Wind energy is one of the main renewable energy sources in the current energy transition. Due to ever more and ever larger wind turbines (WT), the requirements for WT operation become more complex. Model predictive control (MPC) for WTs shows the potential to handle these requirements and conflicting control objectives in a single optimization-based controller. Recent research has widely investigated MPC for WT in simulation, but mostly lacks experimental validation. This work aims to experimentally validate MPC on a full-scale WT under real conditions. To this end, we combine an Extendend Kalman Filter for nonlinear state estimation with robust linear time-varying MPC. We evaluate the proposed control algorithm in terms of time-domain performance and power curve in simulation. However, the main contribution of this work is the experimental validation on a 3MW WT in Northern Germany with a total duration of 3h continuous full access of the controller. We were able to demonstrate stable operation of the proposed MPC in the upper partial load regime, transition regime and lower full load regime, at measured wind speeds between 4.76m/s and 13.06m/s, inside and outside the wake shadow of another WT. The power curve determined in simulation shows comparable results to a reference feedback controller. The MPC formulation combines several control objectives in a single optimization problem, yet the tuning effort still remains complex. In future work, we plan to reduce the complexity of the control loop based on this experimentally validated MPC. We provide our experimental data at https://github.com/rwth-irt/MPC_WT_experiment.

The increasing adoption of DevOps practices in software development has emphasized the need for efficient and reliable CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment) workflows. These workflows generate extensive log files that capture execution details, changes, and errors. This paper proposes the utilization of microprints to detect errors in CI/CD workflows by visually inspecting their logs. We highlight the challenges of manually inspecting logs, particularly in identifying unreported errors not flagged by CI/CD platforms. By leveraging microprints, the ability of developers and maintainers to quickly and accurately detect and diagnose issues within these logs is enhanced. We implemented a suite of tools to make use of microprints in CI/CD workflows and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the microprint visualization through a user study, showcasing its potential to improve error detection and workflow efficiency in DevOps environments.

Background: Preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who fail continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation have higher risks for increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess if machine learning, on multicenter data, may predict CPAP failure in preterm infants with RDS and allow proactive intervention to minimize CPAP failure burden and improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This study was conducted using the Oracle EHR Real-World Data (OERWD) database including preterm NICU admits between 2002-2023. CPAP failure was defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of life. Demographics, admit vital signs, and laboratory values were retrieved to develop an explainable machine learning model using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Results: 24,127 neonates from 27 NICUs qualified for the study with CPAP failure rate of 64.1%. FiO2 was the strongest predictor of CPAP failure followed by systolic blood pressure, temperature, birthweight, PaO2, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and gestational age followed in importance. Resulting XGBoost model attained an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.92) and an F-1 score of 0.87. Conclusions: CPAP failure can be predicted with high accuracy at admission to the NICU creating opportunities for early intervention and prevention of RDS related complications.

Objective:To develop and validate a clinical diagnosis and prediction model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in paediatric outpatient clinics. Methods:Initial outpatient medical records of 516 children aged 5 to 10 years (239 infected and 277 uninfected cases) have been retrospectively reviewed. The prediction model was constructed using the LASSO-Logistic regression method, and the model was then validated by bootstrapping and 153 cases of different age groups. The area under the subject working curve, the consistency curve, the Brier coefficient and the clinical decision curve were used to evaluate the model’s effectiveness. Results:Fever days, cough days, and white blood cell count(WBC) were finally included to build the predictive model. Internal verification of the bootstrap showed that the area under the subject’s working curve was 0.718, the consistency curve showed that the actual curve was close to the ideal curve, and the Brier coefficient was 0.214. The clinical decision curve showed that the clinical benefit was > 0 when the threshold probability was 0.10-0.58. Verification in different age groups showed that the AUC under the subjects’ working curve was 0.717, the consistency curve was close to the ideal curve, the Brier coefficient was 0.177, and the clinical decision curve was 0.20-0.65 with clinical benefit > 0. Conclusion:In this study, a simple predictive model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in paediatric outpatient clinics was established for the first time, which may provide a reference for early diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and the outcomes of VT ablation in patients using a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a temporary treatment for the cardiac transplant. BACKGROUND: An increasingly common complication of continuous-flow LVADs is VT, which is common with end-stage heart failure. METHODS: This study is an analysis of prospective and retrospective data on cardiac transplant candidates undergoing LVAD surgery at Hermann Hospital over five years, 2016- 2023. An electronic review of medical records was performed, including testing, images, and past medical history. The authors confirm that they have adhered to the journal’s ethical guidelines, as specified on the journal’s author guidelines page, and have obtained the necessary approvals from the appropriate ethical review committee. RESULTS: A total of 10 VT accidents were reported among 7 VAD cases. 42 % (3) of the patients had VT within 30 days of VAD implantation, 14 % (1) BBRVT, and 28 % (2) VT from inflow cannula, while 57 % (4) had more than one ablation and 57 % (4) survived one year. LVAD intervention improved the quality of life and survival in over 50% of patients (4/7). CONCLUSIONS: This single-center study of VT ablation in destination LVADs showed that freedom from recurrent VT and implantable defibrillator shocks were associated with improved 1-year survival. Most VTs were monomorphic, cannula adjacent (2/10), and one bundle branch recurrent VT out of ten. Mortality and thrombosis remain a problem for this challenging population.

Note: Diamond is made of only one element found in nature, carbon. Diamond has a very dense atomic network, which makes it very hard, or in other words, the hardest crystallized material on the planet. The chemical formula of diamond is pure carbon  (C)  , but detailed investigations show that 95.99% of it is carbon and the rest is chemical impurities, which can affect the color of a diamond.Carbon nano has many uses in nanoscience and nanoelectronics.  Carbon is one of the amazing elements of nature, which is found in four different forms of graphite, diamond, coal and other forms of carbon in nature.  All these four forms are solid and in their structure, carbon atoms are completely and regularly placed next to each other.  Carbon is one of the most important elements in nature, and its many uses in human life confirm this point well. For example,  steel - which is one of the main engineering alloys - is obtained from the dissolution of about two percent of carbon in iron; Different types of steel can be obtained by changing the carbon percentage  by only a few hundred percent. "Organic chemistry" is also a science that investigates compounds containing "carbon" and  "hydrogen" and polymer engineering is based only on the carbon element. Carbon is found in four different forms in nature  , all of these four forms are solid, and in their structure, carbon atoms are placed next to each other in a completely regular manner.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower genotype productivity in Central Anatolian conditions during 2021 and 2022. The research focused on seed yield, oil content, and oil yield, considering variations in Growing Degree Days (GDD) at different growth stages. In both years, seed yield was significantly affected by rainfall deficiency. In 2021, safflower genotypes had an average seed yield of 1540 kg ha -1, while in 2022, it increased to 2390 kg ha -1 due to higher precipitation during critical growth stages. Different genotypes showed distinct performances in seed yield each year, highlighting the importance of selecting drought-tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. Oil content also exhibited significant variations between genotypes and years. Drought stress during flowering and seed filling periods generally led to a decrease in safflower oil content. However, in 2021, despite drought during the seedling stage, there was an increase in average oil content, potentially due to compensatory mechanisms related to reduced seed yield and dry matter content. Moreover, the study explored GDD values at different growth stages, revealing substantial variation among genotypes in GDD accumulation. Genotypes with higher GDD accumulation typically displayed higher seed and oil yields, indicating their better stress tolerance. Conversely, early maturing genotypes with lower GDD values were better suited for regions with lower average temperatures. The findings underscore the importance of considering both rainfall and temperature factors when selecting safflower genotypes for specific regions. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower productivity and highlights the need to develop new safflower varieties capable of adapting to predicted hotter and drier conditions due to climate change.

Note: The first fullerene discovered was Bucky Ball;   The most properties that are expressed about fullerenes are related to these two types C70 and C60 .Fullerenes are nanometer-sized molecules that, in their simplest form,  form 60 carbon atoms of a graphite layer with a three-dimensional structure.  60 Unlike diamond and graphite, whose molecules are continuous, fullerenes are closed molecules: they are like C60 and... (60) fullerenes, which are also called buckyball and buckytube, include nanotubes, nanofibers, fullerene has a structure similar to graphite, but instead of completely hexagonal parts, carbon atoms  are placed in the vertices of the 5th or 7th polygons. 

Introduction:Bowel perforation needs an urgent clinical intervention and it significantly increase the mortality in the patients. Bowel perforation is rarely seen in post-partum mother. (1) Bowel perforation after a normal vaginal delivery (NVD) is rarer than a Caesarean section (C-section). (1)Appendicitis can be operated during pregnancy but post-partum appendicitis is very rare. (2) In perforated appendicitis, “gas under diaphragm” in plain radiograph is also a very rare incident. (3). Post partum perforated appendicitis is also rarely reported. The most common differential diagnosis are peptic perforation and bowel perforation. Other differential diagnosis are Meckel’s diverticulitis, Ischemic colitis, bowel obstruction, cholecystitis, Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome, round ligament syndrome, pelvis thrombophlebitis, torsion of adnexal structures etc.From early 1900, surgeon’s are publishing papers related to appendicitis during pregnancy, so currently surgeons are well aware of the diagnosis and management of the appendicitis during pregnancy. Babler had published a paper related to this in 1908. (4) Harris J Timerman had published a paper in 1942, presenting two cases of post-partum appendicitis. (5).So, here we are presenting a very rare case of post-partum perforated appendicitis, a diagnostic dilemma. The abdominal pain and tenderness can be misinterpreted as labour pain and the septic peritonitis can lead to a preterm labour and preterm delivery. (6)Highlights:Post-partum Bowel perforation and Post Partum appendicitis are rare“Gas under diaphragm” due to perforate appendix is also rarePerforated Appendicitis in post-partum period is also rare

As more and more distributed generations are connected to the grid, the grid is increasingly vulnerable to power fluctuations and system failures, the stability of the power system is seriously challenged. This paper proposes an optimization design method of multi-virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) control parameters of independent microgrids based on gradient descent method, and a small signal model of independent microgrids with multi-VSGs is also established. Then gradient descent method is used to optimize the multi-VSG control parameters of the independent microgrid. The simulation results reveal that the proposed multi-VSG control parameter optimization design method can effectively improve the frequency and voltage dynamic response performance and the stability of the independent microgrid under small disturbances.

Pylorospasm: A Less Common Functional Disorder Mimicking Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, Leading to Persistent Vomiting in a Preterm Male Infant

A document by Guangyong Li. Click on the document to view its contents.

PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a subset of small noncoding RNA with approximately 26-30 nucleotides, and it plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability and modulating protein synthesis. Recently, emerging evidence suggested that piRNA are expressed in a tissue-specific manner across diverse human cancers, intricately modulating pivotal signaling pathways at the transcriptional or post transcriptional level. This review systematically underscores current investigations pertaining to piRNA in urologic carcinoma (UC), elucidating the proposed regulatory mechanisms encompassing N6- methyladenosine (m6A) modification and the silencing of transposable elements. Furthermore, we discussed the detection technology and the application of piRNA in the fields of clinical diagnosis.

Water temperature and river discharge are critical cues shaping biological processes of aquatic organisms. However, climate change can disrupt the duration and frequency of specific associations between water temperature and discharge, potentially hindering processes such as migration, reproduction or feeding. In this study over a large European basin, we compiled long-term upstream fish passage data for three diadromous fish species and time series of water temperature and current velocity reconstructed using physically-based thermal and hydrological models. We first identified days exhibiting high numbers of upstream fish passages and their corresponding water temperature-current velocity associations (defined as ”suitable days”). We then investigated trends in occurrence of suitable days for the upstream migration of diadromous fish over the period 1963-2019. Our results showed that the impacts of climate change on days with suitable associations appear to be species-specific. We found decreases in occurrence of suitable days for the upstream migration of Atlantic salmon mainly in the southern part of the basin for salmon migrating in spring and in the middle reaches scattered across the basin for fall salmon. On the other hand, days with suitable associations for upstream migration have predominantly increased for allis shad and sea lamprey across the whole basin. This study offers practical insights into how changing environmental conditions have affected the upstream migration of three diadromous species.

Dung beetles are one of the most charismatic animal taxa. Their familiarity as ecosystem service providers is clear, but they have also played a range of roles in a variety of different ecosystems worldwide. Here, we give an overview of the current state of dung beetle research and the changes in the prevalence of topics in a collated corpus of 4,145 peer-reviewed articles of dung beetle research spanning from 1930 until 2024. We used a range of text-analysis tools to assess how the peer-reviewed literature on dung beetles has changed over this period. Most of the literature is split into three distinct but related discourses – the agri/biological topics (Cluster 1), the ecological topics (Cluster 2), and the taxonomic topics (Cluster 3). Publications on the ‘effect of veterinary chemicals’ and ‘nesting behaviour’ showed the largest drop over time, whereas papers relating to ‘ecosystem function’ had a meteoric rise from a low presence before the 2000’s to being the most prevelant topic of dung beetle research in the last two decades. Research into dung beetles is global, but is dominated by Europe and North America. However South America, Africa, and Australia have coverage of most topics. Research in temperate and tropical mixed forests, as well as grasslands, savanna and shrublands dominated the corpus, as would be expected from a group of species directly associated with large mammals. Our assessment of dung beetle research comes when ecosystem service provision is becoming more important and more dominant in the literature globally. Research worldwide and across the three major discourses (agri/biological, ecological, and taxonomic) is imperative for a continued understanding of how dung beetles and their ecosystem services are modified across rapidly changing natural and agricultural landscapes.

Sediment connectivity reflects potential linkages between sediment sources and sink areas and identifies priority regions for implementing sediment control measures. However, the impact of soil and water conservation measures on catchment topography and geomorphological development, as well as their potential effects on sediment connectivity, are not yet fully understood. This study aims to quantify the spatial variations in sediment connectivity induced by the combined effects of terraces and check dams in a representative small catchment on the Loess Plateau. We used the landscape evolution model (LAPSUS) to simulate the spatial distribution of erosion and deposition within the watershed and to determine the spatial coupling patterns between erosion and connectivity. The results indicate that: (i) Soil and water conservation measures effectively reduced sediment connectivity within the catchment, with terraces, check dams, and their combined effect contributing to a 19.55%, 4.82%, and 31.99% reduction in sediment connectivity, respectively. (ii) Soil and water conservation measures altered the erosion-deposition spatial distribution patterns within the catchment. Terraces reduced the area of soil erosion on slopes by 33.44%, while check dams increased the area of sediment deposition in channels by 90%. (iii) Low erosion-high connectivity and high erosion-high connectivity zones were key areas for soil erosion and sediment loss within the catchment, located on steep slopes and highly erodible channels. The research findings contribute to the development of more effective soil and water conservation programmable for erosive small catchments in the Loess Plateau, enhancing the sustainability of catchment management.

Adaptive differentiation of traits and underlying loci can occur at a small geographic scale if natural selection is stronger than gene flow and drift. We investigated this hypothesis using coupled quantitative genetic and genomic approaches for a wind-pollinated tree species, Quercus rubra, along the steep, narrow gradient of the Lake Superior coast that encompasses four USDA Hardiness Zones within 100 km. For the quantitative genetic component, we examined phenotypic differentiation among eight populations in a common garden. For the genomic component, we quantified genetic differentiation for 26 populations using RAD-seq. Because hybridization with the congener Quercus ellipsoidalis has been documented elsewhere, we also included two populations of this species for comparison. In the common garden study, we found a strong signal of population differentiation that was significantly associated with at least one climate factor for nine of ten measured traits. In contrast, we found no evidence of genomic differentiation among populations based on FST or other measures. However, distance-based, and genotype-environment association analyses identified loci showing the signature of selection, with one locus in common across five analyses. This locus was associated with the minimum temperature of the coldest month, a climate factor was also significant in the common garden analyses. In addition, we documented introgression from Q. ellipsoidalis into Q. rubra, with rates of introgression correlated with the climate gradient. In sum, this study reveals signatures of selection at the quantitative trait and genomic level consistent with climate adaptation occurring at a small geographic scale.

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a significant public health issue both in India and globally. Understanding the seroprevalence among populations and identifying associated risk factors are crucial for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and timely prevention of viral hepatitis and its complications. The viral load is a key predictor of the disease’s prognosis and severity. Objectives: A prospective study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of HBV and to identify possible risk factors for acquiring HBV infection among the patients attending Dr. B. R.A. M. Hospital, Raipur and to estimate the viral load in seropositive individuals. Methods: Blood samples were collected over the duration of 14 months October 2022-December 2023 from the patients attending OPDs of Dr .B. R. A. M. Hospital, Raipur. The serum was subjected to ELISA for HBsAg detection. Viral load quantification was done by Mylab PathoDetect HBV Quantitative PCR Kit. Detailed history, socio-demographic parameters, information about risk factors were obtained from each of the patient according to pre-designed questionnaire by one to one oral interview. Result: 3002 individuals were screened for HBV infection among them 49(1.63%) were positive for HBsAg. High risk sexual behavior and blood transfusion were the major risk factors observed among the patients. The mean viral load of HBV was 8.533×10 6 ± 3.627×10 7IU/ml. Conclusion: The rising prevalence of HBV in our region is a public health concern. Preventive measures must be implemented to cease the disease spread.

There is a general expectation that urban populations will be fragmented, and the movement of individuals will be restricted leading to low effective population sizes, low genetic diversity, higher inbreeding, and higher differentiation than populations living in more continuous habitat. Most studies have been conducted on birds and mammals living in large urban areas while very few studies have been conducted on the genetic structure of small reptiles living within the urban matrix. In this study, we compare the genetic diversity and differentiation of Texas horned lizards that are found in four small towns (Kenedy, Karnes City, Rockdale, Smithville) in Texas and at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma to populations that occur in 16 natural areas and to an introduced population in South Carolina. We also present more detailed spatial genetic data and home range data for several of the towns. Texas horned lizards (ii) living in small towns have lower genetic diversity, higher differentiation, and smaller effective population sizes than populations located in more natural mainland areas. There was evidence for human-mediated movement of lizards into town, however it has not been enough to counteract the effects of drift. Home range size is smaller in town than more natural areas. Genetic patterns suggest dispersal occurs over short distances and is inhibited across areas with a high percent of impervious surface and major roads. These data suggest that effective planning to maintain suitable habitat and corridors to facilitate movement are critical to maintaining small terrestrial species like the Texas horned lizard and must be integrated into the early stages of urban development.

1. The relationship between plant size and trait characteristics is a fundamental aspect of the global spectrum that encompasses plant form and function. However, it remains unclear whether plant size affects interspecific variation in leaf structural traits at a specific ontogenetic stage. 2. In this research, we investigated the leaf structural traits, plant height, and diameter at breast height (or basal diameter) of 10 shrub and tree species. This study was carried out along an intertidal gradient within a mangrove forest located in Southeast China. 3. We found that leaf traits differed significantly between shrubs and trees in their response to intertidal gradients, which contributes to the advancement of our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and the evolution of traits within varying environmental contexts. Among all species, leaf carbon economics (leaf dry mass content, leaf mass per area, and leaf density) decreased significantly with increasing plant height and diameter. For each growth form and intertidal zone, the plant size-trait patterns were consistent with those in the pooled dataset. 4. Collectively, these findings suggest that mangrove plants undergo a size-dependent shift from resource conservation to resource acquisition strategies with increasing stature. Therefore, plant size serves as an indicator of the “slow-fast” spectrum of plant performance and the dichotomy between conservation and acquisition strategies.

Biocrusts, as the dominant green strips in arid continents, potentially sever as a useful tool for immobilizing Pb in contaminated land under extreme constraints such as water resource. Artificially created biocrusts ensure the expansion of biocrusts in the short period. In this study, Microcoleus steenstrupii and montmorillonite (MMT) were used to construct artificial cyanobacterial biocrusts (ACBs) on the surface of Pb-containing dunes and cultured in compliance with the water conditions of the arid climate. Results suggested that MMT induced bulk productions of protective substances such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) and soluble proteins and reduced the overall oxidative damage of ACBs weakened by malondialdehyde. Biomineralization was identified as a possible pathway for ACBs to diminish Pb(II) effectiveness. The inoculum not only converted Pb(II) into Pb 3(CO 3) 2(OH) 2 and Pb 5(PO 4) 3OH, but also triggered the evolution of different cyanosphere communities that each accomplished a complicated biomineralization and precipitation process. This study revealed the feasibility of remediation of Pb-contaminated surfaces and provided an effective approach for the utilization of wasted land in arid regions.

If ornament quality advertises heritable resistance to a directly transmitted parasite, female preference for males with higher quality ornaments could reduce parasite prevalence via two pathways. Preference for, and thus more contact with, resistant males should: 1) change parasite transmission opportunities; and 2) increase offspring parasite resistance. Here, we used data and parameterized a SIR model to test the hypothesis that, across populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), the strength of female preference negatively correlates with prevalence of directly transmitted gyrodactylids. Female guppies exhibit between-population variation in preference for males with larger orange ornaments that are heritable and forecast resistance. Using 89 prevalence estimates from 10 populations, and controlling for ecological covariates, we found that populations with significant female preference had lower prevalence than those without. Our theoretical model inferred that preference affects prevalence largely by affecting offspring parasite resistance. Female preference can thus drive the dynamics of ordinary infectious diseases. 

Most people mainly disadvantaged or lower-middle-income nations reside in the countryside. A resilient community is largely dependent on the physical growth of remote regions. This study aims to assess the catalyst effects of natural hazards like erosion on landscape degradation in rural communities. With a focus on the threat to biodiversity and well-being as it affects the people of Okitipupa, a rural community in Nigeria. To evaluate and handle environmental issues, the Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework is employed. The socio-economic and socio-cultural factors that propel human activity and either exacerbate or lessen environmental constraints are known as driving forces. A qualitative approach was deployed for this study using a geospatial analysis of the study area within a 1.5x1.5KM sample frame where there is a major gully erosion. The spot heights were taken to generate the soil elevation, the landforms, and the hydrology. There are not many researches that look at how biodiversity or natural resource management techniques and concepts affect mental health in the countryside and rural settlements. There is evidence that extreme weather events or climate have a detrimental effect on mental health, and well-being in rural places. The sustainable landscape design approaches are important due to the heterogeneous and predominant nature of the climate, socio-economy, and landscapes of the rural settlements. This understanding, which addresses the effects on the psychological wellness of the most disadvantaged individuals, can enhance government attempts towards comprehensive management and environmentally conscious preparedness to curb or prevent future reoccurrence. Plain Language Summary On the other hand, the preservation of the environment is being threatened by the existing methods of rural development, which puts the long-term viability of rural areas in greater danger. To create a sustainable environment in rural areas—one that supports both natural processes and rural production and living activities—multiple stakeholders must work together over an extended period.

In India, agriculture is a vital sector, contributing significantly to the country’s economy. Crop damage caused by insects, animals, and birds can result in substantial economic losses. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), crop damage due to pests and animals accounted for losses amounting to 2,095 crore (approximately 285 million) in 2019[1]. Protecting crops from insects, birds and animals is crucial for preserving agricultural income, ensuring the financial stability of farmers, and sustaining the agricultural sector’s contribution to the national economy. To reduce the harm from all living creatures, either manual supervision is required for protecting fields from animals and birds or strong pesticides must be used for protection from insects. Both are traditional approaches and hassle to the farmers. This necessitates the development of an AI, ML and IoT based smart system that can sense animals/birds remotely, scare them away without harming them and provide information to the farmer. To bridge this gap, a unified solution targeting multiple threats in agriculture is proposed; the method uses advanced AI/ML techniques to identify and protect crops from wildlife. It utilises advanced technology, including YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithms, and is built on the Raspberry Pi 5 platform for affordability and accessibility. The system consists of a camera connected to the Raspberry Pi, which continuously scans the crop field for birds/animals. When a bird is detected, the system triggers a connected speaker to emit deterrent sounds designed to scare the birds away. This real-time detection and response mechanism helps farmers prevent crop damage and minimise losses caused by avian pests. By combining smart algorithms with affordable hardware, our invention offers an effective and practical solution for agricultural multi-threat control.