not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Obesity has reached critical levels worldwide, driving comorbidities like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. These conditions stem from adiposopathy, a pathological alteration of adipose tissue caused by hypercaloric diets and sedentary lifestyles. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, are limited by side effects, invasiveness, and poor patient compliance, highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies targeting adiposopathy. In this study, we explore a novel magneto-mechanical treatment (MMT) using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce mechanical stress in adipose tissue cells via a low-frequency alternating magnetic field (LF-AMF). We synthesized octahedral Fe3O4 MNPs through thermal decomposition and functionalized them with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and chitosan (CHITO) to enhance biocompatibility. The effects of MMT were evaluated on macrophages and adipocytes—key players in adiposopathy—using a custom-built LF-AMF device operating below 100 Hz. We demonstrate that MMT induces cellular damage in macrophages, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibited cell proliferation and inflammation. In adipocytes, MMT promotes lipolysis, reducing fat storage and restoring physiological differentiation. These results suggest that MMT can modulate adipose tissue composition and function, offering a promising non-invasive approach to treating adiposopathy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and optimize therapeutic application.

The radio physical oscillator model is a three-dimensional autonomous system of first-order ordinary differential equations with a nonlinear but quintic polynomial. This model describes a generator of hard oscillations with coupled to a rechargeable power source and depending on four nonnegative parameters. The Darboux integrability of this system is studied in this research. More particularly, we characterize all the invariant algebraic surfaces and the exponential factors of this system. We show that for any value of parameters the radio physical oscillator system does not admit polynomial, rational and Darboux first integrals through the analysis of its Darboux polynomials and its exponential factors.

Introduction Ventricular pacing at a shorter cycle length to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), termed either as ventricular rate regularisation (VRR) or rate smoothing can avoid the long-short-long sequence caused by PVCs to induce ventricular tachycardias (VTs). However, the risk of inappropriate rate increase by VRR during frequent PVCs in worsening heart failure in patients with CRT-D has not been reported. Methods and results A 72-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation received a CRT-D after atrioventricular nodal ablation. He presented with heart failure and a persistent biventricular (BV) pacing rate of over 100 bpm. Frequent PVCs and non-sustained VT increased and sustained the pacing rate through VRR. Rate amelioration was partially achieved with antiarrhythmic medications and normalised by inactivation of VRR. Conclusion In patients with frequent PVCs, VRR should be avoided to prevent high pacing rate and worsening heart failure even if pacing was biventricularly delivered.

Introduction: The VASCADE MVP venous vascular closure system is used for rapid hemostasis in electrophysiology procedures. Methods and Results: Three pediatric patients who underwent electrophysiology study subsequently developed erythema, swelling, and tenderness of their femoral access site(s) between 5 days and 3 weeks after their procedure. The findings were thought to be secondary to an inflammatory response or infectious response to the VASCADE MVP collagen plugs. One case required removal of the collagen plugs while the other two improved with antibiotic treatment and delayed resorption of the vascular plug. Conclusion: As device-based vascular closure continues to be a favorable option compared to manual compression for electrophysiology studies, it is important to be mindful of potential post-procedural complications such as the described inflammatory or infectious response to the VASCADE MVP collagen plug in pediatric patients.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) presents an autoimmune inflammation process with an expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and interferon [IFN] -γ) leading to increase the expression of aggrecenases and matrix-degrading proteases causing the destruction of disc tissue1,2,3,4. Deterioration of annulus fibrosis ends with formation of protrusion and disc herniation (DH). Prolapsing of nucleus pulposus shrinks the spinal canal leading to the secondary stenosis and spinal nerve compression. In this condition the inflammation process spreads around tissue and nerve. Beside the compression, inflamed spinal nerve will be pain generator per se with demonstration of motor deficit. Sometimes vertebrae’s listesis leads to foraminal stenosis and spinal nerve compression or ligament stretching being the main cause of the pain. Also, an inborn spinal canal stenosis worsens DDD symptoms and increases the probability of the surgery. The development of denervation process without reinnervation disables any conservative treatment tactics. Perhaps in the early stages of DDD the cellular therapy adding bioactive substances will have any opportunity to stop degeneration and, maybe, stimulate some regeneration, but never prevents from development of DH under abnormal biomechanical conditions. Several scientific works have been carried out related to Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection inside the disc9,10,11,12, but none has been reported about PRP injection or other cellular therapy at late stage. In this case report, two patients with sciatica and peripheral paresis due to DH, spinal canal stenosis and spinal nerve inflammation have been reported being saved from surgical intervention after local PRP injection.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Pasteurella canis acute osteomyelitis following dog bite

Sarcoidosis with Löfgren’s syndrome mimicking pulmonary malignancy: A Case reportMin Li1 | Jiaqingzi Hu211 Min Li and Jiaqingzi Hu should be considered joint first author| Chao Liu1| Zhenxu Xia3 | Li Gong1 | Xuefeng Li1| Xuena Zheng41Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China | 2Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China |3Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China |4Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, ChinaCorrespondence: Xuefeng Li(18360727@qq.com) | Xuena Zheng(zhengxuena1984@163.com)

This paper introduces the term Superintelligence as a theoretical framework detailing the recursive, a bidirectional event of human cognition, positing Superintelligence as an emergent, recursive structure that mirrors universal dynamics. Building upon this, we propose a novel theory of dark energy linked to black hole dynamics: black holes metabolize antimatter, absorbing matter-energy from the universe and releasing energy that manifests as dark energy, thereby driving cosmic expansion. This recursive cosmological model integrates current astrophysical observations with novel interpretations of matter-antimatter asymmetry, black hole physics, and energy conservation laws, offering a fresh hypothesis for the origin of dark energy and the fate of the universe.

Antibody-Targeted Microbubbles for Gram-Negative Efflux Inhibition: A Conceptual Theranostic PlatformMaxwel Adriano AbeggInstitute of Exact Sciences and Technology (ICET), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil Email: maxabegg@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-0328-1122AbstractGram-negative bacteria possess sophisticated defense systems, notably outer membrane efflux pumps such as AcrAB–TolC, which expel antibiotics and contribute to multidrug resistance. We propose a conceptual theranostic platform that integrates antibody-functionalized microbubbles targeted to bacterial efflux proteins with ultrasound-triggered cavitation. This system enables mechanical poration of bacterial membranes at efflux sites, facilitating antibiotic influx while concurrently serving as a contrast agent for ultrasound imaging. The approach combines targeted delivery, membrane disruption, and diagnostic feedback through contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), offering a new paradigm for localized antimicrobial therapy. This manuscript reviews the mechanistic rationale, supporting evidence, potential challenges, and translational prospects for this integrated strategy.Keywords: Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps, sonoporation, microbubbles, theranostics, ultrasound imaging, antibiotic resistance.1. IntroductionMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Enterobacteriaceae, constitute a critical global health threat (World Health Organization, 2017). These bacteria deploy multifaceted defense systems: impermeable outer membranes (OM), active efflux pumps, and biofilm formation that synergistically obstruct antibiotic penetration and efficacy (Silhavy et al., 2010). Among these, efflux pumps such as AcrAB–TolC are particularly formidable, providing a continuous conduit from cytoplasm to extracellular space, extruding a broad range of antibiotics (Lebeaux et al., 2014). Conventional therapeutic approaches struggle to overcome these barriers. Recent advances in ultrasound-mediated microbubble technology—originally developed for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging—have demonstrated potential in antimicrobial therapy. Sonoporation, the mechanical disruption of membranes via ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation, enhances drug delivery to bacterial cells (Lattwein et al., 2020). We propose leveraging these technologies to develop a theranostic platform: antibody-functionalized microbubbles targeted to efflux proteins, activated by focused ultrasound to physically compromise bacterial defenses while simultaneously providing diagnostic imaging via CEUS.2. Conceptual Framework2.1 Platform ComponentsThe proposed platform integrates:Targeted microbubbles: Gas-filled spheres (~1–4 µm) stabilized by lipid or protein shells and conjugated with antibodies or nanobodies specific to efflux proteins such as TolC.Focused ultrasound: Applied externally to induce microbubble cavitation, generating mechanical forces capable of porating bacterial membranes.Antibiotic delivery: Facilitated either by enhanced permeability to systemically administered drugs or by direct co-loading of antibiotics within microbubble shells.Diagnostic imaging: Using CEUS to localize infection sites, monitor microbubble accumulation, and assess therapeutic response in real time.2.2 Mechanism of ActionUpon administration, targeted microbubbles selectively bind to bacterial efflux proteins exposed on the OM, such as TolC. Focused ultrasound triggers microbubble oscillation and cavitation, producing localized shear forces, microjets, and shockwaves that mechanically disrupt the OM at efflux sites (Zhu et al., 2014). This transient poration enables antibiotic influx, overcoming intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Simultaneously, microbubble destruction generates enhanced ultrasound contrast, enabling real-time visualization of infection sites and therapeutic monitoring through CEUS (Klibanov, 2010; Wilson & Burns, 2010).3. Supporting Evidence3.1 Efflux Proteins as Viable TargetsEfflux complexes like AcrAB–TolC are essential for Gram-negative resistance. TolC, in particular, is immunogenic; anti-TolC antibodies enhance macrophage phagocytosis and bacterial clearance (Silva et al., 2024). Nanobodies have been engineered to bind and stabilize specific membrane protein conformations (Dmitriev et al., 2016), potentially facilitating binding to TolC in its transient semi-open state during efflux activity.3.2 Microbubble-Mediated SonoporationUltrasound-activated microbubbles generate potent mechanical effects at the nanoscale. Zhu et al. (2014) demonstrated that in E. coli , microbubble cavitation produces membrane pores and facilitates drug transport. LuTheryn et al. (2022) reported similar findings in P. aeruginosa biofilms, where nitric-oxide-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound achieved >99% biomass reduction.3.3 Enhanced Antibiotic DeliveryHorsley et al. (2019) showed that ultrasound-activated microbubbles improved gentamicin delivery ~16-fold in a human bladder infection model. In biofilm-associated infections, ultrasound combined with microbubbles and antibiotics reduced bacterial burden by Furthermore, Xiu et al. (2023) utilized catalytic microbubbles in a murine lung infection model, achieving biofilm disruption and therapeutic cure.3.4 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)Clinically, CEUS is already applied to localize infections, delineate abscesses, and monitor therapy, e.g., in pyelonephritis (Boccatonda et al., 2024) and renal abscesses (Pšeničny et al., 2022). The proposed platform extends this capability through molecular targeting of bacterial antigens, enabling theranostic imaging.4. Integrated Theranostic StrategyBy combining targeted microbubble binding, ultrasound-mediated mechanical poration, and CEUS, the platform achieves:Specific targeting: Antibody-guided localization to bacterial efflux proteins.Physical disruption: Focused ultrasound-induced cavitation at the bacterial OM.Enhanced delivery: Facilitated antibiotic entry at otherwise impermeable sites.Real-time monitoring: CEUS imaging for localization and therapeutic assessment.5. Potential Challenges5.1 Targeting SpecificityBroadly conserved antigens (e.g., LPS-core) may result in off-target effects on commensal bacteria. Pathogen-specific virulence factors or dual-targeting strategies incorporating inflammatory markers may improve specificity.5.2 Microbubble Delivery and StabilityMicrobubbles primarily remain intravascular, limiting penetration into poorly vascularized infections. Potential solutions include local injection, use of phase-change nanodroplets, or acoustic radiation force to improve delivery (Reznik et al., 2014).5.3 Ultrasound SafetyWhile cavitation facilitates poration, excessive acoustic energy may damage host tissues. Optimizing ultrasound parameters is critical to maximize bacterial disruption while preserving tissue integrity.5.4 Manufacturing and RegulationDeveloping GMP-grade antibody-functionalized microbubbles presents technical and regulatory challenges. However, the widespread clinical use of CEUS agents provides a feasible starting point.6. Experimental Validation StrategyAn in vitro proof-of-concept includes:Microbubble preparation: Lipid-stabilized, antibody-conjugated microbubbles characterized by size and binding specificity.Bacterial models: Planktonic and biofilm cultures of E. coli and P. aeruginosa .Sonoporation assessment: Using propidium iodide uptake and electron microscopy to visualize membrane disruption.Antibiotic potentiation: Evaluating bacterial killing with sub-inhibitory antibiotics in combination with ultrasound and microbubbles.CEUS imaging: Demonstrating targeted microbubble localization and monitoring sonoporation in real time.Subsequent in vivo studies in murine or porcine infection models will assess therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution, and safety.7. Comparative AdvantagesCompared to phage therapy, nanoparticle delivery, or anti-biofilm agents, this platform uniquely integrates:Mechanical poration via ultrasound.Molecular targeting through antibody-functionalized microbubbles.Real-time imaging via CEUS.Potential for broad-spectrum application across multiple Gram-negative pathogens.8. Future DirectionsRefinement of targeting ligands for enhanced specificity.Exploration of co-delivery with phages or immunomodulators.Development of standardized clinical kits integrating microbubbles and ultrasound presets.Expansion to other pathogens and infection types.9. ConclusionThis conceptual theranostic platform offers a novel solution to the challenge of treating MDR Gram-negative infections. By focusing cavitation-induced mechanical forces at bacterial efflux sites, the system enhances antibiotic permeability and efficacy. Simultaneously, CEUS provides diagnostic imaging and treatment monitoring. Integrating established technologies in a new configuration, this strategy aligns with precision medicine paradigms and holds promise for improving outcomes in difficult-to-treat infections.Conflict of Interest StatementThe author declares no conflicts of interest regarding this manuscript.Funding StatementThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Data Availability StatementNo experimental datasets were generated or analyzed during this study, as it represents a conceptual framework proposal.Author ContributionMAA conceived the conceptual framework, prepared and wrote the manuscript, critically revised the content, and approved the final version for submission.Ethical StatementNot applicable, as the manuscript does not involve human or animal research.Author’s NoteThe author utilized ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI, for assistance in refining the manuscript’s language. All conceptual ideas and interpretations are original contributions of the author.ReferencesBoccatonda, A., Stupia, R., & Serra, C. (2024). Ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pyelonephritis: a narrative review.World Journal of Nephrology , 13(3), 98300. Dmitriev, O. Y., Lutsenko, S., & Muyldermans, S. (2016). Nanobodies as Probes for Protein Dynamics in Vitro and in Cells. J Biol Chem , 291(8), 3767-75. Dong, Y., et al. (2018). Synergistic antibacterial effect of ultrasound microbubbles combined with antibiotics on Escherichia coli biofilm. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry , 40, 263–269. Horsley, H., et al. (2019). Ultrasound-activated microbubbles as a novelintracellular drug delivery system for urinary tract infection.J Control Release , 301, 166-175. Klibanov, A. L. (2010). Targeted microbubbles: Ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging and therapy. J Nucl Med , 51(3), 433–436. Lattwein, K. R., et al. (2020). Sonobactericide: An emerging treatment strategy for bacterial infections. Ultrasound Med Biol , 46(2), 193–215. Lebeaux, D., Ghigo, J. M., & Beloin, C. (2014). Biofilm-related infections. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev , 78(3), 510–543. LuTheryn, G., et al. (2022). Bactericidal effects of ultrasound-responsive nitric oxide microbubbles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol , 12, 956808. Pšeničny, E., et al. (2022). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection and follow-up of focal renal infections in children. Br J Radiol , 95(1140), 20220290. Reznik, N., et al. (2014). The versatility of phase-change perfluorocarbon droplets for ultrasound theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev , 72, 132–144. Silva, T. O., et al. (2024). The Escherichia coli TolC efflux pump protein is immunogenic and elicits protective antibodies. J Leukoc Biol , 116(6), 1398-1411. Silhavy, T. J., et al. (2010). The bacterial cell envelope. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol , 2(5), a000414. Wilson, S. R., & Burns, P. N. (2010). Microbubble-enhanced US in body imaging. Radiology , 257(1), 24–39. World Health Organization. (2017). WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Xiu, W., et al. (2023). Ultrasound-responsive catalytic microbubbles enhance biofilm elimination and immune activation to treat chronic lung infections. Sci Adv , 9(4), eade5446. Zhu, H. X., et al. (2014). Microbubble-mediated ultrasound enhances the lethal effect of gentamicin on planktonic Escherichia coli .Biomed Res Int , 2014, 142168.

This paper will discuss and give some results on direct generalizations of mathematical lattices (discrete, periodic subgroups of an n-dimensional space), which we will call "overpacked lattices", and introduce a new method of classifying these lattices.

CAR-T y CRISPR/Cas9 son biotecnologías que han exhibido resultados grandiosos en el campo del tratamiento del cáncer. Estos tratamientos para el cáncer han mostrado progresos grandiosos en pruebas clínicas y preclínicas.  CAR-T es un tipo de inmunoterapia y redirige células T para atacar las células del cáncer. Además, CRISPR/Cas9 es un herramienta para la edición de los genes que aumentan las capacidades de CAR-T. Individualmente, muestran habilidades significativas en contra del cáncer.  Sin embargo, ambas tecnologías tienen limitaciones y fallas en cuanto a sus habilidades para combatir tumores sólidos. Particularmente, necesitan progreso y más resultados para sus impactos para tratar con tumores sólidos. No obstante, se parecen una opción innovadora para el tratamiento del cáncer en sus propios maneras  y tiene sus propios limitaciones para otros cánceres más allá que el cáncer de sangre. Junto, pueden formar un tratamiento fuerte para otros tipos de cáncer y tumores sólidos.

This research analyzes the interfacial bond strength of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar across two key connections: flexural mortar-mortar and steel-mortar. It investigates the influence of varying interface roughness conditions and curing age on the bond behavior of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar (GPM) and cement-based mortar (CM). For the mortar-to-mortar bond investigation, the flexural three-point bending test was performed on smooth and grooved interfaces after 28+7 and 28+28 days of curing, complementing previous slant shear and split tensile test results. For the steel-mortar investigation, push-in tests were conducted on 10 mm diameter ribbed and 8 mm diameter smooth steel reinforcing bars, with 7 and 28 days of curing for each. Additional tests included compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, slant shear, drying shrinkage, and split tensile tests. Results demonstrate that geopolymer mortar achieves superior bond strength compared to cement mortar, with bond strengths more than double that of cement mortar. Geopolymer mortar also attained faster bond strength on grooved surfaces. Similarly, the steel-mortar bond strength of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar was approximately four times greater than that of cement mortar with ribbed rebars, although results were closer with smooth rebars. These findings highlight the potential of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar to enhance bond performance while reducing environmental impact, presenting a promising avenue for sustainable construction practices.

The advent of PCIe Gen6 has brought significant advancements in data transfer rates and protocol features, necessitating rigorous verification methods to ensure functional correctness. This paper explores the proof of functional correctness in PCIe Gen6 transaction ordering using temporal logic, a formalism well-suited for specifying and verifying properties of concurrent systems. As PCIe technology evolves, maintaining the integrity of transaction ordering becomes critical to prevent data corruption, ensure system stability, and enhance performance. We begin by defining the essential components of the PCIe Gen6 architecture, highlighting the complexities introduced by increased bandwidth and advanced features such as improved error handling and flow control. The focus then shifts to the transaction ordering

The rapid evolution of high-speed communication standards, particularly the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), has underscored the importance of rigorous verification methodologies to ensure system reliability and performance. One of the critical

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Protective Association Between Allergen Immunotherapy and Adult-Onset Food AllergyTo the Editor:Subcutaneous (allergen) immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis may prevent the progression of respiratory airway disease. Several small-scale studies have suggested that SCIT to pollen may help alleviate pollen-food allergy syndrome symptoms due to shared epitopes between tree pollen and edible plant allergens1, although it has not been recommended for primary desensitization2. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between SCIT and new onset food allergy in our outpatient study population.A retrospective cohort study of adults (n=94) receiving ongoing allergy care at our University Hospital in Brooklyn, NY, USA was conducted to investigate factors [including demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), and SCIT] associated with new-onset, IgE-mediated food allergy (positive reaction history and skin-test or food-IgE) in adulthood. Informed consent requirements were waived upon institutional review (ethics) board approval. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Spearman’s correlation coefficients, and logistic regression.Demographic analysis included 23 men and 71 women with a mean age of 49.1 years, having a known diagnosis of respiratory allergy (allergic rhinitis and/or asthma) (n=85) and adult food allergy (n=33,Table 1 ). Clinical food allergy was diagnosed in 4/29 adults (13.8%) who had received SCIT and in 29/63 adults (46%) who had not received it (Figure 1 ). Food allergies were mostly to shrimp (n=19) followed by pineapple, kiwi, banana, avocado, nectarine, cashewnut, peanut, sesame, wheat, egg and tuna, and three to unknown food. BMI did not correlate significantly with SCIT, but correlated positively with adult food allergy, (r=0.469, p<0.001). Adult food allergy correlated negatively with receiving SCIT (r=-0.312, p=0.002).In logistic regression models, SCIT predicted significantly lower odds of adult-onset food allergy, after adjusting for age, sex, race, and BMI, (OR=0.132, 95% CI 0.028-0.618, p=0.010). BMI was independently associated with significantly higher odds of food allergy after adjusting for receiving SCIT, age, sex, and race (OR=1.189, 95% CI 1.085-1.303, p<0.001).Understanding allergenic cross-reactivity is crucial in the management of food allergy, which may be IgE-mediated (as seen between shrimp and dust mite tropomysins) or T cell-mediated. [as seen with Bet v 1 epitopes (e.g., birch pollen) cross-reacting with PR-10–like food allergens (e.g., apples)]3. Cross-reactive epitopes may help aid desensitization and clinical tolerance3. SCIT works in part by altering T and B cell-memory which may confer long-term clinical benefits. Murine studies show birch pollen SCIT reduces Th2 responses but not IL-33–mediated innate immunity linked to weight loss4. This aligns with clinical findings of lower BMI in SCIT-treated patients. House dust mite immunotherapy reduced specific-IgE to Der p 10 and Pen a 1 and eliminated seafood reactivity in one case5, and in a another study, prevented shrimp allergy in 70 patients over three years despite regular consumption6.In our study, SCIT protected against food allergy despite multiple covariate adjustment. We had previously reported that higher adult BMI was associated with adult-onset shrimp allergy and sensitization, independent of pre-existing cross-reactive sensitizations to dust mite and cockroach. This study also showed positive correlations between obesity and food allergy. Although the exact underlying mechanism is undetermined, our study suggests that obesity may epidemiologically modify the role of SCIT in adult-onset shrimp allergy. To our knowledge, this is the first study using both evaluate allergen immunotherapy in relation to adult-onset food allergy. Our study was limited by its small sample size from a single clinic in New York City which may limit external validity. Subcutaneous immunotherapy may be explored as a preventative therapeutic option for adult-onset food allergy, especially in patients with respiratory allergy and high BMI.

Background: Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) is an effective and safe method for treating high-risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Two approved devices, MitraClip (Abbott Vascular) and PASCAL (Edwards Lifesciences), use leaflet approximation to reduce MR and may also influence annular dimensions via leaflet tension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the acute mitral annular dimensional changes following PASCAL implantation and correlate with long-term results. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 high-risk patients (mean age 76±11 years) with moderate-to-severe and severe MR (grade 3.9±0.3, EROA 49±23mm 2, LV ejection fraction 47±14%). Patients had elevated surgical risk scores (logistic EuroSCORE 23.6±11.5%, EuroSCORE II 6.9±5%, STS Score 5.5±4.2). Intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) was post-analyzed using specialized software to assess mitral annular geometry. Results: PASCAL effectively reduced MR (grade 3.9±0.3 to 1.2±0.5, p<0.001) in all patients. Significant reductions in 3D annulus area (15±4cm 2 to 13.9±4cm 2, 7.1±9.9%, p<0.001) and perimeter (14±1.7cm to 13.5±1.8cm, 3.2±5.9%, p<0.001) were observed in 77.4% of our cohort immediately after TEER. Anterior-posterior diameter showed greater reduction (4.1±0.6cm to 3.8±0.6cm, p<0.001, 6.3±7.8%) compared to medial-lateral diameter (4.3±0.5cm to 4.2±0.6cm, p<0.001, 3.2±8%) and these changes resulted in a more elliptic valve at the end of the procedure (ellipticity from 105±8% to 109±10%, p=0.001). Patients with reduced annulus area (83.5%) achieved optimal long-term outcomes with mild MR ( p=0.019). Conclusions: TEER with PASCAL acutely reduces mitral annular dimensions, favoring a more elliptic valve shape, particularly through anterior-posterior diameter reduction. These changes correlate with sustained MR improvement.

Background: Some neonates are assessed for the risk of abnormal psychomotor development at birth and are referred for reflex locomotion therapy using the Vojta method. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between spontaneous motor activity (SMA), the quality of motor activity patterns (QMAP), central coordination disorders (CCD), vital signs at birth, involuntary reflexes, and postural asymmetry in infants. Methods: The study involved 90 girls and 107 boys in the age interval of 1-16 months (4.15±2.18). Their psychomotor development was assessed using the Vojta method. Age-appropriate involuntary reflexes were evaluated, and both parameters were correlated with perinatal risk factors. Results: Boys scored significantly higher than girls (difference of -0.7, p = 0.022) in the SMA test. In both sexes, SMA (p < 0.001 in both sexes) and QMAP scores improved significantly with age. In boys, higher CCD scores were associated with significantly lower SMA and QMAP scores (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). Significantly higher CCD scores were noted in girls with the Moro reflex and postural asymmetry (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). In boys, the Moro reflex was significantly correlated with the Vojta reaction (p = 0.012) and the Collis vertical suspension response (p <0.001). Conclusions: Vital signs at birth, including birth weight, the Apgar score, and type of delivery, can predict motor development disorders, but do not clearly discriminate infants that require neurodevelopmental therapy.

Soybean oil is a major global commodity, accounting for almost one-third of the world's vegetable oil production. Although origin effects for soybean meal have been well documented in terms of protein content, amino acid availability, and fiber fractions, less is known about how these regional influences translate to the oil fraction. This study investigates the relationship between the composition of whole soybeans and key quality metrics of crude degummed soybean oil, including free fatty acid content, neutral oil loss, and mineral concentrations.

Oleogelation the process of structuring liquid oils into solid-like gels using minimal amounts of gelators has emerged as a promising strategy to replace traditional solid fats in foods with healthier alternatives. A wide range of oleogelators has been studied, from low-molecular-weight compounds (waxes, monoglycerides, fatty alcohols) to polymeric materials (e.g., ethylcellulose); this review highlights the recent innovation of utilizing dietary fibers as oleogelators in structured lipid systems. Dietary fibers such as cellulose, pectin, and inulin can interact with oils via particle network formation or polymer entanglement, creating three-dimensional gel matrices that immobilize the oil and yield semi-solid oleogels with butter-like texture. The mechanism of fiber-based oleogelation is discussed in depth, revealing how factors like fiber particle size, molecular structure, and processing conditions influence gel formation and stability. Fiber-structured oleogels effectively mimic the functional properties of saturated fats in various food applications (e.g., spreads, bakery products, and processed meats) while offering significant health advantages. Replacing conventional solid fats (rich in saturated and trans fats) with fiber-based oleogels formulated from unsaturated oils leads to a markedly improved nutritional profile, characterized by a healthier fatty acid composition and added dietary fiber. These oleogels can thereby help reduce saturated fat intake and increase fiber consumption, contributing to better cardiovascular health and metabolic outcomes. Additionally, fiber oleogels may enhance oxidative stability of oils and serve as carriers for bioactive lipophilic nutrients, further broadening their functional benefits. The review surveys current food applications, demonstrating that fiber oleogels can maintain desirable texture, mouthfeel, and stability in products ranging from margarine alternatives and shortening replacers to fat-reduced meat and dairy analogues. Furthermore, the use of natural fibers as structuring agents aligns with clean-label and sustainability trends by avoiding artificial additives and reducing reliance on palm oil and hydrogenated fats and enabling the upcycling of agricultural fiber byproducts. Despite the promise of fiber-based oleogels, challenges remain in optimizing their gelling efficiency, sensory attributes, and long-term stability. Future research directions include modification of fibers or co-oleogelator strategies to fine-tune gel properties, as well as comprehensive evaluations of their performance in complex food matrices, consumer acceptance, and regulatory status. Overall, this review underscores the novelty and significance of fiber-based oleogels as a transformative approach to create healthier, fiber-enriched, and sustainable fat replacers, capable of improving the nutritional profile of foods without compromising quality or sensory appeal. Altogether, fiber-based oleogel technology holds great promise for next-generation food formulations aimed at health and sustainability.

Cooling tower fans are critical components in power plants, industrial facilities, and data centers, operating continuously to maintain optimal temperature regulation. With an estimated 100,000 cooling towers worldwide housing millions of fans, these systems consume approximately 500 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity annually, representing about 2% of global electricity consumption-sufficient to power entire nations such as Argentina or the Netherlands. ROTAR-Rotational Optimization for Thermal and Renewable Energy Recovery-investigates the feasibility of integrating a belt-driven generator motor within the drivetrains of electric vehicles (EVs), employing architectures similar to those of rotational modules within cooling towers to convert rotational energy into usable electrical power. A scaled prototype was developed in which a secondary motor, driven by the primary axle through a belt mechanism, generates direct current (DC) that is stabilized using a buck-boost converter before being stored in a reserve battery following continuous rotation above a specified threshold. Experimental data demonstrate that during a 20-minute drive cycle, the system recovers 0.2 watt-hours (Wh) of energy, resulting in a 7.91% enhancement in energy efficiency. Over a series of twelve 20-minute drive cycles, the system has the capability to fully recharge a single battery (2.53 Wh). When projected to the average annual driving duration of a typical American, this translates to potential energy savings of 219 Wh, equivalent to 86.56 complete battery cycles per year. As a prototype for industrial-level cooling systems, ROTAR represents a significant advancement in the future of regenerative energy with large-scale global impacts.

As high-speed communication interfaces continue to evolve, ensuring the reliability and correctness of their underlying logic becomes imperative. This paper presents a detailed exploration of leveraging sequential equivalence checking (SEC) in the verification of PCI Express (PCIe) lane bonding logic. PCIe technology is critical for modern computing architectures, enabling fast data transfer across multiple lanes. However, the complexity of PCIe designs poses significant challenges in verification, particularly when it comes to ensuring that lane bonding mechanisms function correctly.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital design, ensuring the correctness of complex systems such as DDR (Double Data Rate) memory controllers is critical. This work explores the use of formal verification techniques, specifically focusing on protocol coverage closure, to ascertain the reliability and robustness of DDR controllers. Utilizing tools such as

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