Case series of anthrax in IranAbstractThere are three types of anthrax and According to the evidence of several cases of gastrointestinal and meningeal anthrax in one of the villages of Iran We decided to share these rare cases and remind readers of the importance of paying attention to the history and epidemiology of anthrax.Keywords: anthrax, gastrointestinal, CNS, meningitis, Iran.1.IntroductionAnthrax is an uncommon disease. There are three defined type of anthrax: gastrointestinal, inhalation and cutaneous. The cutaneous form is the most common form, but the gastrointestinal and respiratory type has a high mortality rate (1), and If CNS involvement occurs, mortality increases. Since this disease Is not common, physiciains may not think about that and the disease may be miss diagnosed. According to the evidence of several cases of gastrointestinal and meningeal anthrax in a villages in the mountainous parts of western Iran, we decided to share these rare casesfor reminding physicians the importance of attention to epidemiology and exact history taking.Here we report foure anthrax cases all in one family living in a rural area of western Iran.2. Case PresentationCase1Case history : An 11-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital in 3 january 2023 with fever, nausea ,vomiting and decreased level of consciousness. The patient’s symptoms started 10 days ago with headache and continued with fever and nausea. The investigation started with the suspicion of meningitis or encephalitis, but the patient went into shock and was transferred to the ICU and in 4 january 2023 died.Examination : The patient’s vital signs include : temperature : 39°C , respiratory rate:30 breaths per minute, and pulse rate: 130 beats per minute and blood pressure: 90\50 mm Hg . The patient had decreased consciousness and had a stiff neck. No skin lesions were seen. Other examinations were normal.Differential diagnosis : With this history and laboratory, we thought of meningitis and encephalitis and septic shock and fungal infection and considered these as a differential diagnosis.Para clinical and laboratory findings : Laboratory studies are in table1. LP is taken, but due to the small volume of the sample received in LP, only was cultured and is not sent for analysis. The results of the patient’s blood and CSF cultures have been reported positive in less than 24 hours and the initial diagnosis was mycelium fungus, but in the re-examination, the fungal PCR is reported to be negative, and then it is announced that the bacillus is gram-positive, but its species could not be recognized. Then, the blood and csf sample was checked with BACTECT method and the diagnosis of anthrax was confirmed. [Table 1]Diagnosis: anthrax disease (gastrointestinal anthrax)Treatment: The patient died less than a few hours after admission and before diagnosis.

A metal-free photocatalytic alkynylation of carbamoyl radical for facile synthesis of alkynyl amides was described. This reaction utilized 4-carbamoyl 1,4-dihydropyridines as carbamoyl radical precursors, under visible light irradiation, reacted with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents through radical addition process. This protocol features well functional group tolerance, and broad substrate scope, for direct synthesis of alkynyl amide derivatives in good to excellent yields under mild and redox-neutral reaction conditions. The synthetic application is further demonstrated by the late-stage installation of alkynyl amides into the natural product and active pharmaceutical relevant molecules. The mechanistic studies indicated that simultaneous existance between photoredox catalytic and direct photoexcited processes.

Fuzzy set theory, allows for degrees of membership and introduces membership functions to model imprecise information. Q-fuzzy set theory extends this by incorporating linguistic quantifiers for a flexible representation of uncertainty. Intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, adds a separate degree of non-membership for a more comprehensive portrayal of uncertainty. Refined intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, further enhances precision by subdividing membership and non-membership values, addressing the limitation of singular assignments in representing uncertainty. This research delves into the foundational aspects of refined intuitionistic Q-fuzzy set (RIQFS) and investigates several key properties associated with this specialized mathematical framework, like subset, equal set, null set, and complement set within the framework of refined intuitionistic Q-fuzzy set. The investigation also involves conceptualizing basic settheoretic operations, including union, intersection, extended intersection, restricted union, restricted intersection, and restricted difference. Furthermore, the analysis explores fundamental laws, elucidating each with illustrative examples to facilitate a clearer understanding.

Aim: Today, the approval for a generic topical product includes the presentation of therapeutic equivalence to the originator based on clinical trials. To facilitate this procedure, in 2018 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) published a draft guideline on quality and equivalence of topical products, which includes request parameters regarding the quality of the newly developed generic product and test protocols for the implementation of equivalence tests with respect to efficacy. Methods: To date, no data are available on the quality and evidence of the proposed test conditions. In this study, we performed an in vitro penetration test (IVPT) following the terms of the EMA draft guideline on two authorized topical products for which therapeutic equivalence was already proven during the approval process. Results: The complex biometric data processing revealed that in vitro equivalence could not be observed for all skin sections for both, originator and generic product. Moreover, the necessity of the negative control proposed in the draft guideline is more as questionable. From the results presented, there were indications that a reduced number of skin donors would be sufficient in order to achieve statistically significant equivalence in the comparison of all applied formulations, decreasing simultaneously the degree of biodiversity. Moreover, a higher number of independent replicates (n>2) is proposed for proper statistics. Conclusion: This bioequivalence study shows insufficient parameters in the EMA draft guideline, which should be discussed.

In E. coli K-12, absence of dephospho-PtsN, is thought to cause an L-leucine sensitive growth phenotype (LeuS) by hyperactivated K+ uptake mediated impairment of the expression of the ilvBN operon, encoding subunits of the L-valine (Val) sensitive acetohyrodxyacid synthase I (AHAS I), that renders residual AHAS activity susceptible to inhibition by Leu and K+.  This is thought to lead to AHAS insufficiency and a requirement for isoleucine (Ile). Herein we provide an alternate mechanism for LeuS of the ∆ptsN mutant. Genetic and physiological studies with suppressors of the LeuS, indicate that impaired expression of the ilvBN operon jointly caused by the absence of dephospho-PtsN and the presence of Leu coupled to Leu mediated repression of expression of AHAS III leads to AHAS insufficiency rendering residual AHAS activity susceptible to chronic Val stress that may be generated by exogenous Leu. Hyperactivated K+ uptake and an elevated α-ketobutyrate level, mediate elevation of ilvBN expression, and alleviate the LeuS. The requirement of dephospho-PtsN as a positive regulator of ilvBN expression, may buffer Ile biosynthesis against Leu mediated AHAS insufficiency and protect AHAS I function from chronic endogenous Val generated by Leu and could be realised in certain environments that impair AHAS function.

Optimising Real-World Evidence Studies for Regulatory Decision-Making and Impact Assessment in PharmacovigilanceRunning title: Optimising RWE for Regulatory DecisionsIgnatios Ioakeim-Skoufa 1,2,3,4,5,6, Miguel Ángel Hernández Rodríguez4,7,*1Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health,2Emerging Technologies Advisory Group, ISACA,3EpiChron Research Group on Chronic Diseases, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), ,4Drug Utilisation Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC),5Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), of Carlos III (ISCIII),6Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, of ,7Support and Planning Unit, Directorate of the Canary Islands Health Service,*Corresponding author: Miguel Ángel Hernández Rodríguez, miguelahr@gmail.comORCiDIgnatios Ioakeim-Skoufa: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-749XMiguel Angel Hernández Rodríguez: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-8057This manuscript is an original study, has not been published elsewhere, nor prior postings/presentations, and is not currently under consideration by another journal. All authors contributed significantly to this work and have read and approved the final version submitted.Additionally, to our knowledge, the named authors have no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.This research received no external funding.Ethical approval and Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.Acknowledgements: The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Dr. Kerry Atkins (Health Technology Assessment Policy Branch, Australian Government Department of Health) for his invaluable insights and support.

Purpose: Long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) has been shown to be associated with opioid overdose, but the definition of LTOT varies widely across studies. We use a rigorous LTOT definition to examine risk of opioid overdose by duration of treatment. Methods: Data were from a large private health insurance provider in North Carolina linked to mortality records from 2006-2018. Eligible patients were adults (18-64) newly initiating opioid therapy after a pain diagnosis or surgery. We defined LTOT as ≥1 opioid prescription per month totaling ≥60 days’ supply within 90 days. We used inverse probability- (IP) weighted cumulative incidence functions to estimate three-year risk of opioid overdose and IP-weighted Fine-Gray models to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios, comparing LTOT to short- to medium-term opioid therapy (SMTOT). We also examined modification by derived indication of acute pain or surgery versus chronic pain. Results: We identified 491,369 patients, and 1.7% were exposed to LTOT. The three-year risk of opioid overdose was 0.3 percentage points (RD w= 0.003, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005) higher in LTOT patients compared to patients with SMTOT. The weighted hazard of opioid overdose was 4.4 times as high (HR w 4.42, 95% CI 2.41, 8.11) among patients exposed to LTOT versus SMTOT. We did not find meaningful modification by clinical indication for opioid therapy. Conclusions: Exposure to LTOT was associated with increased risk of opioid overdose in this population of privately insured patients using a rigorous definition of LTOT. These findings confirm the importance of guidelines to minimize duration of opioid therapy whenever possible.

Diseases are major natural disturbances to forest ecosystems that cause changes to overstory tree structure and influence seedling dynamics by altering environmental conditions via functional traits. Thus, identifying the factors affecting seedling dynamics would improve the broader understanding of the seedling regeneration process after disease disturbance. We investigated 13,010 current year seedlings from 59 woody species, 44 genera, and 21 families following Japanese oak wilt disease (JOW) in 2009–2013 and 2018–2020 in a Japanese warm-temperate secondary forest. We also quantified temporal changes in canopy openness and soil moisture. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the effects of environmental conditions and seedling functional traits on current year seedling density in autumn. Canopy openness gradually increased, whereas soil water content decreased throughout the study site. After 3‒5 years of disruption by JOW, the recruitment of current year seedlings increased through improvements in light conditions. The recruitment of non-current year seedlings increased after the improvement of current year seedling emergence. The functional traits of current year seedlings were likely to be affected by soil nutrients in the late JOW period, whereas litterfall production influenced the functional traits of current year seedlings in the post-JOW period. Factors affecting seedling density varied as environmental conditions changed across the JOW periods. Seedling establishment was enhanced by increased canopy openness in the late JOW period and by low litterfall, high soil nutrient content, and high soil moisture in the post-JOW period. The lack of any direct effect of seedling functional traits on seedling density might be associated with extensive changes in abiotic conditions caused by JOW disturbance. Our study provides evidence that the temporal changes in environmental conditions and seedling densities occurring after disruption by JOW differed from the changes in forests impacted by other natural disturbances.

Efficient social interaction is essential for an adaptive life and consists of sequential processes of multisensory events with social counterparts. Social touch/contact is a unique component that promotes a sequence of social behaviors initiated by detection and approach to assess a social stimulus and subsequent maintenance of touch/contacts to form prosocial relationships. We hypothesized that the thalamic sensory relay circuit from the posterior intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus (pIL) to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the medial amygdala (MeA) plays a key role in the social contact-mediated sequence of events. We found that neurons in the pIL along with the PVN and MeA, were activated by social encounters, and that pIL activity was more abundant in a direct physical encounter, whereas MeA activity was dominant in an indirect via grid encounter. Chemogenetic inhibition of pIL neurons selectively decreased the investigatory approach and sniffing of a same-sex, but not an opposite-sex, stimulus mouse in an indirect encounter situation and decreased the facial/snout contact ratio in a direct encounter setting. Furthermore, chemogenetic pIL inhibition had no impact on anxiety-like behaviors or body coordinative motor behaviors, but it impaired whisker-related and plantar touch tactile sense. We propose that the pIL circuit can relay social tactile sensations and mediate the sequence of non-sexual prosocial interactions using an investigatory approach through tactile contact.

Racial bias peaks during middle childhood. The development of internal motivation to respond without prejudice (internal MRWP; i.e., a desire to act according to internalized beliefs about racial equality) and external motivation to respond without prejudice (external MRWP; i.e., the desire to appear non-prejudicial in order to avoid social censure or rejection) may help to reduce children’s racial bias. However, internal and external MRWP have almost exclusively been studied among adults. The current review seeks to situate adult internal and external MRWP research within established developmental psychological theories in order to provide a framework for needed developmental research in this area. We consider peer group norms, same- and cross-race friendships, and schools as possible contexts for internal and external MRWP development in middle childhood. Given the urgent threat that racial prejudice poses to society, better understanding the development of motivations to respond without prejudice from early in life is critical.

Many similar sepsid dung fly species coexist on European pastures, contradicting conventional wisdom of niche theory and competitive exclusion. We hypothesized that closely-related sepsid species on the same pasture in Switzerland avoid each other by having different spatio-temporal microhabitat niche preferences, thus enabling coexistence. A thermal racetrack experiment in the laboratory tested the thermal preferences of males and females of 9 coexisting temperate Sepsis dung fly species from Switzerland at two acclimation temperatures. The sepsid species investigated here showed no strong differences in thermal preferences. Flies of all species preferred to settle at cooler temperatures, and otherwise utilized the entire range (from 12°C to 30°C) offered for their activities. This was the case for both sexes, and also for both acclimation temperatures (18°C, 24°C). Our findings suggest that physiological thermal adaptation or acclimation is not an important mechanism by which adult sepsid flies avoid interspecific competition. Our experiment supports previous findings of widespread sepsid flies lacking local adaptation but high phenotypic plasticity, again highlighting the necessity of experimentally assessing putative biological mechanisms facilitating coexistence.

The effects of tactile information sharing on empathy and reward systems in interpersonal interaction are significant. Recent technological developments have enabled tactile information sharing in remote communication, but its effects on brain plasticity have not been investigated. To this aim, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we investigated whether conveying tactile information during remote communication induces plastic changes in functional connectivity. Seventy participants participated in conversations either with or without tactile stimulation. During the social interaction phase, participants engaged in a 15-minute conversation with the experimenter. Afterward, the tactile group showed a higher emotional connection score than the control group. Notable plastic changes in functional connectivity were observed in the striatum-orbitofrontal cortex and striatum-inferior frontal gyrus of the tactile group compared to the control group. In addition, a significant correlation between emotional connection and the connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus was identified. These findings suggest that remote tactile communication systems have the potential to amplify emotional experiences and foster enhanced interpersonal connections in virtual interactions.

Introduction Patients increasingly use online sources to research treatment options and YouTube is the most used online video source. An estimated 40% of Americans watch YouTube videos regarding health and medicine; however, YouTube is unregulated and non-peer-reviewed. Methods We searched for YouTube videos using the term “Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator.” Videos were categorized by uploader type and assessed using two methodologies: the modified DISCERN criteria (range: 0-25) and an electrophysiologist-reviewed Novel ICD (NI) score (range: 0-10). Qualitative score cut-offs were implemented stratifying the videos as: very poor, poor, average, good, and excellent. Secondary outcomes such as measures of popularity, duration, and audio-visual quality were collected and analyzed. Results Overall video quality was poor and highly variable across both scoring systems: mean modified DISCERN = 13.19±5.12; mean NI score = 4.09±2.56. Videos uploaded from academic institutions had a significantly higher modified DISCERN score than medical device companies, 13.97 (±4.59) vs. 9.039 (±5.16) (p=0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between video duration and both NI score (r=0.77, p<0.001) and modified DISCERN criteria (r=0.57, p<0.001). None of the metrics of video popularity correlated with video quality. Conclusion YouTube videos regarding ICDs available to patients were of a low and highly-variable quality. Factors such as uploader type, duration, and search position correlated with video quality. Although longer videos were more informative, videos that were optimal in length for attention (6 to 9 minutes) were variable in quality. More popular videos were not of higher quality, indicating that video preference by patients can be flawed.

Understanding the factors influencing how fast populations can spread across the landscape will be crucial as species ranges shift due to climate change. While the role of abiotic factors in determining expansion speed has been well studied in theory and empirical research, how interspecific interactions such as competition impact speed has received far less attention. Here, we investigated how seed dispersal distances change in response to competition and how these changes to seed distributions impact expansion speed. We dispersed four genotypes of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana with variation in life history traits into greenhouse mesocosms of either empty habitat or habitat containing the annual grass competitor, Lolium multiflorum. We found that competition decreased both mean and maximum dispersal distance. We then built a simulation model of range expansion with experimental data from this and a prior experiment to understand whether competition slows species expansions primarily through decreasing dispersal or fecundity. We found that competition primarily slows expansion speed through decreases in dispersal, but that when competition impacts both dispersal and fecundity, expansions slow more than with dispersal alone. The genotype with traits associated with longer distance dispersal was the most affected by competition in both experimental dispersal and simulations. This research suggests that not only does competition slow range expansions through decreases in both fecundity and dispersal, but that there may be consequences for evolutionary processes at the leading edge.

Hysteroscopy is a complementary tool to the traditional transrectal palpation and ultrasonography commonly performed by equine practitioners. Once mastered, it is a quick and useful diagnostic tool for the general and targeted evaluation of the endometrium and provides real time information about potential causes of subfertility. Samples of intrauterine fluid and the endometrium can be taken via transendoscopic catheters or infusion pipettes or via the use of traditional endometrial biopsy forceps. In addition to being a useful diagnostic tool, treatments can often be performed at the same time the pathologies are identified, providing mare owners with information and resolution of problems. With the development of additional technologies, hysteroscopy allows for optical biopsies to be performed, which will likely increase in use as the software moves from the research laboratories to clinical practice. Hysteroscopy is an easily learned, useful clinical skill for the identification of abnormalities in the mares' reproductive tract.

Photosynthetic compensation is an effective strategy for optimizing light energy utilization in heterogeneous light (HL). However, it is often impaired, and the involving mechanisms remain unclear, particularly in C 4 plants. When maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivars with different photosynthetic compensation capability were exposed to HL, P n of shaded leaves (S-leaves) decreased in both cultivars, while the P n of unshaded leaves (US-leaves) increased in RY1210(RY) and decreased in ZD808(ZD). Results also showed increased SPS level, decreased AGPase level, and reduced Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) content in US-leaves of both cultivars, indicating enhanced flux from triose phosphate (TP) to sucrose synthesis under HL. In addition, SUTs and SWEETs levels of US-leaves increased in RY, while they decreased in ZD. This result implies that the sucrose export from the US-leaves of plants with photosynthetic compensation was enhanced. In US-leaves of ZD, restricted sucrose export led to increased sucrose and starch, accompanied by a substantial rise in TST2/ SUT2 and extensive accumulation of sucrose in vacuoles. In summary, photosynthetic compensation involves enhanced flux from TP to sucrose synthesis and increased sucrose export in US-leaves. In this process, Tre6P may function as a systemic signal modulator, regulating sucrose synthesis in source leaves and phloem loading. The increased sucrose storage in vacuoles may delay the Tre6P perception of sucrose levels induced by HL, which ensures the increased flux of sucrose synthesis.

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Edge computing has emerged as the leading framework for addressing the need for low latency and high reliability in various applications. To achieve efficient completion of tasks in edge computing, considerable efforts have been made to design effective offloading strategies. However, most of these strategies are proposed without undergoing quantitative analysis and verification to ensure their correctness and robustness. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid offloading strategy framework, encompassing delay-based, energy-efficient, and energy-delay tradeoff strategies, aimed at improving the comprehensibility and verifiability of offloading strategies, and addressing this gap. Additionally, we employ probabilistic model checking, specifically Prism, to quantitatively analyze and validate the reliability of the proposed hybrid framework. Our method addresses the need for rigorous quantitative analysis and verification of edge computing offloading strategies, ensuring the correctness and robustness. The outcomes of this paper provide practical solutions and insights to the field, advancing the development of trustworthy and efficient offloading strategies for edge computing systems.

Infertility is a medical problem and carries serious demographic, social, as well as health consequences. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the relationship between infertility and highly educated working women after controlling for certain socioeconomic and demographic variables and efforts have been made to see this relational difference between urban and rural residing women. The information about infertile women is collected from currently married women aged 20-35 using fourth round of National Family Health Survey data. Bivariate analysis along with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression is used to access the relationship of our objective. Findings of the bivariate analysis revealed that among sample of 40,401 currently married women 9.4% women are infertile in India. Out of 9.4% infertile women, 10.7% reside in urban and 8.8% in rural areas. Findings of logistic regression analysis show that women are 20% more likely to be infertile if they are highly educated as well as have a job. Due to aspirations to attain a higher educational level and attain employment, marriage is delayed as a result of which in confirmation with aforementioned causation factors (higher age at marriage, urban living style, etc.), the infertility rate is high among this subgroup of the population.

Background: The South Korean government implemented the Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) on 18 May 2018 to manage benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs) and narcotics effectively and establish a reporting mechanism for these drugs. This study assessed the effects of NIMS on inappropriate use of BzRAs. Methods: Using National Patient Sample data from 2016 to 2020, we analysed adult outpatients who were prescribed oral BzRAs. We conducted a time series and segmented regression analysis using selected indicators to analyse the monthly variations related to the inappropriate use of these medications. Results: The study revealed no significant changes in the indicators of inappropriate BzRA use following the NIMS implementation. Contrary to expectations, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients exceeding Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and in those receiving concurrent prescriptions of multiple BzRAs, following the implementation of NIMS. The immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was an increase in DDD exceedance; however, overall, this did not significantly affect BzRA use. Conclusion: The introduction of NIMS did not significantly enhance the management of BzRA misuse. Additional measures, including continuous monitoring, system improvements, and comprehensive education for prescribers and patients, are recommended to ensure the appropriate use of psychotropic medications.

The synthesis of substituted 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones has attracted considerable attention of synthetic chemists because they present in numbers of natural products and biologically active molecules. Herein, a novel and convenient copper-catalyzed oxidative intramolecular cyclization of N-(2-acetylphenyl)picolinamide for the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones has been developed. Moreover, the detailed mechanism presented is supported by control experiments and density function-al theory calculations. This method provides direct access to 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones in high yield and good functional group tolerance. Atom-economy, avoidance of the preparation for substrates and step economy make this protocol be practical. This strategy provides an alternative synthetic method to ex-plore the synthetic application of various types of 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones and their enantiopure deriv-atives.

Linear barriers pose significant challenges for wildlife gene flow, impacting species persistence, adaptation, and evolution. While numerous studies have examined the effects of linear barriers (e.g., fences, roadways) on partitioning urban and non-urban areas, understanding their influence on gene flow within cities remains limited. Here, we investigated the impact of linear barriers on coyote (Canis latrans) population structure in Seattle, Washington, where major barriers (i.e., interstate highways and bodies of water) divide the city into distinct quadrants. Notably, private allele analysis underscored limited interbreeding among quadrants. When comparing one quadrant to the next, there were up to 16 private alleles within a single quadrant, representing nearly 22% of the population allelic diversity. Our analysis revealed weak isolation by distance, and despite being a highly mobile species, genetic structuring was apparent between quadrants even with extremely short geographic distance between individual coyotes, implying that Interstate 5 and the Ship Canal act as major barriers. Lack of gene flow may stem from the perceived risk of crossing these barriers, as even despite the presence of structural connectivity features (e.g., bridges and underpasses), functional connectivity may remain limited. Urban areas provide refuge and resources for wildlife but come with tradeoffs, as evidenced by restricted gene flow and potential long-term impacts on population viability and evolution. This study advances our understanding of gene flow and its consequences in cities, a crucial component for bolstering wildlife conservation and management in rapidly urbanizing environments.

In shallow water environments, traditional technologies face challenges in retrieving unexploded ordnance (UXO). We present an innovative and safe alternative robotic platform to replace traditional divers in this dangerous task. A waterproof eighteen-DOF legged robot MR. Crab has been developed specifically for the purpose of locating and recovering UXO. Utilizing walking legs for both locomotion and manipulation, the robot demonstrates the capability to pick up inert UXO weighing at 2.78kg (half robot’s mass) with one pair of walking legs and 10.5kg (184% of robot’s mass) when utilizing all three pairs of legs. To enhance our understanding of the gripping capacity, static analysis was conducted to predict the maximum weight of graspable UXO with respect to UXO radii. For easier control, a user-friendly GUI had been built for remote teleoperation. Additionally, an automatic gripping algorithm was developed to efficiently place the robot in the optimal gripping position and then grab the inert UXO.