This article develops a variational formulation for modeling a protium hydrogen molecular ionization obtained through a high temperature scalar field and an appropriate electric one action. The results are based on standard tools of calculus of variations and optimization theory. Finally, we highlight the context here addressed is essentially an Euler-Bernoullian one and includes the establishment of a new approximate Bernoulli-interacting-gas type equation.

The benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in COVID-19 in clinical trials has been inconsistent. Results suggested that benefit of IVIG in COVID-19 may have been greatest with early use in non-elderly patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IVIG never materialized as mainstream treatment standard during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our healthcare system’s experience with using IVIG during the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe IVIG may have been a missed opportunity in improving outcomes in select patient. We hope that our perspective will foster guidance for future optimal management of viral ARDS, including influenza.

Evidence on the psychometric properties of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire - prenatal version (P-PRFQ) can improve the assessment of prenatal parental reflective functioning (PRF). We analyzed the psychometric properties of the P-PRFQ Portuguese version in expectant mothers, specifically (1) factor structure and measurement invariance, (2) reliability, (3) criterion (known groups, convergent validity), and (4) predictive validity. Expectant mothers ( n=389) completed the P-PRFQ at the third pregnancy trimester, and self-reported questionnaires on sociodemographic, obstetric-fetal, mental health-related characteristics, romantic attachment, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. A subsample also completed self-reported measures of PRF and mother-infant bonding difficulties in the postpartum ( n=163). Results supported a three-factor model: opacity of mental states, reflecting on the fetus-child mental states, and dynamic nature of the mental states. Measurement invariance was found across sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega for the P-PRFQ total score were .63. Known-group validity was established according to sociodemographic, obstetric, and mental health-related characteristics. Convergent validity was found with romantic attachment-related anxiety, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and potentially traumatic lifetime events. Predictive validity was found with mother-infant bonding difficulties and PRF at 2 months postpartum. P-PRFQ can be a useful measure to identify PRF difficulties in perinatal care settings.

A 6 year old Hanoverian mare was presented with colic, icterus, and severely increased liver enzyme activity and bile acids. Diagnostic imaging revealed sand in the colon and a dilated mesenteric vessel. The patient was refractory to analgesia and was euthanized due to poor prognosis and financial restrictions. Necropsy revealed a dilated and displaced right dorsal colon with compression of the adjacent liver, and histopathology revealed moderate hepatic portal and capsular fibrosis with other changes to the liver, and mild, multifocal astrocytosis with Alzheimer type II cells in the cerebellum. The clinical and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy secondary to compression of the liver by a displaced right dorsal colon.

Background: Lyme arthritis, a well-documented subtype of arthritis in humans and dogs, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and spread primarily through ticks (Ixodes spp.). While Lyme disease in horses is known to cause a variety of clinical signs, its involvement in the development of equine arthritis is controversial. As climate change enables tick populations to expand, more horses could be exposed to B. burgdorferi, therefore a greater understanding of how Lyme disease affects joints is critical to preserve soundness. Objectives: To investigate potential correlations between systemic B. burgdorferi infection and chemokine and cytokine inflammatory marker levels within synovial fluid. Study design: In vivo experiment. Methods: Synovial fluid samples were collected at the start of routine joint injection or immediately prior to surgery and analyzed for chemokine and cytokine levels. Serum samples from each horse were tested for outer surface protein (OSP) markers via Lyme Multiplex. Results: Six of twenty-five enrolled horses (24%) tested positive for at least one Lyme outer surface protein marker (OSP A 0/6; OSP C 2/6, OSP F 6/6; mean age 11.17±6.31 years), and three more horses had an equivocal result (OSP A 0/3; OSP C 1/3, OSP F 3/3; mean age 11.67±2.62 years). While most synovial inflammatory markers showed no statistical difference between systemic, serologic Lyme infection status and presumed arthritic joints (p=0.1261-0.7199) or trauma-associated joints (p=0.4560-0.9999), we observed a noteworthy negative association between CCL2 synovial fluid levels and systemic Lyme status (p=0.0142). Main limitations: Sample size was a primary limitation. Conclusions: The negative association observed between CCL2 synovial fluid levels and systemic Lyme status was also present in arthritic joints of horses with systemic B. burgdorferi infection. Notably, this contrasts with past reports of increased synovial fluid CCL2 levels associated with Lyme arthritis in other species.

Proteolytic cleavage is an irreversible post translational modification (PTM), and dysregulation of protease activity is often a hallmark in disease. Aberrant proteolysis can alter protein abundance or function, disturbing cellular state and resulting in disease specific biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Positional proteomics facilitates global identification and precise quantification of position-specific peptides such as those located N- or C-terminal in the protein sequence. These techniques enable the study of both natural and protease generated protein termini, as well as associated PTMs. Despite its importance, proteolysis remains understudied due to experimental challenges and complex data processing. In this review, we outline key strategies for data analysis and processing in positional proteomics, emphasizing how identification, quantification, and interpretation of proteolytic cleavage sites differs from standard proteomics data analysis pipelines. We discuss differences in common approaches for terminomics-focused workflows, comparing N- vs. C-terminomics as well as different labeling strategies and acquisition methods. Additionally, we highlight considerations for proper normalization approaches, specifically the need to normalize cleavage abundances relative to protein and/or protease abundance, and we explain the importance of integrating structural data, solvent accessibility, and tissue expression profiles during data analysis to better evaluate the biological significance of experimental results.

Background This study aimed to compare the incidence characteristics of peripheral and central-site osteosarcoma (OS) and to explore the impact of different primary sites on the prognosis of patients with OS. Methods Patients diagnosed with OS (1975-2019) were selected from the SEER databases. The different primary sites, diagnosis time and incidence of OS were described statistically. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for clinical characteristics and treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare overall survival and CSS of peripheral and central-site OS before and after matching. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to investigate prognostic factors for CSS in both groups. Results A total of 3,129 patients were included (899/28.73% central-site OS, 2166/69.22% peripheral-site OS, 64/2.05% other-site OS) . After PSM, central-site OS had lower overall survival and CSS than peripheral-site OS (5-year overall survival, 0.415 vs. 0.468; 5-year CSS, 0.454 vs. 0.555). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P=0.010), primary site (P=0.039), historical SEER stage (regional, P=0.012; distant, P＜0.001), histologic grade (grade Ⅲ, P=0.014; grade Ⅳ, P=0.009), surgery (P＜0.001), and radiotherapy (P=0.005) were significant factors for CSS. Subgroup analyses adjusting for these factors showed better CSS in peripheral-site OS patients. Conclusions The incidence of central-site OS is lower than that of peripheral-site OS, while the prognosis of patients with peripheral-site OS is more favorable than that of patients with central-site OS. Surgical intervention is a cornerstone in the management of OS and is effective for both central-site and peripheral-site OS.

Tumours are metabolic diseases, early diagnosis is the key to improving the survival rate of cancer patients. Molecular biomarkers are increasingly being developed and applied in clinical practice as features such as diagnosis and assessment of prognosis. GGT is a common hepatic enzyme, with the exception of the presence of the hydrophilic form in the serum of healthy individuals (<60 U/L), serum GGT is considered to be only an indicator of liver damage caused by hepatocytes as a result of obstructive hepatic and gallbladder diseases, alcohol abuse, and the use of enzyme-inducing drugs. However, GGT is an important membrane bound enzyme that is a marker of oxidative stress and is involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which is a classical antioxidant element against reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oncogenic ROS can promote the expression of GGT through a variety of pathways. Abnormal elevation of GGT activity in tumor tissues and peripheral blood plays an important role in tumor formation, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance[[1, 2]](#ref-0001). GGT is a potential “part-time protein” [[3]](#ref-0003), rospective epidemiologic studies have shown that GGT levels can contribute to the risk assessment of all cause and disease specific mortality in the general population[[4]](#ref-0004). However, the expression pattern and prognostic significance of GGT in solid tumors are still unclear. In this paper, we review and summarize the research on GGT application in tumors, mainly from the aspects of the GGT gene family, GGT mRNA, GGT enzymes, GGT isozymes, GGT fractions, and their clinical significance in tumor diagnosis.

Hydrogen is emerging as a critical energy carrier for a sustainable, low-carbon future. Nigeria, with its abundant renewable energy resources and vast natural gas reserves, is well-positioned to leverage hydrogen for economic diversification and climate change mitigation. This research article assesses Nigeria's technology and policy framework for hydrogen utilization, exploring the country's renewable energy potential, existing technological infrastructure, policy initiatives, and key challenges. Using a qualitative review of literature, government reports, and international studies, the article evaluates the readiness of Nigeria to integrate hydrogen into its energy mix. Findings highlight the promise of green hydrogen production, the need for robust policy frameworks, and the importance of technological advancements. Recommendations are provided to strengthen Nigeria's hydrogen economy, aligning with global energy transition goals and national development priorities.

The rapid evolution of high-speed data communication technologies, particularly in the realm of Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) transceivers, necessitates robust verification methodologies to ensure the reliability and performance of power and clock management systems. Effective management of power states and clock signals is crucial for

In the rapidly evolving landscape of high-speed digital interfaces, the verification of Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) and Reset Domain Crossing (RDC) mechanisms is paramount, particularly in the context of Double Data Rate (DDR) and Peripheral Component

Though many religious groups promote human flourishing, spiritual abuse is a subtle form of harm in religious settings that is difficult to address without objective assessment methods. We introduce spiritual safety, the ability to practice one’s spirituality without coercion, manipulation, or emotional abuse, as an indicator for risk of spiritual abuse. We developed 60 items based on literature and survivor experiences and refined the items across two studies. In Study 1 (n = 331), exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: psychological safety, leadership, and culture. Study 2 (n = 491) confirmed this structure using confirmatory factor analysis and validated a final 20-item scale, the Spiritual Safety Index (SSI). The SSI demonstrated excellent reliability, a strong correlation with individual psychological safety, and moderate negative correlations with PTSD symptomatology and negative religious coping. ANOVA supported scoring groups for healthy, unhealthy, and unsafe categories, offering a tool for assessing safety in religious communities.

This paper introduces the Mass-Energy Condensation (MEC) model, a novel approach to gravitational field behaviour that diverges from Newtonian mechanics and General Relativity. Rather than attributing gravity to spacetime curvature or mass alone, the MEC model treats gravity as a physical field effect driven by mass-energy density and structural compaction. Using publicly available astrophysical data, this study applies power-law regression analysis to identify consistent patterns between mass, radius, and density across a wide range of celestial objects. The findings suggest that gravitational field strength scales with the cube of density (g ∝ ρ³), particularly in post-fusion bodies such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. This nonlinear relationship offers an alternative explanation for intense gravitational phenomena without invoking singularities or curved spacetime. The MEC model has potential implications for understanding stellar evolution, gravitational lensing, cosmic expansion, and galaxy formation. A key advantage of this framework is its classical field interpretation, which may facilitate integration with quantum field theory and simplify astrophysical simulations. The paper outlines future research directions, including simulation-based testing, comparative modelling, and observational analysis of compact objects. By reframing gravity as an emergent, density-gradient-driven field, the MEC model provides a testable and conceptually grounded alternative to current gravitational theories.

Population recovery following environmental stress is known to depend on demographic structure, life-history and evolutionary dynamics. However, it is less understood whether the eco-evolutionary dynamics mediated by sexual selection affect population dynamics and recovery after exposure to environmental stress. Here we manipulated the level of sexual selection associated with male aggression in soil mites in populations of different size. By examining their population dynamics and recovery after heat stress, we show that populations facing strong sexual selection exhibited i) reduced population size and stability, ii) greater decline in response to heat stress in larger populations, iii) higher rate of growth, and iv) incomplete recovery to population sizes prior to heat stress. Such reduced population stability and recovery underlines the importance of sexual selection in mediating population dynamics and resilience to environmental change, and has implications for managing natural populations.

This study aims to utilize the simulation data collected during the design stages of analog and RF Integrated Circuits (ICs), to enable faster functional testing during postsilicon validation. The above approach is demonstrated for an onchip LC-Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) circuit, which was fabricated in a commercially available 180nm RF CMOS process, as a part of a radar-on-chip system. The key idea is to build a Machine Learning (ML) based regression model that learns various correlations between a few internal DC-node voltages (or currents) and performance-metrics of the LC-VCO circuit, using block-level simulation data. During post-silicon ICtesting, this ML-model is then used to predict the tuning-curve of the LC-VCO by measuring the same DC-node data. Finally, preliminary silicon-based measurement results show that the proposed approach holds much promise as the difference between the predicted tuning curves and measured curves is within 5%.

A document by Sunil Bhatta. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Abebaw Agegne Engda. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background:Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) remains a major concern for the equine industry, with recent outbreaks at international equestrian events highlighting the need for improved surveillance during competitions. Objectives:To investigate EHV-1 and -4 presence in shared airspaces and environmental surfaces in direct contact with horses at international equestrian events, and to evaluate air sampling as a surveillance alternative to individual horse testing. Study design:A cross-sectional field study. Methods:Air (37) and surface samples (205) were collected from temporary stabling facilities across six events in Spain and 2 in the U.S. at different seasons over 10 months. Viral DNA (genomic copies) was measured and quantitated by quantitative and digital PCR. During all Spain events, we sampled air twice, early evening vs nighttime. Results:EHV-1 was frequently detected in the air in 20/28 samples in Spain, in all 3 samples from Florida, and in 3/6 samples from Kentucky, U.S. Surface samples were positive 15.6% in Spain, 26.3% in Florida, and 0.0% in Kentucky. EHV-4 was found in air samples at rates of 12/28 in Spain, 5/6 in Kentucky, and 0/3 in Florida, with surface detection of 1.6% in Spain and 7% in Kentucky. No significant differences were observed between daytime (high activity) and nighttime (low activity) airborne viral loads, suggesting that daytime horse movement and management practices had minimal impact on detection levels in our study. A positive correlation (Cohen’s κ= 0.401) and moderate agreement between surface and air positivity for EHV-1 emphasized the potential of air sampling as a non-invasive, cohort-based surveillance tool. Main limitations:The study did not isolate infectious viruses, only molecular detection was employed, which limits conclusions about transmission risk. Conclusions:These findings underscore the utility of air sampling for early EHV-1 detection at mass gatherings, although further validation is needed to connect genomic detection to active shedding and viral infectivity.

Increasingly potent formulations of concentrated cannabis products containing high levels of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are being consumed along with alcohol. This combination is known to acutely impair cognitive and psychomotor abilities, although few if any studies have evaluated alcohol and cannabis co-use using neural measures. This feasibility study explored the acute effects of co-intoxication on behavioral performance and brain activity, measured via electroencephalography (EEG), during a performance monitoring task administered three times over a 4.5-hour period. Participants (N=17, 65% male) were heavy-drinking community members (age M=31.7 years; SD=10.27) who also regularly use cannabis. EEG recordings were made while participants completed a speeded visual-flanker task at baseline (sober) before consuming a standardized dose of alcohol and a cannabis concentrate product, followed by EEG recordings 1-hour (intoxicated) and 4-hours post co-consumption (recovery). Recordings were processed to obtain six event-related potential components: stimulus-locked (N1, P2, N2, P3) and response-locked, error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Repeated Measures ANOVAs revealed that behavioral measures at the intoxicated timepoint showed an increase in errors (p <.005; η 2 = .35) and significant decrease in response time (RT) (p<.001; η 2 p = .50) compared to sober and recovery periods. Measures of brain activity also demonstrated significant change across time with largest amplitudes when sober, smaller amplitudes when intoxicated, then an increase in amplitude to near sober levels at recovery for stimulus-locked components (P2, N2, P3) and response-locked components (ERN and Pe). Thus, compared to sober and recovery periods, the behavior at the intoxicated timepoint revealed significantly greater impulsivity (RT) leading to significantly higher error rates while measures of cognitive processing (i.e., decision-making, error detection, performance monitoring/adaptation) showed significantly diminished levels of brain activity. Performance and neurophysiology measures remained diminished at recovery compared to baseline. Understanding neurocognitive functioning during co-intoxication may provide insights into specific cognitive processes that may impact function in everyday activities such as driving.

This work, Φ ∞ IV, delves into advanced mathematical structures within the Φ ∞ formalism. It commences with an exploration of foundational aspects, including spectral theory of φ-operators, classification of fixed points, analytic properties of φ-series, and cohomological interpretations within the framework. A significant portion of the paper is dedicated to the algebraic quantisation map Q under periodic dynamics φ k = id. Precise bounds on the symbolic curvature κ are established for the extension of Q to a C*-homomorphism, particularly investigating the sharpening of these bounds due to periodicity. This investigation extends from finite-dimensional diagonalizable systems, involving group cohomology, to infinite-dimensional C*-algebraic settings. Obstructions are characterized using KK-theory and the Baum-Connes assembly map. The analysis encompasses non-unitary dynamics, Jordan structures, and connections to Dixmier-Douady theory. The behavior of the quantisation defect near critical bounds is examined, and the implications for continuous spectra and semiclassical limits are discussed. The paper culminates by outlining key open problems and future research directions within the Φ ∞ formalism.

Title: Symmetrical Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthema Following Amoxicillin-Clavulanate in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

1 IntroductionSpinal tuberculosis is a rare condition. The presentation of central nervous system tuberculosis with spinal cord symptoms as the initial manifestation constitutes approximately 0.02‰ of systemic tuberculosis cases and 2‰ of central nervous system tuberculosis cases. This disease typically has an insidious onset and lacks distinct clinical manifestations, which can lead to missed or misdiagnosed cases. However, it is associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Most of the existing literature on tuberculous myelitis is derived from case reports. The pathogenesis of tuberculous myelitis is primarily attributed to the dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from other areas of the body, predominantly the lungs, via the bloodstream, direct infiltration from spinal tuberculosis, or through the pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory exudates associated with tuberculous meningitis. The bacteria spread through the cerebrospinal fluid, leading to damage of the spinal cord. Tuberculous myelitis that originates specifically in spinal cord segments is considerably rarer. The clinical manifestations of this condition vary based on the site of involvement. Most patients ultimately experience paralysis, sensory deficits, and urinary and fecal dysfunction below the level of the spinal cord lesions. In this case, the patient initially presented with low back pain, which was followed by a gradual onset of weakness in both lower limbs and urinary retention. The condition progressed rapidly. At the time of admission, no signs of tuberculosis in other regions of the body were identified, suggesting a greater likelihood of spinal cord origin.Summary： Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a very rare cause of transverse myelitis, especially tuberculous myelitis without meningitis, which is even rarer. Doctors can identify spinal cord tuberculosis early through medical history, physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid examination results, and spinal cord MRI results, and treat it early, so that patients can have a better prognosis.

Background: Malignancy is a major complication in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID), yet data regarding its frequency in Iran are scarce. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of malignancies among patients with PID in a single center in northeastern Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 patients with PID registered at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between 2015 and 2022. Demographic data, type of immunodeficiency, consanguinity, malignancy type, clinical course, chemotherapy, complications, and mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 145 patients, 8 (5.5%) developed malignancy. Among them, 7 (87.5%) had lymphoma—primarily non-Hodgkin lymphoma—while 1 (12.5%) had a brain tumor. Four patients (50%) had immunoglobulin-related PID. Chemotherapy complications included thrombocytopenia, petechiae, mucosal candidiasis, and systemic symptoms. Parental consanguinity was reported in 7 patients (87.5%). The majority of malignancy cases (62%) occurred in female patients. The mean age of patients with malignancy was 12.87 years. Conclusion: The frequency of malignancy, particularly lymphoma, was high in patients with primary immunodeficiency. A strong association was observed between malignancy and immunoglobulin-related PID, female sex, and parental consanguinity. These findings highlight the importance of early detection, regular screening, and long-term follow-up in PID patients to improve malignancy-related outcomes.

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol with intramuscular tramadol hydrochloride as intrapartum analgesia in primigravida women during the active phase of labour. Design Prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Setting Labour ward of a tertiary care hospital in India. Population or Sample Primigravida women aged 18–30 years with term, singleton, vertex pregnancies in spontaneous active labour, meeting strict inclusion criteria. Methods A total of 9,945 women were randomised into two groups: Group 1 received 1000 mg intravenous paracetamol; Group 2 received 100 mg intramuscular tramadol. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline, 10 minutes, and one hour post-intervention. Labour outcomes, maternal side effects, and neonatal parameters were recorded and analysed. Main Outcome Measures Reduction in VAS pain scores, duration and mode of delivery, maternal side effects, Apgar scores, neonatal respiratory status, and NICU admissions. Results Both medications effectively reduced labour pain. At one hour, the tramadol group showed significantly greater pain relief (VAS 4.70 ± 0.86 vs. 5.02 ± 0.78; p = 0.0063). However, the paracetamol group experienced fewer side effects, including significantly less vomiting (10% vs. 23%; p = 0.0222), and had better neonatal outcomes. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly higher in the paracetamol group ( p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), with fewer cases of neonatal respiratory depression. Conclusions Intravenous paracetamol is a safe, effective, and accessible alternative to tramadol for labour analgesia, especially suited to low-resource settings due to its ease of use and favourable safety profile. Funding No funding was received for this study. Trial Registration Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI/2018/06/014589) Keywords Paracetamol, Tramadol, Labour analgesia, Intrapartum pain, Randomised controlled trial, Low-resource settings