The grape berry moth (GBM) Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important pest of grapes in Eastern North America. The insect is native to this region and co-evolved with wild grapevine hosts long before the beginning of viticulture. The geographic distribution of this pest is influenced by the distribution of its hosts and by unknown environmental factors. In agriculture, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) can help predict the effects of environmental variables and changing climate on the geographic suitability of pests and their hosts, guiding preparation for potential pest expansions. This study predicted the potential geographic distribution of GBM and two of its host plants, Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia, across the United States (U.S.) and Canada in the current time and under two climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and periods (2021-2040 and 2041-2060) using the Random Forest algorithm. The results show that habitat suitability for the three species was primarily determined by temperature and precipitation. The temperature annual range and the precipitation of the driest month were the variables with the greatest influence on GBM distribution, whereas the mean temperature of the warmest quarter contributed the most to V. labrusca and V. riparia SDMs. Shared suitable areas for GBM and its two hosts in current time predictions were 9.7% and 1.76% in the U.S. and Canada territories, respectively. In future climatic scenarios, these shared suitable areas are predicted to increase by 3.3–4.5% in the Northeast and Midwest U.S. and by 7.8–13% in Eastern Canada. These findings suggest an increase in pest pressure in the U.S. and Canada in future climatic conditions, providing the basis for proactive pest monitoring, breeding for drought and cold grapevine tolerance, and adaptive vineyard management to mitigate the risks associated with climate change.

Since the 1970s, the Midwestern USA has experienced an expansion of blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis), the primary vector of Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, leading to increased Lyme disease incidence. Public health surveillance indicates that Northwestern Wisconsin has served as refugia for these ticks, seeding an expansion into neighboring states such as Michigan. However, the process of re-emergence and invasion remains unclear. To improve tick management, we examine whether environmental variables in the Midwestern (eastern North Central) region have constrained tick dispersal and whether connectivity corridors can be identified. By developing fine-scale spatial population genomic data, our analyses reveal genetically diverse populations in Wisconsin, with northern populations contributing to recent expansions within the state. We identify several east-west gene flow corridors facilitating tick dispersal in Wisconsin. An independent dispersal network exists along Wisconsin’s Mississippi River, extending southwards. In contrast, Michigan populations exhibit sharp genetic divergence from Wisconsin and Indiana populations, with low genetic diversity and high in-state gene flow. We also identified high landscape connectivity in the region connecting the Michigan Peninsulas and significant gene flow at the landmass near southern Lake Michigan. Geographical isolation, as well as landscapes with low soil humidity during summer and high human disturbance, were found to limit gene flow across the region, although these effects were minor. Management of blacklegged ticks in the region can be enhanced by recognizing that landscape connectivity has influenced the dispersal of distinct genetic populations, and targeted interventions in seemingly less tick-favorable landscapes may help mitigate the spread.

A document by Ping Xin. Click on the document to view its contents.

Diagnosis and Treatment Report of a Case of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Left Adrenal Metastasis and Hemorrhage in an Elderly Male Hepatitis B Virus CarrierGuanyu Zhou1,2,Fan Wu1,2,Tianhe Feng1,2,Tianqi Lin2

Background: Complete pulmonary metastasectomy is central to curative-intent therapy for sarcoma, but lesion localization can be challenging. Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence offers real-time intraoperative guidance, though data in pediatric and adolescent/young adult sarcoma patients is limited. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with metastatic sarcoma who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy was performed. Patients were dosed preoperative ICG (dose: 4mg/kg, 24 hours before surgery) between April 2019 and November 2022. Demographics, tumor histology, operative details, lesions characteristics and ICG status were analyzed. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and the proportion of lesions identified solely by ICG were calculated. Results: 31 patients aged 6-42 years underwent 51 pulmonary metastasectomy. Overall sensitivity of ICG for detecting metastatic lesions was 81% with a PPV of 39%. ICG identified 17% of metastases not palpable or visible on inspection. Patients with prior lung radiation demonstrated lower sensitivity at 64% than the overall cohort. No adverse reactions to ICG were observed. Conclusion: ICG fluorescence imaging is a safe adjunct to pulmonary metastasectomy in pediatric, adolescent and young adult sarcoma patients. It facilitates more complete resection by identifying additional lesions not detected with standard techniques without significant adverse effects. These findings support use of ICG as a complement to meticulous surgical exploration. Further multicenter studies are needed to assess its impact on oncologic outcomes.

Formalin, ethanol, and RNAlater are the most commonly used fixatives for morphological and molecular studies. Formalin is preferred for preserving tissue morphology, whereas ethanol and RNAlater are used to obtain high-quality nucleic acids for molecular analyses, including emerging -omics techniques. Over the past few years, the study of non-model organisms has gained attention, but the lack of laboratory cultures for many species requires collecting and fixing the animals directly in the field. Often, few specimens are secured, limiting the possibility of using multiple fixatives for parallel analyses. A single fixative that preserves both morphology and molecules while being easy to handle in the field would therefore be highly valuable. KINFix, a non-toxic alcohol-based fixative, was developed to preserve histology, proteins, and nucleic acids simultaneously, enabling both morphological and molecular analyses with the same sample. Here, we evaluate the suitability of KINFix for electron microscopy, bulk RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using three invertebrate species from distinct spiralian phyla. Our results demonstrate that KINFix preserves both morphology and RNA integrity better than other standard fixatives, maintaining RNA quality for over three months. Additionally, we show the potential of KINFix to preserve cellular integrity for scRNA-seq applications. While fixation conditions may require optimization for different species, our findings highlight KINFix as a versatile and valuable fixative that enables a wide range of morphological and molecular studies in non-model invertebrates. KINFix is particularly useful for field-based research where sample availability and preservation logistics are challenging.

In this paper, f--Dirac--harmonic maps are studied. then, we monotonicity formulas for solutions of these equations are derived. Also, Liouvile theorem for f--Dirac--harmonic maps is proved.

An isolated primary ALK-positive anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the axilla mimicking an inflammatory breast cancer.

Sulfur doping is one of the resultful ways to promote the electrochemical performance of hard carbon anode. However, its commercial applications have been limited of hard carbon martials with low initial efficiency and poor cycle by traditional sulfur doping method. Herein, we used sulfur fixation strategy through magnesium oxide to produce sodium lignosulfonate precursor, which adjusted the microstructure of the hard carbon with increasing the disorder degree and interlayer spacing. Thereby, this not only provides more space and better kinetic conditions for the insertion/deinsertion of Na+, but also introduces abundant defects and active sites, thereby enhancing the surface adsorption capacity and significantly improving the electronic conductivity. As a result, the sulfur-doped hard carbon material achieved a reversible initial capacity of 307.1 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1, which also has a higher capacity retention of 77.5% at 500 mA g-1 compared with untreated hard carbon (capacity retention 66.5%). Moreover, the 21700 cylindrical batteries with the sulfur-doped hard carbon as anode has the capacity retention of 91.5% at 1.4 A after 400 cycles. This method opens up a new path for the preparation of long cycle hard carbon anodes.

Summary of major conclusions from the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT), Ottawa, Canada

IntroductionSevere cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are delayed heterogeneous hypersensitivity reactions triggered by drugs in the majority of cases. They present as emergencies on acute services. Manifestations of SCAR’s can include blistering, exfoliation, pustulation and mucosal involvement which usually alert the physician to scrutinize the drug history. The rash of DRESS is highly variable and can be non-specific in morphology raising a wider differential diagnostically. The prodromal phase of DRESS with fever, malaise and arthralgia may also raise alternative diagnoses including lymphoma[1]. The drug latency period for DRESS from drug exposure to disease onset has a median (range latency) of 24.5 (1-160 days) and can frequently be overlooked as most drug induced rashes emerge within 1-3 weeks of initiation and drug history recordings tend to focus on new or recent drug initiation[2].Case History and ExaminationA forty seven year old Caucasian female presented with skin rash, fever, and flu like symptoms She had a fever 38.9 and felt generally lethargic. She had generalised myalgia and arthralgia. Although non specific in morphology, her rash was very extensive and maculopapular with background confluent erythema affecting entire trunk, upper limbs and thighs (75% body surface area). There was no blistering or mucosal involvement. She had facial swelling with palpable bilateral parotid swelling and extensive palpable cervical lymphadenopathy (1cm) and inguinal lymphadenopathy (1.5 cm).Differential Diagnosis Investigation and TreatmentHaematological profile showed a normal haemoglobin and a lymphopaenia 0.5 (1-3) and atypical lymphocytes were identified. She had prominent eosinophilia 1.67 (0-0.5). CRP was elevated at 94 (0-5) and ESR was elevated at 116 (0-12). LDH was elevated at 252 (135-214). Hepatic profile showed significant abnormalities with baseline ALP 155 (35-104), ALT 81 (0-40), GGT 138 (6-42). Albumin levels were reduced 31 (39-51). Renal function showed elevated creatinine levels 122 (49-90) with normal urea, reduced sodium 126 (136-145) and reduced eGFR 45 (60-160). Hepatic virology screening was negative as were PCR screening tests for EBV, CMV, Herpes, Mumps, Rubella and HIV. Full autoimmune screening was negative.Abdominal ultrasound confirmed prominent hepatosplenomegaly (14 cm spleen) (Figure 1) with prominent para-aortic and porta hepatic lymph nodes. Features were suggestive of lymphoma and she was scheduled for bone marrow and lymph node biopsy. CXR showed a lower lobe consolidation with pleural effusion and atelectasis of the right horizontal fissure. Cardiac echo identified a pericardial effusion with normal ejection fraction (Figure 2).The differential diagnosis initially considered was Lymphoma or severe viral exanthem.Outcome and follow-upOn dermatologist advice, an extended review of her drug history over the previous 4 months was undertaken which revealed exposure to diclofenac 100mg twice weekly, and ibuprofen 600mg 5 days a week intermittently over the previous 10 weeks for back pain. A presumptive alternative diagnosis of DRESS with multi organ involvement was proposed. She was commenced on systemic steroids 0.5mg/kg orally and an intensive topical therapy regime which included super potent topical steroids and emollients.Within 72 hours her fever resolved fully and her cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy dramatically reduced to the extent that lymph node and bone marrow biopsy were deferred. Her skin rash improved and settled in 10 days. Her systemic symptoms gradually improved over the following weeks and months. Given the severity and extent of multiorgan involvement and given that DRESS has been reported to relapse and remit, she remained on a reducing steroid regime for 3 months. Regular monitoring during this time revealed that all abnormal blood parameters had gradually returned to normal values. Repeat CXR, cardiac echo and abdominal ultrasound were normal at 3 months and her steroids were stopped without relapse.DiscussionA clear drug trigger can be identified in approx. 80% of DRESS cases. Approximately 75% of cases are due to a small few high risk drugs incl anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lamotrigine), allopurinol, and sulphonamide containing antibiotics, minocycline and Vancomycin. There are much fewer reports implicating drugs such as NSAID’s, the likely trigger in this case and there are recent reports of DRESS are associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors and Immunotherapy [3]. With ever expanding novel drug regimes and exposures, it is predictable that clinical presentations of DRESS will continue to present.Pharmacogenetic studies have found an association between DRESS risk and several HLA haplotypes[4]. DRESS is a T –cell mediated immune response. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but a drug specific immune response associated with explosive cytokine release and the possible reactivation of viruses from the Herpesveridiae family eg. HHV-6 most notably (16%-60% of cases) but also Ebstein- Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) [5]are the suspected mechanisms.Only 20% of DRESS patients have more than two organs involved and the condition has a reported mortality rate of up to 10% which rises when cardiac and renal involvement and advancing age are features. 11% of DRESS patients experience long term autoimmune sequelae thyroiditis, diabetes or chronic renal failure[6]. Early withdrawal of any drug trigger and prompt intervention with systemic steroids is critically important. Immunosuppressive agents such as Cyclosporin may sometimes be additionally required. Recognition and prompt intervention is vital and ultimately will help to distinguish DRESS from diseases that it can closely mimic most notably lymphoma and will prevent diagnostic delay and unnecessary investigations.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSHilary Regan – data collection, first draft and revisions, manuscript layout and designGerard O Sullivan - procurement, interpretation and preparation of radiological imagesPauline Marren – supervision, patient consent, editing and final draftREFERENCES1.Mangana J, Guenova E, Kerl K, Urosevic-Maiwald M, Amann V et al. Angioblastic T-cell lymphoma mimicking drug reaction with eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) Case Rep Dermatol 2017;9:74-792.Kridin K, Bruggen MC, Walsh S,Bensaid B,Ranki A et al. Management and treatment outcome of DRESS patients in Europe: An international multicentre retrospective study of 141 cases.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023;37:753-7623.Kardaun SH,Sekula P,Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y,Chu CY et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from prospective RegiScar study. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:1071-1080.4.Tempark T,Satapornpong P,Rerknimitr P, Nakkam N, Satsit N et al. Dapsone induced severe cutaneous drug reactions are strongly linked with allele HLA-B*13;01 in Thai population. Pharmacogenet Genomics; 2017:12: 429-4375. Miyagawa F, Asada H. Current perspective regarding the Immunopathogenesis of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome / DRESS. Int J Mol Sci;2021:22:21476.Long term sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms –a retrospective cohort study from Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol:2013:68:459-465

Droughts, increasingly frequent under human-driven climate change, are expected to intensify globally. Both pulsed and prolonged droughts can have pronounced effects on organismal survival and population dynamics, potentially altering terrestrial communities and ecosystems. Understanding the impacts of drought on communities is important to make predictions and mitigate these impacts. Here, we conducted two meta-analyses that evaluate two components of communities: community composition and species interactions, revealing overall negative effects of drought in both analyses. In particular, we found negative impacts on the richness of species, and plant and arthropod community composition, and predation and decomposition were more likely to be negatively impacted. Additionally, we found differences in the effect of droughts in different biomes, with community composition mainly impacted in grasslands and boreal forests, whereas species interaction was negatively affected in forests. Our meta-analyses highlight the potential for drought to disrupt ecological communities on a global scale. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring drought effects in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in regions of high risk.

Body movements like walking can synchronize with auditory and visual inputs presented within a periodic frequency range, peaking around 2 Hz. Some evidence has shown that the spontaneous tempo of human locomotion is around 2Hz. The EEG frequency-tagging approach allows to capture the synchronization of beat perception with neural brain oscillations at the beat frequency. This study used EEG frequency-tagging to explore brain dynamics during the perception of rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization with auditory (footstep sound) and visual (walking point-light figure) inputs. Sensory inputs were delivered at different rates (1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3.6 Hz) in rhythmic or random sequences while recording EEG activity. The experiment included three conditions: (i) Auditory, (ii) Visual, and (iii) Audiovisual, including data from 22 participants. Results showed a main effect of rhythmic sequences compared to random sequences across all frequencies in all three auditory, visual, or audiovisual conditions. Specifically, at 2 Hz, rhythmic sequences enhanced synchronization in the sensorimotor cortex for auditory and audiovisual conditions. This effect was absent in the visual condition alone. Notably, 2 Hz rhythmic sequences in the audiovisual condition led to synchronization with temporal, sensorimotor, and occipital regions. The study suggests that sensory auditory input related to walking movement presented at 2Hz can mediate neural synchronization with sensorimotor areas. The findings of this study can have an impact on the spontaneous rhythmic integration of body movements using sensory inputs for walking rehabilitation.

”Rare Manifestation of Sjogren’s Syndrome: Renal Tubular Acidosis-Induced Hypokalemic Paralysis - A Case Report”Premendra Vimal1, Dhiraj Chaurasia1, Dipesh Jha1, Raj Adhikari11Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching HospitalCorresponding Author: Premendra Vimal, Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.Email address: premvimal93@gmail.com

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Zhang et al. (2025) recently delved deeply into how tree diversity can enhance the yield of woody biomass by promoting cell quantity and cell wall thickness. In this study, researchers found that, compared with monoculture, the average woody biomass yield of all studied species increased by 19-29% at the highest neighborhood species richness (NSR = 4). Neighborhood diversity also leads to changes in the phenology of the cambium.

The effective implementation of new technologies for wildlife population monitoring is limited by knowledge of factors that impact their efficacy. Population monitoring of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus; HADU) on their breeding streams in Montana and Idaho in the Northern Rocky Mountains has historically relied on ground-based foot surveys (GBS), which have produced variable count data, making it hard to decipher trends in stream occupancy and population size. We quantified the detection probability of GBS and compared it to two additional non-invasive technologies, environmental DNA (eDNA), and camera traps (time-lapse and motion detection) for detecting breeding HADU. We surveyed for HADU presence on 10 occupied streams during incubation and brood rearing in 2022 and 2023 using GBS, eDNA, and camera traps. We found that a single, five km, GBS had a mean detection probability of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.31 – 0.71) and varied with the relative abundance of HADU, streamflow, and survey pace, but not between incubation and brood-rearing periods. Both eDNA and camera traps proved effective in detecting HADU, particularly when replicated across space (multiple samples of eDNA along a stream reach) or time (camera traps deployed over several weeks). Combining methods proved particularly effective; we estimated a cumulative detection probability >0.95 for a single-day survey effort by collecting eDNA samples spread throughout a stream reach in tandem with a GBS. Utilizing and combining these non-invasive survey techniques could prove efficient for surveying other low abundance stream-residing waterbirds.

Introduction 191 words

Intracerebral Hemorrhage During the Chronic Phase of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report Emphasizing Cerebrovascular VulnerabilityShinya Watanabe, MD, PhD; Masatoshi Kasuya, MD; Yasushi Shibata, MD, PhDDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Area Medical Education Center, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan