Case report of a 7 year old girl with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis .Rummana Tazia Tonny

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Abstract: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can establish persistent infections in 90% of the healthy adult population, and its reactivation is associated with graft failure in kidney transplant patients. Ischemic injury (IS) increases the risk of viral reactivation, making BKPyV a primary cause of allograft failure. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of IS that promote BKPyV replication are not well characterized. The aim of the study was to identify the critical pathways and hub genes involved in IS’s promotion of polyomavirus replication based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. We found that IS could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and then activate the DNA damage response pathway, which could promote polyomavirus replication. Additionally, we identified CDK1 as a hub gene according to the conservation of gene expression pattern and key pathways in mice and humans. Subsequently, we screened the potential drug repurposing targeted CDK1 by docking-based virtual screening to help improve the outcome of BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVN). Together, the present study found that IS could induce ROS to regulate the expression of CDK1 via the ‘DNA damage response’ pathway to promote polyomavirus replication. Keywords: BKPyV; ischemic injury; single-cell sequencing; pathway enrichment

Introduction \RL :Elbow injuries involving fracture-dislocations are among the most complex to manage due to the joint’s intricate anatomy and its reliance on both osseous and ligamentous structures for stability(1). The Monteggia lesion, originally described by Giovanni Battista Monteggia in 1814, typically consists of a proximal ulna fracture with dislocation of the radial head(2). In contrast, the ”terrible triad” of the elbow, first outlined by Hotchkiss in 1996, involves a posterior elbow dislocation, fracture of the radial head, and fracture of the coronoid process(3).Each injury independently poses significant treatment challenges and is associated with a high risk of complications such as stiffness, heterotopic ossification, and recurrent instability. When these two injuries co-occur—Monteggia and the terrible triad—the treatment complexity is magnified, yet such cases remain scarcely documented(4).Recent literature has sought to redefine traditional classifications. Giannicola et al. proposed the concept of ”Monteggia-like” lesions, incorporating more complex elbow fracture-dislocation patterns that may not fit into Bado’s original classification but still demand similarly aggressive surgical intervention. Additionally, the Wrightington classification now emphasizes a three-column concept to guide the surgical management of complex elbow injuries(5, 6).Monteggia fractures are typically categorized using the Bado classification, which identifies four distinct types based on the direction of radial head dislocation and the associated ulna fracture pattern(7). Type I involves a forward (anterior) dislocation of the radial head along with an ulna shaft fracture angulated in the same direction. Type II refers to a backward (posterior) or backward-sideways (posterolateral) dislocation of the radial head with a corresponding ulna fracture that opens in the same direction. Type III includes a sideways (lateral) dislocation of the radial head and a fracture in the proximal portion of the ulna, often near the metaphysis. Type IV, which applies to our patient, is the least common and involves fractures of both the radius and ulna, accompanied by dislocation of the radial head(8). This combination usually indicates a high-impact trauma and presents a significant challenge in achieving stable surgical repair.This case report presents a unique instance of combined Monteggia lesion and terrible triad in a young adult male, illustrating the complexity of managing such hybrid injuries and the importance of a coordinated surgical strategy.

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To boost the practical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries, replacing conventional solvating electrolytes with sparingly-solvating ones has shown promise by enabling solid-state sulfur conversion and reducing electrolyte consumption. However, this approach often compromises sulfur redox kinetics. This study reports a new sulfur conversion pathway distinct from both traditional solvated and sparingly-solvated mechanisms. Specifically, sulfur is converted into a mixture of solid and solvated lithium polysulfides (LPSs). Such a hybrid solid/solvating conversion pathway is achieved using a newly-formulated moderately-solvating electrolyte, accomplishing both lean-electrolyte operation and fast conversion kinetics for lithium-sulfur batteries. Methoxyacetonitrile (MAN) is selected as the solvent to formulate the moderately-solvating electrolyte due to its high relative permittivity (21) that contributes to a high Li+ conductivity (11.7 mS cm−1 for 1M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide in MAN), and low donor number (14.6 kcal mol−1) that reduces the solubility to LPSs to 1/6 of that in mainstream solvating electrolytes. The as-formulated MAN electrolyte enables sulfur cathodes to operate at a low electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 2 μL mg−1 and a low cathode porosity of 52%, displaying excellent prospects for boosting both gravimetric and volumetric energy density.

Hydrologic variability is predicted to increase across much of the world in response to a changing climate and increased groundwater extraction. Because flow regime is a primary control on habitat viability for aquatic species, including non-native, native, threatened, and endangered species, our ability to understand and quantify flow regime is important for managing these changes in the future. However, predicting flow regime is difficult at ungauged sites and models that can predict flow parameters (e.g., mean annual flow, flow predictability, annual coefficient of flow) are needed. In this study, we used USGS streamflow data to calculate 10 hydrological indices at gaged sites in central Texas, USA using the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration software. Values at gauged sites were then used in conjunction with environmental parameters (climate, geology, land use, etc.) to model the same hydrological indices at ungauged sites. Models were validated using bootstrap resampling (final average R 2 of 0.76, range of 0.69 – 0.94). Cluster analysis was used to group gauged and ungauged sites into two clusters of ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ sites. ‘Dry’ sites experience systematic declines or complete cessation in discharge because of anthropogenic effects such as river water withdrawal and groundwater extraction. Regression-based regionalization for flow regime prediction improves our ability to model hydrological regimes in rivers and, specifically, in river segments lacking continuous gauge data, and to derive model variables that are key predictors required for many ecological models.

Global warming is altering the structure and dynamics of ecological communities, with significant consequences for soil food webs. Rising temperatures are expected to accelerate metabolic rates, rates in organisms, potentially altering species interactions, and the structure and energetics of food webs. However, most studies assessing warming impacts on soil invertebrates have been short-term, taxonomically narrow, or confounded by large-scale variability. We investigated how long-term warming affects soil invertebrate community structure across trophic levels. We sampled soil invertebrate along natural temperature gradients (17°C to 40°C) of geothermal surface features of New Zealand, and we analysed community composition and population densities in relation to soil temperature, pH, water content, and microbial biomass. We found that the invertebrate community composition was significantly influenced by temperature and associated environmental variables. Total invertebrate density increased with warming, primarily driven by decomposers. In contrast, omnivores exhibited increased species richness, while predators declined in richness but showed higher evenness. Our results highlight that warming effects are trophic-level specific and environmentally context-dependent. This suggests that long-term warming may disrupt key ecosystem functions – such as decomposition, predator-prey interactions, and top-down control by reshaping community composition and inducing the loss of predatory taxa. Such alterations could compromise soil food web stability and the resilience of those communities to disturbance events in a changing climate.

Indonesia is richness biodiversity country, including a wide variety of vertebrate and plants species. However, assessing biodiversity in tropical rainforest remains challenging itself. The use of conventional tools has commonly been employed for monitoring and research purposes. Invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA), a subdiscipline of environmental DNA (eDNA), has emerged as a noninvasive tool that complements traditional methods for biodiversity assessment. It enables the detection of vertebrate species and the monitoring of their populations through molecular approaches. Leveraging abundant haematophagous leeches as a tool offers a promising approach to accessing a wider range of hosts inhabiting an area and retain high-quality host DNA in their guts for extended periods. Using Sanger sequencing with five primer sets (16Scp, 16Sed, 12S, ND2, and RepCOI) designed to target broad taxonomic groups, 272 Haemadipsa spp. samples were successfully amplified, resulting in the identification of 17 unique vertebrate hosts, including mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Within our 16Sed results, we noted that the primer sets captured a broader range of taxa, encompassing both mammals and reptiles, thereby enhancing species richness detection. Notably, we present evidence the first iDNA-based detection of the rare blue-eyed litter frog, Leptobrachium waysepuntiense, from western Sumatra. Therefore, this study suggests that the use of haematophagous leeches represents a promising approach for biodiversity monitoring in Indonesia. This method offers a complementary strategy that can be integrated with existing practices to strengthen conservation efforts.

Pollinator sharing can lead to heterospecific pollen (HP) receipt, potentially reducing plant fitness. Compatible HP may cause greater reproductive interference than incompatible HP, but the factors determining HP-pistil compatibility and the resulting HP effects are unclear. Moreover, in some apocarpous taxa, the extragynoecial compitum may confer potential HP compatibility, amplifying the risk of reproductive interference by increasing the opportunities for HP tubes (especially closely related HP tubes) to waste more ovules. However, HP-pistil interactions in such plants are understudied. In this study, widely distributed apocarpous Sagittaria trifolia with typical extragynoecial compitum was selected as a representative species, and hand‐pollination experiments were performed with 42 sympatrically distributed and co‐flowering HP donors to systematically access pollen-pistil interaction and HP effects on seed set. Results showed that HP-pistil compatibility was not influenced by species origin (native/alien), pollen size, or aperture number of HP donor. Instead, it was negatively correlated with phylogenetic distance: closely related HP showed higher compatibility, causing greater seed set reduction. Nevertheless, conspecific pollen (CP) sired over 80% of seeds when applied simultaneously with or after HP. Furthermore, in the half-and-half pollination treatments with CP and compatible HP, CP produced significantly more than 50% of seeds. This indicated that pollen advantage and intercarpellary pollen-tube growth of CP enable it to outcompete HP for ovules. Our results provide a good basis for understanding the variation in fitness costs of HP receipt and how apocarpous angiosperms with extragynoecial compitum mitigate interspecific pollen interference.

Timing of delivery in preeclampsia: Time to reconsider?Rebecca HORGAN, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United StatesAhmed S. Z. MOUSTAFA MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHealth Houston, Tx, United StatesMackenzi MCHUGH, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United StatesTetsuya KAWAKITA, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United StatesBaha SIBAI, MD Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHealth Houston, Tx, United StatesGeorge SAADE, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States

Aqueous zinc-based batteries (ZIBs) are considered promising energy storage solutions, particularly targeting low-cost applications needed for levelling electricity production from renewable energy sources. However, numerous challenges need to be overcome to bring the technology to the market, chiefly including cathode dissolution, dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction and zinc corrosion. The optimisation of the electrolyte, particularly the use of gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs), is demonstrated as a viable approach to solve or mitigate such issues. In this respect, a comparative study of two GPEs based on biopolymers, agarose and sodium alginate, is here presented. Despite the fast and facile preparation procedure, the GPEs demonstrate to be strongly effective in suppressing dendrite and byproduct formation on zinc metal anodes, due to the abundant –OH groups along the chains in polymeric matrices. The electrochemical behaviour of GPEs is evaluated in terms of galvanostatic cycling in laboratory-scale zinc metal cells with a CaV6O16·3H2O cathode at low and high active material loadings of 2.5 and 5 mg cm-2, respectively. Resulting cycling performances in terms of specific capacity and rate capability is comparable (low loading electrodes) and even outperform (high loading electrodes) those obtained with a standard liquid electrolyte (2M ZnSO4) liquid electrolyte cell, thus accounting for the promising prospects of the bio-polymer GPEs as alternative green, sustainable electrolyte for next generation Zn-based batteries.

Compared to cow’s milk, eggs and peanut, knowledge on wheat allergy is limited. During the past 2 decades, IgE-mediated wheat allergy in children is frequently observed all over the World, especially in Asia. Wheat allergy usually presents in infants between 6-12 months of age. Common clinical manifestation is skin rash (maculopapular rash, urticaria and angioedema). Atopic dermatitis is a less common preceding manifestation in wheat allergy compared to egg and cow’s milk allergy. Anaphylaxis occurs in up to 50% of wheat allergy in children. Wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis is more common among older children, teenagers and adults. Skin prick test with water-soluble extract of wheat gave low diagnostic sensitivity. This is because major wheat allergens are alcohol-soluble proteins. Specific IgE to components of wheat such as ω-5 gliadin could increase diagnostic accuracy. The use of these component-resolved wheat allergens both in singleplex and multiplex tests are available but accuracy of these tests remains to be verified. Wheat avoidance is difficult to carry out since wheat is used for cooking in wide varieties of daily diets. Oral immunotherapy to wheat has been extensively investigated over the past 15 years among children with varying degree of wheat sensitivities. Most of these children achieved some degree of desensitization to wheat but only few attained sustained unresponsiveness. To date, it is unclear how long wheat oral immunotherapy should be maintained. Recently, an outbreak in Japan on allergy to soap containing hydrolyzed-wheat suggested that route of sensitization of wheat was through skin. Discontinuation of marketing of this soap led to cessation of such epidemic. Such knowledge warrants further investigation in children so that a prevention measure for wheat allergy among high-risk infants can be designed.

Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) is a potent pore-forming exotoxin responsible for severe enterotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis in ruminants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ETX pathogenicity and attenuation, several site-directed mutants—ETX-R25A, ETX-F92A, ETX-Y133A, ETX-F206A, ETX-D210A, and ETX-G221A—were constructed based on structural analysis. Cytotoxicity assays revealed reduced virulence in ETX-Y133A, ETX-F92A, and ETX-F206A, with Y133A exhibiting the most significant attenuation. To further investigate the role of residue Y133, additional mutants (Y133E, Y133F, Y133S, Y133W, and Y133G) were generated. Selected mutants were evaluated for cytotoxicity, pathogenicity in BALB/c mice, and in vivo safety through histopathological analysis. Furthermore, their pore-forming ability, binding affinity to MDCK cells, and oligomerization properties were assessed. Results demonstrated that residue Y133 is critical for ETX activity, likely due to the necessity of its aromatic side chain for pore formation. In contrast, F92 and F206 appear to be involved in host-cell interactions via distinct mechanisms. These findings provide insights into ETX structure–function relationships and offer potential strategies for rational attenuation in vaccine development.

Adamantinoid basal cell carcinoma: clinical, histological and dermoscopic findingsSadanori Furudate1, Haruka Nakagawa1, Yoshihide Asano21. Department of Dermatology, NHO Sendai Medical Center2. Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineCorresponding author : Sadanori Furudate1. Department of Dermatology, NHO Sendai Medical Center2-11-12 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8520, JapanTEL: +81-22-293-1111; FAX: +81-22-291-8114E-mail address: s.furudate@derma.med.tohoku.ac.jpharuka.yamamoto@derma.med.tohoku.ac.jp2. Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, JapanTEL: +81-22-717-7271; FAX: +81-22-717-7361E-mail address: yasano@derma.med.tohoku.ac.jpManuscript word count: 452Figure count: 2Table count: 0Keywords: adamantinoid basal cell carcinoma, ameloblastoma, adamantinoid trichoblastoma, dermoscopy, trilobed flap, surgical marginEthics statement : The patient in this manuscript has given written informed consent to the publication of their case details.Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

As readily available and abundant industrial feedstocks, alkenes have emerged as versatile platform for constructing value-added targets. Transition metal-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalizations reactions forge two carbon-carbon bonds in one step with construction of two vicinal saturated carbon centers, providing profound synthetic potential in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. In particular, nickel-catalyzed reductive dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years. Compared to conventional redox-neutral dicarbofunctionalization strategy, reductive variant offers significant advantages, such as no use of pre-formed organometallic reagents, operational simplicity and mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes developments of nickel-catalyzed reductive dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes to forge diverse carbon-carbon bonds in the absence of stoichiometric carbon nucleophiles. The mechanistic considerations are comprehensively discussed, including two-electron migratory insertion and the single-electron radical addition pathways. Furthermore, we provide critical insights into future directions and potential challenges in this area, highlighting opportunities for further methodology development and applications for nickel-catalyzed reductive dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes.

AbstractPancreatic hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor occurring in the pancreas. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging due to its lack of specificity on clinical manifestations and imaging examinations. Pancreatic lesion was found on physical examination in a 54-year-old woman who had no symptoms of abdominal discomfort. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a round, well-defined, and low-density nodule in the head of the pancreas with multilocular or honeycomb shape, with mild-moderate enhancement of its internal septum and no enhancement of the cystic component. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal signal nodule in the head of the pancreas, with isointensity and hypointensity on T1-weighted images and inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. The isointensity on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values suggested no significant diffusion restriction. In addition, the main pancreatic duct was not dilated and does not communicate with the lesion. Clinical consideration of pancreatic serous cystadenoma was highly probable. However, pancreatic hemangioma was confirmed postoperatively.

Hydatid Cyst of the Breast: A Very Rare Case Report and Literature Review