¿p#1 Estimating prey species densities is critical for implementing effective tiger Panthera tigris recovery strategies. Several statistical models exist for density estimation of unmarked species from camera-trap data, all of which rely on the random placement of cameras. This has limited the use of such models, as random camera-trap placement is often viewed by field conservationists as impractical and inefficient, particularly in landscapes where ungulates are rare. We used Camera Trap Distance Sampling (CTDS) to estimate the density of prey species from randomly placed cameras within an ecosystem restoration concession in central Sumatra. We estimated densities of two species: Southern red muntjac Muntiacus muntjak (1.43 ±SE 0.5 individuals per-km2) and Southern pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina (4.23 ±SE 1.32 individuals per-km2). These represent the first robust density estimates for these species from tiger landscapes within the Sundaic forests of South-east Asia. Uncertainty around the density estimates was likely due to the low sample size of camera-trap locations, which led to high variability in the number of encounters between camera-traps. Whilst detections of other tiger prey species (i.e. sambar Rusa unicolor, wild pig Sus scrofa, bearded pig S. barbatus) were insufficient to estimate density, the random placement of cameras did not significantly reduce detection rates when compared to targeted camera-traps set in a conventional tiger-focused grid. Complementary camera-trap survey designs that implement both targeted and randomised placement designs are likely to provide a better picture of carnivore populations and critical resources, while minimising bias, in Asian tropical forests. Tiger prey density within the site is low, presumably due to a combination of gun-hunting of ungulates by local communities, and disease, particularly African Swine Fever affecting pig species. Recovering tigers across the extensive rainforests of Sumatra will require targeted ungulate hunting reduction and active prey recovery, particularly focusing on sambar and wild pigs.

¿p#1 We investigated whether plasma Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IL-10 (cmvIL-10) levels could serve as a biomarker of active CMV replication in allogeneic hematopoietic transplant recipients (allo-HCT) in the presence or absence of letermovir (LMV) prophylaxis. A total of 189 leftover plasma samples that tested positive for CMV DNA (Alinity m CMV assay), representing 33 episodes of CMV DNAemia were run on a laboratory developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for cmvIL-10 quantification. Eighteen episodes developed during LMV prophylaxis. Overall, 16 episodes of CMV DNAemia were classified as clinically significant (CsCMVi). There was an overall very weak correlation between the two biomarkers (Rho = 0.10; P = 0.16). Overall, the median cmvIL-10 area under the curve (AUC) until CMV DNA levels reached their peak was significantly higher ( P< 0.001) in CsCMVi episodes than in non-CsCMVi episodes. cmvIL-10 AUC between days 14 and 23 after allo-HCT (AUC 14-23) values were significantly higher in CsCMVi episodes compared with non-CsCMVi episodes among patients receiving LMV therapy ( P=0.008). An AUC 14-23 cutoff value of log 10 3.06 discriminated anticipately between CsCMVi and non-CsCMVi with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Plasma cmvIL-10 levels may reflect true CMV replication and thus provide a unique perspective on viral dynamics, serving as an ancillary marker to CMV DNA monitoring.

A document by ahmad matarneh. Click on the document to view its contents.

Key Clinical MessageThis letter clarifies the case definition of Lemeirre Syndrome and emphasizes that this case represents an otogenic infection with internal jugular vein thrombosis. Accurate diagnostic terminology guides antimicrobial selection, defines prognosis, ensures comparability across future case series and systematic reviews and aids physician in recognizing this often overlooked “forgotten disease”

Amphibian populations in upland areas have experienced disproportionately high rates of decline worldwide, yet the status of many remains poorly understood due to limited systematic surveys and long-term monitoring. In eastern Australia, the Pseudophryne bibronii complex (P. bibronii and P. dendyi) was once widespread and common, but its current status is uncertain. We aimed to quantify contemporary occupancy, abundance, and disease prevalence in this group by surveying 70 historically occupied sites spanning an elevational gradient from near sea level to 1700 m above sea level. Sites were surveyed up to six times over two breeding seasons, and adult males were swabbed to determine infection rates with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Occupancy declined sharply with elevation, from 71% at low elevations to 28% in upland areas, with abundance counts showing a similar pattern. Bd prevalence increased from 6.7% at low elevations to 29.2% in upland sites, with the highest infection intensities also recorded at higher elevations. These findings implicate Bd as a potential contributor to upland declines, possibly alongside other environmental pressures. Our results demonstrate that common species can undergo substantial, unrecognized contractions in the absence of targeted monitoring and provide an example of time-lagged declines potentially associated with chytrid fungus.

Marine oil spills and discharges of organic pollutants present significant challenges environmentally and economically, highlighting an urgent need for efficient, scalable, and sustainable remediation solutions. Traditional recovery technologies, such as physical sorbents and mechanical collection systems, are often constrained by suboptimal efficiency, intensive labor requirements, and limited flexibility for large-scale or remote applications. In this work, we report a spray-deployable sorbent fabricated by dissolving polyolefin elastomer (POE) in a bio-based solvent system containing α-pinene, D-limonene, and p-cymene. When sprayed, the rapid evaporation of solvents promotes the in-situ creation of a cohesive POE film that efficiently adsorbs and retains hydrocarbons from contaminated surfaces. The optimized sorbent composition, referred to as Bio-SP3, demonstrates a maximum oil uptake of 37.3 g g⁻¹ and enables removal of up to 60 mL of very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) in simulated marine spill setups. This material maintains outstanding mechanical resilience, functionality in cold conditions, and environmental safety. Additionally, the sorbent exhibits elevated removal performance for a range of volatile and semi-volatile organic substances, such as toluene, xylene, octane, decane, and hexadecane. Ecotoxicity testing indicates negligible phytotoxicity from residual solvents. This study advances a sustainable and operationally feasible method to address large scale oil spill remediation, combining rapid field application, and renewable materials. The results suggest meaningful progress toward strengthening marine pollution response capabilities through the deployment of innovative functional materials and green chemistry methodologies.

Aim: Denosumab and bisphosphonates are the main treatments for osteoporosis in residential aged care (RAC). Strict adherence to 6-monthly denosumab dosing is critical as delayed doses can result in bone resorption and vertebral fractures. If denosumab is ceased, then a bisphosphonate is recommended to avoid vertebral fractures. We aimed to examine adherence to denosumab dosing guidelines, practices of ceasing or switching to bisphosphonate treatment, and how these vary in Australian RAC. Method: Design: A retrospective cohort study using routinely collected electronic medication administration data. Setting, participants: 10,674 residents treated for osteoporosis with denosumab or bisphosphates in 413 RAC homes, 2018-2022. Main outcome measures: Non-adherence to denosumab treatment guidelines, defined as either a dosing interval of >210 days or cessation of denosumab without bisphosphonate replacement (residents with ≥12-month follow-up). Secondary outcomes were residents who ceased or switched from a bisphosphonate. Results: 9,281 residents (86.9%) were administered denosumab and 5,986 were administered more than one dose. In total, there were 15,040 intervals between consecutive denosumab doses and 14.8% (n=2,222) were longer than recommended by guidelines, affecting 20.0% (n=1,881) of residents on denosumab. Of residents who ceased denosumab, 98.2% (n=833) were not administered a bisphosphonate. Of residents who ceased a bisphosphonate, 58.9% (n=279) switched to denosumab, with a median of 8 days (IQR: 18) between doses. Conclusion: Significant gaps exist in treatment of osteoporosis with denosumab and bisphosphonates in RAC placing residents at risk of harm. Interventions to address these gaps should be urgently explored, leveraging digital systems and RAC pharmacist services.

Aims To compare the pattern of psychotropic drug prescriptions in adolescents who started a drug therapy after the COVD-19 pandemic and in adolescents who began before the pandemic. Methods A healthcare database from Italy’s Lombardy region was analyzed to compare the prescription profiles of psychotropic drugs (N05 and N06 groups of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system) and access to healthcare services among two cohorts of adolescents, aged 12–17. One cohort received their first psychotropic drug prescription in 2018 (pre-pandemic), and the other received theirs in 2021 (post-pandemic). The incidence, number of prescriptions within 12 months of the initial prescription, therapy persistence at the end of the observation period, and prevalence of polytherapy (prescription of more than one psychotropic class) were evaluated. Additionally, access to healthcare services was monitored before and after the initial prescription. Results The incidence increased from 3.01 per 1,000 in 2018 to 4.97 per 1,000 in 2021 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.64; 95% CI 1.55–1.74), with the largest rise in girls aged 12–14 (IRR 2.35; 95% CI 2.01–2.77). Among girls, the mean number of prescriptions (+39%), prevalence of polytherapy (+57%), and persistence at 12 months (+38%) all increased post-pandemic, while no significant changes were observed among boys. Prior healthcare service use rose from 58.4% in 2018 to 65.7% in 2021. Conclusions The increase in incidence and intensity of psychotropic drug prescriptions in adolescent girls confirms the existence of gender differences in the pandemic’s impact on mental health.

An adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process that results in ecological and morphological diversification of a monophyletic lineage, often in response to new environmental opportunities. Islands often give rise to such radiations, owing to the absence of mainland competitors and predators. Several families of African insectivorous bats are absent from Madagascar. We examined whether Miniopterus bats in Madagascar, a monophyletic clade of twelve species, underwent adaptive radiation following the colonization of the island by the ancestral form. Linear wing measurements related to flight were taken from two Miniopterus sister clades: one with twelve species from Madagascar and the other represented by nine species from Kenya, which constitutes a comparable surface area of continental Africa. Principal component analysis revealed that Miniopterus species cluster within a narrow region of morphospace, with PC1 representing a size gradient that explains 93.6% of the variance in seven wing measurements. A phylomorphospace analysis integrating a resolved species phylogeny demonstrated that closely related species often occupy similar regions of morphospace, particularly among the smaller Malagasy taxa. Euclidean distance matrices showed similar nearest, average, and farthest neighbor values between Kenya and Madagascar, indicating strong morphological resemblance. Multivariate dispersion analysis yielded an observed mean dispersion of 1.8137, which did not significantly differ from a randomized expectation (p = 0.08819), suggesting that species are not more regularly or unevenly distributed than expected by chance. These findings do not support strong adaptive morphological evolution or niche partitioning during the evolution of the Malagasy clade, at least based on the traits examined. This work highlights the complexity of detecting adaptive patterns and suggests the need to incorporate broader ecological and behavioral data when studying diversification in bats.

Practice Report on Nursing Quality Improvement for Cough Syncope-Related Fall-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage Based on Root Cause Analysis

During the launch phase prior to microgravity stage, hypergravity and vibration can potentially damage cell models used in space medical research, compromising the success of subsequent missions. Bioinks and bioprinting play a pivotal role in the successful delivery of cell models and the fabrication of tissue models for space biomedicine research. In order to streamline the process and conserve valuable resources, it is crucial to examine the storability of bioink and high survival human cells under space conditions. This study investigated the effects of hypergravity and vibration on blood brain barrier (BBB) related cells in 2D monolayers and 3D decellularized matrices, assessing proliferation, viability, and gene expression. The study confirmed 3D embedded cells showed marked tolerance to launch-associated mechanical factors, contrasting with the disruption on 2D adherent cells. In addition, the present study provided methods for storing hybrid bioink (decellularized extracellular matrix of mammalian soft tissue) and high viability of cells loaded in bioink under the existing storage conditions of space station. Printability, rheological property and ultrastructure of bioink is maintained after storage in 4 ℃ for 4 Weeks. Three types of BBB related cells can maintain their viability and function under the cryopreservation of preservatives. This study verified the feasibility of bioink and cell storage in the low-temperature environment available on orbit, addressing the challenges of maintaining cell viability, short experimental window, and susceptibility to launch processes in cell experiments conducted in space, and providing a promising foundation on efficient and reproducible complex bioprinting in space.

IntroductionIsovaleric acidemia (IVA, OMIM #243500) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) in the leucine catabolic pathway. This enzymatic defect typically leads to the accumulation of alternative metabolites, including isovaleric acid, isovalerylcarnitine (C5), isovalerylglycine (IVG), and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, which, subsequently, can result in acute metabolic acidosis and multi-organ dysfunction [1]. The clinical manifestations of IVA are non-specific, and the disorder is generally classified into acute neonatal, chronic intermittent, and asymptomatic forms, according to age at onset and clinical presentation [2]. The acute neonatal form typically presents shortly after birth with feeding difficulties, vomiting, ketoacidosis, and a characteristic “sweaty feet” odor caused by unbound isovaleric acid, which is most noticeable in the patients’ sweat. Besides, laboratory findings often reveal increased anion-gap metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypo- or hyperglycemia, and ketosis. Unlike other organic acidemias, bone marrow suppression with pancytopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia is a distinguishing feature of IVA [1]. If not treated promptly, affected infants may develop cerebral edema accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage, consequently leading to coma or death. It is not uncommon that those who survive the neonatal crisis progress to the chronic intermittent form, which, however, is usually diagnosed after the neonatal period. These patients typically present with recurrent, non-specific developmental delay. Episodes are frequently precipitated by upper respiratory infections or ingestion of high-protein diets, manifesting as recurrent vomiting and lethargy, which may further progress to coma, and metabolic acidosis with ketonuria. With increasing age, the frequency of metabolic decompensations generally declines due to fewer infections and reduced protein intake. Without intervention during the neonatal period, survivors are at a significantly increased risk of developmental delay or intellectual disability. Even among patients who receive standardized management, some still exhibit varying degrees of developmental delay or mild-to-severe cognitive impairment, and most display aversion to high-protein foods [3]. According to previous reports, the asymptomatic form is typically identified by newborn screening. Affected individuals may remain free of clinical symptoms throughout life, presenting only with mild-to-moderate elevation of blood C5 and trace amounts of urinary isovalerylglycine [4]. Management usually centers on dietary restriction of leucine, along with glycine and L-carnitine supplementation. Moreover, during acute episodes, correction of metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia is also essential. With early intervention, neurocognitive outcomes can approximate those of the general population [5].This report describes a pediatric patient with chronic intermittent IVA, in which the genetic analysis identified a previously unreported homozygous IVD variant, c.899_905delinsCCCACAG (p.Asp300_Thr302delinsAlaHisSer). The following summarizes the patient’s diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow-up course.

Land use intensification threatens pollinator-dependent tropical ecosystems. However, studies linking melliferous flora to honeybee forage resources in West African ecosystems remain poorly. This study evaluated floristic composition and honeybee foraging across agroforestry systems (fallow land and farmland) and protected areas surrounding local apiaries in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Ninety floristic surveys identified 48 melliferous woody species from 16 families and 35 genera, dominated by Fabaceae (41.12%), Combretaceae (32.12%), and Sapotaceae (12.69%). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed significant floristic divergence among land uses (Stress = 0.174; r = 0.214; p = 0.001). Farmlands showed the highest individuals (6.6±2.3 m; p = 0.00432) with the largest diameter (27.9±19.5 cm; p=6.31E-5) while protected areas showed the greatest tree density (280.4 ± 132.5 trees/ha; p=6.78E-9). Vitellaria paradoxa dominated all land uses (IVI: farmland 99.03%, protected areas 41.94%, fallow 30.06%). Indicator species analysis identified 19 significant species, with Combretum glutinosum (IndVal = 0.730) and T erminalia avicennioides (IndVal = 0.712) characterizing fallow land and protected area while farmland lacked specific indicators. Protected areas supported extended bee foraging periods (≥3 months) with multiple high-density species, including Mitragyna inermis (5-month flowering duration). These findings highlight the importance of conserving melliferous flora and integrating afforestation into land management to sustain pollination services and enhance beehive productivity in West African ecosystems.

1.Plant-insect interactions regulate ecosystem processes and productivity. The effect of plant diversity on insect herbivory is whether Amplification Effect (AE) or Dilution Effect (DE) that is still in dispute. Other than plant diversity, factors such as canopy height, soil nutrient availability, and climate also influnce leaf insect herbivory. However, previous studies have mainly focused on key drivers of specific types of herbivory in grasslands, farmlands and forests in terrestrial ecosystems, it is lack of studies on consistency of total herbivory and its inner diverse guilds’ herbivory in relation to plant diversity over multiple years. Additionally, the mixed effect of plant diversity and other factors in island ecosystems remains understudied. 2.This study investigated three insect guilds’ herbivory (chewing, sucking, mining), measured mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), tree height, soil total carbon content (TC), total phosphorus content (TP), and total nitrogen content (TN) in Zhoushan Archipelago, China. We employed linear regression, stepwise regression, and variation partitioning analysis to explore these relationships. 3.Our findings show that tree species diversity was positively correlated with total herbivory and leaf mining in both 2019 and 2021, but only had positively associated with sucking in 2019 and chewing in 2021. 4.In 2019, tree species diversity, tree height, soil nutrition and their interactions collectively explained 60% of the variation in sucking. Tree species diversity, soil nutrition and their interactions accounted for 32% of the variation in leaf mining. 5.Synthesis. Our results support that plant diversity amplified both total herbivory and three insect guilds’ herbivory. However, the effects of plant diversity on sucking and chewing herbivory varied discontinuously in different years. The results for sucking align with the hypothesis that larger trees attract more herbivores. Plant diversity, soil nutrition, and their mixed effects simultaneously influence sucking herbivory, as well as leaf mining.

Accurate mutation detection and quantification are crucial for understanding mutagenesis and its potential health implications. Traditional in vivo mutagenicity assays, such as the transgenic rodent gene mutation assay, are limited by their focus on single reporter genes and inability to efficiently generate mutation spectra. Error-corrected sequencing (ECS) technologies like Duplex Sequencing (DS) offer significant advantages, including extremely low error rates and ability to measure mutation frequencies (MFs) across various tissues and model organisms. Before DS can be adopted for regulatory purposes, its performance characteristics, particularly the type 1 error rate must be rigorously established. We evaluated the type 1 error rate of DS through empirical analysis of vehicle control data and complementary simulation studies. Using 138 control mouse liver samples from 28 studies analyzed with the TwinStrand Mouse Mutagenesis Panel, we performed variance component analysis and found that experiment-level variability exceeds within-experiment sample variability. To evaluate the impact of between-study heterogeneity, we simulated overdispersed binomial data informed by the observed variance components. Removing the most variable studies reduced overdispersion and improved control of the type 1 error rate. Our findings demonstrate that DS maintains appropriate type 1 error rates (~0.05) when study heterogeneity is limited and at least four samples per group are used. Under greater overdispersion, sample sizes of five or six per group may be needed to achieve comparable control of the type 1 error rate. These results underscore the importance of combining empirical and simulation-based approaches to evaluate and optimize the statistical performance of emerging genomic technologies.

IntroductionBreast fibroadenoma is a common benign tumor in women, with an incidence rate of approximately 10%[1]. However, cases involving ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) within the tumor are relatively rare, with reported incidence rates below 1% in the literature[2]. DCIS refers to malignant proliferation of epithelial cells confined to the ducts, which has the potential to develop into invasive cancer[3]. When DCIS occurs within a fibroadenoma, its benign clinical and imaging features often mask the malignant component, leading to diagnostic challenges before surgery. Currently, most reported cases worldwide are unilateral[4,5]. This article presents a detailed case of DCIS identified within a bilateral breast fibroadenoma confirmed by pathology, exploring its clinical-pathological characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies to enhance clinicians’ understanding and improve management of such rare case.

Successful Interstitial HDR Brachytherapy for Nasal Skin SCC in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: An Eight-Year Follow-Up Case ReportPouya Saraei1, Vita Derakhshandeh2, Ali Bagheri3*1Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.3Interventional Radiotherapy Ward, Department of Radiation Oncology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

There are disputed opinions about the three taxa of series Reniformia, namely A. nelumboides X. C. Zhang (A. reniforme L. var. sinense Y.X. Lin), A. reniforme L. var. reniforme, and A. reniforme L. var. asarifolium (Willd.) R. Sim, owing to their similar morphology but intercontinental disjunctive distribution and close lineage with the series Venusta (only distributed in China). In order to clarify their relationship, we studied their morphological characteristics and conducted phylogenetic analyses of Adiantum L. including the series Reniformia and series Venusta. The results showed that A. reniforme var. asarifolium diverged before A. reniforme var. reniforme and A. nelumboides, and A. flabellum had a close relationship with A. nelumboides. Distinctive morphological features were determined to help identification. All these suggested that A. nelumboides, A. reniforme var. reniforme, and A. reniforme var. asarifolium were three independent species rather than varieties. Therefore, we propose that A. reniforme var. asarifolium is a synonym of A. asarifolium and support that A. reniforme var. sinense is a synonym of A. nelumboides. Furthermore, the voucher plate (type specimen) of Adiantum reniforme var. asarifolium did not match its description in the original publication, and the specimen (No. 2444215 in MO) in Kenya may be A. nelumboides, and there are some other disputed taxa around the Madagascar Islands. Results from haplotype analyses and genetic diversity indicated that gene flow among these taxa was hindered by long periods of geographical isolation and their genetic differentiation increased. China was deduced to be the most possible original evolution center of series Reniformia; areas along the southeast coast of Africa (Madagascar, Mauritius, Kenya, and Reunion) were the genetic diversity centers of the modern series Reniformia. The Canary Islands/Madeira was inferred to be the glacial refugia of A. reniforme var. reniforme in the western Mediterranean during the late Quaternary.