This paper focuses on the three-dimensional(3D) incompressible anisotropic Boussinesq system while the velocity of fluid only involves horizontal dissipation and the temperature has a damping term. By utilizing the structure of the system, the energy methods and the means of bootstrapping argument, we prove the global stability property in the Sobolev space H k ( R 3 ) ( k ≥ 3 ) of perturbations near the hydrostatic equilibrium. Moreover, we take an effective approach to obtain the optimal decay rates for the global solution itself as well as its derivatives. In this paper, we aim to reveal the mechanism of how the temperature helps stabilize the fluid. Additionally, exploring the stability of perturbations near hydrostatic equilibrium may provide valuable insights into specific severe weather phenomena.

Introduction: The real-world experience on treatment and outcome of hemophilics with extended half-life products is scarce due to the rarity of the disease and poor access to newer treatment modalities. Aim: To analyze the response of patients with severe hemophilia A and B with severe arthropathy on Extended Half Life factor (EHL) prophylaxis. Methods: Patients with severe Hemophilia A and B with access to prophylaxis with extended half-life factor concentrates at our centre were included in this analysis. Bleed frequency, joint involvement, number of hospital visits and Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) were documented before and after to switching from standard half-life on-demand treatment to extended half-life prophylaxis Results: 31 patients were initiated on EHL-prophylaxis and followed up during the study period ranging from 4 to 91 weeks. There was reduction in the annualized bleed rate and improvement in HJHS during this period. Patients also demonstrated reversal in target joints and bleed-related compression neuropathy. Conclusion: EHL prophylaxis is an effective strategy even in patients with baseline target joints with significant morbidity.

Microglia are resident brain cells that regulate neuronal development and innate immunity. Microglia activation is involved in the cellular response to neuroinflammation, thus representing a possible target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract the onset and progression of brain disorders, including depression. In this sense, antidepressant drugs have been reported to reduce neuroinflammation by acting on glial cells, too. Herein, the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of trazodone (TRZ) on the microglial HMC3 cell line were investigated. HMC3 cells were activated by a double inflammatory stimulus (LPS and TNF-α, 24 h each), and the induction of inflammation was demonstrated by i) the increased expression levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and Ionized calcium-Binding Adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), and ii) the increased release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β). TRZ effects were evaluated by treating HMC3 cells for 24 h before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) the double inflammatory stimulus. Notably, both TRZ treatment approaches restored microglia, significantly decreasing the expression of NF-kB and IBA-1, and the release of the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β. Moreover, TRZ prevented and reduced the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN), a known neurotoxic kynurenine metabolite, demonstrating a potential neuroprotective effect. In this sense, neuronal-like cells were incubated with conditioned media collected from microglial cells previously treated with LPS-TNF-α in the absence or in the presence of TRZ to evaluate cell viability. Overall, for the first time, this study suggests anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of TRZ on human microglia.

As the single link between leaves and the rest of the plant, petioles must develop conductive tissues according to the water influx and sugar outflow of the leaf lamina. A scaling relationship between leaf area and anatomical traits of xylem and phloem is expected to improve the efficiency of these tissues. However, the different constraints compromising the functionality of both tissues (e.g., risk of cavitation) must not be disregarded. Additionally, plants present two main leaf habits (deciduous and evergreen) that may have different strategies to produce and package their petiole conduits to cope with environmental restrictions. In this study, we explore, in a diverse group of 33 oak species, the relationships between petiole anatomical traits, leaf area, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate. Results showed allometric scaling between anatomical structure of xylem and phloem with leaf area. We also found how photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at leaf-level are correlated with anatomical traits in the petiole. Nonetheless, the main novelty is how oaks present a different strategy depending on the leaf habit. Deciduous species tend to increase their diameters to achieve a greater leaf-specific conductivity. By contrast, evergreen oaks develop larger xylem conductive areas for a given leaf area than deciduous ones. This trade-off between safety-efficiency in petioles has never been attributed to the leaf habit of the species.

The ongoing global pandemic has underscored the importance of effective preventive measures such as wearing face masks in public spaces. Our system utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically detect whether individuals in images or video streams are wearing masks or not. The proposed system consists of three main stages: face detection, face mask classification, and real-time monitoring. Firstly, faces are localized in the input image or video frame using a proposed face detection model. Then, the detected faces are fed into a proposed CNN model for mask classification, which determines whether each face is covered with a mask or not. Finally, the system will provide real-time monitoring and alerts authorities or stakeholders about non-compliance with mask-wearing guidelines. We evaluate the performance of our system on publicly available datasets and demonstrate its effectiveness in accurately detecting face masks in various scenarios. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of deploying such a system in real-world settings, including issues related to privacy, bias, and scalability.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), as a minimally invasive surgery strategy based on local thermal-killing effect, is widely used in the clinical treatment of multiple solid tumors. Nevertheless, RFA cannot achieve the complete elimination of tumor lesions with larger burden or proximity to blood vessels. Incomplete RFA (iRFA) has even been validated to promote residual tumor growth due to the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this study, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their transformation from M1 to M2 type after iRFA are discovered as the key target and mechanism. A bisphosphonate (zoledronate)-mineralized nanoparticulated IFNγ (Nano-IFNγ/Zole) is then fabricated to eliminate the negative effect of iRFA by reprogramming TAMs. IFNγ is assembled into a nanostructure via the interaction with zoledronate and zinc/calcium ions. Nanoparticulated IFNγ concentrates in the tumor ablation site to play a long-term remodeling role. Zoledronate as an inhibitor of mevalonate metabolic pathway synergistically involves in the trans-differentiation of TAMs. Mechanistically, zoledronate reduces lysosomal acidification, enhances tumor antigen cross-presentation, and activates transcription factor TFEB by inhibiting isoprene modification of the Rab protein family. These mechanisms, in conjunction with IFNγ-activated JAK/STAT1 signaling, accelerate the reprogramming of TAMs from the M2 to M1 type, remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment after iRFA. Considering that zoledronate and IFNγ in Nano-IFNγ/Zole have already been approved in clinics, this integrative nano-drug delivery system establishes an effective strategy with great translational promise to overcome the poor prognosis after clinically incomplete RFA.

Hypocalcemia-induced seizures in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient: A case report\RLMohammed Mohammed Taha1, Ayman Azhary2,3 *, Abdallah Elssir Ahmed3, Abubakar Abdelbagi4, Mohammed Elfatih Hamida5, and

Introduction: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) is an alternative to a transvenous ICD in patients who meet criteria for ICD implantation without concurrent need for cardiac pacing. The objective of this study is to examine the rates of and indications for S-ICD removal and extraction. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent S-ICD implantation between 2010 and 2022 at a single multihospital healthcare system was performed. The primary endpoint was S-ICD removal or extraction. Patient and device characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Univariate and multivariate analyses were completed to determine factors associated with S-ICD extraction. Results: A total of 372 patients (69.5% male; 48.6 ± 14.4 years old) underwent S-ICD implantation during the study period. There were 22 (5.9%) patients (81.8% male; 52.1 ± 13.2 years old) who underwent S-ICD extraction over a median follow up period of 4.4 [2.0-6.5] years. The median length of time between implantation and extraction was 39.6 [8.3-64.6] months. The most common indications for S-ICD extraction were need for bradycardia pacing (incidence, 1.08%), infection (1.34%), and inappropriate shocks due to oversensing (1.34%). A smoking history and higher body mass index were independently associated with S-ICD extraction. Conclusions: The overall rate of S-ICD extraction over 4.4 [2.0-6.5] years was 5.9%, with the most common indications for extraction being need for bradycardia pacing, infection, and inappropriate shocks due to oversensing. A smoking history and high body mass index are associated with increased rates of S-ICD extraction. With appropriate patient selection for the S-ICD, the need to remove the device after implantation is low.

The death of a baby during pregnancy, birth or in infancy is an intensely traumatic event for the mother and her family. Many women who suffer such loss go on to conceive another baby during this psychologically fragile time when grief and trauma dominate. Although pregnancy after loss may bring hope, it can come with exceptionally high anxiety and distress. Unfortunately, pregnancy after loss, especially if progressed to beyond gestation of previous loss, is not always recognised by health professionals as an acutely vulnerable time for parents. Whilst many caregivers receive training in how to break bad news and support bereaved parents around the time of loss, few receive guidance on how to optimally care for parents during a subsequent pregnancy. There can also be reluctance on the part of health professionals to talk about the baby who died, which means that many families are left to cope with distress in their own time. However, if the psychosocial aspects of the new pregnancy are negotiated with skill and the right support, this period can restore some psychological balance in preparation for the new baby's arrival. This article, written by parents who have experienced pregnancy after loss and caregivers, offers a list of concrete suggestions for psychosocial care based on how trauma and grief impact women and partners in subsequent pregnancies. We propose a set of communication strategies that involve gently acknowledging the loss and anticipating its effects on how the new pregnancy is experienced, as well as organisational strategies that offer an additional safety net. Together, these suggestions have the potential of creating a pregnancy experience that allows for better communication with health professionals as well as the new baby.

OBJECTIVE To explore how patients experienced the changed follow-up care for gynaecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and their perspectives on aftercare to identify key elements of follow-up care. DESIGN Qualitative study using thematic analysis. SETTING Focus group discussions and individual interviews conducted in the Netherlands. POPULATION Patients diagnosed with ovarian, cervical, endometrial, or vulvar cancer who received follow-up care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Transcripts underwent thematic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Evaluate experiences of patients with follow-up during the pandemic and to explore and better understand patient preferences and needs. RESULTS Five themes were generated: 1) continuity of care, 2) absence of family members and carers, 3) meeting my needs, 4) managing my needs, 5) the cancer survivor narrative. The main changes experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic were the introduction to remote healthcare and the absence of family members. An interconnection between themes was found, highlighting that providing a designated, always accessible contact person, can be a catalyst for improving information provision and healthcare guidance. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study highlights the need for personalised and patient-centred follow-up that promotes patient-empowerment, and how this can be provided by a designated contact person. Findings emphasise the importance of tailored support, involvement of family members, addressing information gaps, and overcoming barriers to self-management. Lastly, the findings provide direction on how to approach follow-up care during future periods of scarcity.

Despite thorough medical assessment, diagnosis of inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) is often significantly delayed. Genomic investigations have been more often used to facilitate correct diagnosis and guide management in unexplained childhood cytopenias. We present two cases of unrelated adolescent girls with bicytopenia, unremarkable medical history and normal physical features who were diagnosed with nonclassical IBMFS ( ERCC6L2) using genetic evaluation. ERCC6L2-associated disease has been so far frequently related to neurodevelopmental delay and consanguinity and recognized as a predisposition syndrome to myeloid malignancies. Genetic testing should, therefore, be included in the contemporary approach to chronic cytopenias in children.

Hydatid cyst of thyroid gland: A case reportPrashant Ghimire, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepalprashantghimire2011@gmail.comSagar Rana Magar, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal srm1440@gmail.comBishal Panthi, Department of Pathology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepalpmbishal@gmail.comPrem Bahadur Maharjan, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepalmaharjan.sheen@gmail.comIntjar Khan, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepalkhanintjar@gmail.comNeeraj Thapa, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmanduthapaneeraj16@gmail.comSujan Paudel, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepalpaudelsujan1824@gmail.comSiddhartha Karn,  Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal100sidkarn@gmail.comPrajjwol Luitel,  Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepaldrprajjwolluitel@gmail.com

Presacral lipoblastoma presenting with urinary retention

Plant diseases present a substantial threat to global food security, and biocontrol offers a promising avenue for managing crop diseases sustainably in agriculture. The production and secretion of diverse diffusible antimicrobial chemicals represent well-established biocontrol principles. However, this review highlights a prevailing yet overlooked biocontrol mechanism termed as contact-dependent killing (CDK), employed by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We delineate the main types and discovery history of four CDK weapons: CdiAB, type IV, VI, and VII secretion systems. Moreover, we present case studies showing how well-established plant-beneficial bacteria employ CDK weapons to combat pathogens and/or promote plant growth. Notably, we summarize current progress in utilizing CDK for designing compatible biocontrol communities and exploring ’non-canonical’ biocontrol agents from distinct environmental samples that act independently of diffusible antimicrobial chemicals. Finally, we underscore the promising prospects of CDK weapons in developing microbial biopesticides or biofertilizers, producing seed-coating agents, reassessing the overlooked antimicrobial activity of microbes commonly expressing activities against pests and weeds, and serving as a strategy for isolating low-abundance microorganisms in agricultural microbiomes. Integrating CDK weapons with other innovative strategies into agricultural practices holds significant promise for enhancing crop productivity, ensuring food security, and fostering environmental sustainability.

Computationally efficient nonlinear model predictive control relies on elaborate discrete-time optimal control problem (OCP) formulations trading off accuracy with respect to the continuous-time problem and associated computational burden. Such formulations, however, are in general not easy to implement within specialized software frameworks tailored to numerical optimal control. This paper introduces a new multi-phase OCP interface for the open-source software acados allowing to conveniently formulate such problems and generate fast solvers that can be used for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). While multi-phase OCP (MOCP) formulations occur naturally in many applications, this work focuses on MOCP formulations that can be used to efficiently approximate standard continuous-time OCPs in the context of NMPC. To this end, the paper discusses advanced control parametrizations, such as closed-loop costing and piecewise polynomials with varying degree, as well as partial tightening and formulations that leverage models of different fidelity. An introductory example is presented to showcase the usability of the new interface. Finally, three numerical experiments demonstrate that NMPC controllers based on multi-phase formulations can efficiently trade-off computation time and control performance.

Linear growth of spherically symmetric solutions to Navier-Stokes equations in R N with degenerate viscosity and free boundary

This work investigates three energy-shaping control approaches to address the trajectory-tracking problem for specific classes of underactuated mechanical systems. In particular, the notions of contractive systems and dynamic extensions are utilized to solve the trajectory-tracking problem while addressing implementation issues such as the lack of velocity sensors and the presence of constant disturbances. To this end, a first tracking controller is developed without the need for velocity measurements. A second controller is introduced, solving the trajectory-tracking problem while rejecting matched constant disturbances. Then, a third approach establishes conditions to combine both mentioned controllers. It is shown that the proposed design methods guarantee exponential convergence of closed-loop systems for specific classes of underactuated mechanical systems. The third method is illustrated with an example.

Grazing and silvopastoral systems offer a productive strategy for ameliorating sodic soils by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (tN) availability. This study evaluated cattle production alternatives over a 6-year period to enhance SOC and tN content at different soil depths. We also assessed mineral-associated organic carbon (AOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) fractions to understand SOC dynamics. The experiment covered 9 hectares each for silvopastoral and grazing systems, both cultivated with Chloris gayana cv Epica INTA-Pemán. Neltuma alba (syn. Prosopis alba) trees were planted in 1998 in the silvopastoral area. The treatments applied were: 1) Pure Pasture (PP), 2) Silvopastoral System Under Tree Canopy (SPS-UC), and 3) Silvopastoral System Between Tree Canopies (SPS-BC). Statistical analyses focused on the significance of treatment, time, and their interaction on SOC, POC, AOC, and tN across four measurement points over the 6-year period. Differences were observed in the distribution of SOC, POC, AOC, and tN between PP and SPS. SPS-BC exhibited the lowest values for SOC and tN. Both PP and SPS-UC gained SOC within the first 50 cm of soil depth, attributed to increased AOC levels. The results sustain the potential of the silvopatoral system as a practice to restore and improve soils with sodic limitation. These findings highlight the need for extensive research to assess how diverse tree configurations influence SOC and tN dynamics, enhancing land management practices for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in sodic soils.

Title - Concurrent Suprachoroidal & Vitreous Haemorrhage : A Rare OcularManifestation of Severe Dengue Fever.Running title - Suprachoroidal & Vitreous Haemorrhage in Severe Dengue Fever.Contributors : - Bhatkoti, Bhupesh 1; Singh, Prabhjot 2; Seth, Sankalp1; RK, Preeti 2; Singh, Bhupinderpal 1; Vichare , Nitin1Department(s) and institution(s) : -1 Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital Southern Command, Pune2 Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, PuneCorresponding author : -Prabhjot SinghArmed Forces Medical College, Sholapur Road, Pune (India) -411040

Technosol construction in mining areas recycles waste and recreates the relief, but the technosol quality varies with materials used. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and physical quality of a Technosol after kaolin mining under different recovery practices. An experiment was installed in the Imerys Rio Capim Caulim mine (IRCC) in Ipixuna do Pará, Brazil with the treatments: Nucleation (NU), Dense Planting (DP), Forest Planting (FP), Forest Planting with Liming (FPL) and Native Forest (NF). The following were evaluated as chemical quality indicators: pH, Organic Matter (OM), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Potential Acidity (PA), Sum of Bases (SB), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Base Saturation (V), Aluminum Saturation (m) and the physical indicators were: Soil Density (SD), Total Porosity (TP), Penetration Resistance (PR), Sandy, Silt, and Clay. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) was also calculated. The physical indicators were little changed in Technosol, while chemicals, in the FPL treatment showed higher values of pH, Ca, Mg, SB, and V, and lower values of Al and m. Higher TP and lower BD and PR were observed in NF. Furthermore, NF presented higher OM, PA, CEC, P, K, Al, and m. SQI in FPL was higher in Technosol, but not lower when compared to NF. Therefore, the treatments barely changed the physical quality of Technosol, while chemical features were positively changed with liming. Nonetheless, the characteristics studied in the third year of recovery still do not come close to those of NF.

Soil erosion-induced solute loss contributes to non-point source pollution (NPS). The extent and depth of soil solute involvement in runoff exchange processes are determined by soil disturbed depth ( Ds), encompassing runoff depth ( Dr), and effective mixing depth ( De). This study aimed to investigate the impacts of Ds on soil erosion and solute loss. The varying Dr (0.04 ~ 0.59 cm) and De (0.08 ~ 10.35 cm) were generated through rainfall (60, 90, and 120 mm h −1) and overland flow (0, 1, and 2 L min −1). Dr and De were quantified by the KMnO 4 and Br tracing methods, respectively. Additionally, runoff coefficient ( Rc), sediment concentration ( Cs), sediment yield rate ( Sy), Br concentration in runoff ( CBr), Dr, and De were determined at 2 or 3-minute intervals. Significant differences were observed in runoff initiation time ( Tr) (15 ~ 187 s), Rc (0.49 ~ 0.99), Sy (4.04 ~ 242.89 g m 2 min -1), Cs (2.88 ~ 48.66 g L -1), and CBr (0.70 ~15 601.26 mg L -1) across different Ds (F>3, P<0.01). A power function relationship was observed between Tr, Rc, and Ds ( R2adj> 0.89). Sy, Cs, and CBr demonstrated increasing trends with rising Ds, though the magnitude of these increases varied across different Ds ( R2adj> 0.55). Furthermore, a notable linear correlation was identified between cumulative runoff generation, sediment yield, Br loss, and mean Dr, De ( R2adj> 0.75). Collectively, Ds accounted for 64.9% and 46.2% of the variation in soil erosion and Br loss, respectively. These results would facilitate an improvement of NPS models.

The coastal wetland of the Yellow River Estuary, one of China’s largest wetlands, is essential for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The diversity of zoobenthos is a critical indicator of ecosystem health and water quality, supporting the food chain and maintaining the stability of biological networks. However, the community characteristics of zoobenthos in this coastal wetland are poorly understood. This study utilized eDNA metabarcoding to assess the diversity and community structure of zoobenthos in the Yellow River Estuary Coastal Wetland. Zoobenthos from 174 families were identified, with 307 species recognized at the generic level, significantly more than those identified through traditional morpho-taxonomic approaches. Salinity emerged as a crucial factor in shaping these ecosystems, with brackish water exhibiting the lowest species richness compared to that of freshwater and seawater. Environmental factors such as salinity, organic matter, and nutrient elements significantly influence the composition and distribution of zoobenthos. Specifically, cations, particularly Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺, have a more substantial impact on zoobenthos than anions. These findings underscores the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding in providing a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity and offers insights into the ecological dynamics and environmental factors shaping zoobenthos communities. Still, enhancing eDNA collection efficiency and expanding the reference database are necessary to improve accuracy and effectiveness in future ecological monitoring of zoobenthos.

Advanced sequencing technologies are becoming more accessible due to decreasing costs. However, these technologies require strict adherence to standards regarding the amount of DNA input and its integrity. This study addresses the challenge of obtaining high-quality host DNA in sufficient quantities from small biomass and multiple DNA source arthropods, using the tick species Amblyomma triguttatum as a model organism. We evaluated different tissue types and disruption methods to optimise DNA yield, considering quantity, quality, and composition of purified genomic DNA (gDNA). Our factorial experiment included three types of tissue (Whole and Bisected specimens, and specimen Legs) and three levels of disruption methods (Undisrupted, Sliced, and liquid nitrogen bead Homogenisation). We also contrasted two extraction kits. Results showed using the Qiagen MagAttract High Molecular Weight Kit significantly increased the proportion of high molecular weight fragments (20-48.5 kbp) by 11-fold, compared to the Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit. Aggressive homogenisation techniques produced the highest proportion of short fragments (1-10 kbp) at 97% (0.970). While Whole-Homogenised specimens yielded the highest DNA concentration (198 ng µL-1), Bisected-Undisrupted specimens offered a good balance, yielding 146 ng µL-1 of gDNA with a higher proportion of large fragments at 3.15% (0.0315). Bacterial content in DNA did not vary significantly across treatments. Our findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate extraction methods to ensure optimal DNA quality for advanced sequencing applications. These results provide useful guidelines for optimising DNA extractions from small-bodied arthropods and establish a framework for future studies to consider DNA quantity, quality, and composition.

Tunnel oxide passivated contact TOPCon is poised to emerge as the predominant technology in photovoltaic (PV) cells, yet significant reliability issues remain unresolved. This study conducts a comparative analysis of 20 TOPCon PV module types, utilizing a range of electrical characterization and accelerated aging assessments. This investigation provides a detailed evaluation of the electrical performance, resulting in an Energy Rating of the modules, establishing a benchmark for cutting-edge TOPCon technology. While some failure modes, such as LeTID, appear to be non-critical, the findings confirm previously identified degradation pathways in TOPCon modules due to moisture penetration. During UV exposure, a novel degradation pattern was observed during the indoor tests, showing severe losses (up to -12% after 120 kWh/m 2), followed by recovery after humidity freeze-testing, which may influence outdoor performance and the outcomes of certification tests (IEC61730-2, Sequence B). The results highlight the areas of need for more targeted testing and technological refinement.