Anti-CD20 antibody as Initial therapy for adult-onset minimal change disease with nephrotic syndrome：a case series reportShuang-xi Li MD1, Jing Xu MD1*1Department of nephrology, Changhai Hospital, the Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China;*Correspondence author :Jing Xu, Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Rd，Shanghai, China; 200433. E-mail: xujing_802@163.comAbbreviations : MCD：minimal change disease；NS: nephrotic syndrome; CyC: cyclophosphamide; Cys: cyclosporine; TAC: tacrolimus; RTX: rituximab; OTZ: obinutuzumab; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; ALB: albumin; TG: tolal cholesterol; TC: triglycerides; WBC: white blood cell；Scr: serum creatinine; PR: partial remission; CR:complete remission; AE:adverse eventsKeywords : minimal change disease; CD20; nephrotic syndrome; rituximab; obinutuzumab

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A case of Fahr’s disease was referred to as multiple sclerosis with vertigo.Reyhaneh Montazeri-Shatouria, Sanaz Khodadadia, Abdorreza Naser MoghadasiaMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Successful Thrombolytic Therapy for Floating Aortic Arch Thrombus in a Patient with Essential Thrombocytosis: A Case Report

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Hepatic Lenticular Degeneration with Renal Tumors: A Case SeriesHaibing Xiao 1,2,3 #, Mintian Fei1,2,3 #, Haoqiang Shi1,2,3 #, Xinfeng Ma4, Qili Xu1,2,3, Yu Gao1,2,3, Cheng Yang1,2,3, Yu Yin5*, Jun Zhou 1,2,3 *, Chaozhao Liang 1,2,3 *1. Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China2. Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China3. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China4. Affiliated Hospital of Institute of Neurology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.5. Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.

Successful Endoscopic Management of Nasal Septum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Following Induction Chemotherapy with Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Cetuximab: A Case ReportTeru Ebihara1, Naohiro Takeshita1, Kazuhiro Omura1,2, Nei Fukasawa3, Masato Nagaoka1, Nobuyoshi Otori1

Background It is unclear whether iron levels affect BKPyV reactivation after kidney transplantation. Our goal is to analyze the relationship between preoperative iron levels in kidney transplant recipients and postoperative BK virus reactivation. Additionally, we aim to develop and validate a personalized prediction model for BK virus reactivation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between preoperative iron levels and BK virus reactivation in 626 kidney transplant recipients. The cohort was randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort in a 2:1 ratio. Independent risk factors associated with BK virus reactivation were identified in the training cohort using COX proportional hazards regression. Based on the analysis results, a nomogram was constructed to develop individualized risk prediction models for BK viremia and BK virus nephropathy. Results Among the 626 kidney transplant recipients, 38 cases (6.1%) of BK viremia and 18 cases (2.9%) of BK virus nephropathy were diagnosed. Univariate analysis revealed that UIBC, TIBC, and TSAT were associated with the occurrence of BK viremia and BKPyVAN. In the training cohort, multivariate analysis showed that preoperative TSAT was an independent risk factor for BK viremia (1.03 [1.01-1.05], P=0.009) and BK virus nephropathy (1.05 [1.01-1.09], P=0.011). The C-index for the nomogram model predicting BK viremia and BK virus nephropathy after kidney transplantation was 0.77 and 0.82 in the training cohort, and 0.88 and 0.92 in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative transferrin saturation levels in kidney transplant recipients are closely associated with the reactivation and progression of BK virus after transplantation.

Nitrogen (N) application can improve drought tolerance and water use efficiency (WUE) in crops. Previous studies have shown that aerated irrigation improves crop N absorption and utilization. However, the mechanisms behind the interaction of water and N under aerated drip irrigation and its impact on crop WUE remain unclear. This study conducted a two-year greenhouse experiment with spring-summer and autumn-winter tomato crops to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on leaf carbon (C) and N content, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield, and WUE. The experiment included three irrigation levels (W1, 50% ET c; W2, 75% ET c; W3, 100% ET c) and three N application rates (N1, 0 kg ha –1; N2, 150 kg ha –1; N3, 250 kg ha –1). The results showed that increased N application and irrigation levels significantly increased leaf C and N content, net photosynthetic rate (P n), and stomatal conductance (G s) ( P < 0.05). Under deficit irrigation, N application increased leaf C content by 2.17% and N content by 9.34%, improving leaf photosynthetic capacity and increasing P n by 15.57% and G s by 19.32%. The W2 treatment demonstrated the most pronounced improvements compared to W1. The W3N3 treatment produced the highest dry matter accumulation for both tomato types, with no significant difference from W2N3 ( P > 0.05). The W2N3 treatment produced the highest yield, 8.67–9.13% higher than W3N3. The highest WUE occurred in W2N3 for spring–summer tomato and W1N3 for autumn–winter tomato. Although W1N3 had 1.02% higher WUE than W2N3, it had a 15.25% lower yield. Thus, W2N3 is recommended as the optimal water–nitrogen management strategy for greenhouse tomato production. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf C and N contents positively correlated with P n, dry matter accumulation, and yield, while the leaf ratio of C and N (C/N) negatively correlated with WUE, suggesting that leaf C and N contents regulate tomato WUE. N application under deficit irrigation enhanced leaf C and N contents, improving photosynthetic capacity (P n, G s), dry matter accumulation, yield, and WUE. Regression models suggest that the optimal water and N application rates for greenhouse tomatoes are 192.30–225.67 mm and 205.93–243.43 kg ha -1 for spring-summer tomato, and 162.00–181.18 mm and 194.98–237.73 kg ha -1 and for autumn-winter tomato crops. These findings provide a theoretical basis for water-efficient agricultural practices and sustainable greenhouse tomato production.

Changes in biodiversity reflect processes acting at multiple spatial scales, including globally, among habitats and within communities. This complexity makes it difficult to analyse the mechanisms that change biodiversity over time. To resolve this, we propose a novel approach to partition temporal changes in biodiversity into contributions from selection at multiple scales. We apply this approach to study changes in the biodiversity of invertebrate herbivores from a large-scale, plant community experiment. Though the experiment was designed to foster distinct insect communities due to differences in host plants, our approach shows that selection among these treatments was a negligible facet of diversity change. Instead, the dominant source of community dynamics was rapid changes in the relative abundances of individual species. These shifts produced surprisingly small changes in biodiversity. More broadly our work highlights how total change in biodiversity across a biogeographic region can be partitioned into logically distinct mechanisms.

Traditional RFID systems rely on dedicated readers, often expensive and bulky, hindering their widespread deployment. This paper proposes an alternative RFID system that leverages ubiquitous radio sources – Wi-Fi, 5G, Bluetooth, and Zigbee – to replace dedicated readers. Our system employs backscatter communication, where RFID tags modulate reflected signals from these readily available sources to transmit data. We investigate the feasibility and performance of this approach through Matlab simulator. Our results show that 802.11ax at 2.45 GHz exhibits the best Symbol Error Rate (SER), followed by 802.11n at the same frequency. However, 5G, Bluetooth, and Zigbee signals demonstrate lower performance even at high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs). To address this, we introduce error correction coding techniques (BCH and RS) that significantly improve communication reliability. Utilizing these codes, our system achieves a communication range of up to 1 meter. This finding highlights the potential of ubiquitous radio sources as a viable alternative to dedicated RFID readers, opening doors for various applications.

Objectives Hematological toxicities are a common sequela of radiation therapy (RT), and pelvic RT is of particular concern as the pelvic marrow contributes nearly 50% of total body hematopoiesis. This study aims to evaluate the impact of pelvic RT on hematological toxicities in pediatric patients with pelvic genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (GU-RMS). Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on 488 pediatric patients with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma enrolled in the ARST0531 trial. Of these, 65 had pelvic GU-RMS and received pelvic RT. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of developing cytopenias (anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia) during the study period (weeks 1-43). The analysis adjusted for variables such as age, race, tumor size, and chemotherapy regimen. Outcomes were compared between pelvic GU-RMS patients and non-GU RMS patients. Results GU-RMS patients did not have a significantly higher risk of developing cytopenias compared to non-GU RMS patients. Neutropenia was the most prevalent cytopenia, affecting 79.4% of subjects, with no significant difference between the GU (73.8%) and non-GU (80.4%) groups (OR 0.64,p=0.16). Thrombocytopenia was significantly more common in GU-RMS patients during the first 15 weeks (OR 2.79,p=0.01) of treatment. Febrile neutropenia and infectious complications were comparable between both groups across the study periods. Conclusion Comparable rates of hematological toxicities were observed in pediatric GU and non-GU RMS subjects. Pelvic RT for GU-RMS was associated with an early increase in thrombocytopenia risk, though this difference diminished over time. Further understanding these hematological toxicities is essential for improving the management of pediatric RMS patients.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are ionic layered compounds characterized by anion-containing intermediate regions within positively charged brucite-like layers. LDHs have shown high electrochemical activity in energy conversion systems such as batteries and fuel cells. In this study, we developed a hierarchically porous nanostructure derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67, which was subsequently transformed into an LDH structure with varying Ni concentrations. We precisely controlled the Ni-to-Co ratio within the LDH structure and investigated how different mole fractions of Co and Ni influence catalytic activity and selectivity for the electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR). LDH structures with low Ni content (up to 40%) demonstrated high activity and selectivity for O 2 due to their structural instability and the predominant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) originating from ZIF-67. In contrast, LDHs with high Ni content (over 60%) supressed OER and exhibited enhanced activity for UOR. The resulting hollow structure with an expanded electrochemically active surface in LDHs with high Ni content could improve mass transport and diffusion at the electrode interface, leading to better reaction kinetics and higher current densities. These findings provide a foundational design guideline for metal–organic framework-derived nanostructure in UOR.

Stand structure affects tree efficiency for a competitive use of resources and largely determines stand productivity and carbon stocks. Consequently, research on individual size and differentiation of stand structures is critical for improving monoculture-stand productivity and carbon stock. Here, we studied the effects of four thinning intensities (control: 0%, LIT: 20%, MIT: 30% and HIT: 40%) in an experimental plantation of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, and assessed the individual differentiation characteristics, diameter class-frequency distribution, stand productivity and carbon stocks over 6 years. The results showed that the Gini coefficient decreased with increasing thinning intensity and stand age. Self-thinning of the C. japonica stands occurred even after thinning, it was relatively high when stand were 10-13 years old but did not occur in the 6th year after thinning in treatments T2 and T3. The mean diameter of each treatment increased with increasing stand age, and the normal distribution curve of diameter class frequency gradually shifted to the right, with small changes in the control treatment and the larger one in treatment T3. Thinning increased the large-diameter (DBH ≥ 26 cm) timber, especially in T2, T3 treatments. Stand volume and productivity varied with stand age, with the greatest change in stand volume observed in T3 followed by that in the control treatment. Stand productivity at different thinning intensities generally decreased and then increased with increasing stand age. Although the carbon stock of individual trees and stand increased with time, the individual trees appear the obviously increased trendy with increasing thinning intensity. The results provided important insights into the implications of designing thinning intensity and timing, and determining the tree-size class removal to meet specific management objectives.

Conflicts between individuals of the same species are common in nature and are mostly resolved with limited aggression. Several theoretical studies, such as the Hawk-Dove game model, investigate the evolution of limited aggression expressed during conflicts between individuals. These studies mainly focus on the individuals involved in the conflict and their genes. Recently accumulating evidence indicates that microbes are associated with diverse functions of their host, and can affect host behavior. Here we extend the classic Hawk-Dove game model to include both the hosts and their microbes. We find that non-aggressive host behavior is more likely to evolve and spread in population when induced by the microbes residing in the host, compared to non-aggressive behavior induced by host genes. Our results suggest that microbes may help explain the ubiquity of non-violent conflict resolution. Consequently, factors that alter the microbial composition within hosts may affect the aggressiveness level in host populations.

Visual communication in fish is often shaped by the light environment they inhabit, which influences both sensory (e.g., eye size, opsin gene expression) and signaling traits (e.g., body reflectance). This study explores the phenotypic variation in the visual communication traits of six species of centrarchids (Centrarchidae) inhabiting two contrasting light environments. We measured morphological, molecular, and signaling traits to determine their variation across photic conditions. Our findings reveal significant interspecific variation in sensory traits but no consistent phenotypic variation between light environments. Centrarchids showed robust visual systems with red-green dichromatic vision, which was largely unaffected by different light habitats. We also found significant molecular evolution in the visual opsin genes, although these changes were not associated with environmental conditions. However, body reflectance displayed species-specific responses to environmental conditions, suggesting that signaling traits may be more flexible than sensory traits. Overall, our results challenge the generality of the current paradigm in visual ecology, which portrays visual systems in fish as highly tunable owing to photic conditions. Our study highlights the potential evolutionary or developmental constraints on centrarchid visual systems and their implications for adaptability to various habitats and novel environmental threats.