IntroductionLateral meningocele is a rare form of spinal dysraphism where meningeal diverticula herniate through the neural foramina. While most meningoceles are dorsal and lumbosacral, lateral meningoceles typically occur in the thoracic region. The etiology is incompletely understood but is thought to involve failed caudal neural tube closure, influenced by folate deficiency, genetic factors, and environmental exposures [1, 2]. Associations with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome have been described [3].In rare instances, lateral meningoceles are a cardinal feature of Lehman syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder caused by NOTCH3 gene mutations [4]. This syndrome’s phenotype includes distinct craniofacial dysmorphisms, growth deficiency, congenital heart defects, and feeding difficulties [2, 5]. While cognitive impairment and hearing loss have been documented, fewer than half of the 22 reported patients with Lehman syndrome had confirmed loss-of-function NOTCH3 mutations. [5, 6, 7]Here, we report a unique case of bilateral thoracic lateral meningoceles in a 6-month-old infant who presented without clinically apparent syndromic features. This case highlights the importance of including rare spinal anomalies in the differential diagnosis for infants with unexplained recurrent chest infections.

The Turing pattern of a population model with cross-diffusion and prey defense are studied in this paper. According to the existence conditions of Turing bifurcation, we derive the amplitude equation of the Turing bifurcation of the model at its positive equilibrium by the multi-scale analysis method. By analyzing the topologically equivalent amplitude equation, one find that cross-diffusion can induce Turing instability in the population system at the positive equilibrium, resulting in rich pattern dynamics phenomena, such as stripes, spots or hexagonal patterns. And the change of the prey defense coefficient will trigger the backward Hopf bifurcation, indicating that the prey defense mechanism is beneficial for maintaining the stability of the population system. Finally, the theoretical results are proved numerically.

Introduction A global movement focused on early intervention in bipolar disorder is long overdue. Given a dearth of work towards establishing coordinated efforts in this field, we aimed to explore what can be learned from successful global mental health movements. Methods We interviewed nine experts involved in the development of global mental health movements. Reflexive thematic analysis was used. Results Seven themes were generated: (1) “What do You Want to Be and for Whom?”, (2) There are Pros and Cons with Consensus in Ideas and Approaches, (3) The Catalytic Role of Early Action, (4) People are the Heart of a Movement, (5) Make it Matter, (6) Size and Structure Can Impact Effectiveness, and (7) Challenges of Scaling Up and Maintaining a Movement. Conclusions These learnings provide a framework for building a Global Alliance for early intervention in bipolar disorder, centring early action, nurturing passionate leadership, and inclusive collaboration.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising delivery system for gene therapy. However, current manufacturing of AAV suffers from very low yields compared to other biotherapeutics. The AAV dose per patient ranges between 10 11and 10 15 viral genomes (vg), requiring an average of 10 to 30 L production/dose. As a consequence, production costs are prohibitive for most indications. Our recent studies revealed that only 10% of the HEK293 cells that have received the AAV encoding DNA produce assembled AAV capsids. This observation prompts the question: Why would cells that have been successfully transfected, be unable to produce AAV. To answer this question, we undertook a detailed study to characterize the two sub-populations from the same transfection, the cells that were making assembled capsids and those that were not. We found that the two populations had distinct cell cycle profiles, with a block in cell cycle progression characterizing the producer population. RNA-seq analysis of the two populations reveals differences in the molecular pathways impacted and provides a basis for making changes to improve productivity.

In recent years, coronavirus, a kind of virus with a wide host range and high variability, has a large and complex genome. Research on the reverse genetics of coronaviruses has always been a hot spot. Coronavirus can not only infect mammals, but also infect humans, showing its wide host adaptability. The mutation ability of the coronavirus is extremely strong. Recently, the rapid mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 has made the development of vaccines and therapeutic methods face great challenges. At present, reverse genetics technology is a molecular biology tool. This process primarily involves cloning the full-length genome cDNA of the virus onto a vector, and then reproducing the modified progeny virus in the cell to achieve accurate modification of the virus's genetic characteristics. This technology can explore the external characteristics of mutants and the evolution of their traits through artificial operations such as knockout and site-directed mutagenesis of specific genes, and then reveal the biological functions of genes. This article will review the research progress of the coronavirus reverse genetic operating system. In the past research, reverse genetics technology has made remarkable progress in the field of coronavirus research. Researchers have successfully constructed various reverse genetic systems for coronaviruses, including IBV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV. In addition, the reverse genetic system has also been used to study the cross-species transmission capacity of the virus, which is of great significance for preventing possible future novel coronavirus epidemics.

Surgical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma tumor thrombus extending into the left atrium: A case reportZhongjian Chong1+, Yu Tang1+, Aiping Zhang1*, Zijian Ma1*1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China+Zhongjian Chong and Yu Tang contributed equally to this work.*Correspondence: Zijian MaDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road,Nanjing 210029, China(13092361011@163.com)Aiping ZhangDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road,Nanjing 210029, China(apzhdoc68@163.com)Key Clinical Message：When lung adenocarcinoma with a tumor thrombus extending into the left atrium through the pulmonary vein, it is already at stage IIIA. Patients with such conditions often face a poor prognosis.This article reports a case of surgical treatment for lung adenocarcinoma with tumor thrombus extending to the left atrium.Key words: lung adenocarcinoma, left atrial tumor thrombus, local advanced stage, driver gene

A document by Saba Ebrahimian . Click on the document to view its contents.

This study demonstrates precise control over the transition from chirality to luminescent properties in aluminum-oxo clusters (AlOCs) by leveraging their highly flexible and modifiable coordination surfaces through a stepwise ligand functionalization strategy. By exploiting the programmable coordination sites on the Al 2 cluster surface, we introduced classical chiral L/D-valine molecules and successfully constructed four pairs of alcohol-coordinated pure chiral enantiomers ( AlOC-189-L/D-MeOH, EtOH, PrOH, and PDO). Further utilizing the replaceability of surface coordination sites, we achieved chiral-luminescent bifunctional coupling by partially substituting the chiral ligands with π-conjugated naphthyl-based luminophores (HNA/HNN), yielding two new classes of luminescent enantiomers ( AlOC-190-L/D-HNA and AlOC-190-L/D-HNN). Notably, AlOC-190-L/D-HNN exhibited remarkable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity. This work not only highlights the highly designable coordination chemistry of AlOC—enabling on-demand integration of specific functionalities through modular ligand substitution—but also establishes a novel ”ligand editing” paradigm for developing multifunctional chiral optical materials.

Due to the concealed location of the nasopharynx, early diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are relatively difficult. Although nasopharyngeal carcinoma is sensitive to radiation, normal tissues and organs are inevitably damaged by radiation. Patients who cannot tolerate radiation often need to be treated with chemotherapy drugs. Thus, how to improve the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy and reduce the toxicity of chemoradiotherapy is an urgent need for us to study. In this study, we designed bionic nanobombs with a core-shell structure (Nm-pAu/CP/KU): PEGylated gold nanoparticles (pAu) were loaded with cisplatin (CP) and a radiochemotherapy sensitizer (KU-60019) to form core pAu/CP/KU, and homologous nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell membrane vesicles (Nm) were used as the shell. Nm endows pAu/CP/KU with good biocompatibility and immune escape function. Through adhesion molecules, Nm-pAu/CP/KU showed targeted aggregation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma sites. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, after PEG detachment, cisplatin and KU-60019 were released. AuNPs promoted X-ray absorption at the tumor site and combined with cisplatin to induce DNA breakage. KU-60019, as a specific inhibitor of ATM proteins, inhibited ATM-mediated DNA damage repair and enhanced radiochemotherapy sensitivity to X-ray and cisplatin treatment. Nm-pAu/CP/KU provides a promising therapeutic strategy for targeted dual sensitization to radiochemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: The diagnostic performance of ultra-high-field ²³Na MRI in predicting the P53 phenotype and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in adult-type diffuse gliomas is still unknown.No studies have compared its diagnostic efficacy with DWI for distinguishing isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype, Ki-67 LI, and P53 phenotype. ̵‌Purpose:‌ To determine whether ²³Na MRI at 7 Tesla (7T) field can accurately predict IDH genotype, Ki-67 LI, and P53 phenotype in adult-type diffuse gliomas and compare efficacy of ²³Na MRI with that of DWI. ̵‌Materials and Methods:‌ 36 glioma patients underwent preoperative ²³Na MRI on a 7T scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Total sodium concentration (TSC) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative ADC (rADC) and relative TSC (rTSC) were acquired. ANOVA was used to compare differences in TSC, ADC, rTSC and rADC within groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUCs) were used to evaluate diagnostic performance. ̵‌Results:‌The TSC and rTSC of P53 mutant-type, high Ki-67 LI and IDH mutant-type were higher than that of P53 wild-type, low Ki-67 LI and IDH wild-type, respectively (p=0.009, =0.012, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, <0.001). rTSC had highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC=0.862) in distinguishing gliomas with different Ki-67 LI. To distinguish different IDH genotype, rTSC had highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC=0.837). rTSC had high diagnostic efficacy (AUC=0.750) when distinguishing gliomas with different P53 phenotype. ̵‌Conclusions: 7T‌ ²³Na MRI can non-invasively distinguish adult-type diffuse glioma with different IDH genotype, P53 phenotype and Ki-67 LI. Compared with DWI (0, 1000 s/mm2), 7T 23Na MRI can have superior diagnostic performance.

A document by Denis Mucunguzi. Click on the document to view its contents.

Percutaneous coronary intervention of an atherosclerotic right coronary artery with anomalous origin from the left sinus of Valsalva: a case report and literature reviewMulualem Alemayehu1, Kefelegn Dejene2, Gashaw Solela3*

DEVASTATING CERVICAL SPINE CHALK-STICK FRACTURE AND DEATH FOLLOWING TRIVIAL TRAUMA IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A RARE CASE REPORT

A document by Asteway Haile. Click on the document to view its contents.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential to induce autoimmune responses. ANA are hallmarks of systemic autoimmunity, and emerging evidence suggests their increased prevalence post-infection. This study aimed to assess ANA positivity rates and patterns distribution before and after the onset of the pandemic in Lombardy, Italy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 8,240 matched SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and ANA records performed between March 2020 and June 2025. ANA positivity was assessed using IIF on HEp-2 cells and classified according to ICAP. The extracted data were compared to pre-pandemic period (2019). Cumulative risk analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate associations among ANA and SARS-CoV-2 exposure, sex, and age. Results: ANA positivity increased during the pandemic (36.7%) compared to 2019 (29.98%, p<0.00001). Among SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, ANA positivity was more frequent (OR: 1.25, p<0.001). Cox regression confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR:1.22), female sex (HR:1.55), and age (HR:1.007) were independently associated with ANA positivity. Time-to-event analysis revealed that ANA seroconversion occurred earlier in 2020–2021 compared to later years. Certain ANA patterns, such as cytoplasmic speckled (AC-19/20), were more prevalent post-infection. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased cumulative risk of ANA positivity in Lombardy population, especially in the earlier phases of the pandemic.

1.INTRODUCTIONLymphangiomas are characterized as abnormal formations of the lymphatic system[1]. Lymphangiomas are categorized as either congenital or acquired. Lymphangiomas can occur anywhere in the body. The majority (95%) are found in the neck and axilla, and the remaining 5% occur in locations such as the mediastinum, bone, retroperitoneum, kidney, and liver[2]. There are few cases of scrotal lymphangioma that have been reported[3-5]. Due to its rarity, diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Herein, we reported a rare case of cystic lymphangioma in the scrotum to contribute to the knowledge of proper management of this condition.

Mpox with digestive manifestations in a 16-year-old adolescent girl; A case report

Robust monitoring of wildlife populations to guide interventions is fundamental to conservation and wildlife management. Understanding how landscape characteristics are influencing recovering predator population dynamics is often vital to inform recovery strategies, management, and policy. The pine marten is recovering in the UK, however, spread and expansion has occurred at different rates across the country. We investigate how spatial variation in density of recovering pine marten populations is influenced by key habitat and human-related factors. Using genotyped non-invasively collected pine marten hair samples collected through standardised surveys covering four landscapes in Scotland over three seasons, we apply a multi-session, sex-structured, spatial capture-recapture model to estimate within- and between-landscapes spatial variation in density. We identify larger areas being used by individuals in recently recolonised areas compared to more established populations. We find significant differences in the spatial variation of density across landscapes ranging from 0.05 marten/km2 (CI: 0.03-0.07) in the recently colonised Borders region of southern Scotland to 0.21 (CI: 0.10-032) in the Trossachs region of central Scotland. There was substantial variation in marten density within landscapes. The amount of forest had a positive effect on population density, but not in the most recently recolonised population. Closer proximity to large gamebird shoots had a significant negative effect on marten density in one landscape suggesting that, despite being protected in law, martens suffer sufficiently elevated mortality close to some pheasant pens to locally depress their density. We did not find an effect of distance to nearest major road on spatial variation in population density in any landscape. While the mechanistic processes driving these patterns are not clear, our work highlights the importance of elucidating the processes underlying these effects of forest and land management.