Continuous seismic data analysis identifies signals related to physical processes within the Earth or on its surface. Characterizing seismic signals yields insights into source processes and Earth’s structural features. Global seismic network analysis of long-period (25–100 s) surface waves has detected seismic events not identified through high-frequency body wave analysis. However, detecting long-lasting monochromatic signals with narrow spectral peaks, which carry valuable information about geological and environmental processes, remains challenging on a global scale. We developed a coherence-based method to characterize long-period monochromatic signals on a global scale. In addition to signals originating from the Gulf of Guinea, Vanuatu islands, and a submarine volcano, we observed a previously unidentified signal originating from the Canadian Arctic, likely associated with glacier dynamics. Our approach explores long-period monochromatic seismic signals in continuous seismic data, providing a foundation for future studies to characterize the physical processes generating these signals on Earth’s surface.

Cloud radiative feedbacks are currently the largest source of spread in estimates of climate sensitivity. Here we examine how cloud feedbacks relate to biases in model simulations of present-day clouds relative to NASA Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) satellite observations. Specifically, we examine relationships between bias in cloud fraction, cloud-top-height, and cloud optical depth with tropical high cloud, midlatitude low cloud, global high-cloud altitude, and tropical low cloud feedbacks for CMIP5 and CMIP6 models that have produced MISR simulator output. We find that the strength of all four of these simulated cloud feedbacks have statistically significant relationships with biases in present-day simulations of clouds. We use these relationships in an emergent constraint analysis to narrow the spread in the strength of each feedback. This suggests that future expert assessments of cloud feedbacks (and climate sensitivity) should consider present day biases in clouds and the climate modeling community might consider undertaking simulations where models are systematically tuned to eliminate (or at least reduce) biases relative to satellite observations.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions is determined by the water dissociation process. Strengthening the adsorption ability of the electrocatalyst is crucial to promoting water dissociation in the alkaline HER, whereas too-intensified adsorption will poison the active sites. Herein, we modulate the adsorption ability of NiFeP by nonmetal F doping for an efficient and durable alkaline HER. F incorporation in NiFeP (NiFePF) tailors the electronic structure of Ni, Fe, and P, optimizing the adsorption affinity of *OH/*H on the active sites. The balanced *OH/*H adsorption facilitates the water dissociation of NiFePF, exhibiting the smaller overpotential of 233 mV at 100 mA cm-2. Furthermore, NiFePF achieves 1 A cm-2 at an overpotential of only 233 mV under 30 wt% KOH. Ex-situ analysis unraveled the surface reconstruction of NiFeP and NiFePF during HER. The balanced *OH/*H adsorption ability in NiFePF facilitates the desorption of *OH and alleviates the poisoning active center and surface hydroxylation, limiting the surface reconstruction of NiFePF to a few nanometers. This enables NiFePF to remain stable for 360 hours, implying its commercial potential.

Understanding the microstructure of porous media is crucial in various fields-particularly in petroleum engineering, hydrogeology, and materials science-because it directly influences the properties of porous materials and the behavior of fluids within their pores. Traditional characterization methods often struggle to capture the complex, heterogeneous micro-scale features of rock structures. To address this challenge, this study presents a novel approach for the classification and visualization of rock microstructure from micro-CT images, leveraging pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, Inception v3 Net, ResNet, and DenseNet) combined with unsupervised machine learning (USML) techniques (PCA (principal component analysis), MDS (multidimensional scaling), Isomap (isometric mapping), t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding), and UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection)). Using pre-trained CNNs allows us to extract rich feature representations without the need for large, specialized training datasets, effectively capturing intricate patterns in the microstructures. The application of USML methods enables us to reduce dimensionality and uncover latent structures in the data without supervision. We tested the effectiveness of our method through three distinct case studies

The paper investigates the dispersion of quasi-Lamb waves in a hydro-elastic system consisting of a plate of multilayer composite material and a compressible, inviscid fluid layer whose flow is confined by a rigid wall. The multilayer composite material is modeled as a transversely isotropic material whose axis of symmetry is aligned along the thickness of the plate. The motion of the plate is described by the exact equations and relations of elastodynamics for anisotropic bodies, but the fluid flow is described by the linearized Euler equations. The analytical solutions of these equations are found and according to these solutions the dispersion equations are obtained from the corresponding boundary, compatibility and impermeability conditions. The dispersion equation is solved numerically and the numerical results are obtained for the case where the plate material consists of two alternating layers. Based on these results, a parametric study of the influence of the density ratio of the plate and fluid materials and the ratio of the shear wave propagation velocity in the stiffer material layer of the plate to the sound velocity of the fluid on the dispersion curves with respect to the first four subsequent modes (denoted as A 0, S 0, A 1 and S 1 modes) of the quasi-Lamb waves is performed. The influence of the ratio of the shear moduli of the components of the multilayer material and the influence of the contact of the plate with the fluid are investigated.

In this research, the doping effects of ZrO2 and MnO2 on La1-xZrxCo1−yMnyO3 cathode was investigated in terms of physical, mechanical and electrical properties. The amount of ZrO2 was varied by 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt% for different compositions of the composites and MnO2 was varied accordingly. The composite cathode is prepared in powder and pellet form, followed by calcination at 1000°C and sintering at 1200°C. The final sintered composites then examined by SEM-EDX, XRD, and AFM. Investigations were also conducted on density, porosity, compressive strength, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), electronic conductivity, and diametral tensile strength (DTS). SEM and EDX shows both imaging and chemical analysis of the composites which indicates the results of reactions during sintering. XRD indicates that, significant structural change had been taken place with the addition of ZrO2. These defects in perovskite structure will increase the ionic and electronic conductivity of the composites. The highest value of DTS, compressive strength was obtained for 15LZCM sample and lowest value of DTS, and compressive strength was observed for 5LZCM sample. Some properties like microhardness, thermal expansion, and electrical conductivity were also determined. XRD analysis shows ZrO2 doping caused transformation of the perovskite structure and the leading crystal system was monoclinic (P 1 21/c1). SEM shows the porous microstructure of the perovskite oxide. AFM reveals addition of the ZrO2 decreasing roughness; the rms roughness of 5LZCM was 61.46 nm but the rms roughness was 37.12 nm for 15LZCM.

With the acceleration of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been increasingly implemented in the food industry to enhance convenience. In Korea, this implementation is referred to as Smart Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (Smart HACCP). Smart HACCP offers advantages such as real-time monitoring and automation through the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and others into the traditional HACCP system. However, these advantages can also introduce critical security vulnerabilities to the equipment and system. For instance, tampering with Critical Control Point (CCP) data within smart HACCP can lead to problems that result in casualties during the distribution process. Thus, ensuring the security of smart HACCP is of utmost importance. Despite the increased risk, only a few attempts have been made to address the research on the security vulnerabilities of smart HACCP. Furthermore, much of the existing literature primarily focuses on adapting the system to specific industries, such as the food sector. Therefore, in this paper, we identify smart HACCP threats through STRIDE threat modeling and propose attack scenarios based on the findings. Our experimental results reveal approximately 183 threats in smart HACCP, comprising 142 threats identified using the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool and an additional 41 threats that consider the characteristics of smart HACCP. Building upon the experiment, we derive three attack scenarios and evaluate them using a standard module and actual enterprise in Korea.

A practical, effective, and regionselective palladium-catalyzed ring opening/[4+2] annulation of enaminones with cyclopropenones for the controllable synthesis of highly substituted γ-butenolides and γ-lactams have been described. This method for the first time regio-selective annulation reaction on the carbon and amine groups of the enaminone structure. This reaction characterized by its wide substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, moderate to good yields, scale-up synthesis, and versatile transformations, providing a versatile and general protocol to construct γ-butenolides and γ-lactams.

Text：The heavy metal ion pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems, which promotes the continuous exploration of new materials and methods to achieve efficient detection of heavy metal ions. Luminescent MOFs (LMOFs) featuring the designable and functional structures and tunable luminescence properties exhibit excellent potential for the recognition and detection of heavy metal ions. Herein, a Cd(II)-based luminescence MOF {[Cd 2(2F-bpdc) 2(tib)]} n ( NKM-103) (tib=1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene, 2F-H 2bpdc= 3,3’,5,5’-azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid) has been designed and synthesized successfully. Derived from the characteristic of ligand with conjugated units, NKM-103 shows well fluorescence emission performance and potential as a sensor for detecting both Fe(III) cations and Cr(VI) anions (Cr 2O 7 2- and CrO4 2-) through turn-off effect. Moreover, NKM-103 for all three kinds of ions shows low detection limit and high selectivity.

Herein we reported a manganese promoted reductive cross-coupling approach to construct P‒S bond. This is a practical method for the synthesis of mono-thiophosphanes, bis-thiophosphanes and tri-thiophosphanes under mild conditions. The strategy featured a wide range of substrate scope including various disulfides and phosphine chlorides, constructing diverse sulfur-containing organophosphorus compounds. Ultimately, gram-scale synthesis and applications were explored.

This study aims to develop pre-service science teachers' skills in designing AR activities and to evaluate the usefulness of BlippAR software. In this context, the study was conducted according to the convergent parallel design, which is one of the mixed research methods. In the quantitative phase of the study, 14 pre-service teachers, all of whom were girls, were included voluntarily. Similarly, the qualitative phase was conducted with 13 volunteer pre-service teachers. Quantitative data in the study were collected using the system usability scale. In addition, qualitative data were obtained using the training evaluation form and written interview form. Then, pre-service teachers' responses to the scale were scored using Excel. Followed by, the scale data were transferred to SPSS and the averages of each item were calculated. The usefulness of the BlippAR software was evaluated through the related data. On the other hand, the qualitative data obtained from the written interview form were transferred to the MaxQda 2020 program and subjected to content analysis. When the quantitative and qualitative data are evaluated together, it can be stated that the BlippAR system is not complex and the functions are integrated systematically. In line with all the aforementioned feedback, it can be inferred that the BlippAR system is useful but needs some improvements. In this context, it can be aimed to add new system functions, diversify the language options, and enrich the library.

Background: Delayed pericardial effusion or pericardial tamponade (PE/PT) is a relatively rare complication of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) but has serious consequences for affected patients. There are limited data related to delayed PE/PT. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and potential risks of delayed PE/PT following LAAC. Methods: Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were successfully implanted with LAAC devices from October 2014 to July 2023 were screened retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether delayed PE/PT occurred. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the potential risks of delayed PE/PT. Results: A total of 1866 patients with successfully implanted LAAC devices were included. Fifty-two patients were excluded because of missing transesophageal echocardiogram or cardiac CT angiogram data 45 days after the procedure, and 106 patients were excluded because of loss to follow-up. Thirty-seven patients were excluded because of acute PE/PT during perioperative period. Among the remaining 1671 patients, 11 developed delayed PE/PT during the follow-up period (2 Watchman2.5, 2 ACP and 7 LAmbre). Ten of these patients recovered after pericardiocentesis, and one patient required cardiac surgery. Patients with delayed PE/PT had a larger left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice diameter, a higher rate of nitinol plug device use and a lower incidence of systolic heart failure. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the use of a nitinol plug device was associated with delayed PE/PT (OR=1.819 95% CI: 0.757-4.343, P=0.018). A larger maximal LAA orifice diameter was also associated with the occurrence of delayed PE/PT (OR=1.473 95% CI: 1.163-1.866, P=0.001). Conclusion: Delayed PE/PT is a rare complication of LAAC device implantation and is related to the use of a nitinol plug device rather than a nitinol cage device. Patients with larger LAA orifice diameters are at greater risk of delayed PE/PT after LAAC.

This study aims to elucidate the ideal training volume for maximizing muscle hypertrophy in advanced strength athletes through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant literature with high scientific hierarchy. Emphasis is placed on discerning the optimal number of weekly sets (4-10) and repetition ranges pertinent to specific muscle groups, contextualized within their fiber-type compositions. Recent empirical evidence advocates for training protocols that employ higher RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion) alongside lower overall volumes to facilitate superior hypertrophic adaptations (Beardsley & Schoenfeld, 2019; Schoenfeld et al., 2017). This paper synthesizes contemporary findings, offering evidence-based guidelines tailored for advanced strength athletes and contributing to the discourse surrounding effective training methodologies. Keywords: Hypertrophy, training volume, strength athletes, systematic review, meta-analysis, RPE.

This article develops a duality principle through a D.C. approach applicable to some originally non-convex primal variational formulations. More specifically, in a first step, we develop applications to a Ginzburg-Landau type equation. The results are obtained through basic tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations, duality and optimization theory in infinite dimensional spaces. It is worth emphasizing we have obtained a convex dual variational formulation which may be applied to a large class of similar models in the calculus of variations. Finally, in the last sections we present a numerical example and related software.

Traditional rodent monitoring is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the accuracy of the results is not high. In this study, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method is used to model the spatial distribution of rodents in a typical grassland (Jarud Banner) of Inner Mongolia, China, and the spatiotemporal distribution pattern and driving mechanism of the occurrence probability of rodent damage in Jarud Banner during 2016–2021 is analyzed. The results show that: (1) A spatial distribution model constructed for grassland rodent damage at the community scale accurately predicts the potential spatial distribution of rodents. (2) The degree of the relationship between rodent damage and environmental factors is not constant but shows a certain variation pattern. (3) Spatially, the occurrence probability of rodent damage in Jarud Banner shows a pattern of low in its central part and high in its northern and southern parts. (4) Temporally, the occurrence probability of rodent damage in Jarud Banner shows a trend of decreasing in its northern and central parts and slightly increasing in its southern part, with the occurrence probability increasing in 2019 and 2021. The results provide new information for studying the spatial distribution of rodent damage and offer important reference for rodent pest control efforts.

Background. Influenza is characterized by severe course and causes significant damage to public health. Patients at risk of developing influenza complications require special attention in routine clinical practice. In this regard, a comparative assessment of the effect of antiviral influenza treatment on the incidence of bacterial complications, adverse events and duration of the disease in a high-risk groups is still relevant. Methods. A multicenter, non-interventional, observational study was conducted to study the effect of antiviral treatment on the incidence of influenza complications in the epidemic season 2023-2024 in 2005 outpatients from risk groups receiving oseltamivir, umifenovir, kagocel or imidazolyl ethanamide pentanedioic acid. Results. Bacterial complications of influenza developed in 18.87% among high risk out-patients, 17.41% was required antibacterial therapy. The hospitalization rate was 1.24%, and the mean duration of the disease was 8 days. The rate of bacterial complications in the groups was: oseltamivir – 18.96%, umifenovir – 12.17%, kagocel – 22.00%, imidazolyl ethanamide pentanedioic acid –22.64%. Adverse events were registered in 4.76% of patients, most of which 91.67% complained of gastrointestinal disorders, and only in 8.33% cases complaints were related to allergic reactions. The incidence of adverse events was statistically significantly higher in the oseltamivir group versus other treatments. Conclusions. Etiotropic drugs oseltamivir and umifenovir used in the treatment of influenza patients with a high risk of complications showed comparable efficacy in their impact on the incidence of bacterial complications and the duration of the disease and thus may be recommended as agents of choice for treatment of patients with influenza.

Cultural learning environments and gender roles play a key role in shaping children’s socio-emotional development. However, most work on this topic rely on methods that overlook lived experiences and assume high participant literacy, which may not apply to Majority World contexts. To address these issues, this study qualitatively explored maternal beliefs about childrens’ socio-emotional development and gender roles in two distinct Ugandan locations. We conducted focus groups with 30 mothers each from a rural (Budongo) and urban (Mbarara) setting in Uganda to explore common themes in maternal experiences and attitudes towards the socialisation of their infants and children. Inductive thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1)manhood as an unmet ideal; (2)women’s role as socially contingent; (3)hiding negative emotions and (4)reliance on physical attributes and experiences. These themes and their effect on child socio-emotional development are discussed with regards to current literature on cultural learning and maternal attitudes towards parenting.

The plant microbiome significantly influences plant health and ecosystem functions, yet its response to environmental change and links to plant diversity are not fully understood. We investigated the impacts of climate warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf epiphytic and endophytic bacterial communities in Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songorica over an 18-year field experiment in temperate desert steppe. Results showed increased diversity in both leaf bacterial types, with epiphytic biomass rising and endophytic biomass falling due to distinct mechanisms. Epiphytic diversity and biomass increased with leaf temperature and transpiration rate, endophyte diversity increased with leaf carbon and nitrogen concentrations, and endophytic biomass related to leaf nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Structural equation modeling revealed both epiphytic and endophytic bacterial diversity correlated with reduced plant diversity, which in turn was linked to increased leaf bacterial diversity, indicating a complex response of phyllosphere bacteria to global changes in perennial grassland ecosystems.

To address the difficulty of dynamically assessing overhead transmission lines under varying meteorological conditions through manual inspections and drone monitoring, this study proposes an evaluation method for the operating status of overhead transmission lines based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A mathematical model based on AHP is first established to perform weighted processing of five meteorological factors, generating a comprehensive meteorological dataset. A simulation model for the LGJ-300/70 type conductor is then developed under the temperature field, where temperature distribution during operation is determined based on different meteorological data. Stress variations are observed, and evaluation criteria are established by calculating displacement deviations in the two-dimensional transmission line model. The transmission line is considered to be in a normal operating state when the maximum displacement deviation is ≤ ±0.63 mm. This demonstrates that the AHP-based evaluation method can effectively enable dynamic assessment of the operating status of overhead transmission lines.

A document by Meisha Holloway-Phillips. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background and Purpose. Heroin and cocaine users tailor their dosage, frequency, and method of administration, to maximize the drugs’ effects or prevent withdrawal symptoms. Counterintuitively, preclinical self-administration and choice experiments employ fixed unit-doses and timeouts (after doses) largely resulting in uniform drug-taking patterns. The application of these procedures also disregards the distinct pharmacokinetic properties of heroin and cocaine. This uniformity contrasts with the significantly different ways humans tailor their dosage and frequency of heroin and cocaine use. Here, by combining behavioral and pharmacokinetics assessments we revealed that self-administration procedures lacking the timeout may overcomes this limitation. Experimental Approach. We analyzed heroin and cocaine taking- and seeking-patterns and estimated drug-brain levels in the presence or absence of timeout. We further assessed how absence of timeout and the availability of drug or social peer (access time to the two rewards) affect drug preference in choice procedures. Key Results. Removing the timeout had a profound effect on heroin-taking patterns and seeking, promoting the emergence of burst-like intake, yielding higher brain peak concentrations of heroin. Timeout removal had marginal impact on cocaine taking patterns and seeking. Increasing the access time to the drug in the discrete choice procedure resulted in higher drug intake and increased preference for heroin, but it did not alter cocaine preference. Conclusion and Implications. Removing timeout during self-administration revealed distinct heroin and cocaine taking patterns. Self-administration without timeout and access to high heroin doses during choice more closely mimic human heroin taking patterns and related behaviors, including maladaptive choices.

The Alzhai Grottoes are challenged by a saline-alkali environment that causes the murals to crumble and peel. Traditional restoration methods are not effective in this environment and can lead to secondary damage. This study employs microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, using specific bacteria to induce mineral deposition under saline-alkali conditions, forming a protective mineralized layer. The study isolated and screened a mineralized strain, Bacillus oceanicum, which was compared to the traditional mineralizing bacterium Pasteurella. Laboratory experiments revealed that Bacillus oceanicum exhibited higher solidification strength, uniform solidification, and better salt-alkali tolerance. The cohesion of specimens treated with Bacillus oceanicus increased by 83.18%, and the internal friction angle increased by 29.06% compared to Bacillus pasteurii-treated specimens. The study demonstrated that Bacillus oceanicum effectively treated the saline-alkali diseases in the Alzhai Caves’ murals, reducing the height of phthalate, the volume of crisp powder, and the thickness of salt crust in MICP-treated samples by 29.1%, 45.0%, and 36.4%, respectively, compared to untreated specimens. This research provides new insights and methods for the protection and restoration of cultural relics in special environments, focusing on the green microbial technology for disease control and preventive protection of murals.

Although MLIs provide better performance than traditional two-level inverters due to reduced harmonic distortion, reduced electromagnetic interference, and increased AC output voltage with lower voltages, they have a shortcoming such as increased number of sources. This paper proposes a new topology combination using High Frequency Link (HFL) with Switched Rectifier (SR) that compensates for the mentioned shortcoming. Thanks to this diversity, Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI, which produces 27 levels with 16 switches, is configured with SR and the output level is increased to 33. The proposed topology, which can produce outputs with varying frequency and amplitude, is confirmed using the Genesys-2 FPGA development board in both simulation and experimentation. The Nearest Level Control method, which targets low switching frequency, is used to minimize energy losses and reduce total harmonic distortion. Total standing voltage (TSV), cost factor per level, and efficiency calculations are performed in order to assess the proposed inverter’s economic feasibility. These results are then compared with those of many studies that use HFL in terms of component count, TSV, cost factor and it is noted that the results are like counterpart MLI topologies. Although TSV and cost factor per level are similar, the increase from 27 levels to 33 levels with 1 switch is seen as a significant increase.

Misophonia is a debilitating disorder where seemingly innocuous sounds (often human made, such as chewing or throat clearing) evoke intense negative cognitive, emotional and physical ’fight-or-flight’ responses. Recent studies reported alarmingly high prevalence across different countries and population characteristics, revealing an urgent need for a better understanding of this condition as well as improved measurement and diagnostic tools. Firstly, current misophonia symptom measurements rely on (subjective) self-reports, and different studies employ various diagnostic approaches and cut-off scores. There is an urgent need for a complementary (objective) psychophysiological measurement tool. Secondly, the role of ’mild’ or ’moderate’ symptoms are currently topic of debate: are they still manifestations of the misophonic disorder? Here, we employ pupillometry to map out arousal responses to misophonia trigger sounds. We show that (i) pupil dilation can reliably differentiate misophonic responses from responses to generally unpleasant sounds (such as nails on chalk board), (ii) the ’milder cases’ of misophonia still show arousal responses characteristic of misophonia, and (iii) pupillometry can even be used to aid diagnosis in a single individual. We conclude that even mild misophonic responses can reliably, objectively and cost-effectively be indexed by pupil-linked arousal.