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Rubisco activase (RCA) is the key regulatory enzyme in photosynthetic carbon assimilation that governs the activation state of Rubisco, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in CO 2 fixation. In general, salinity seriously inhibits photosynthesis and yield in glycophytic crops, it paradoxically enhances photosynthetic efficiency in halophytes, such as Suaeda salsa ( S. salsa). However, the potential mechanism still remains unknown. Here, we cloned and characterized the Rubisco activase gene ( SsRCA, 1425 bp) from the euhalophyte S. salsa, which encodes a 475-amino-acid protein. The SsRCA gene expression level and the RCA protein content were increased by 246% and 20%, respectively, under NaCl condition in S. salsa. To investigate the function of SsRCA, we generated SsRCA-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Compared with the wild type (WT), the RCA activity in transgenic lines exhibited 64% higher, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) were elevated by 41%, at the 100 mM NaCl stress conditions. Meanwhile, under NaCl stress, the transgenic plants showed lower Na + and MDA content, enhanced K + and proline accumulation, and reduced oxidative damage compared to WT. These results demonstrated that SsRCA overexpression enhanced the salt tolerance of plants by optimizing Rubisco activation efficiency. Our findings will provide a novel halophyte-derived genetic resource for engineering crops with improved photosynthetic resilience in saline environments.

In this study, four geminal dicationic magnetic ionic liquids (GDMILs) functionalized with heterocycles and magnetic radicals were tailored for efficient tetracyclines (TCs) extraction via aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). The GDMIL-ABS achieved >98% efficiency within 5 minutes under solvent-free conditions, enabled magnetic separation, and maintained performance over five cycles. Phase behavior analysis indicated dependencies on GDMIL structure, temperature, and salt. The developed method was validated, obtaining excellent recoveries (98~103%) and satisfactory sensitivity with limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in the ranges of 3.441~5.231 and 11.47~17.42 μg/L, respectively. Real environmental sample analysis confirmed good accuracy (92~98%) and high enrichment factors ranging from 112 to 229. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed extraction mechanism, demonstrating that the performance was primarily governed by TC-GDMIL binding energy and salting-out effect. This newly proposed GDMIL-ABS provides a simple and eco-friendly approach with significant potential for antibiotics extraction from aqueous solutions.

This research proposal introduces an efficient mathematical scheme for solving the non-linear Boussinesq-Burger's system of equations. The scheme leverages Haar scale-3 wavelets for its development. The study also involves the exploration of numerical problems featuring various source terms. To address the challenges posed by nonlinearity, a quasi-linearization technique is employed. Additionally, analytic formulas for integrals are derived for both cases. By tackling problems with known exact solutions and considering the exact solution with parameter values, the suggested scheme's accuracy is evaluated. The findings indicate that the efficiency of Haar scale-3 surpasses that of Haar scale-2, as confirmed by a comparison with existing literature.

The ESP32-CAM is one of the most widely adopted open-source modules for prototyping embedded vision applications. Since its release in 2019, it has gained popularity among both hobbyists and professional developers due to its affordability, versatility, and integrated wireless capabilities. Despite its widespread use, comprehensive documentation of the performance metrics remains limited. This study addresses this gap by collecting and analyzing over six hours of real-time video streaming logs across all supported resolutions of the OV2640 image sensor, tested under five distinct voltage conditions via an HTTP-based WiFi connection. A long standing bug in the official Arduino ESP32 driver, responsible for inaccurate frame rate logging, was fixed. The resulting analysis includes key performance metrics such as instantaneous and average frame rate, total streamed data, transmission count, and internal chip temperature. The influence of varying power levels was evaluated to assess the reliability of the module.

To address the challenges of identifying unknown attack patterns and ensuring detection security in campus network anomaly traffic detection, this paper proposes FedParallel, a federated learning-based anomaly traffic detection algorithm. The algorithm employs Long Short-Term Memory networks to capture intrinsic temporal dependencies in traffic time-series data, while integrating a Parallel Transformer to model complex global interactions among data points, thereby significantly improving detection accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, a federated learning framework is adopted to exchange anomaly scores and unclassified label information among models, enabling continuous optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the optimized model on the NSL-KDD and CICIDS2017 datasets: AUC-ROC scores reach 96.99% and 97.95%, while AUC-PR scores achieve 97.84% and 96.38%, respectively. Compared to three state-of-the-art models: VTT, 1DCNN-BiLSTM, and GRU-BWFA, the proposed model exhibits significant improvements across all metrics, validating its comprehensive performance advantages and its effectiveness in meeting real-world anomaly traffic detection requirements.

jabbrv-ltwa-all.ldf jabbrv-ltwa-en.ldf The nucleotide-binding, leucine rich repeat, and pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) protein is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser295 in the NACHT domain. This post-translational modification is known to inhibit the enzymatic ATPase activity of NLRP3 and impede inflammasome complex assembly. In this study, modeled structures of unphosphorylated and pSer295-phosphorylated NLRP3-DPYD were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. The outputs showed Ser295 phosphorylation to induce topologic distention of subdomains that comprise the NACHT domain. The relative orientation of important residues within the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) were altered. Notable structural changes were observed for important residues within the Walker B motif that immediately follow pSer295. A favorable electrostatic environment was created for two residues (Lys232 and His522) that interact with ADP. Several other basic residues could establish favourable charge-charge interactions with the dianionic phosphate of pSer295. Arg296 and Glu343 underwent a functional change from negative/stabilizing to positive/destabilizing interaction upon phosphorylation of Ser295. Taken together, the results suggest that local structural transformations within the NBD could have consequences on the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme and suppress nucleotide turnover.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is considered a life-saving technique administered during cardiac arrest. Although the clinical framework of CPR is predominantly standardized globally through organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), the way CPR is performed in various countries varies due to differences in cultures and societies. This paper explores how cultural belief, legal frameworks, societal norms, and healthcare infrastructure influence the approach and procedure of CPR in different countries.

The concept of a Service Level Agreement (SLA), a contractual arrangement between providers and customers, is firmly established in the software engineering field. However, introducing enhanced dynamism to this service contract, in one or more directions to be subsequently specified, constitutes a challenge, an important step for the Computer Engineering community, and, in our case, an anticipated contribution to the fogSLAAntillas (fogSLA) collaborative project. Consequently, this paper seeks to improve the understanding, classification, and articulation of various terminologies associated with dynamic SLAs as they have evolved in the literature. The discussion extends to methodological and practical options for integrating this concept within the fogSLA project framework. On this occasion, we share our experience with dynamic SLA in the context of scheduling pods for a Kubernetes cluster. This survey commences with a literature review and subsequently explores potential research directions applicable to the fogSLA project and to the broader Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing communities. Some of these paths are already well defined but would require community endorsement to attain the status of standards in the future. Therefore, we propose novel ideas and extend beyond a mere survey of the existing literature.

We introduce a novel integral representation for the Touchard polynomials. The notable utility of such rational functions is prominent in combinatorics and computer science. This modest discovery may aid algebraic experiments involving such functions and potential pursuers of the infamous Nested Radical Constant.

With the global rapid expansion of urban and developed areas, an understanding of how species adapt behaviourally and physiologically to changing environments is of ever-increasing importance. Anthropogenic land development is of particular significance to species that traverse long distances in groups, such as migratory birds. Despite the high energetic cost of powered flight, there has been little research into how bird species adapt their flight patterns in response to changes in topography. Notably, there remains a gap in our understanding of how terrain cover impacts the energetic cost of flight. We examined several parameters describing the flight and flock behaviours in three cluster flocks of the Homing pigeon (Columba livia d.), including flap frequency as a proxy for energy expenditure. Each flock was flown repeatedly over a heterogeneous landscape of open, wooded, and urban habitats. We found that the birds adopted significantly slower flight and less dense flocking behaviour when traversing over woodland, whilst flying significantly faster with a lower flap frequency over urban areas. The causes of these trends are not immediately clear, and we discuss a range of potential explanations, including the influence habitat has on the wariness of individuals, and the significance of landmarks and visual noise in aerial navigation.

1) Effective conservation of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) requires accurate occupancy and space use information, especially as passive acoustic monitoring becomes the primary population assessment method. Spotted owls actively vocalize in core use areas during the breeding season, but interpreting acoustic data is complicated by variable detectability—particularly for females—and interference from invasive barred owls (S. varia). 2) Using a dense network of autonomous recording units deployed 0–3 km from known activity centers, we quantified spotted owl vocal activity by sex and context. We additionally analyzed detection patterns from regional monitoring sites overlapping our study area to refine our understanding of detectability. 3) Male four-note calls were detected more frequently and consistently than female calls, and detection rates decreased with barred owl presence. Female calls were infrequent and restricted to the activity center and immediately adjacent areas, especially if nesting. 4) Vocal space use areas were similar in size but smaller than published home ranges, reinforcing that territorial calls represent high-use areas, not full spatial use. Synthesis and applications 5) We propose a detection-based spectrum of weeks with detection for inferring site occupancy that accounts for calling rate, caller sex, and project objectives. Stricter thresholds can minimize false positives in population assessments, while inclusive thresholds reduce false negatives in habitat protection. Our results support nuanced, objective-based thresholds for interpreting spotted owl detections from passive acoustic monitoring. This approach balances accuracy with conservation risk tolerance, demonstrating that suitable habitat extends beyond acoustically inferred territories. By clarifying vocal behavior, this study advances the application of passive acoustic monitoring for habitat management and occupancy estimation amid invasive species pressures and ongoing landscape change.

Objective: To investigate the morbidity associated with assisted vaginal birth (AVB) and an occipito-posterior (OP) fetal head position. Design: Observational study based on secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial and cohort study. Setting: Two university affiliated maternity hospitals in Ireland. Population: A cohort of 1081 nulliparous women at term who experienced AVB. Methods: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Main Outcome Measures: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), fetal acidosis, neonatal trauma, failed AVB leading to caesarean section (CS). Results: Of the 1081 AVBs, a total of 192 (17.8%) had an OP position with 103 of these (53.6%) rotated to occiptio-anterior (OA) prior to AVB and 89 (46.4%) delivered direct OP. AVB completed in a direct OP position compared with OP rotated to OA was associated with an increased risk of PPH (34% vs 15%, adjusted Odds Ratio 2.98; 95% Confidence Interval 1.48 to 6.02), OASI (16% vs 2%, adj OR 19.56;95% CI 4.09 to 93.62) and CS (27% versus 5%, adj OR 7.24; 95% CI 2.63 to 19.93). There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes. The diagnosis of OP was incorrectly assigned in 35 of the 192 cases (18.2%) but did not impact on morbidity outcomes compared to known OP. Conclusions: This study highlights the increased risk of PPH, OASI, and failed AVB when attempting to deliver the baby in a direct OP position rather than rotating to OA. This has important implications for training and guidelines.

Objective: To explore lived healthcare transition experiences of adult females with congenital heart disease (AF-CHD) and to identify their unmet women’s health needs. Design: Qualitative phenomenological inquiry using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Setting: A single academic medical center in the southern United States with a dedicated adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) program. Population: Twenty-four females between 21–30 years old at the time of interview, with childhood diagnosis of congenital heart defects or congenital arrhythmias. Methods: Demographic survey and semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Thematic analysis describing participants’ healthcare transition experiences and their perceptions of unmet women’s health and primary care needs post-transition. Results: Three key themes emerged: (1) Complex Cycles—highlighting menstruation challenges and lack of coordinated gynecologic care; (2) Heartfelt Choices—reflecting uncertainty and risk navigation in reproductive decision-making; (3) Refining Motherhood—exploring motherhood expectations and genetic concerns. Conclusions: Adult females with CHD face unique, evolving healthcare needs that remain unaddressed following transition to adult care. Integrated, sex-aware, and gender-sensitive care models are essential to support this population across the reproductive lifespan.

Objective: To see the levels of non-invasive urine markers, such as 3-bromotyrosine and LTE4, in children with asthma and their associations with different degrees of asthma controls and flare-up. Methods: This was a prospective observational study with case control design where cases were twice in numbers in comparison to controls. The included were children aged between 3 to 15 years diagnosed with asthma, as per the GINA guidelines 2022 through outdoor and indoor services. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians prior to enrolment. The ethical clearance was taken prior to the start of recruitment of the study subjects from the Institute’s Ethical Committee. Quantitative estimation of urinary 3-bromotyrosine and leukotriene E4 levels was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: There were 146 children with various stages of asthma (asthma group), and 73 healthy children (control group). The asthma group exhibited significantly higher levels (p=<0.001) of urinary 3-bromotyrosine (22.35±18.5 ng/mg creatinine) when compared to healthy controls (14.5±11.2 ng/mg creatinine). Urinary 3-bromotyrosine also showed statistically significant (p=0.025) higher levels in children with flare-up (25.14±19.76 ng/mg creatinine) when compared to well-controlled (18.16±15.48 ng/mg creatinine). After controlling symptoms in hospitalized children due to flare-up, there was significant decrease in the levels of urinary 3-bromotyrosine. Similarly, Urinary LTE4 was significant higher (p=<0.001) in children of asthma group (342±151pg/mg creatinine) in comparison to healthy controls (84.5±38.2pg/mg creatinine). There were statistically significant differences of urinary LTE4 levels between well-controlled and flare-up. Urinary LTE4 also decreases after controlling symptoms who were hospitalized due to flare-up. The urinary levels of 3-bromotyrosine and LTE4 were showed similar rising and decreasing pattern across various subgroups of asthma viz well-controlled and flare -up. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between 3-bromotyrosine and LTE4 was r=0.214 with a ‘p’ value of 0.009. The ROC curve of 3-bromotyrosine and LTE4 for predicting flare-ups showed that both are moderately able to predict asthma flare-up. Conclusion: LTE4 and 3-bromotyrosine are non-invasive urinary biomarkers were higher in uncontrolled asthma and flare-up. Both had similar trend of increasing or decreasing in various levels of control of asthma and flare-up. The area under curve was higher for LTE4.

The study of cage compounds, unique polycyclic hydrocarbon architectures, is distinguished by distinctive strain energies and properties. Within this domain, the Etzkron group has achieved the third recorded synthesis, and the first optimized reaction, of pentacyclo[8.4.0.0 3,8 .0 4,14 .0 7,11 ]tetradeca-5,12-diene (4). Achieving the primary objective of this study through an acid-catalyzed rearrangement reaction of cage diene (4), the synthesis of novel constitutionally isomeric compound (7) was serendipitously discovered, with slow conversions (504 hours) and low yields (72% yield with 28% byproduct). Hence, the secondary goal: optimize reaction conditions-varying solvent choice, catalyst type, load, and temperature-to achieve enhanced efficiency. Refining the process with dichloroethane, triflic acid, and Amberlyst 15 at 87°C yielded 71% (7) with 6% byproducts in 5 hours, significantly progressing yield and selectivity. Therefore, a correlation between acidity and consequently byproducts was established, enabling the discovery of protonation being the driving factor of the reaction process. Thus emerged a unique mechanism featuring a nonclassical carbocation intermediate, providing enhanced regioselectivity. Derivatives of compound (7) through quantum computational chemistry show promise as the first chemical agent capable of not only encapsulating catalysts in high-energy systems-its distinctly stable core prevents degradation and the subsequent formation of toxic byproducts-but also generating a fifth of traditional rocket fuel's power while being 1/170th of its molecular weight. With enhanced precision and efficacy crucial to advanced propulsion industries, (7) additionally plays a vital role in the protection of surrounding environments facing catalyst-driven HEDM reactions.

This paper introduces a novel framework that combines traditional centrality measures with eigenvalue spectra and diffusion processes for a more comprehensive analysis of complex networks. While centrality measures such as degree, closeness, and betweenness have been commonly used to assess nodal importance, they provide limited insight into dynamic network behaviors. By incorporating eigenvalue analysis, which evaluates network robustness and connectivity through spectral properties, and diffusion processes that model information flow, this framework offers a deeper understanding of how networks function under dynamic conditions. Applied to synthetic networks, the approach identifies key nodes not only by centrality but also by their role in diffusion dynamics and vulnerability points, offering a multi-dimensional view that traditional methods alone cannot. This integrated analysis enables a more precise identification of critical nodes and potential weaknesses, with implications for improving network resilience in fields ranging from epidemiology to cybersecurity

jabbrv-ltwa-all.ldf jabbrv-ltwa-en.ldf With the aging population and labor shortages, the proportion of labor costs in tomato harvesting is increasing, making the development of tomato harvesting robots imperative. This study developed an integrated tomato bunch harvesting robotic system for cherry tomatoes. A combined cutting and gripping end-effector powered by a single actuator, achieving a cutting success rate of 93.33% and a gripping capacity of 1600 g. A parameterized camera arrangement was employed to match the robotic arm’s field of view, thereby avoiding mutual interference. A tomato bunch and stalk recognition model was constructed based on the YOLOv4 algorithm to enable precise localization of picking points. The proposed tomato bunch–stalk matching method achieved a recall rate of 99.22%, while the fuzzy discrimination method for stalk growth posture attained an accuracy of 97%. Field experiments demonstrated that the system achieved an average harvesting time of 12.23 seconds per tomato bunch and an overall picking success rate of 70.77% in unstructured environments, improving automation and operational efficiency compared to existing solutions. This research offers a solution integrating hardware optimization and perception algorithms for greenhouse harvesting robots, demonstrating potential for commercial application.

Arash Vaghef-Koodehi1,2*1 Nano Science and Nanotechnology Center, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731573153, Iran2 Guilan Province Electricity Distribution Company, Guilan, Rasht, Iran*Corresponding author: a.vaghef@gilanpdc.irAbstractWe present a highly flexible multilayer graphene-based Schottky photodetector optimized for photovoltaic applications with exceptional mechanical stability, ultra-wide spectral responsivity (300-2500 nm), and high sensitivity (0.87 A/W at 600-700 nm wavelength range). By integrating a precisely controlled multilayer graphene structure (3-5 layers) with an optimized waveguide design on a flexible polyimide substrate, we demonstrate a photodetection mechanism that maintains performance even under severe bending conditions (radii as small as 5 mm with over 10,000 bending cycles). The mechanical flexibility is characterized through comprehensive strain analysis showing less than 4% responsivity degradation under extreme deformation. Unlike conventional rigid photodetectors, our device exhibits actively tunable photonic and electrical characteristics through gate voltage modulation, allowing for spectral sensitivity optimization across the solar spectrum. Through epsilon-near-zero condition engineering, the graphene-based photodetector achieves enhanced responsivity of 1.76 A/W at telecommunication wavelengths. The unique combination of high quantum efficiency (>70%), ultralow dark current (10-15 A), and remarkable mechanical flexibility enables applications in curved surfaces, wearable photovoltaics, and next-generation solar cells with enhanced harvesting capabilities. Computational modeling and experimental verification confirm the superior performance metrics compared to existing flexible photovoltaic technologies, with significantly improved energy harvesting efficiency under variable illumination conditions and mechanical states. This technology demonstrates a path forward for integrating high-performance photodetection with structural adaptability for diverse photovoltaic applications.Keywords: Flexible Graphene Photodetector, Multilayer Graphene, Schottky Junction, Broadband Spectral Responsivity, Mechanical Stability, Wearable Photovoltaics1. IntroductionThe photovoltaic industry faces critical challenges in adapting to varied installation environments, including non-planar surfaces, mobility requirements, and integration with existing infrastructure [1,2]. Conventional silicon-based solar cells, while efficient, lack the mechanical flexibility required for these emerging applications [3]. Graphene, with its remarkable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, offers a promising platform for addressing these limitations [4,5].Recent advances in graphene-based optoelectronic devices have demonstrated their potential for photodetection [6,7], but challenges remain in optimizing these devices for practical photovoltaic applications, particularly regarding flexibility, broad spectral response, and stability under mechanical strain [8]. While several studies have explored graphene photodetectors for optical communication applications [9,10], their adaptation for solar energy harvesting under varying mechanical conditions remains underexplored.Vaghef-Koodehi et al. [45,46] have previously demonstrated the potential of graphene-InP Schottky photodetectors for telecommunication wavelengths, showing high responsivity through careful waveguide integration. Building on this foundation, we have developed a novel flexible platform that extends these capabilities to a much broader spectral range while introducing exceptional mechanical flexibility.In this paper, we present a novel flexible photodetector based on a multilayer graphene Schottky junction that maintains exceptional performance under mechanical deformation. The device leverages the unique properties of graphene, including its mechanical flexibility, tunable optical absorption, and carrier dynamics, to create a photodetection platform specifically optimized for solar energy harvesting across diverse installation environments.2. Structure and Mechanism of Operation2.1. Device Architecture and FabricationThe photodetector employs a multi-layered structure (Fig. 1) consisting of:A flexible polyimide substrate (25 μm thickness) providing mechanical support and flexibilityA waveguide structure optimized for light trapping and propagationA trilayer graphene film serving as the active photodetection mediumMetal contacts (Ti/Au) for electrical connectionsA transparent top encapsulation layer protecting against environmental factors

Building upon the Φ ∞ framework introduced in Φ ∞ I: Stabilization of Quantum Structure, this paper demonstrates how classical reality emerges as the entropy-frozen limit of symbolic recursive deformation. I establish the precise mathematical conditions under which symbolic curvature κ(x) = ∂ 2 H/∂ϕ 2 converges to classical geometric curvature, symbolic time t O (n) reduces to Newtonian and relativistic time, and non-commuting symbolic operators collapse into classical observables. The central result is that classical physics represents the κ → 0 limit of recursive stabilization, where the master equation H ϕ Ψ = 0 enforces a unique, deterministic reality through entropy minimization at the universal fixed point Φ ∞ .

Successful Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Chronic Mitral Regurgitation Following Papillary Muscle Rupture

Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in a Young Alcoholic, Seemingly Immunocompetent Host: A Case ReportKumail Khandwala, FCPS, FRCR1, Hiba Sawliha Syed, MBBS2, Shayan Sirat Maheen Anwar, FCPS, EDIR3, Sehar Suleman, MBBS4, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, MBBS5Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: kumail.khandwala@gmail.comDepartment of Radiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: hiba.sawliha@aku.eduDepartment of Radiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: shayan.anwar@aku.eduDepartment of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: sehar.suleman@aku.eduFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, 11111, Email: khabab9722@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321

IntroductionSitus Inversus Totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition characterized by the transposition of thoracoabdominal organs, resulting in a mirror image of normal anatomical structures. Consequently, it is often referred to as a ’mirror-image person.’ This congenital abnormality may partially or completely affect either thoracic or abdominal organs. The incidence rate is approximately 1:5,000 to 1:20,0001,2.The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed by Mouret3 in 1987 in Lyon, France. With advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard procedure for gallstones. Recently, we encountered a patient with SIT, diagnosed with multiple gallbladder stones and cholecystitis, who was successfully treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.There are three primary objectives for sharing this case:  First, the atypical localization of pain resulting from altered anatomy in SIT may delay the diagnosis of symptomatic gallstones. Second, surgeons may need to adapt their surgical incisions and techniques due to the reversed positioning of organs, which can create challenges associated with unexpected vascular anomalies and the absence of standardized management strategies. Third, the use of absorbable sutures for ligating the cystic duct and cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with SIT is entirely safe and feasible. However, it imposes specific requirements on the surgeon.

TITLE: Decompensated Liver Disease: An Unusual Manifestation of Constrictive Pericarditis in a Young ChildFIRST AND CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:Dr Naman JainJunior Resident, Department of PaediatricsEmail: 97naman.jain@gmail.comMob: 8295440504SECOND AUTHORDr Ritika SinghJunior Resident, Department of PaediatricsEmail: ritika16singh@gmail.comMob: 9810210522THIRD AUTHORDr Kapil BhallaProfessor, Department of PaediatricsEmail: kapil_bhalla@yahoo.comMob: 9813743565Conflict of interest: noneSponsorship: noneTotal pages : 12Word count: 1492Total figures: 2Total tables: 1Ethical statement: I am submitting a case report titled ‘Decompensated Liver Disease: An Unusual Manifestation of Constrictive Pericarditis in a Young Child’ in your esteemed journal. I propose that this case report has not been published/being considered for publication elsewhere. Informed written consent from the parents/caregivers has been taken.Author’s contribution: Dr Naman, conceptualised the case, gathered the clinical data, performed literature review and drafted the manuscript. Dr Ritika, assisted in diagnosis and treatment and contributed to manuscript writing and critical revision. Dr Kapil Bhalla, our mentor, provided clinical supervision, reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version.Acknowledgements: We would like to thank our institute, our Dr Kapil Bhalla, and patient and her family for their contribution to the diagnosis and management of this case. We are especially grateful to the patient and their family for consenting to the publication of this case and helping advance medical knowledge.Consent : We, the authors, certify that we have obtained all appropriate, informed written parental consent prior to publication. The parents have given their written informed consent for images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The parents understand that their or their child’s names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.