A document by SUBHOJIT CHAKRABORTY. Click on the document to view its contents.

In this paper, we study scalable δ–level coherent state synchronization for multi-agent systems (MAS) where the agents are subject to bounded disturbances/noises. We propose a scale-free framework designed solely based on the knowledge of agent models and agnostic to the communication graphs and size of the network. We define the level of coherency for each agent as the norm of the weighted sum of the disagreement dynamics with its neighbors. The objective is to restrict the level of coherency of the network to δ without a-priori information about the disturbance.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) significantly impacts global health, with a prevalence affecting roughly 25% of adults worldwide. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) offer potential therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control, including improvement in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Objectives: This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs in MASLD patients, focusing on hepatic outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, anthropometric measurements, and mortality. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive database search was conducted to include RCTs assessing GLP-1RAs’ effects on MASLD. Quality assessment was conducted using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Our meta-analysis utilized a random-effects model, calculating standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes to determine the agents’ efficacy and safety. Additionally, funnel plots were generated to assess publication bias, ensuring the integrity of our meta-analytical findings. Results: The review included 27 trials, revealing GLP-1RAs significantly improved hepatic function markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and liver fat content) and cardiovascular risk factors (fasting blood sugar, HbA1c levels, lipid profiles). Additionally, GLP-1RAs were associated with significant reductions in body weight, BMI, subcutaneous fat, and waist circumference. Conclusion: GLP-1RAs demonstrate a promising therapeutic role in managing MASLD, offering benefits that extend to improving liver function, mitigating cardiovascular risk, and promoting weight loss. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and optimize GLP-1RAs’ usage in MASLD treatment.

Acute stent thrombosis or post-cardiac injury syndrome following myocardial infarction; what should be considered?

Gait analysis plays a pivotal role in diagnosing a spectrum of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Variations in gait patterns often serve as early indicators of underlying health conditions, underscoring the importance of precise and timely analysis for effective intervention and treatment. In recent years, computer vision techniques have emerged as robust tools for automated gait analysis, offering non-invasive, cost-effective, and scalable solutions. However, existing approaches often overlook the critical aspect of privacy preservation. In this study, we propose the world's pioneering computer vision-based abnormal gait detection system with a privacy-preserving mechanism. Specifically, we extract 2D skeletons from encrypted images using a deep neural network model, which is facilitated by an optical system incorporating a custom-made refractive optical element. These extracted features are then fed into machine learning models for the detection of normal versus abnormal gait patterns. Evaluations across various models including random forest, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, neural network, and convolutional neural network reveal that the random forest model attains the highest classification performance based on 2D skeletons extracted from encrypted images.

Land use land cover change is the main factor which contributed to biodiversity loss, and has affected negatively human wellbeing. Understanding this phenomenon is important in Riverine area of Pendjari Reserve which has been affected by anthropic disturbance for century years, and is, nowadays, one of the most significantly biodiversity hotspots in the West Africa. This study aims to (i) assess the trends of land use land cover change from 1998 to 2020; (ii) predict the future of land use land cover change for 2035 and 2050. Landsat images were used to determine LULC dynamics for the years 1998, 2007, 2013 and 2020 using Random Forest classification in ArcGIS software while the predicted LULC of 2035 and 2050 were simulated using Terset 18.21. The results indicated significant changes in LULC patterns. The wooded savannah decreased by 4.7 %, 8 % and 11.5 % respectively during 1998-2007, 2007-2013 and 2013-2020. While shrub savannah increased by 10.5% and 3.88 % respectively 1998-2007 and 2007-2013 before declined by 1.17%. However, the cropland from 1998-2007 decreased by 6.66 %, before increased by 4.33% and 11.1% respectively from 2007-2013 and 2013-2020. Fallow land increased by 0.77 %, 0.83 % respectively 1998-2007 and 2013-2020, before decreasing by 0.7 % in 2007-2013. Settlement area increased from 1998-2020. The prediction results confirmed small decreased of wooded savannah and increased shrub savannah, cropland and fallow. Moreover, results of 2035 predicted settlement decreased in future and suggest African partnership will continuous for better land management of this study area. For year 2050, the wooded savannah will increase by 17506.7 Ha with 583.557 Ha/year -1 rate of change.

Background: Pregnant individuals are at high risk for developing severe illness related to COVID-19. We adapted the “COVID-19 infectiOn aNd medicineS In pregnancy” (CONSIGN) CONSIGN study protocol as part of an international collaboration to understand the natural history of COVID-19 disease among pregnant individuals in the U.S. Methods: We identified individuals aged 12 to 55 years with documented live-birth deliveries in the Sentinel Distributed Database who had at least one qualifying diagnosis for COVID-19 or positive-confirmed nucleic acid amplification test for SARS-CoV-2. We conducted separate 1:1 propensity score matched analyses comparing pregnant individuals with COVID-19 to: 1) pregnant individuals without COVID-19 during six months prior to or during pregnancy; and 2) non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Results: From January 2020 to December 2022 , we identified 52,355 pregnant individuals with COVID-19 matched to 52,355 pregnant individuals without COVID-19. Outpatient medication use in the 30 days surrounding COVID-19 date (or matched date) was generally low but similar between pregnant individuals with and without COVID-19. We identified 40,518 pregnant individuals with COVID-19 matched to 40,518 non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Medication use in 30 days prior to COVID-19 was higher among non-pregnant than pregnant individuals with COVID-19. More pregnant individuals than matched non-pregnant individuals were classified as non-severe (87.2% vs. 79.9%); however, more non-pregnant individuals could not have their COVID-19 severity determined (19.0% vs. 10.0%). Conclusions: Medication use is generally low in pregnancies with COVID-19, compared to pregnancies without COVID-19 and non-pregnant individuals with COVID-19. Interpretation of medication utilization patterns is challenging due to changing treatment and prevention recommendations during the pandemic.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of baseflow separation techniques within a small rural catchment, focusing on the calibration and application of three Recursive Digital Filters (RDFs): the Eckhardt, Lyne and Hollick (LH), and Chapman and Maxwell (CM) filters. The research aimed to refine baseflow estimation methods by calibrating the BFImax and Beta parameters of the Eckhardt’s and LH filters, respectively, using dissolved silica concentration data to derive reference baseflow. A novel event-based calibration approach was introduced, categorizing rainfall-runoff events by their magnitudes to optimize filter parameters accordingly. The findings reveal that the calibrated Eckhardt’s filter, incorporating event-specific parameter values, provides the most accurate baseflow estimations, closely aligning with observed data across various performance metrics. The event-based calibration demonstrated significant improvements in baseflow prediction accuracy, particularly for the Eckhardt’s and LH filters, compared to the general calibration approach. The study confirms the dynamic nature of the BFImax and Beta parameters, which vary with event magnitude, underscoring the importance of tailored calibration strategies for precise baseflow separation. The CM filter, while offering plausible baseflow hydrograph shapes and peak timings, was limited by its lack of adjustable parameters, leading to consistent underestimation of baseflow volumes. In contrast, the adjustable parameters of the Eckhardt’s and LH models enabled a more accurate representation of baseflow dynamics, particularly when calibrated for specific event magnitudes. This research confirms the superior efficacy of the Eckhardt’s filter in baseflow separation for small rural catchments, advocating for its use with event-based calibration when tracer data is available. Overall, the findings contribute valuable insights into baseflow modeling, offering improved methodologies for hydrologists and environmental scientists to enhance water resource management and conservation strategies.

A document by Utkarsha Uday. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: PCR testing of respiratory tract specimens detects SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding. Previous studies show that viral RNA was detected from 1-83 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. This study aimed to estimate time to viral clearance (TVC) for COVID-19 cases from March-June 2020 in Jamaica. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on national surveillance data. Viral clearance was defined as time from first positive nasopharyngeal swab to the first of two consecutive negative tests. Confirmed cases and clinical severity were based on WHO definitions. Frequency distributions, median and interquartile ranges (IQR) were computed. Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and log rank tests evaluated differences by age, sex, and clinical severity. Kaplan Meier curves described TVC by characteristics. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The analysis included 431 cases. Median TVC (days) was 28.0 (IQR: 18.0). Viral clearance differed by age (p<0.05), sex (p<0.0001) and clinical severity (p<0.05). For clinical severity, mildly ill cases had longest TVC (median: 29.0 days, 95%CI: 27-31). Females had a longer TVC (median: 30.0, 95%CI: 28-31) than males (median: 23.0, 95%CI: 20-26). TVC was greater in cases <60 years (median: 28.0 days, 95%CI: 26-30) than those ≥60 years (median: 19.0 days, 95%CI: 12-27). Forty-five percent of cases were from a workplace cluster. TVC for workplace cluster versus non-workplace cluster cases was 33.0, (95%CI: 31-34) versus 20.0, (95%CI: 18-22) days. Conclusion: Median TVC was 28 days and was influenced by age, sex, clinical severity and time of testing. Future studies may be useful to clarify these differences.

Background: Proton therapy (PT) has potential advantages in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (pHL). However, there is limited data on PT, specifically to infradiaphragmatic targets. We report on PT planning details, doses achieved to organs at risk (OARs), and clinical and toxicity outcomes for patients with pHL who received PT to infradiaphragmatic regions. Methods: This is a retrospective study including patients treated between 2011-2022. Demographic and clinical factors were collected, and toxicity was reported using CTCAE version 5.0. Dosimetric and clinical factors associated with key outcomes were assessed via Cox regression. Photon plans were generated for all patients, and the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank sum test were used for dosimetric comparisons. Results: Twenty-one patients comprising 22 PT courses were included. Median follow-up was 5.0 years and mean age was 14.2 years. Median dose was 21 Gray equivalent (GyE) over 14 fractions. Top acute grade 1 (G1) toxicities included fatigue (59%) and anorexia (36%). Rates of acute G2 and G3+ toxicity were 18% and 0%, respectively. After PT, no local or marginal failures occurred. 5% experienced disease progression which were all successfully salvaged, and all patients were alive and disease-free at last follow-up. No secondary malignancies developed. Compared to photon radiation, PT achieved significantly lower doses to the bowels, stomach, spleen, pancreatic tail, liver, and kidneys. Conclusions: PT is well-tolerated and leads to excellent oncologic and toxicity outcomes with long-term follow-up. PT confers dosimetric advantages when compared to photons.

A child possessing a concurrent germline NF1 variant and a mosaic TP53 variant: A rare case discussionMaya Ball-Burack1,2, Francisco A Perez2,3, Natalie Waligorski2, Shannon M Stasi7, Bonnie L Cole6,7, Rebecca Ronsley1, 2, 4, Vera Paulson5,6, Christina Lockwood5,6, Sarah E Leary1,2,4, Michelle A. Ting1,2,4Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USASeattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USABen Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USAGenetics and Solid Tumors Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Laboratories, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA

Advancements in wearable electronics have been propelled by the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). The proliferation of electronic devices and sensors, fueled by the growth of IoT, heavily relies on power sources, predominantly batteries, with significant implications for the environment. To address this concern and reduce carbon emissions, there is a growing emphasis on renewable energy harvesting technologies, among which triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) play a pivotal role. Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) stand out as innovative and sustainable solutions, possessing characteristics including large contact area, lightweight design, flexibility, comfort, scalability, and breathability. These smart wearables harness mechanical energy from human movement, converting it into electric energy. However, one of the persistent challenges is low electric power output. Decisive solutions involved meticulous selection of material pairs with significant differences in work function and optimizing contact areas. The incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, emerges as a key strategy to enhance multifunctionality and output. While carbon-based nanomaterials offer impressive surface area, roughness, and electron mobility, the full potential of these structures remains untapped due to a lack of collaboration among experts in TENGs, textiles, and carbonaceous nanofillers. Herein, the recent progress of carbonaceous nanofillers incorporated T-TENG is presented. This review delineates recent progress in T-TENGs incorporating carbonaceous nanofillers, comprehensively addressing fundamental classification, operational mode, structural design, and working performance. Furthermore, the analysis also delves into potential challenges hindering commercialization. By presenting a comprehensive overview, this review aims to foster collaboration across diverse research fields and stimulate future investigations into sustainable, high-performance smart wearables.

Real-time monitoring of food consumer quality remains challenging due to diverse bio-chemical processes taking place in/at the food matrices and requires accurate analytical methods. Thresholds to determine spoiled food are often difficult to set. Here, we study the dynamics of meat spoilage by electronic nose (e-nose) for digitizing the smell associated with volatile spoilage markers of meat, and by assessing the microbiome composition. We apply the time series analysis to follow dynamic changes in the gas profile extracted from the e-nose responses and identify the change-point window of the meat state. The obtained e-nose features correlate with changes in the microbiome composition and with representative gas sensors towards hydrogen, ammonia, and alcohol vapors with R2 values of 0.98, 0.93, and 0.91, respectively. Integration of e-nose and computer vision into a single analytical panel improved the meat state identification accuracy up to 0.85, allowing for more reliable meat state assessment.

In the past few years, the remarkable progress of commercially operated spacecrafts, the success with reusable rocket engines, as well as the international competition to explore space, has led to a substantial acceleration of activities in the design and preparation of ambitious future lunar missions. In the search for ice and/or cavities imaging the shallow subsurface structure is of vital importance. Hereby, previous studies have shown that seismic interferometry is a promising method to investigate the subsurface properties from passive lunar data. In this study, we want to evaluate the potential of this method further by examining the required duration of seismic measurements and the influence of scattering on the Green´s function retrieval. Therefore, we applied seismic interferometry to both measured Apollo 17 data and synthetic data. Our findings indicate that, under optimal conditions, a few hours of data are sufficient when using the method of time-scaled phase-weighted stack (ts-PWS). However, this strongly depends on the inter-station distance, the orientation towards the principal noise sources, and the timing of the measurement during the lunar cycle. Additionally, we were able to reproduce the measured data using numerical simulations in 2D. The synthetic results show that scattering effects clearly influence the Green´s function extraction, especially for larger station distances.

Description of the transmission characteristics among older adults is helpful for the tailored interventions. Epidemiological investigation combined with phylogenetic analysis were performed to reveal potential transmission linkage among the older people in Nanjing. During 2018-2022, 188 pol sequences were successfully amplified. Multiple genotypes were identified, including CRF07_BC (55.3%), CRF01_AE (30.3%), CRF08_BC (8.0%), B (3.2%), CRF55_01B (1.1%), CRF67_01B (0.5%),CRF68_01B (0.5%), and unique recombinant forms (URF) (1.1%). Transmission network analysis found 120 genetically linked patients forming 23 clusters (2-26 individuals). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with farmers and heterosexuals, patients with other occupation (OR= 0.404, 95% CI:0.173-0.945) and MSM (OR= 0.193, 95% CI:0.050-0.738) were less likely to have high linkage. Subjects who lived in suburban places were more likely to have high linkage (OR= 10.932, 95% CI:3.335-35.830). The Sankey diagram suggested that patients who lived in suburban places mainly transmitted the disease within the locally district (χ 2=24.192, P＜0.001). Among 188 pol segments, the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance was 8%. In suburban places with an increasing HIV-1 epidemic, there is a need to improve early detection and timely treatment. More tailored interventions for this subgroup are urgently needed.

Aims: Lenvatinib mesylate (LEN) is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LEN therapy for HCC is associated with a high incidence of adverse events, including hypertension (HTN). However, the risk factors associated with LEN therapy remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of LEN-induced HTN (LENiHTN) and the relationship between the incidence of HTN and patient demographics in patients with HCC receiving LEN therapy. Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective study of patients with HCC who received LEN therapy between 19 April 2018 and 30 September 2020. The observation period was from 1 week before the start to 1 month after the end of LEN administration. Results: In total, 75 patients with HCC were enrolled. LENiHTN of any grade was found in 74.7% of patients. The use of two or more antihypertensive agents before starting LEN was more common (P = 0.007); serum potassium (K), and albumin–bilirubin score (ALBI) were lower (P = 0.013 and 0.038, respectively); and albumin (Alb) was higher (P = 0.025). The cut-off values of K, Alb, and ALBI for HTN were estimated to be 4.1 mEq L-1, 3.1 g dL-1, and -1.736, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, K and ALBI were independent risk factors for LENiHTN. Conclusion: Low K and high ALBI were independent risk factors for LENiHTN. Systematic evaluation of HTN risk and early intervention for HTN prevention among high-risk patients can markedly enhance the efficacy and utilisation of LEN therapy.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NGD) are a group of progressive neurological disorders, like as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) that result in the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including cognitive decline, movement disorders, and dementia. In this study, we interest in PD, one of the neurological diseases that causes the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to movement disorders. The early diagnosis of PD seems the best way to improve the quality of the patient’s life by prescribing the appropriate treatment. The relevant observed symptoms are often discreet; these include slow movement, decreased performance in carrying out daily tasks, tremors, muscle stiffness, and various other psychological symptoms. Handwriting or drawing analysis is one of the dominant mechanisms supporting the early diagnosis and assessment of PD. Based on that, to improve the reliability of Parkinson’s disease (PD) detection, we implemented various data augmentation techniques to increase the size of the dataset. We then deploy and train various architectures of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), each capturing different salient features and aspects of the input data due to their unique layout and structure. We then carefully select promising feature vectors and apply various early fusion strategies before the final classification step. Early fusion combines the feature vectors extracted by multiple CNNs at an early stage, allowing the classification model to learn and recognize from different representations of the data provided by these CNNs. This technique is very beneficial as it improves the model’s ability to capture a wide range of features and significantly improves overall system performance. Our experimental results demonstrate that the fusion of frozen features from multiple deep CNN models yields a substantial improvement in accuracy, achieving an impressive exactness rate of 96.29%. This performance surpasses that of individual CNN models and even outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches, highlighting the effectiveness of our fusion-based strategy in enhancing PD detection accuracy.

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-7366-5.ch061

Positively engaged employees make organisations succeed by investing more time, taking additional responsibilities, helping others and have higher work satisfaction, performance and stay with the organisations. With policy shift towards outsourcing, there are unexplored impact on work engagement. An analytical correlational study was conducted at the apex quaternary care healthcare institute to find any difference in work engagement among the regular and outsourced employees and association with locus of control, a construct about control over one's significant matters. The study revealed that work engagement was higher among outsourced employees and increased with internalisation, age, experience and lower job insecurity. It is not affected by gender or level of education. Locus of control does not vary with age, experience, gender or level of education. The job insecurity decreases with age, experience and internalisation. It is not affected by education and is higher among female employees.

Background: Fractures of the paracondylar process of the occipital bone may cause headshaking, neck pain and neurologic deficits. The condition is being recognized more frequently with increasing availability of computed tomography. However, to date only limited information is available as to presentation, treatment, surgical approach and outcome. Objectives: To describe the clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment, surgical approach and outcome in three horses diagnosed with paracondylar process fracture. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Clinical records and diagnostic images of affected cases were reviewed, with informed owner consent. Results: Two cases with ventral fractures presented with neck pain and stiffness, one of which had a primary complaint of poor performance while the other also displayed headshaking and other behavioural changes. A third case with a more dorsal fracture presented with acute facial nerve paralysis. Diagnosis was by computed tomography in all cases. Conservative management resulted in improvement in all cases with available follow-up, although mild residual neurologic deficits remained in one. Repeated recurrence of clinical signs after prolonged periods of remission necessitated surgical removal in one case, which was readily accomplished with the aid of ultrasound guidance, and led to rapid resolution of clinical signs without significant post-operative complications. The surgical approach is described. Main Limitations: Limited follow-up was available for some cases. Conclusions: Paracondylar process fracture should be considered as a differential diagnosis for headshaking, neck pain, poor performance and facial paresis, and is a justification for performing computed tomography in such cases. A multi-disciplinary approach is beneficial due to the potential for orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and behavioural clinical signs, with additional need for expertise in diagnostic imaging and pain management. Surgical fragment removal should be considered in cases that do not respond adequately to conservative management.

We apply beamforming to enhance SKS, S2KS, S3KS, and PKS signals recorded across the United States, Mexico, and Central America. These phases are then used to investigate polarization- and propagation direction-dependent shear wave speeds (seismic anisotropy) in the deepest mantle beneath large swaths of North America and the northeastern Pacific Ocean. A differential splitting approach enables us to robustly identify contributions from D" anisotropy. Our results show strong seismic anisotropy in approximately half of our study region, indicating that D" anisotropy may be more prevalent than commonly thought. In some regions, the anisotropy may be induced by flow driven by sinking cold slabs, and in other, more compact regions, by upwelling flow. Measured splitting due to lowermost mantle anisotropy is sufficiently strong to be non-negligible in interpretations of SKS splitting due to upper mantle anisotropy in certain regions, which may prompt future re-evaluations of upper mantle anisotropy beneath North and Central America.

Study Design Retrospective cohort Objective To determine if time from admission to surgery for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Summary of Background Data At our institution, a specialised workflow was established for emergency spinal surgeries to take place safely during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods All patients admitted via the emergency department with thoracic or lumbar Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type A fractures and underwent single stage instrumentation from August 2015 to August 2022 at our institution were included in this study. The COVID-19 period was defined as the months from February 2020 to August 2022. The variables of interest included age, gender, date of admission, date of surgery and time from admission to surgery. Results From February 2020 to August 2022, 38 patients were identified. From August 2015 to January 2020, 102 patients were identified. The median number of days from admission to surgery was six for both the pre COVID-19 and COVID-19 period. During the COVID-19 period, more surgeries took place over the weekend (42.1% vs 12.8%, p<0.05). Conclusions The median time from admission to surgery was not affected by the pandemic. However, there was a significant increase in the proportion of weekend surgeries being performed during the COVID-19 period.

Background: There is no objective information reporting the effect of unilateral laser ventriculocordectomy (VeC) on arytenoid abduction or stability. Objectives: To evaluate arytenoid stability and abduction in horses with severe recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) before and after unilateral laser VeC. Study design: Prospective study in clinically affected client-owned horses. Methods: Sample size calculations indicated ≥7 horses were required. Horses with grade C or D exercising laryngeal function that underwent unilateral laser VeC were included. Exercising endoscopy was performed before and ≥6 weeks after left-sided laser VeC. Arytenoid stability at maximal exercise was calculated by measuring the left-to-right quotient angle ratio (LRQ) of the corniculate processes at the points of maximal arytenoid abduction (expiration) and maximal arytenoid collapse (inspiration). For each horse, means of measurements obtained for four breaths pre- and post-operatively were used for statistical analysis. Results: Eight horses were included: 5 grade C and 3 grade D laryngeal function. The difference in LRQ between inspiration and expiration was lower post-operatively (median 0.039; interquartile range [IQR] 0.032-0.047) compared to pre-operatively (median 0.158; IQR 0.083-0.249; p=0.01) confirming the left arytenoid was more stable following unilateral laser VeC. The degree of improvement was significantly greater for grade D horses compared to grade C horses (p=0.04). The LRQ measured on maximal abduction was also lower post-operatively (median 0.467; IQR 0.444-0.506) compared to pre-operatively (median 0.578; IQR 0.554-0.655; p=0.02) indicating the left arytenoid was less abducted following surgery. Main study limitations: The sample size was small, no racehorses were included and post-operative assessment was conducted at a variable time after surgery. Conclusion: Unilateral laser VeC in grade C and D RLN-affected horses results in slightly reduced left arytenoid abduction but increased arytenoid stability.