Title: Genital rash: A manifestation of metastatic Crohn’s diseaseRunning title: Metastatic Crohn’s DiseaseChetwood JD, Arzivian A, Shin JS, Tamilarasan GT

Al 2014 is a high-strength aluminum alloy widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries for its mechanical robustness. This study investigates the impact of three heat treatment processes—Retrogression and Re-aging (RRA), T6 standard aging, and a modified RRA with high-temperature pre-aging—on the hardness and corrosion resistance of Al 2014. Potentiodynamic electrochemical polarization studies in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution assessed corrosion resistance, revealing that heat treatment, which induces precipitation hardening, shifted the corrosion potential (E) toward the noble direction. The formation of Al2Cu precipitates is linked to enhanced corrosion resistance. Furthermore, T6-treated samples exhibited a higher corrosion current density compared to untreated Al 2014 alloy samples, suggesting superior corrosion resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of corroded surfaces showed evidence of general and pitting corrosion, with distinct patterns among the three heat treatment processes. Comparative analysis revealed that the T6 standard aging process offered the best hardness and corrosion resistance, likely due to stable precipitate formation during aging. RRA also delivered good performance, suggesting it is a viable alternative where a balance between hardness and toughness is needed. The modified RRA with high-temperature pre-aging yielded lower performance, likely due to overaging, reducing hardness and corrosion resistance. These findings underscore the importance of heat treatment in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Al 2014 alloy, suggesting that specific processes can improve the alloy’s durability in corrosive environments, leading to extended lifespan and reduced maintenance costs.

Background and Purpose: Given the recent rise in cannabis legalization, accessibility and consumption by pregnant individuals, there are unintended developmental consequences considering the key role that the endocannabinoid system plays in fetal development and later-life energy homeostasis. Whether perinatal cannabis exposure (PCE) affects energy homeostasis positively or adversely in adulthood is unknown. We explored the long-term effects of maternal voluntary oral cannabis consumption on the metabolic outcomes of high fat diet (HFD) in adult offspring. Experimental Approach: Pregnant mice voluntarily consumed cannabis from gestational day 1.5 until postnatal day (PD) 10. Pregnancy and pup outcomes and active maternal behavior were recorded. Male and female offspring (PD49) were placed on a 12-week HFD or control diet; their weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, circulating hormones, and pancreas structure were measured. Key Results: PCE pup weight was reduced but was restored by PD16. PCE did not influence weight gain or metabolic characteristics of male mice on a HFD. However, PCE female offspring on a HFD had reduced accumulation of adipose tissue and lower insulin, leptin, and resistin independent of body weight and while PCE females on control diet showed altered basal insulin sensitivity likely due to increased glucagon levels in parallel with reduced islets of Langerhans size and enhanced gene expression of cannabinoid 2 receptors in white adipose tissue. Conclusion and Implications: PCE influences metabolic outcomes in female offspring; it adversely affected glycemic control in female offspring on control diet while it mitigated HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction. This raises concerns about the long-term effects of PCE on the metabolic health of offspring.

Perimenopausal depression is a subtype of depression and its pathogenesis is still unclear, which affects its prevention and treatment to a certain extent. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an advanced center for cognitive and emotional integration, which is intimately connected to the development of perimenopausal depression. Using an untargeted metabolomic analysis, the study attempts to explore whether quercetin can have a protective effect on perimenopausal depression. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=12): the sham group, the model group, the model+17β-estradiol (E 2) intervention group (0.27 mg/kg.bw), the model+quercetin intervention group (50 mg/kg.bw). Subsequently, perimenopausal depression rat model was established using ovariectomy (OVX) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After the experiment, tissues from PFC were collected for subsequent metabolomic analyses as well as the detection of phospholipase A 2 (PLA2), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and malondialdehyde (MDA). A total of 13 differential metabolites were identified in the model group, and a pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the metabolism disorders of PFC were mainly related to lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carnitine synthesis. Notably, this study further discovered that lipid metabolism disorders might cause ferroptosis in PFC of rat model with perimenopausal depression. These changes in differential metabolites were normalized after an intervention with quercetin and E 2, suggesting that quercetin could regulate the metabolic disorders of PFC in perimenopausal depression rat model via exerting the estrogen-like and neuroprotective effect. Quercetin may be a potential adjuvant for perimenopausal depression.

Bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-type intermediate (BOI) is a crucial intermediate that can react with water to undergo decarboxylation and produce theaflavins. Given this reactivity, it is logical to assume that BOI can also react with other polar solvents, such as alcohols, to yield the corresponding analogues. In this study, pyrogallol (PG) was used as the substrate and Ag2O as the oxidant to synthesize BOIPPG in an acetone system. Subsequently, our hypothesis was confirmed by the successful synthesis of e-substituted purpurogallin formic acid ester derivatives. Finally, we established a novel detailed mechanism for the generation of benzotropolone derivatives with the aid of a mechanical quantum.

This study aimed to investigate the soil seed banks in the Moremi Game Reserve Riparian Woodlands (hereafter MGRWs) of the Okavango Delta, northern Botswana. We determined diversity indices, densities, spatial distribution of seeds in the soil, and compared the similarity in species composition between the standing vegetation and soil seed bank flora. The vegetation was sampled in 42 plots (20 × 50 m) and soil samples were collected from 336 subplots. Soil seed bank communities were determined using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. Indicator values were calculated using indicator species analysis for species in each community of germinated seeds and across different soil layers. To infer spatial relationships of soil layers in terms of soil seed bank composition Bray-Curtis ordination was used. A total of 124 plant species were identified in the litter and top 9 cm soil layers with a mean density of 1,933 seeds m-2. Herbs, grasses, sedges, and woody plants were represented by 69, 25, 17, and 13 species, respectively, in 33 families and 92 genera. The overall diversity and evenness of the soil seed bank in the MGRWs were 3.7 and 0.77, respectively. The results revealed that Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Asteraceae are the most dominant families in all the germinated species. Four plant communities, namely Kohautia virgata-Ammania baccifera, Bidens pilosa-Urochloa mosambisensis, Setaria verticillata-Brachiaria deflexa, and Cynodon dactylon-Cyperus longus were identified from the soil seed bank. Bray-Curtis ordination showed that there was an overlap between these communities in terms of seed bank composition. However, MRPP analysis showed that there was significant (P < 0.05) separation between germinated soil seed bank communities. The overall spatial horizontal distribution of seeds varied among sampling quadrats while the vertical distribution of seeds exhibited the highest densities occurring in the upper 3cm of the soil and gradually decreasing densities with increasing depth.

This review examines the advancements and methodologies in long-term wind speed and power forecasting. It emphasizes the importance of these techniques in the integration of wind energy into power systems. The study covers a range of forecasting time horizons from monthly to multiyear forecasts. It highlights the diversity of applications and methodologies necessary to address the inherent variability and unpredictability of wind energy. Various forecasting methods including statistical models, machine learning techniques, and hybrid models are discussed in detail. The discussions demonstrate their effectiveness in improving the forecast accuracy and reliability across different temporal and geographical scales. The review identifies significant challenges such as model complexity, data limitations, and the need for forecasts to accommodate regional variabilities. The future directions include enhancing model integration, using higher-resolution data, and increasing collaborative efforts across fields to refine the forecasting methodologies. This comprehensive analysis aims to advance the knowledge on wind forecasting, facilitate the efficient integration of wind power into global energy systems, and contribute to sustainable energy development goals.

In low-voltage applications using low-Q LC filters, alias-free capacitor voltage acquisition can be achieved, but synchronous capacitor voltage sampling under high-Q filters used in high-voltage applications in grid-forming converters causes some degree of distortion and results in degradation of the power supply quality. And the 1.5 beat delay inherent in this approach limits the control bandwidth, reduces the stability region, and results in an inadequate time domain response. Despite these shortcomings, this approach is widely accepted in practice. This paper concludes that sampling 2us before the synchronous instant results in almost the same distortion as synchronous sampling, however, it can improve the dynamic performance of the system. A distortion-acceptable univariate feedback voltage dual-loop active damping control topology with much reduced computational delay is proposed, which is based on an internal active damping loop using a discrete lead compensator and a proportional resonance controller in the external voltage loop.

We consider conditions for the decay in time of solutions of non-homogenous hyperbolic equations. It is proven that solutions of the equations go to 0 in L 2 at infinity if and only if an equation’s right-hand side uniquely determines the initial conditions in a certain way. We also obtain that a hyperbolic equation has a unique solution that fades when t→∞.

INTRODUCTIONHereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease involving the ADMATS13 gene. Common causes of TTP include infection, inflammation or pregnancy. However, hereditary TTP occurs mostly in children and pregnant women, accounting for only 5% of all total cases of TTP.1Homozygous or double heterozygous mutations of theADAMTS13 gene, result in plasma ADAMTS13 activity absence or severe deficiency. ADAMTS13 is located on chromatin 9q34, contains 29 exons, and encodes a 1427 amino acid multidomain protein.2 The most common types of types of mutations are nonsense , followed by missense, frameshift insertions, or deletions, which can be distributed throughout the gene.3Reduced or absent ADAMTS13 activity in the plasma results in the failure of timely degradation of abnormally released von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, which can spontaneously bind to platelets, leading to microvascular thrombosis and subsequent organ dysfunction.4,5 Most Hereditary TTP cases are diagnosed during childhood or early adolescence after the first acute episode. Here, we present a case of hereditary TTP in a 30 year old female, which resulted from a compound heterozygous mutation of ADAMTS13 c.1045C > T (p.Arg349Cys) and c.2411G > A(p.Cys 804Tyr).

Leaf photosynthesis models are used extensively in photosynthesis research and are embedded in many larger scale models. Typical photosynthesis models simplify light intensity as the integrated intensity over the 400 to 700 nm waveband (Photosynthetic Active Radiation; PAR). However, far-red light (700-750 nm, FR) also drives photosynthesis when supplied in addition to light within the PAR spectrum. Currently, it is unknown how much far-red light contributes to carbon assimilation under various spectral light conditions. We developed a combined experimental and computational method to quantify FR stimulation. Gas-exchange parameters and incident light spectra were measured simultaneously and analysed with wavelength-dependent modelling of light harvesting. Hereto, separate excitation of Photosystem I and Photosystem II was calculated from incident light spectra. The effect of FR supplementation on photosynthesis was subsequently modelled and expressed as a single parameter ρ. We tested our method on Solanum dulcamara, Lactuca sativa and Phaseolus vulgaris under various light conditions. Results show consistent species-specific ρ-values across a range of FR levels. Our method provides an approach to consistently quantify the effect of FR stimulation on photosynthesis and harmonize the interpretation of photosynthesis measurements under different light regimes, for example in (experimental) setups with artificial FR supplementation or in canopies.

Wnt5a plays an important role in the process of cell development and maturation and is closely related to various diseases, such as malignant tumors, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, growth and development. Recent studies have shown that Wnt5a expression regulation and signal transduction are closely related to inflammatory response. This paper comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between Wnt5a and various inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis vulgare, etc. The mechanism of Wnt5a protein in the pathogenesis of these diseases was elucidated, which provided a basis for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases with Wnt5a as a possible target in the future.

Objective: The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognostic implications in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) manifesting as bone marrow invasion accompanied by peripheral blood counts. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients diagnosed with DLBCL involving bone marrow and exhibiting peripheral blood abnormalities. Detailed clinical data, laboratory investigations, bone marrow biopsy hematoxylin and eosin (HE) sections, and immunohistochemical stains were compiled and analyzed. Results: Among the patients, B symptoms (11/16, 68.75%) and fatigue (9/16, 56.25%) were the most common symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of bone marrow biopsy was 100%(16/16). The distribution pattern of abnormal cells in bone marrow biopsies was diffuse in 37.5%(6/16), interstitial in 31.25%(5/16), mixed in 18.75%(3/16), and nodular in 12.5%(2/16) of cases. The tumors originated from the germinal center in 12.5% (2/16) of cases and from non-germinal center sources in 87.5%(14/16). Fibrosis grades were distributed as follows: grade 0 in 1 case (1/16), grade 1 in 7 cases (7/16), and grade 2 in 8 cases (8/16).All 16 patients exhibited invasive disease progression, 3 fatalities ocuuring due to lack of treatment.1 patient unfortunately passed away six months after commencing R-CHOP and R-DHAP chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive insight into the clinical and pathological features of DLBCL infiltrating bone marrow with peripheral blood reduction, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnostic techniques and timely intervention in these patients.

A document by Shangwang Liu. Click on the document to view its contents.

Efficient handling of perishable medication inventory is crucial for maintaining healthcare system operations. It prioritizes patient needs while also aiming to minimize costs and environmental impact. This study enhanced a production inventory model to address the distinct challenges like deterioration, preservation technology, and carbon emissions associated with perishable medications. With these considerations, a mathematical model has developed an optimal production inventory that balances cost efficiency with environmental sustainability. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and results validated the model's effectiveness across diverse scenarios.

Background Consumption of raw cow’s milk has repeatedly been shown to protect from asthma, allergies, and respiratory infections. As raw milk bears potential health hazards, it cannot be recommended for prevention. Therefore, we performed an intervention study with microbially safe but otherwise minimally processed cow’s milk. Here we describe feasibility and safety of the trial. Methods The MARTHA trial (DRKS00014781) was set up as a double-blind randomized intervention in a population residing in Bavaria. Infants from 6 to 36 months of age consumed minimally processed cow’s milk (intervention arm) or ultra-heat-treated (UHT) semi-skimmed milk (comparator arm). Results At the age of 6 to 12 months, 260 infants were enrolled, with 72% having a family history of atopy. The extensive screening system for milk consumption and symptoms suggestive of adverse events was well accepted with 22,988 completed weekly surveys and an average completion of 82% surveys sent out. The children consumed the study milk on average on 457 days (61% of intervention days). The intervention proved to be safe without any case of milk allergy or milk intolerance under the intervention in both arms. All 6 cases of serious adverse events were unrelated to milk. The most common reason was unscheduled hospitalization of more than 3 days. Conclusions The intervention with minimally processed milk and the study instruments proved feasible. During the age of 6 to 36 months, there was no increased risk of milk allergy in a population with a substantial proportion of family history of atopy.

In this paper, the generalized inverse of element in an associative ring is studied. Two kinds of new generalized inverses named gao zhou inverse and F-generalized zhou inverse are proposed and their properties will be thoroughly revealed. From the properties, it can be seen that the F-generalized zhou inverse is between the generalized zhou inverse and the Drazin inverse, and the gao zhou inverse is the generalization of zhou inverse.

Background: Supposed ‘spontaneous’ remissions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/CLL are extremely rare. By the most stringent immunophenotypic criteria, there are only seven cases to date of unexplained, immune system effected cures. A historic review of this phenomenon is presented as context for this eighth case of CLL immunophenotypic reversal. Case history: A 59-year-old, molecular biologist, stage I CLL, whose diagnosis and recovery were both thoroughly documented, not content to watch and wait, chose to treat himself, after individual tumour susceptibility testing, with evidence based, biological response modifiers, which initially seemed to keep his CLL stable. This included 1mg of hydroxocobalamin injected i.m. daily. However, after some years his lymphocytosis began slowly to drift upwards. At that point, he was persuaded to change his injection protocol to methylcobalamin, at 50 mg i.m. a day, a dose whose clinical safety is sufficiently well established, and a form of cobalamin that the research literature shows has anticancer actions. Outcome: This change in cobalamin form and dose proved a critical turning point. Complete disappearance of the lymphocytosis also coincided with a severe infection and an even further temporary increase of the parenteral methylcobalamin dose, both catalytic factors. In the 4th & 5th years following this, the patient’s repeated immunophenotyping showed no clonal disease present. A brief review of the field of cobalamin in cancer research and treatment is given, with discussion of the various mechanisms by which cobalamins may impact on cancer/CLL. Historic analysis reveals that cyanocobalamin is generally cancer promotional, whereas hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are cancer protective and cytotoxic. It is hypothesised that the actions of cobalamin in cancer aetiology and oncogenesis/progression are intertwined with those of nitric oxide, which tumours regulate to dupe the immune system to their presence, by causing a functional cobalamin deficiency in the host.

Bacteriophages, or phages (viruses of bacteria), play significant roles in shaping the diversity of bacterial communities within the human gut. A phage-infected bacterial cell can either immediately undergo lysis (virulent/lytic infection) or enter a stable state within the host as a prophage (lysogeny) until a trigger event, called prophage induction, initiates the lysis process. We develop an approach based on a model structured in terms of time since bacterial infection. We derive important threshold parameters for the asymptotic dynamics of the system and demonstrate that the model’s qualitative behavior can range from the extinction of all bacterial strains to the persistence of a single strain (either lysogen or non-lysogen bacteria) or the coexistence of all strains at a positive steady state. We highlight the existence of critical induction rate values that lead to the coexistence of all states through periodic oscillations. We also conduct a global sensitivity analysis for an effective bacterial clearance. In scenarios where antibiotics are not sufficiently effective, we identify four key phage parameter traits: (i) the phage induction probability, describing the capacity of prophages to be induced, (ii) the probability of absorption, describing the phages’ ability to invade susceptible bacteria, (iii) the reproduction number of susceptible bacteria in the absence of antibiotics, and (iv) the latent period, describing the time since absorption. The obtained results emphasize the effective therapeutic potential of selected phages.

Within-species Individual Trait Variation (ITV) is now recognised as an important source of variability in ecological communities. Individual variation in trophic niche traits (i.e. individual niche width and between-individual variation) can greatly modify top-down and/or competitive interactions. Trophic traits vary according to variation in ecological opportunity, which represents the range of exploitable resources. While the role of prey availability in driving trophic traits is well-established, abiotic drivers (e.g. habitat structure) are rarely accounted for, or are solely considered via their effect on the prey community. We aimed to disentangle prey-mediated from direct habitat effects on trophic ITV in a critically endangered riverine fish, the Rhone streber (Zingel asper). We quantified individual trophic traits using high-resolution diet data obtained from faeces metabarcoding, and quantified prey availability and habitat structure using a fine-scale sampling protocol. Trophic traits were driven by distinct mechanisms: the individual niche width was driven by prey availability, while between-individual variation was largely driven by habitat conditions. Habitat conditions acted both directly on trophic traits and indirectly via their effect on the prey community. By simultaneously accounting for biotic and abiotic drivers of trophic ITV, we obtained a more complete understanding of how prey availability and habitat structure jointly determine ecological opportunity. Furthermore, by accounting for fine-scale variation in prey community and habitat conditions, the importance of spatial heterogeneity factors was highlighted. This study demonstrates how robust metabarcoding data, combined with detailed prey community and habitat information can be used to reveal the mechanistic pathways that drive trophic traits.

1 Koray Yalcin,

Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a disorder characterized by proliferation of benign myofibroblastic tumors that typically manifest as solitary or multiple nodules in the skin, muscle, bone, subcutaneous tissues, and visceral organs and can pose significant morbidity and mortality risks, particularly in cases involving visceral organs or causing functional impairment. These soft tissue lesions present before age two and can undergo spontaneous regression or are amenable to surgical resection. Successful clinical management with low dose metronomic chemotherapy (Methotrexate and Vinblastine) is possible and can treat extensive disease as seen in our patient.

Gracilaria is a genus of red-algae found mainly in Asia. The population of Gracilaria spread throughout Indonesia’s marine waters, especially in coastal areas. To date, the unique protein expressions using proteomic approach moreover in Central Java area, Indonesia is sporadic. Nonetheless, there has been no report mentioned about Gracilaria spp. amino acid sequences nor its characteristics. Based on the background mentioned, we aimed to conduct protein characterization by using peptide sequence analysis LC-HRMS. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) use has growing across biomedical and environmental sciences, hence provides high accuracy for the detection. We followed the LC-HRMS standard protocol, with optimized precipitation standard. TCA/Aceton precipitation of protein were used as protein purification, then the precipitate subjected for Trypsin digestion. Result of protein analysis were described as protein concentrations, molecular model, and peptide sequences. This experiment showed four identified sequences derived from Rhodophyta database, there are TKKILDK (845.5455 Da), TVKSLLTK (889.5717 Da), ILVKTLK (814.5761 Da), TGcGRSKR (921.4683 Da). This study uncovers peptide sequences for Gracilaria spp. and its similarity with other red algae species along with the function of whole peptide sequences. Furthermore, amino acid models of secondary structure Hidden Markov Model(HMM) were provided to support our findings.

The aim was to investigate the effects of different volumes of strength training (ST) in association with photobiomodulation (PBMt) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance (IR). Male Swiss albino mice were fed HFD and performed high- or low-volume (one-third) ST (3 days/week), associated with PBMt (660 nm + 850 nm; ~42 J delivered) or not (lights off). ST improved IR, lowered visceral adiposity and circulating cytokines, and increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity. The smaller volume of ST did not interfere with the improvement in IR, mitochondrial activity, or inflammatory profile, but exerted a smaller effect on visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Association with PBMt further improved IR, regardless of ST volume, although it did not affect adiposity, mitochondrial activity, and the inflammatory profile. Interestingly, PBMt positively affected quadriceps, but attenuated gluteus maximus hypertrophy. The association with PBMt induced greater improvement than ST alone.