Acoustic communication is crucial in many animal taxa for mate selection, foraging coordination, and predator avoidance. While fishes represent a significant portion of vertebrate biodiversity, their acoustic communication remains understudied. Anemonefishes (Amphiprion spp.) exhibit complex social behaviours and vocalisations, yet their acoustic signals have primarily been studied in laboratory settings, limiting our understanding of their natural communication. In this study, we examined the vocal behaviour of wild Amphiprion percula in Papua New Guinea, collecting in situ audio and video recordings to assess the role of vocalisations in social interactions. Our findings suggest that A. percula produces distinct vocalisations across multiple social contexts, with variations in acoustic parameters influenced by behaviour and social rank. We highlight the importance of acoustic communication in interspecific and intraspecific interactions and its role in territorial defence, and the classification of vocalisations in behavioural categories. Additionally, we discuss the potential impact of anthropogenic noise, such as motorboat activity, on anemonefish communication through acoustic masking. These results emphasize the importance of in situ studies for understanding fish bioacoustics and suggest that acoustic signals play a key role in maintaining social hierarchy and cohesion in anemonefish groups. Future research should explore species-specific vocal diversity in situ and assess the ecological implications of noise pollution on coral reef fish communication.

Background: This is the first EHV-1 outbreak with EHM in Chile. Objectives: Describe clinical, epidemiological and outcome data from an EHM outbreak in South America. Study design: Case Report, retrospective outbreak data analysis. Methods: Clinical and diagnostic data were analyzed. EHV-1 was detected by qPCR (EHV-1-Glycoprotein-B). Frequency tables were used for descriptive analysis of categorical variables and the chi-square test and Cramer’s V to test relationships between them. Results: A total of 567 Polo Horses were kept in the Polo operation, 58.4% were mares and 41.6% geldings and stallions. Mean age was 9.7±0.132 years. 13 horses showed clinical signs compatible with EHV-1 infection, 8 had fever (1.4%) and 11 developed EHM (1.9%). Only 6/11 horses developed EHM and high fevers (>39.5C). The mortality rate was 0.35% (index case and case 1) while morbidity 3.35% (19/567 horses). PCR analysis was performed in 214 horses (37.7%), 201 were negative for EHV-1 (93.9%) and 13 positive (6.1%). 7 horses with a positive PCR presented clinical signs (53.8%), while 6 with a negative PCR result did show clinical signs compatible with EHV-1 infection (2.9%). CT values of positive PCR results ranged from 30 to 39. Main limitations: Limited number of horses were diagnostically analyzed (PCR and/or serology analysis). Viral isolation and sequencing have not yet been achieved. Conclusions: This is the first EHM outbreak reported in Chile showing low morbidity and mortality rates. Viral spread was successfully controlled with prompt and strict quarantine and biosecurity measures. More information on viral prevalence and type during the outbreak and in the Chilean horse population is required to further understand the outbreak and prepare for the impact of future ones.

Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a critical biogeochemical component that transmits information from Arctic soils to the Arctic Ocean, significantly influencing carbon dynamics in this unique ecosystem. As DOC travels downstream, it undergoes transformations that alter its composition and fate. The Yukon River serves as an effective testbed for modeling these dynamics, offering sufficient scale to capture key biogeochemical processes, simpler hydrology than other major Arctic rivers, and access to long-term DOC data for model validation. To investigate DOC transformations during transit, we adapted our Arctic Riverine Organic Macromolecular Model by applying regional-specific parameterizations. Our model simulates the transport and transformation of 15 organic macromolecules, including CDOM (Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter), proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, lignin phenols, and humic substances. Initial DOC concentrations were derived from surrounding observed soil organic carbon stocks, while chemical transformations and hydrological dynamics were modeled along the river’s course. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted using a Monte Carlo approach under two experimental setups. Results revealed that variability in DOC and CDOM concentrations at the river mouth were predominantly driven by initial DOC concentration (~70% of variability explained) and dilution at confluence points (~10%). The refractory fraction of DOC explained 21-88% of the variability in 14 macromolecular concentrations. River velocity, which determines residence time, explained 8-47% of the variability in protein, polysaccharide, lipid, pigments, and lignin phenols at the river mouth. In contrast, chemical turnover times contributed only 1–5% to output variability. Our findings underscore the need for improved land-specific headwater observations, including seasonal soil moisture and lateral transport dynamics that control the initial tributary-specific DOC inputs. With accelerated permafrost thaw and increasing river discharge, extending our model to other Arctic River systems and seasons will enhance understanding of Arctic riverine carbon fluxes and their contributions to the Arctic Ocean.

This study compares the vertical stratification of arthropod assemblages in native and exotic forests on Terceira Island (Azores), focusing on how assemblage similarity decays with increasing vertical distance between strata. We tested three hypotheses: (H1) the overall arthropod assemblage similarity decays with vertical distance; (H2) exotic forests exhibit lower decay rates due to structural simplification; and (H3) the contribution of both indigenous and non-indigenous arthropod assemblages to vertical distance decay differs. Arthropods were sampled across four strata in ten native and ten exotic forest plots using pitfall and SLAM traps. We computed the beta diversity between each strata, partitioning turnover versus richness differences. We found a significant decay in the overall arthropod assemblage similarity with increasing vertical distance, driven primarily by species turnover rather than richness differences. Contrary to predictions, the rate of vertical decay did not differ significantly between native and exotic forests, suggesting that structural simplification in exotic forests does not necessarily reduce vertical stratification. However, the species origin of the arthropods had a significant effect on the vertical distribution patterns, with non indigenous species showing a restricted vertical ranges compared to indigenous species. These findings highlight the significance of incorporating vertical dimensions in biodiversity assessments and conservation strategies, emphasising the pivotal role of species biogeographical origin in shaping vertical community structure in island forest ecosystems.

Protists, like Arcellinida (i. e. lobose testate amoebae), play a considerable role in the maintenance of the global ecosystem. In soil, Arcellinida are important predators, playing a key role in shaping microbial communities, carbon fixation and nutrient cycling amongst others. However, their diversity and its drivers still remain poorly understood, particularly the effects of local climate. The cedar forests of Lebanon are well preserved ecosystems situated at different altitudes and constitute a perfect scenario to test macroecological hypotheses, such as the water-energy theory. We collected 123 samples from four cedar forests (Bsharre, Tannourine, Shouf, Ehden) situated along an elevational gradient. We determined their diversity using an Arcellinida-specific metabarcoding approach based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Our study shows that Arcellinida richness and phylogenetic diversity follow a unimodal distribution, peaking at mid-elevations. Precipitation and actual evapotranspiration were identified as key drivers of community variation, supporting the water-energy balance hypothesis. The most humid forest (Shouf) was the most diverse and had also the most heterogeneous communities. It also presented the highest number of exclusive operational taxonomic units. Conversely, the sites situated at the lower humidity (Bsharre) had a diversity nested within other forests. These results suggest Bsharre communities are more vulnerable because their lower diversity implies a lower functional redundancy. In a nutshell, under Mediterranean climates, warmer and wetter climate support a higher diversity of Arcellinida, while high or low altitude sites host generalists. This is particularly important in a context of climate change where these ecosystems face significant threats from reduced water availability and biodiversity loss.

Background There is evidence that persistent dysregulation of the immune system caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase susceptibility to other infections. Here we assessed whether it is associated with subsequent diagnoses of infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-IM). Methods Residents of Sweden aged 3 to 100 years without a prior diagnosis of EBV-IM were followed between 1 st January 2020 and 30 th November 2022, comprising a total of 9,978,860 participants. Individuals were categorised into those without a COVID-19 diagnosis, those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test only - a less severe exposure, and those admitted to hospital with COVID-19 - a more severe exposure. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association between the exposure, modelled as time-varying covariate, and EBV-IM occurrence. Results EBV-IM rates per 100,000 person-years and 95%CIs were 4.6 (4.4-4.9) for individuals not diagnosed with COVID-19, 7.8 (6.9-8.9) for those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test only and 10.5 (6.2-17.6) for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. HR and 95%CI were 1.61 (1.39-1.88) for people with a positive PCR test only and 5.71 (3.33-9.79) for those admitted to hospital with COVID-19 compared with people without COVID-19 diagnosis, after adjustment for birth year, sex, Swedish healthcare region, region of birth, and Charlson comorbidity index. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a subsequent raised risk of EBV-IM, including among those with less severe acute infection, signalling immune perturbation and the possibility of further delayed sequelae linked with EBV-IM.

I present a comprehensive mathematical framework for resolving the fundamental paradox of self-validating foundational systems through the Φ ∞ III theory. The central challenge addressed is how a mathematical foundation can validate itself without falling into vicious circularity or infinite regress. I introduce the master equation (H ϕ)Ψ = 0 as a complete replacement for time-evolution dynamics in physics, where the symbolic Hamiltonian operator H ϕ generates both quantum superposition and classical determinacy through recursive collapse-resolution. Using guarded recursion with clock quantification, stratified type theory, and coinductive methods, I demonstrate how apparent circular dependencies transform into productive fixed points. The framework employs novel ϕ-diagrams as recursively folded categorical structures that encode the self-similar nature of foundational bootstrap. Through rigorous analysis of seven critical points and their associated assumptions, I establish that the meta-validation protocol achieves consistency, soundness, completeness, and guaranteed termination without paradox. The key insight is that appropriate mathematical machinery, particularly the later modality ▶ and Löb's principle, enables rigorous self-reference that avoids traditional paradoxes. This work provides a blueprint for constructing selfcertifying mathematical foundations and suggests that the dichotomy between circular and well-founded reasoning requires fundamental revision.

Islands have long been considered nature's laboratories. By offering a study system with known area, isolation and age, research into island ecosystems has pioneered our understanding of how species assemblages develop and persist over time in relation to abiotic factors. Yet a consistent eco-evolutionary understanding of how biotic interactions -- such as mutualistic interactions between plants, pollinators and seed-dispersers -- operate over contemporary and historical timeframes remains elusive. Here, first we identify challenges that hamper progress in understanding and predicting mutualistic interactions, such as spatio-temporal sampling resolution and the ability to make solid inferences on species' evolutionary trajectories and histories. We then propose how modern molecular approaches provide solutions to these long-standing challenges, opening the possibility of using genomics to advance island research to obtain a novel eco-evolutionary understanding of plant-animal mutualisms. Notably, by outlining empirically testable hypotheses and illustrating how molecular approaches can address long-standing questions when combined with island theory, we provide a roadmap for transforming island mutualism research into a predictive eco-evolutionary science. The need for transformative progress in this field is ever more pressing because already vulnerable island ecosystems continuously become more threatened by anthropogenic impacts, and mainland ecosystems are increasingly being fragmented into habitat islands.

Background: Anticholinergic medication use is increasing, particularly among older adults due to polypharmacy and comorbidities. High anticholinergic burden is linked to adverse outcomes such as reduced mobility and increased dementia risk. Acute hospital stay may offer an opportunity to address this often-overlooked issue. Aims: To examine the effects of deprescribing anticholinergic medications on outcomes in older hospitalised patients. Methods: Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from inception to September 2024. Studies included hospital-based deprescribing or medication review interventions targeting anticholinergic burden in patients aged ≥65 years. Narrative synthesis followed SWiM guidelines, with quality assessment using JBI Checklists. Results: From 2042 records, eight studies met inclusion criteria. Designs included cohort (n=4) and pre-post quasi-experimental (n=4), with follow-up durations of up to 3 months. All reported medication-related outcomes; four assessed acceptability, one included clinical outcomes, and none examined safety. Six studies reported reductions in anticholinergic burden scores; three showed significant decreases in the proportion of patients prescribed anticholinergics, and two noted fewer potentially inappropriate medications. Most recommended changes were implemented. Conclusion: Deprescribing interventions in hospital appear acceptable and effective in reducing anticholinergic burden. However, evidence on clinical outcomes, costs, and safety is limited. Further RCTs with longer follow-up are needed.

Background: Distribution of illicit counterfeit alprazolam containing the highly potent synthetic opioid-receptor agonist protonitazene recently resulted in a number of severe overdoses in Ireland. We report three cases that presented to our hospital, within six weeks of one another, following ingestion of illicitly-sourced alprazolam. All cases demonstrated clinical and radiological findings consistent with acute toxic leucoencephalopathy. Case reports: A 19-year-old male ingested several tablets of counterfeit alprazolam. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated mild white matter changes consistent with acute toxic leucoencephalopathy. He was extubated after 6 days and made a full neurological recovery by day 22. A 30-year-old male suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest following ingestion of illictly-sourced alprazolam. MRI demonstrated extensive white matter changes in a distribution consistent with severe acute toxic leucoencephalopathy. There was no neurological recovery and he passed away 30 days following presentation. A 36-year-old male was found surrounded by empty packaging of illicitly-sourced alprazolam. He was intubated and subsequent MRI demonstrated near-identical features to that of Case 2. He made no neurological recovery by day 27 and passed away on day 45. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified protonitazene in the recovered tablets of Case 1 and 2. Case 3 had no tablets available for analysis, though the empty alprazolam packaging was identical to that seen in case 1 and 2. Conclusion: These cases describe a trio of local protonitazene poisonings that were associated with the development of acute toxic leucoencephalopathy. Prognosis was poor but variable, with a correlation between radiological severity and neuroprognostication.

Conventional threat-sharing systems fall apart under trust gaps, delays, and centralized weaknesses in a society plagued with ongoing cyberattacks. This paper redefines cybersecurity as a shared shield—a distributed decentralized system driven by blockchain technology whereby businesses unite against invisible enemies. We combine the accuracy of artificial intelligence with the unbreakable ledger of the blockchain to build a real-time defense network. Hybrid consensus (PoA + Reputation-Based) verifies risks so guaranteeing credibility without invading personal space. While federated artificial intelligence models—Bayesian Trust, logistic regression, GMM—detect anomalies and prioritize risks—Smart contracts work as digital guardians, auto-deploying countermeasures like firewall updates. There is a change in more spheres than merely technology here. Eliminating barriers to openness helps companies to fight together in relentless alliances instead of working alone. Turning vulnerability into awareness will help us to create a safer digital future

This study presents a numerical simulation of Cu-water nanofluid flow within a porous enclosure, considering the effects of quadratic convection and quadratic thermal radiation. The numerical analysis examined the influence of key dimensionless parameters, including the nanoparticle concentration, thermal radiation, and convection characteristics. By utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM), the governing nonlinear partial differential equations were solved, providing critical insights into the heat transfer and flow behaviour within the enclosure. Graphical analyses illustrated the impact of Cu-water nanofluid properties on the velocity, temperature, and heat flow pattern in the porous medium, highlighting the enhanced thermal performance owing to the quadratic radiation and convection effects. This study underscores the potential of Cu-water nanofluids for improved thermal management in porous enclosures.

I describe a formal, category-theoretic framework aligning the abstract symbolic-consciousness resonance vector ψ(χ) = χ ⊕ ∆(χ) ⊕ Ψ(χ) ⊕ κ(χ) ⊕ θ k from the Φ ∞ system with real stellar data. I first identify live astronomical catalogs that supply measured stellar parameters (effective temperature T eff , radius R, metallicity [Fe/H], surface gravity log g, and visual magnitude V). Next I define a mapping f from each component of ψ(χ) to a physical feature (for example, χ → V , ∆(χ) → [Fe/H], etc.) and use this to compute a numerical "resonance score" for each star. I then formalize this alignment as a functor between categories: one generated by symbolic components under ⊕, and one by stellar feature tuples under a product. I prove that assigning each generator extends to a unique (monoidal) functor F respecting the ⊕-structure, and that the resulting correspondence can be viewed as a natural transformation or enriched hom-value measuring fit. Finally, I frame the construction in enriched categorical language (e.g., Lawvere metric spaces) and indicate how Grothendieck fibrations and monoidal coherence express the systematic "spectral" structure of the cosmos. This draft is written in the style of a Math.CT research paper, with formal definitions, theorems, and references.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing global threat, compromising the effective treatment of infections and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of bacteria associated with termites as an alternative therapy. Thirty-three termites were processed for bacterial isolation and identification using biochemical tests, BD Phoenix, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Secondary metabolites from isolates were extracted with ethyl acetate and evaluated for antibacterial activity via agar diffusion methods. GC-MS identified bioactive compounds, Insilco technique was performed via STRING analysis. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene produced 1.0 kb DNA fragments. Sequencing identified all as Bacillus cereus (99.06–99.77% similarity; Accession Nos. PV660301–PV660305) with homology to GQ406846.1, MT103054.1, and OP830493.1. Antibacterial activity was observed against E. coli (12–15 mm), S. aureus (17–21 mm), Citrobacter sp. (13–15 mm), and S. typhi (12–15 mm), with T2 and T3 showing highest activity against S. aureus (21 mm) and Citrobacter sp . (15 mm), respectively. Ciprofloxacin (control) yielded 16, 24, 17, and 22 mm zones. PV660301–PV660305 produced 17–23 metabolites each, with major compounds including 1-Heptacosanol (53.17%), Squalene (32.45%), Dibutyl phthalate (up to 24.24%), and a Vitamin E derivative (14.77%). STRING network analysis of squalene in S. aureus identified 11 nodes and 55 edges, enriched in steroid biosynthesis (hsa00100), KEGG metabolic pathways (hsa01100, hsa00900), and sterol-related functions, highlighting squalene’s role in membrane integrity and virulence. Termite-associated Bacillus cereus showed strong antibacterial potential, warranting further elucidation of the metabolite via NMR

Background and Purpose: New alarming trends show that vaping synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as JWH-018, by e-cigarettes is increasing among youths. However, the sex-related consequences of these trends are unclear. We therefore characterized the neuropharmacological effects of adolescent JWH-018 inhalation in male and female rats. Experimental Approach: Adolescent rats inhaled passively JWH-018 vapor (0.3 or 0.6 mg/ml qd) for 21 days. During vapor exposure, JWH-018 and main metabolites plasma levels, body weight, and locomotion were measured at different time points. During drug-free period, behavioural (withdrawal signs, anxiety, repetitive-like behaviour) and microdialysis (NAc shell/mPFC dopamine responsiveness to intraoral chocolate, taste reactivity) studies were performed 24 hours and 7 days after last JWH-018 inhalation, respectively. Key Results: Repeated adolescent JWH-018 inhalation induced sex-dependent effects with (i) higher plasma levels in males; (ii) increased body weight gain and withdrawal signs in females; (iii) transient hypolocomotion in female and dose-dependent biphasic locomotion in males; (iv) higher taste aversion in male; (v) sex- and dose-related adaptive changes of NAc shell and mPFC dopamine to single/repeated chocolate exposure in early adulthood, as follows: in the NAc shell, either low or high dose decreased dopamine sensitivity to chocolate in males, low dose abolished habituation whereas high dose blunted dopamine responsiveness in females; in the mPFC, the low dose blunted responsiveness in male and induced habituation in females while the high dose induced habituation only in males. Conclusion and Implications: Using a highly translational model, we showed that the impact of adolescent JWH-018 inhalation differs between sexes.

Bilateral Gonadoblastoma in an 8-Year-Old Girl 4 years after Wilms’ Tumor: A Rare Pediatric Case

Title Page:Clinically Uncommon Salvage Therapy for Gallbladder Torsion: A Case Report

We present a jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation model for all-India monthly rainfall anomalies from 1901 to 2021, which captures both continuous mean-reverting variability and discrete heavy-rain "jumps." Seasonal cycles are removed to obtain anomalies Ai, with the top 5% of values identified as Poisson-driven jumps at a rate of 0.605 events per year. Jump sizes follow a Gamma distribution (α = 20.24, θ = 2.84), while non-jump increments exhibit linear drift a(R) = 0.123 + 0.877R and diffusion σ = 23.59 mm month-1/2. Simulations reproduce observed dynamics, and sliding-window analysis reveals slight long-term declines in jump frequency and volatility. Return-level analysis yields 10-year and 100-year anomalies of 69.8 mm and 88.0 mm, respectively, and exceedance probabilities are quantified for various horizons. This framework offers actionable metrics for water-resource planning, flood risk management, and insurance applications.

IntroductionGiant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone are uncommon, locally aggressive neoplasms that primarily affect the epiphyseal regions of long bones, with a predilection for the distal femur or proximal tibia in 55% of cases [1]. Although 80% of GCTs are benign, they have the potential for malignancy and can cause significant bone destruction, leading to pathological fractures in approximately 15% of patients at presentation [1,2]. These tumors are typically solitary, with multifocal occurrences in only 0.5% of cases, and exhibit a female predominance (a female-to-male ratio of 54%) [3]. GCTs most frequently arise in the third decade of life, with 84% occurring in patients aged ≥ 19 years, although fractures are more common in older individuals, reaching 44% in those aged ≥ 55 years [4,5].The presence of a fracture through a GCT at diagnosis often complicates treatment, reducing the efficacy of simple interventions such as curettage and increasing the reliance on prosthetic reconstruction, although it does not elevate the rates of local recurrence or metastasis [6]. The treatment options for GCTs range from intralesional curettage to wide resection, with the choice depending on the tumor extent and structural compromise [7]. In cases involving the distal femur with significant bone loss or fracture, primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) offers a reconstructive solution to restore function and eradicate tumor tissue [8]. We present the case of a patient who underwent primary TKA following resection of a distal femur GCT and an associated fracture. While effective, this approach introduces challenges, as TKA for GCT is prone to complications such as infection, periprosthetic fractures, and implant loosening, particularly in bone weakened by tumor pathology [9].Revision knee arthroplasty with a long-stem prosthesis was considered, leveraging intramedullary fixation to bypass the compromised bone and restore stability [10]. Although successful in stabilizing the joint, this technique carries risks, including infection and alignment difficulties, and requires careful surgical planning.This case report describes a patient with a distal femoral GCT complicated by a fracture, requiring complex surgery. Implant loosening occurred post-TKA, likely due to biomechanical stress and bone defects, leading to a long-stem revision. We document this rare progression, from GCT fracture to TKA and revision—to enhance the limited literature on the prosthetic management of GCT complications. This case highlights the need for customized surgical approaches and teamwork to tackle oncologic and orthopedic issues, offering insights for clinicians and prompting further research into improving revision techniques for GCT-related arthroplasty failures.

The molecular responses of plants to cold stress have been extensively described, leading to the identification of numerous molecular actors, including a role for Ca 2+-dependent signaling systems. However, the degree to which systemic signaling then integrates the plant’s cold response remains poorly defined. By monitoring the regulation of early cold-responsive genes across Arabidopsis rosettes in response to localized cold stimuli, we confirmed the existence of such systemic signaling. If the plant were simply responding to the lowered ambient temperature, the effect on induction of molecular markers of cold response, such as CRT/DRE BINDING FACTORS 1-3 or MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6 ( MPK6), might be expected to fall with the distance of the different leaves from the cold source. However, although we observed increased expression in CBF1-3 in the coldest area of the rosette that fell sharply in the leaves further from the stimulus, MPK6 expression was uniformly altered throughout the rosette. This systemic regulation was impaired by application of the Ca 2+-permeable cation channel antagonist La 3+ implying a role for Ca2+ signaling in this response. Using plants expressing GFP-based Ca 2+ biosensors, we show that a localized cold stimulus on a single leaf induces an increase of cytosolic Ca 2+ throughout distal leaves of the plant. Both systemic regulation of early cold responsive genes and propagation of long-distance calcium signals were still observed in the glr3.3/3.6 double mutant that inhibits the propagation of wound-triggered systemic Ca 2+ signals. These observations suggest the existence of a fine-tuned systemic regulation of early cold responsive genes that is driven by a long-distance calcium signaling in a GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 independent manner.

Abstract In current clinical electrophysiology practice, some patients receiving subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) implantation may also require additional intracardiac electronic devices due to disease complexity or therapeutic needs. However, there remains a relative lack of domestic reports on the combined use of S-ICD with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and cardiac contractility modulation (CCM). This study retrospectively summarizes the clinical course and follow-up outcomes of two patients with advanced heart failure who underwent combined implantation of S-ICD with CRT and CCM. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of a multi-device hybrid strategy in specific clinical scenarios. The results demonstrated favorable technical outcomes, device compatibility, and functional performance, with no significant electromagnetic interference or device conflict. Both patients showed improved cardiac function and clinical symptoms compared to baseline. This hybrid approach offers a viable alternative for patients ineligible for traditional transvenous ICD systems—such as those with limited venous access, high infection risk, or younger age—and expands the potential indications for S-ICD in the context of multi-device therapy. It also emphasizes the clinical value of integrating hybrid device implantation into individualized arrhythmia management strategies.

The bryophytic distribution is common in moist places. The survey revealed that newly and rarely distributed Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta were collected from the Kappath hill Gadag district region of Karnataka state in India. This species was investigated through standard articles and collected several shreds of evidence, later the specimen based on morphology study clarifies that is Riccia atromarginata Levier, which is rarely distributed and even it has not been recorded from India, therefore, the present article introduces, the newly distributed bryophyte or Marchantiophyta, belongs Ricciaceae that is R. atromarginata from India.

A document by PRASHANT KARADAKATTI . Click on the document to view its contents.

jabbrv-ltwa-all.ldf jabbrv-ltwa-en.ldf Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.) thrives in semi-arid and arid environments and is highly adaptable to various abiotic stresses. However, soil salinization significantly threatens productivity, leading to considerable osmotic and ionic stress for these plants. This study investigates the changes in root protein expression and metabolic pathways in response to sodium chloride-induced salt stress through biochemical and proteomics analyses. One-year-old pistachio rootstocks were treated with four different saline water regimes over 100 days, and the total proteins were isolated from these samples. Over 1,600 protein identifiers were detected, with comparative analysis revealing 245 proteins that were more abundant and 190 that were less abundant across three stress levels. Key pathways associated with stress tolerance, such as protein modification, folding, and heat shock protein (HSP) protection, were upregulated. An increase in secondary metabolites played a crucial role in detoxification. As salt stress intensified, the abundance of trafficking proteins increased, enhancing transporter activities. Active signaling pathways were observed at lower stress levels, while structural proteins became more critical at higher stress levels for maintaining cell membrane integrity. This cultivar demonstrated enhanced kinase activities that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, aiding in ion homeostasis and redox balance. The protein interaction network, mapped to orthologous proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealed clusters associated with cytosolic, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism contributing to salinity stress tolerance. The validation of proteomic data was conducted through corresponding changes in transcript levels, marking this study as the first to map root proteomic changes under salt stress in pistachio.