Evaluation and improvement of Type III resistance (lower mycotoxin accumulation) is an integral part in developing wheat varieties with resistance to Fusarium Head Blight. Therefore, application of novel tools is necessary to increase selection accuracy and intensity. Here, we explored the application of phenomic prediction using hyperspectral imaging in predicting Deoxynivalenol (DON) content in soft winter wheat kernels. In all Bayesian prediction models used, phenomic prediction recorded higher accuracy (0.63-0.67) than genomic prediction (0.55-0.60). Following this, we proceeded to use the trained prediction models: Bayes C, Bayesian Ridge Regression, and Bayesian LASSO in a testing set of F4:5 breeding lines. Selection was carried out using Unsupervised K-Means Clustering. A large proportion of F4:5 breeding lines predicted to have low DON content were also observed to have low GC/MS-derived DON content. The results of this study revealed the potential application of hyperspectral imaging in predicting Deoxynivalenol accumulation in soft winter wheat kernels with increased selection intensity.

Decision support systems in the field of supply chain management require novel approaches due to the uncertainties and dynamic environments. This study suggests a fuzzy supply chain model with learning effect that is enhanced by evolutionary algorithms in order to improve decision-making and increase flexibility. Fuzzy logic is integrated to capture uncertainty, while evolutionary algorithms and learning curves are used to handle the supply chain's dynamic character. To maximize the fuzzy model parameters and enable automatic adaptation and evolution over time, the evolutionary algorithm is presented. The model dynamically adapts to changing situations through the optimization process, which helps to promote more effective and flexible decision-making. In the dynamic landscape of supply chain management, the integration of evolutionary algorithms with fuzzy models and learning curves has shown promise in enhancing decision-making processes. This research investigates and compares the performance of three popular evolutionary algorithms-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-in optimizing a Fuzzy Supply Chain Model with Learning Effect. The objective is to determine which algorithm offers superior adaptability and efficiency for addressing uncertainties and dynamic learning environments.

The Antarctic marginal ice zone is the regularly wave-affected outer band of the sea ice covered Southern Ocean. The ice cover in the marginal ice zone is typically unconsolidated and contains smaller, thinner ice floes than the inner ice pack, which makes it a highly dynamic region and susceptible to rapid expansion or contraction. Here, an unsupervised statistical method is used to cluster sea ice data from 2010–2019 simulated by a global sea ice model (CICE6 combined with a waves propagation module), such that it defines a sea ice region with marginal ice zone characteristics. Floe size is shown to be the key variable in classifying the marginal ice zone in the statistical method. The method is shown to give marginal ice zone widths similar to those derived from satellite observations of wave penetration distances, but contrasts with those using the 15–80\% areal sea ice concentration definition, particularly during austral winter. Using the proposed definition, the marginal ice zone is found to undergo a seasonal transition due to new ice formation in winter, increased drift in spring, and increased rates of wave-induced breakup and melting in summer. The study motivates incorporation of wave and floe-scale processes in sea ice models, and the methods are available for application to outputs from high-resolution and coupled sea ice–ocean–wave models for more detailed studies of the marginal ice zone (in both hemispheres).

A document by David Ortega-Paredes. Click on the document to view its contents.

IntroductionInferring generalizable patterns in species dynamics, distributions, and functional variation are central aims of ecology and evolutionary biology (MacArthur, 1972). Trait-based approaches, which quantify phenotypic characteristics that impact organisms’ fitness and/or functional role, provide a tractable comparative framework for understanding communities, ecosystems, and evolutionary processes (Mcgill et al., 2006; Violle et al., 2007). Functional trait studies have proliferated over the past two decades, addressing foundational questions in community ecology (Cadotte et al., 2015; Mcgill et al., 2006; Violle and Jiang, 2009), biogeography (Violle et al., 2014), and conservation biology (Cadotte et al., 2011; Wellnitz and Poff, 2001) across taxonomic groups. These works emphasize the promise of trait-based research for generating novel insights into central ecological concepts and theories.Increasingly, bee researchers are recognizing the utility of trait-based approaches for a wide variety of applications in ecological research. Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) represent more than 20,000 species worldwide and display dramatic interspecific variation in morphology and behavior (Figure 1), including traits that mediate pollination services and responses to global environmental change (Supplementary Table 1). Exploration of functional traits has long been a cornerstone of bee research, yet only recently have these traits been systematically applied in bee ecological studies as a comparative framework for understanding community-level processes. Given their major functional role as the primary animal pollinators of terrestrial ecosystems (Ollerton et al., 2011), the bees represent a group ripe for exploration through a functional ecological lens.Here, we review an emerging body of literature that quantifies functional traits across bee communities to address questions in bee ecology. In doing so, we address the following questions: How have functional traits been used to study bee ecology? What have been the major outcomes and limitations in bee functional trait research? How might this framework be leveraged to address urgent questions in the study of global bee declines? We review the variety of methods used to quantify bee trait variation, highlight common methodological problems and inconsistencies, and recommend best practices. Additionally, we describe geographic, taxonomic, and trait biases across the body of bee functional trait work, and highlight research areas that merit particular attention in future studies. Finally, we emphasize the value of open trait data sharing, and propose a roadmap toward a global bee functional trait database, including an initial aggregated dataset of 3369 morphological measurements from 1209 bee species.

A document by Kamal Acharya. Click on the document to view its contents.

Marine Ecosystem Models (MEMs) are increasingly forced with Earth System Models (ESMs) to better understand marine ecosystem dynamics, and to analyse the effects of alternative management efforts for marine ecosystems under potential scenarios of global change. However, policy and commercial activities typically occur on seasonal-to-decadal time scales, a time span widely used in the global climate modelling community but where the skill level assessments of MEMs are in their infancy. This is mostly due to technical hurdles that prevent the global MEM community from performing large ensemble simulations with which to undergo systematic skill assessments. Here, we developed a novel distributed execution framework constructed of low-tech and freely available technologies to enable the systematic execution and analysis of linked ESM / MEM prediction ensembles. We apply this framework on the seasonal-to-decadal time scale, and assess how retrospective forecast uncertainty in an ensemble of initialised decadal Earth System Model predictions affects a mechanistic and spatiotemporal explicit global MEM. Our results indicate that ESM internal variability has a relatively low impact on the MEM predictability in comparison to the broad assumptions related to reconstructed fisheries. We also observe that the results are also sensitive to the ESM specificities. Our case study warrants further systematic explorations to disentangle the impacts of climate change, fisheries scenarios, MEM internal ecological hypotheses, and ESM variability. Most importantly, our case study demonstrates that a simple and free distributed execution framework has the potential to empower any modelling group with the fundamental capabilities to operationalize marine ecosystem modelling.

This paper provided a comprehensive review of previous research on technologies surrounding gamified Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) and the effects of this amalgamation of Extended Reality (XR) on English language teaching and learning. A total of 138 articles were examined from six perspectives: explore the development of XR technology for use in education, especially English language learning; examine gamification; its theoretical background and the role motivation plays in gamified contexts; investigate if the pedagogical strategies associated with the integration of gamification techniques with XR technologies can improve English language learning; identify the potential benefits and challenges of using AR/VR technologies for teaching English; and detect current research limitations and gaps. It was found that immersing learners into virtual and augmented worlds can improve vocabulary, bridge formal and informal learning, enable interaction and collaborative learning, provide opportunities for situated learning, and reduce anxiety. Overall, gamified AR had a meaningful effect on student learning outcomes. Review implications include the need for: more prepared instructors utilizing XR technology; sufficient theoretical backing, such as frameworks and models; and research that compares traditional approaches and XR technology for teaching English.

This paper provided a comprehensive review of previous research on technologies surrounding gamified Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) and the effects of this amalgamation of Extended Reality (XR) on English language teaching and learning. A total of 138 articles were examined from six perspectives: explore the development of XR technology for use in education, especially English language learning; examine gamification; its theoretical background and the role motivation plays in gamified contexts; investigate if the pedagogical strategies associated with the integration of gamification techniques with XR technologies can improve English language learning; identify the potential benefits and challenges of using AR/VR technologies for teaching English; and detect current research limitations and gaps. It was found that immersing learners into virtual and augmented worlds can improve vocabulary, bridge formal and informal learning, enable interaction and collaborative learning, provide opportunities for situated learning, and reduce anxiety. Overall, gamified AR had a meaningful effect on student learning outcomes. Review implications include the need for: more prepared instructors utilizing XR technology; sufficient theoretical backing, such as frameworks and models; and research that compares traditional approaches and XR technology for teaching English.

The multi-fold theory factually encounters the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture: the AdS(5) space is tangent dual to the multi-fold spacetime. On the other hand, while the derivation of the conventional conjecture involved branes in AdS(5) (+ …), which amounts to physical dual tangency, and key derivations like the Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture, are based on the same model, the conventional AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture can also be understood as a mathematical duality, where the CFT spacetime is not necessarily physically tangent to AdS(5) (+…). It can be justified as a particular case of the holographic principle. Therefore, the paper will revisit, and derive the holographic principle, in a multi-fold universe. As General relativity (GR) encounters multi-folds at Planck scales, the proof applies to GR-based universes. We also debunk the use of Wheeler's bag of gold as a counter example to the holographic principle. Trying to resolve the black hole information paradox, different teams have been able to recover the black hole Page curve, by relying on the replica trick with generalized semi-classical gravitational path integrals, in asymptotic AdS, with arbitrary topologies, including spacetime (Euclidian) wormholes in between replicas, to justifies paths in between the replicas. The approach also relies on the island formula for the von Neuman entropy as fine-grained entropy. One knows that the Page curve had to be recovered one way or another as with the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture, the unitarity of CFTs implies unitarity of gravity. The results, have also been extended to de Sitter asymptotic spacetime. The quantum extremal surface that appears in the process, bounding the island, leads to proposed physical interpretations of a black hole interior, that, in our opinion lead to more confusions than answers. In the multi-fold theory, we have already encountered an equivalent surface, with a much cleaner microscopic interpretation. For this paper, all what matters is that the microscopic interpretation validates the approach of replica tick, wormholes and island. But on the way, the paper discusses the differences between the multi-fold model and the conventional interpretation. A few recent papers reused the approach to study two entangled gravitating universes, with one possibly without gravity. Admittedly, speaking of different universes is a bit of an oxymoron, as a universe embodies everything that is physical. Also, what is between universes, whatever that means, seems even more a red herring, unless if they were to share, or be a (global) embedding or dual tangent space that is physical. Phrased this way, the holographic AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture would be a particular case. The papers also rely on the replica trick, and its wormholes, adding some replica and wormholes swapping entangled universe parts. They recovers sensible, and unitary behaviors as well as the ER = EPR conjecture. This paper provides multi-fold inspired interpretations of the quantum extremal surfaces appearing among the disjoint universes. Interpreting the replica trick, and its wormholes, in both the cases of black holes and entangled disjoint universes, one can see that the role played by the wormholes between different replicas amounts to the multi-fold mechanisms.. This is further reinforced by considerations on global symmetry in the presence of gravity or 1 shmaes.physics@gmail.com Cite as: Stephane H Maes, (2022), "The Replica Trick, Wormholes, Island formula, and Quantum Extremal Surfaces, and How the AdS/CFT Correspondence Conjecture, and Hence the M-theory, Encounters Multi-folds", https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10207057, https:// shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/2022/09/20/the-replica-trick-its-wormholes-islands-and-quantum-extremal-surfaces-and-how-the-ads-cft-correspondence-conjecture-and-hence-them theory encounters -multi-folds/, September 26, 2022, (osf.io/xwf6q/). wormholes. The islands associated to the different entangled universe use cases also imply that, in universes with gravity, entanglement implies gravity effects, which is also known as the E/G conjecture, factual in multi-fold theory. With the (disjoint) AdS/CFT conjecture, this means that it, and therefore the M-theory encounters multi-folds. The multi-fold theory could have predicted such an outcome from the link between the Hilbert Einstein action and superstring action, and the fact that we already had GR encounter multi-folds at Planck scales.

The Arctic is experiencing unprecedented moistening, which is expected to have far-reaching impact on global climate and weather patterns. However, it remains unclear whether this newly-sourced moisture originates locally from ice-free ocean regions or is advected from lower latitudes. In this study, we use water vapour isotope measurements in combination with trajectory-based diagnostics and an isotope-enabled AGCM, to assess seasonal shifts in moisture sources and transport pathways in the Arctic. Continuous measurements of near-surface vapour, δ18O, and δD were performed onboard RV Polarstern during the MOSAiC expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. Combining this isotope dataset with meteorological observations reveals that the spatiotemporal evolution of δ18O mimics changes in local temperature and humidity at synoptic to seasonal time scales, while corresponding d-excess changes suggest a seasonal shift in the origin of moisture. Simulation results from the particle dispersion model FLEXPART support these findings, indicating that summer moisture originates from nearby open ocean, while winter moisture comes from more remote sources with longer residence time over sea-ice. Results from a nudged ECHAM6-wiso simulation also indicate that evaporative processes from the ocean surface reproduce summer sotope values, but are insufficient to explain measured winter isotope values. Our study provides the first isotopic characterization of Central Arctic moisture over the course of an entire year, helping to differentiate the influence of local processes versus large-scale vapour transport on Arctic moistening. Future process-based investigations should focus on assessing the non-equilibrium isotopic fractionation during airmass transformation over sea-ice.

Deep Learning (DL) has proved to be a promising methodology for classification, recognition, prediction and end-to-end tasks. Recently it has proved its high potential in healthcare applications demostrating to be a succesful approach for physiological signals analysis. Therefore, in this paper we survey the lastest scientific research on deep learning in physiological signal data. The purpose of this paper is to indentify the lastest contributions on this field and overview lastest deep learning approaches.

The High-latitude Ionosphere Dynamics for Research Applications (HIDRA) model is part of the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model under development by the Center for Geospace Storms (CGS) NASA DRIVE Science Center. This study employs HIDRA to simulate upflows of H+, He+, O+, and N+ ions, with a particular focus on the relative N+ concentrations, production and loss mechanisms, and thermal upflow drivers as functions of season, solar activity, and magnetospheric convection. The simulation results demonstrate that N+ densities typically exceed He+ densities, N+ densities are typically ~10% O+ densities, and N+ concentrations at quiet-time are approximately 50-100% of N+ concentrations during storm-time. Furthermore, the N+ and O+ upflow fluxes show similar trends with variations in magnetospheric driving. The inclusion of ion-neutral chemical reactions involving metastable atoms is shown to have significant effects on N+ production rates. With this metastable chemistry included, the simulated ion density profiles compare favorably with satellite measurements from Atmosphere Explorer C (AE-C) and Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 6 (OGO-6).

We examined large-amplitude inertia gravity waves (GWs) over Syowa Station, Antarctica, comparing PANSY radar data and ERA5 reanalysis from October 2015 to September 2016. Focusing on large-amplitude events with a large absolute momentum flux (AMF), hodograph analysis was applied to estimate the wave parameters and found that the percentage of these waves with a downward phase velocity increased with altitude. Vertical wavelengths shortened, intrinsic periods lengthened, and horizontal wavelengths became longer with increasing altitude. Southward propagation of GWs was predominant in the stratosphere. Compared to a previous study, the wave parameters’ altitude variation remained consistent, but horizontal and vertical wavelengths were longer in this study. ERA5 underestimated AMF by about 1/5 between 5 and 12.5 km, with a larger underestimation at higher altitudes. The underestimation was related to the power spectra of horizontal and vertical winds, particularly vertical winds. The greater underestimation in the stratosphere might be due to ERA5’s vertical grid spacing and shorter vertical wavelengths of dominant GWs.

Dong Wanga,b,*, Paul C. Struika, Lei Liangb & Xinyou Yina,*a Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlandsb Shanghai Lankuaikei Technology Development Co. Ltd., No. 888 Huanhu West 2nd Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China*Corresponding Authors: Dong Wang (dong.wang@wur.nl; dong.wang@lankuaikei.cn ); Xinyou Yin (xinyou.yin@wur.nl)

Dong Wanga,b, Paul C. Struika, Lei Liangb,* & Xinyou Yina,*a Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlandsb Shanghai Lankuaikei Technology Development Co. Ltd., No. 888 Huanhu West 2nd Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China*Corresponding AuthorsE-mail address: xinyou.yin@wur.nl, lei.liang@lankuaikei.cn

We showcase steps in prototyping and programming TRITON, a system for real-time telemetry in oceans using Internet of Things and LoRa. TRITON encompasses tags and receiver antennas (solar powered and electrically powered gateways).

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts a variety of cognitive and behavioral domains. While a genetic component of ASD has been well-established, none of the numerous syndromic genes identified in humans accounts for more than 1% of the clinical patients. Due to this large number of target genes, numerous mouse models of the disorder have been generated. However, the focus on distinct brain circuits, behavioral phenotypes and diverse experimental approaches has made it difficult to synthesize the overwhelming number of model animal studies into concrete throughlines that connect the data across levels of investigation. Here we chose to focus on one circuit, the hippocampus, and one hypothesis, a shift in excitatory/inhibitory balance, to examine, from the level of the tripartite synapse up to the level of in vivo circuit activity, the key commonalities across disparate models that can illustrate a path towards a better mechanistic understanding of ASD’s impact on hippocampal circuit function.

Subtitle: A word of caution in the use of Impella in patients with cardiogenic shockAuthor: Mohammad Reza Movahed, MD, PhD 1,2,3University of Arizona Tucson1 University of Arizona Phoenix2Correspondent:M Reza Movahed, MD, PhD, FACP, FACC, FSCAI, FCCPClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona, TucsonClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix1501 No Campbell AvenTucson, AZ 85724Tel: 949 400 0091Email: rmova@aol.comConflict of interest: NoneKeywords: Acute coronary syndrome; cardiogenic shock; shock; cardiac assist device; IABP; cardiac support; congestive heart failure; device use; myocardial infarction; ImpellaWith great interest, I read the manuscript entitled “Comparative Effectiveness of Percutaneous Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device (MCS)  vs Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump or No Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock” in JAMA Cardiology. (1) They found that the adjusted 30-day mortality risk post-PCI was 41.3% in the IABP cohort which was 11.4% lower than with the use of MCS and was similar to no device et al (difference IABP vs no device 3.1%). Their findings were consistent even though they adjusted for every possible confounding factor.    They also avoided acceptance that mortality was much lower in the IABP cohort in comparison to MCS and was similar to any device use despite the fact that most patients treated with IABP are much sicker and if IABP had no positive effect on mortality, higher mortality suggesting a positive effect of IABP on mortality in their patients with cardiogenic shock.  We published a preprint paper (2) pending peer review publication by analyzing over 844,020 patients with all types of cardiogenic shocks using the largest available Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. 101,870 were treated with IABP and 39,645 with an Impella. Consistent with their results, we found much higher inpatient mortality rates with Impella use despite adjusting for over 47 confounding factors. Regardless of the severity or any underlying condition, Impella increased mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction-induced cardiogenic shock (AMICS) by approximately 30% whereas IABP reduced mortality by over 30%  regardless of severity or hospital type. The benefit of IABP was also consistent regardless of comorbidities and also was highly significant in comparison to no device in all subgroup cohorts. Two meta-analyses of Impella trials showed worse outcomes using Impella in patients with AMICS. (3,4) Finally, using the NIS database, patients with AMICS showed significantly higher mortality. (5)  Until large randomized trials are conducted, cardiologists need to exert utmost caution in the judiciary use of Impella and utilize it only in selected patients until more safety data are available..

Author: Mohammad Reza Movahed, MD, PhD, FACP, FCCP, FACC, FSCAI1,2,3University of Arizona Tucson1 University of Arizona Phoenix2Correspondent:M Reza Movahed, MD, PhD, FACP, FACC, FSCAI, FCCPClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona, TucsonClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix1501 No Campbell AvenTucson, AZ 85724Tel: 949 400 0091Email: rmova@aol.comConflict of interest: NoneKeywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Wellen EKG; Inverted U waves; anterior myocardial infarction; proximal left anterior ascending artery; acute myocardial infarctionWith great interest, I read the paper about challenges in Electrocardiography entitled “Inverted U Waves—Red Flags in Electrocardiogram” by Shu et al. (1)  Initially, the authors correctly described Wellen’s syndrome (2) that was seen in their patient’s first  EKG consistent with proximal LAD disease. However, they described the second EKG as an Inverted U wave syndrome with reference to Dr. Gerson who described first time this condition. Unfortunately, the authors did not review EKGs that were published under inverted U waves in the literature including original Dr. Gerson’s papers. By reviewing published EKGs under inverted U wave including the referenced Dr. Gerson publication, it can clearly be seen that the so-called inverted U wave is actually a terminally inverted T wave similar to Wellen’s description of Wellen’s EKG as inverted U wave. (3,4) Figures below are showing the original EKG illustration described by Dr. Gerson as inverted U wave syndrome.  The first EKG is from the paper describing an inverted U wave after exercise and the second EKG is from the subsequent paper describing an inverted U wave at rest as a warning sign for proximal LAD lesions:

1. IntroductionMany authors (1) using unjustified Medina Coronary bifurcation lesion classification that unfortunately divides true bifurcation lesions into three unnecessary groups: 111, 101, and 011 as opposed to The Movahed classification summarizing true bifurcation lesions into one simple category called B2 lesions.

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The total number of cardiovascular disease cases nearly doubled from 1990 to 2019 from 271 million to 523 million.1 One of the main treatments for hyperlipidemia and CVD is a reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Multiple drugs are available on the market that reduce LDL-C including statins, proprotein convertase kexin/subtilisin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and ezetimibe. Statins are the most widely prescribed drug in this class. Moderate statin therapy has been shown to reduce LDL-C levels by 30-45%, while high-intensity statin therapy can provide reductions of over 50%.2However, some patients, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), cannot reach target LDL-C goals with statin therapy alone. Both the American Heart Association and the European Atherosclerosis Society recommend ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors as secondary treatments for at-risk patients with insufficient LDL-C reductions.3An alternate approach to cholesterol reduction involves using natural products, which are often less costly than their synthetic counterparts and tend to have fewer side effects. The natural compound berberine (Figure 1) is of particular interest for several reasons. First, it lowers cholesterol via multiple pathways.4–9Furthermore, it attenuates inflammation associated with CVD,10,11 Alzheimer’s disease (AD),12–14 and diabetes15,16 by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is also effective in treating cancer cells17,18. This suggests that it could improve health outcomes for multiple diseases simultaneously.

The process of writing a research paper can be challenging, especially when it comes to conducting a literature review. However, with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, researchers can conduct their research more efficiently than ever before. SciSpace is an AI-powered tool developed to help researchers read various papers and identify gaps in the current literature. This paper delves into a detailed study of critical features of SciSpace, its pros and cons, and a review of its features. This paper aims to identify the relevant literature on the topic "Retracted Publications in Health Sciences" using the literature search tool SciSpace.

Climate change is likely to alter the selective pressures that drive shifts in adaptive variation. For species with long life histories and low dispersion capacities, rapid climate change could impede the migration of beneficial alleles and their ability to track changing environments. Disentangling the processes of adaptive genetic variation in tree species has important implications for conservation and forest management. In this study, we used landscape genomic approaches and phenotypic data from range-wide sampling to investigate the adaptive genetic and phenotypic variation of the oak Quercus longinux, which is endemic in Taiwan. Among 2,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by double-digested restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing from 205 individuals, 35 drought- and freeze-resistance genes exhibited signatures of natural selection driven by various environmental pressures. GradientForest and redundancy analysis showed that these putative adaptive SNPs had elevated associations with climate and soil variations. The proportion of joint effects of demography, geology, and environments was high, indicating covariation of environmental gradients and colonization history. Compared with other populations, Q. longinux var. kuoi, a unique variety limited to southern Taiwan, exhibited substantial phenotypic, ecological, and adaptive divergence. Finally, we used the environmentally associated SNPs to estimate the genetic offset for each individual under different climate change scenarios, which revealed that edge populations in northern and southeastern Taiwan may be threatened by rising temperatures and reallocation of precipitation. Our study shed light on the pattern of environment-driven adaptation and provides prediction for future vulnerability of island oaks in subtropical and tropical regions. Keywordsclimate change, genetic offset, landscape genomics, local adaptation, natural selection, Quercus