We analyzed the patterns variation of blue and green waters in the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2020 and evaluated the contributions of climate change and human activity on those variations. During the study period, both blue water volume and green waters flow increased overall across the Basin. Water withdrawal and water consumption showed an increasing trend, mainly due to increases in domestic and ecological water withdrawal and water consumption; the trend concentrated mainly in the Toudaoguai (TDG) area. Water return flow showed a decreasing trend, mainly due to decreases in agricultural and industrial water return flow in the Yellow River Basin. Throughout the study period, blue water volume and green waters flow were higher in the west than in the east, while precipitation was higher in the southeast than in the northwest. Changes in land cover were able to explain 87% of the observed variation in water return flow and 95% of the observed variation in water consumption. Changes in land cover indirectly affected blue water volume (the path coefficient β = 0.209) and green water flow (β = 0.273). Through its influence on precipitation, climate change affected blue water volume and green waters flows (β > 0.8). Through its influence on water consumption, water withdrawal affected green water flows (β = 0.4), the extent of which depended on precipitation. These findings highlight the need for efficient water management in the Yellow River Basin to ensure the long-term health of its ecosystems.

Therapeutic levels of Acetaminophen causing AKI: A case report and literature reviewHamnah Tayyab, M.D1, Lavanya Dhondapati, M.D2, Ashraf Ullah, M.D3, Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool Marsool, MBCHB4, Singh Jagmeet, M.D5, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, MBBS61Guthrie/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA, Email: hamnah.tayyab@guthrie.org2Guthrie/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA, Email: lavanya.dondapati@guthrie.org3Translational Liver Research Centre, Beth Israel Deaconess, Boston, MA, USA, Email: k.ashrafullah@gmail.com4Internal Medicine, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: mohamadalansa438@gmail.com5Guthrie/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA, Emai: jagmeet.singh@guthrie.org6 Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, Email: khabab9722@gmail.com ,

Title: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia following refractory multiple myelomaRunning title: ALL following refractory MMKey words: B-cell leukemia, myeloma, cytologyAuthors list : Radu Chiriac1, Valentin Pourchet11Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d’hématologie biologique, Pierre-Benite, FranceCorresponding author: Radu Chiriac ; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Benite Cedex-France ; Tel: (33) 4 78 56 90 20; Fax: (33) 4 78 86 33 40 ; Email: radu.chiriac@chu-lyon.frAuthor contributions: RC and VP wrote the manuscript and conducted the cytological and cytometry studies. All authors contributed to the final manuscript.Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.Funding statement: n/aConflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interestEthics approval statement: This manuscript respects the ethic policy of CHU Lyon for the treatment of human research participants.Patient consent statement: No patient-identifying data were used. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policyPermission to reproduce material from other sources: The authors declare no use of third-party material in this study for which formal permission is requiredClinical trial registration : n/aWord count : 347Table count : 0Figure count : 1

IntroductionHematological malignancies (HMs) are a group of malignant clonal disorders that mainly affect the blood and hematopoietic tissues. They are broadly categorized into myeloid and lymphoid lineages \RL (1)\RL. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is classified as acute \RL lymphoid lineage disorder. All hematological malignancies engage the immune system and raise the chances of opportunistic infections mainly invasive fungal infections \RL)IFIs\RL( (2).Aspergillus and Mucorales species are emerged as increasingly relevant and most common agents responsible for highly lethal IFIs (3). The implementation of prophylaxis targetingCandida species in individuals with HMs has resulted in a higher occurrence of Aspergillosis compared to Candida infections (4).Aspergillus spp., the airborne microorganisms, can manifest in three principal forms: invasive, saprophytic, and allergic (5). AlthoughAspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus ) is the predominant species associated with disease, other species can also result in invasive infections in profound immunocompromised patients (6). Statistics indicate that invasive aspergillosis occurs in 4-15% of cases and has a mortality rate between 60% and 85% (7). Mucormycosis, a less frequent occurrence compared to aspergillosis, is a devastatingly angioinvasive fungal infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungi belonging to the Mucorales order (8). The main damage is rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated, with a high mortality rate, estimated between 32% and 70% (9). Although lung is the most prevalent site of infection in patients with hematologic malignancies, rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most common form classically described in diabetic patients (10).Severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count below 500 cells/mm3) due to toxic antineoplastic chemotherapies and myelosuppressive agents or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) placing HMs at a higher risk of evolving life-threatening infections with few symptoms (11).Herein we report a case of concomitant acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) and invasive pulmonary fungal infection withAspergillus and Mucoraceae species in a patient with pre B cell ALL. This research was approved by the Ethics committee of Isfahan University of medical sciences (IR.ARI.MUI.REC.1403.094), and written informed consent was obtained from the patient.

Introduction:Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) account for approximately 20 – 30% of all febrile neutropenic episodes in adults with malignancy. (1) There has been a shift in aetiology of BSI from Gram-positive to Gram-negative organisms depending on the geographic area. (2) In cancer patients, the Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection (PICCR-BSI) incidence rate is 2.6 per 1000 catheter days, 78% of which are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria and 43% are caused by Gram-positive bacteria. (3) Raoultella planticola (R. planticola) is a gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium that can be found in soil and water. Urine, faeces, and sputum of 9 – 18% of humans have R. planticola colonization. Although both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons can develop R. planticola bacteraemia, 82.4% of patients are immunocompromised. (4) There have been multiple case reports of urinary tract infections and a few reports of bacteraemia with R planticola as the cause.

Authors:Mohammed Suliman Alhuwaiti, Consultant, Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaSara Ibrahim Almuzaini, Urology resident, Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaEkram Awwadh Almutairi, Urology resident, Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaSami Abdullah AlRasheedi, Consultant, Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaFaris Fatim Alharbi, Consultant Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaTaha Alkharawi, Consultant, Department of Pediatric Surgery, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaCorresponding author:Mohammed Suliman Alhuwaiti, Consultant, Department of Pediatric Urology, MMCH Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaMAlhuwaiti@moh.gov.sa

Background and purpose: The aim of the study was to provide valuable real-world long-term safety data of the fixed pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg combination in comparison of monotherapy with statins of moderate intensity. Materials and methods: POSE study was an observational, comparative study conducted in three European countries. Patients treated or planned to be treated with pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg or with a moderate-intensity statin in monotherapy were assessed over 3 years. The main safety endpoints included the incidence of renal or urinary disorder, musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorder, hepatobiliary disorder and cardiovascular events. Results: The study included 3075 patients treated for dyslipidemia, with diabetes mellitus (47%), hypertension (56%) and/or established cardiovascular disease (61%). Over the three years of follow-up, the incidence of each safety event was low (≤3%) and similar in both treatment groups. The most frequently occurring events were; musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (44 events in the pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg group and 36 in the statin group), renal and urinary disorders (28 versus 24), and aggravated diabetes mellitus (31 versus 21). Most events occurred during the first year, then incidence decreased over the three-year period. The incidence of cardiovascular events was low in both groups (≤1.6%), with no new signal emerged from the long-term follow-up. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a reassuring long-term safety profile of the fixed pravastatin 40 mg/fenofibrate 160 mg combination in routine clinical practice, with low and similar incidence of events over the three years follow-up compared to a monotherapy with statins of moderate intensity.

Title: Traumatic Transmesenteric Hernia Leading to Ischemic Enterocolitis in an Adolescent- Case Report.

This paper presents a tunable selective antenna using variable-length liquid metal (LM) for frequency adaptability. The LM length is adjusted by voltage controlled movement within 3D-printed microfluidic channels, enabling frequency tuning. This compact antenna operates in the 1-3.6 GHz range, covering WiMAX, WiFi, and WLAN bands. By optimizing the LM length, we achieve six distinct, non-overlapping frequency bands from 0.9 to 3.6 GHz. We analyze the phase and amplitude using Smith charts to explain the band generation. The design’s effectiveness is confirmed through simulation and measurement, showing strong alignment and practical viability.

Characterizing soil moisture (SM) around drip irrigation pipes is crucial for precise and optimized farming. Machine learning (ML) approaches are particularly suitable for this task as they can reduce uncertainties caused by soil conditions and the drip pipe positions, using features extracted from relevant datasets. This letter addresses local moisture detection in the vicinity of dripping pipes using a portable microwave imaging system. The employed ML approach is fed with two dimensional images generated by two different microwave imaging techniques based on spatio-temporal measurements at various frequency bands. The study investigates the performance of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithms for moisture classification based on these images in three scenarios: before clutter removal, after clutter removal, and after applying imaging techniques such as back projection and the Born approximation. We also explore the potentials of CNN and KNN for moisture estimation around the plant roots and in the presence of pebbles. The results demonstrate the more accurate moisture estimation using CNN when it is applied after clutter reduction considering back projection algorithm (BPA) as the imaging technique. The results indicate that using the Back Projection technique for image formation, combined with CNN for classification, improves leak detection accuracy by approximately 20% compared to other methods.

1.BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are characterized by impaired control of alcohol consumption, compulsion to drink, and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.(1) The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions and accounts for 5.1% of the worldwide burden of disease.(2) AUD are more prevalent in high-income countries than in low and lower-middle-income countries and Muslim-majority countries.(3) Effective treatment is available. However, fewer than 20% of people affected access alcohol-related healthcare.(4, 5) For women with AUD, this number is even lower due to socio-economic and self-esteem factors.(6)Over the past decade, female harmful alcohol use has been an emerging trend in many countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the absolute global number of currently drinking women has increased and is predicted to continue increasing, especially in North and South America. (3) It is estimated that 3.7 % of women in the United States (US), and one in every 30 women aged 16 or older in the United Kingdom (UK), have an AUD.(7, 8)In Australia, women aged 45 to 60 who consume more than two standard drinks per day have increased from 8.8% in 2001 to 11.7% in 2019.(9) Women aged 30 to 39 have increased single-occasion risky drinking from 17% in 2001 to 21% in 2016.(10) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who consume alcohol do so at a higher median rate than non-Indigenous women, up to 14 standard drinks per session.(11) The size of the gender gap in alcohol use differs between countries and their cultures. For example, in Australia, among women aged 39 to 59, parity with men’s consumption of alcohol has almost been reached.(12) A similar trend has occurred in New Zealand and Norway, whereas in India, male use of alcohol outweighs women by 12:1 suggesting that culturally prescribed gender roles shape drinking behavior.(13)Women are more likely to experience negative health consequences from alcohol yet are less likely than men to access treatment.(14) Women are more vulnerable than men to the physical effects of alcohol due to differences in body weight and metabolism and are more susceptible to liver disease.(15) Women with moderate intake (15 – 30g/day) have a 10% higher risk ratio for mortality from cardiovascular disease possibly due to higher blood ethanol levels and the risk of liver dysfunction that contributes to morbidity.(16) Alcohol is a risk factor for the incidence of breast cancer; as little as one extra standard drink a day can increases the risk of breast cancer by 5% for premenopausal women and 9% for postmenopausal women.(11)Hormonal differences between men and women can affect alcohol use, menstrual-cycle stage and estrogen levels can influence ‘drug-liking’ and craving.(17) A systematic review by Salari et al.(18) reported a significant association between alcohol intake and sexual dysfunction in women, with 55% of study respondents reporting lower libido, and 52% in difficulty reaching orgasm. Also, menopause-related stress and depression can affect alcohol consumption and result in alcohol-related disease and injury, such as falls, stroke, and osteoporosis during the menopausal years.(17)According to Guinle and Sinha,(19) women are more likely than men to experience childhood victimization or trauma, which can be a factor in drinking to cope with emotional distress and negative affect. This, in turn, increases their risk of developing AUD. Women who drink are more likely to experience neuro-behavioral consequences that increase their risk of alcohol-related cognitive impairment. For example, a study by Fama et al.(20) found that moderate alcohol consumption, defined as less than 12.5 g/day (about one standard drink), was associated with a lower risk of dementia, whereas excessive drinking (more than 23 standard drinks per week) was associated with a higher risk of dementia.Alcohol use has historically been seen as a male-dominated behavior, and treatment approaches and settings can reflect this view.(21) Women can experience barriers to treatment, such as affordability and accessibility factors, and lack of recognition that their alcohol use is a problem.(22) Other barriers may include previous negative experiences with alcohol treatment, or lack of knowledge of treatment efficacy, unsupportive family, and language and cultural barriers.(23, 24) Furthermore, women are more likely than men to experience shame, and stigma about their drinking, which can thwart help-seeking.(25)There is a lack of evidence exploring women’s experiences and perspectives on alcohol-related treatment. There are systematic reviews that focus on specific populations or interventions for women, (26-32) though none on factors facilitating treatment uptake. To address this gap, we undertook a review to synthesize the available evidence regarding women’s views of alcohol treatment to inform approaches to healthcare for women with AUD.2.MethodThis systematic review sought to determine factors that facilitate treatment access for women with an AUD in high-income countries as defined by the World Bank(33) We employed a narrative synthesis and applied a social ecological framework to the analysis to best capture organizational, individual, and societal enablers of treatment uptake for women with AUD.(34)2.2. Search strategyThe search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian. Examples of the search terms used were: ‘alcohol dependence’, ‘alcoholism’, ‘alcohol use disorders’, ‘alcohol-related disorders’, ‘women’, ‘female’, ‘treatment-seeking’, ‘facilitators’, enablers’, ‘barriers’, ‘stigma’, Keywords were combined with MeSH terms and truncated as appropriate and specific for each database. For this study, ‘treatment uptake’ relates to at least one occasion of an outpatient, primary care, tele-health, face to face, pharmacological, online, harm reductive, or abstinence intervention. Five databases: Medline, Cinahl, PsychiNFO, Embase and Cochrane library databases were searched. Citation chaining was used to include relevant articles in the screening process. Peer reviewed articles containing qualitative and quantitative data were included. Limits were applied to studies from high-income countries only, and a year restriction from 2000 to 2023 to ensure a comprehensive search that included recent studies.This review focuses on adult women therefore, the population of the included studies are cis-gendered females aged 18 years and over. The search included women and alcohol use only, mixed substance use studies were included only if alcohol use data could be isolated. Studies including both men and women, were only included if the results relating to women could be disaggregated. The exclusion criteria included studies with non-female samples, children, over 80-year-olds, mixed population studies and mixed substance use studies.The review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA flowchart and statement (35) Two reviewers checked all full-text articles and completed a table for excluded articles with reasons. After duplicates were removed, 2360 citations were retrieved from the database search. The initial title and abstract review indicated 244 potentially relevant articles, and of these, 17 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review (see Figure 1).2.3. Study screening and quality appraisalThe retrieved publications were imported into the Covidence software platform for screening. The authors systematically applied the inclusion criteria to assess eligibility for all identified studies. For quality appraisal, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)(36) was used to assess qualitative studies and randomized control trials, while the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)(37) was applied to mixed-methods studies. Quality assessment was initially conducted by one author (MA) and independently confirmed by two other authors (AD & JR), to ensure agreement.2.4. Data extraction and analysisData including study design, sample size, population characteristics, intervention details, and results were extracted and collated by one author (MA). The findings were summarized in tabular form according to the three key areas of the individual, societal and organizational social ecological model and independently reviewed by other authors (AD & JR).A narrative synthesis, aligned with Popay et al.(38) Guidance on narrative synthesis in systematic reviews, was applied. The synthesis was driven by the theory that women’s treatment-seeking behaviors for AUD are shaped by factors across these levels.Study results were coded and categorized as a basis for the narrative synthesis, reflecting Popay’s structured approach. Each study was reviewed to identify key elements contributing to treatment-seeking, and results were categorized based on intervention type and reported outcomes. Findings were tabulated to identify common characteristics, and thematic analysis examined emerging individual, societal, and organizational patterns across studies, examining how different interventions related to study outcomes. For instance, stigma emerged as a common societal barrier, whereas support networks facilitated access to care. Outcomes were categorized by whether the intervention increased women’s participation in treatment programs.3. ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the review. Five studies were conducted in Australia (24, 39-42),, eight studies were conducted in the United States (6, 22, 43-48), and one study each in France (49), Belgium(25), Sweden (50) and the United Kingdom.(51)Fourteen studies were conducted in outpatient and community settings,(6, 22, 24, 25, 39, 40, 42, 44-46, 48-51) two studies conducted in criminal justice settings. (43, 47) and one study in a hospital setting.(52) The sample size of the studies ranged from 12 to 2647 participants.Six studies were qualitative, (25, 39, 40, 42, 50, 52) one study was phase 1 of a qualitative co-design study of four phases.(24) One quantitative study used a longitudinal design,(22) two studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT),(43, 51) one study was phase 2 of a RCT(22) and one was a pilot RCT.(46) Five were mixed method studies (6, 44, 47-49) (see Table 1).Several key themes emerged based on individual societal and organizational factors. Individual motivators were positively associated with problem perception, alcohol use severity, age, intrapersonal relationships, and the desire to keep the family together and retain or regain child custody. Societal motivational themes centered on social norms - such as the desire to drink and act responsibly and civilly - were affected by a woman’s socioeconomic status and interpersonal relationships. Organizational themes of accessibility, acceptability and affordability were positively affected by clinicians’ knowledge of treatment options, screening and brief interventions, harm reductive and non-labelling approaches, appointment flexibility, and short wait times.3.1. Individual factorsProblem perceptionFive studies included in this review reported associations between problem perception and treatment seeking (6, 22, 39, 43, 47). Alcohol problem severity and alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) symptom count was a significant predictor for women seeking treatment, with each additional AUD symptom being associated with 42% higher odds of perceiving a need for seeking alcohol treatment services.(22) Two studies of incarcerated women with AUD in the US found that a higher AUDIT score was significantly and positively related to engaging in any type of treatment upon release.(43, 47) Likewise, a study by Grosso et al.(6) reported that a greater degree of alcohol use severity and worry about increasing drinking was a motivating factor in 31% of participants.Intrapersonal consequencesNegative self-image and feelings of guilt, shame and unhappiness were found to be significant a predictor of treatment seeking in a community sample of treatment women in the US.(45) The respondents in another study expressed concern about appearance, such as ‘wrinkles and weight gain, embarrassing behavior such as ‘drunk dialing’, and risky or promiscuous behavior while drinking, secretive drinking, and cognitive impact of drinking, such as blackouts.(6) A 51-year-old participant in a study by Schamp et al.(25 p.180) described feelings of shame as a motivator to seeking treatment, ‘and often feeling bad about myself, or ashamed. All that played a role [in seeking help], the biggest role even’.Family affected by drinkingKeeping the family together was an important motivator for women to engage in alcohol treatment.(6, 25, 42) Thirty-eight per cent of women seeking treatment on the east coast of the US listed the ‘impact of drinking on spouse and children’ as a motivator.(6) Similarly, in an Australian study of sober curiosity and social class, several mothers described complexities with parenting teenagers or young adult children. Concerns about ‘increasingly anxious young people’ were described by one woman who said that reducing alcohol would allow for good role modelling and relief from the burden of worry about their older children.(42)Retaining or regaining custody of children was reported as a strong motivator to seek treatment in a study of residential and outpatient treatment-seeking women in a study by Schamp et al.(25)A 38-year-old respondent explained the loss of her daughter as help-seeking motivation, ‘they had already taken her away from me and [son] had also left home. So, it was basically to get them back, I had to do something, you know. It couldn’t go on like this’. (25 p.180)Mental health and trauma historyA study from France(49) found that rural women were more likely to self-initiate alcohol treatment if they had a family history of alcoholism (56% compared vs 35%), were twice as likely to have attempted suicide (43% compared to 23%) and have experienced physical and sexual trauma. Likewise, a study of barriers and facilitators among a community sample of rural and urban women by Small et al. (46) showed that 48.54% reported lifetime exposure to sexual or physical abuse, compared to only 2% of the men.

Iris longnanensis Z.F. Bai, Y.E. Xiao, F.Y. Yu (Iridaceae: subgenus Iris section Pseudoregelia), a novel herbaceous species native to the arid and thermal valleys of Longnan city, Gansu province, China, is herein described and illustrated. Morphologically akin to I. leptophylla Lingelsheim, I. longnanensis is distinguished by its dense, persistent foliage and strikingly short new leaves (6.6–15.1 cm) during the blooming season, along with its distinctive purplish-brown flowering stem. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast DNA sequences corroborate the classification of I. longnanensis within section Pseudoregelia, highlighting the significance of this new species discovery for understanding the evolution and diversity within the genus.

Root rot is one of the most threatening diseases to pea production. Root rot is caused by several interacting soil-borne pathogens, which makes it challenging to manage. Breeding for resistance is a promising approach for sustainable pea production. While quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance against individual pathogens have been identified, the genetic basis underlying resistance against the pathogen complex is poorly understood. Using a previously described diverse panel of 254 pea genotypes and 18k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we identified a novel QTL for resistance to root rot on chromosome chr6LG2. This QTL co-locates with a mitochondrial Rho GTPase and an F-box gene model, which are promising candidates for disease control. A whole-genome prediction model explained up to 53% of the phenotypic variation and reached predictive abilities of up to 0.51 for root rot-related traits. We found that plant height and shoot biomass were unreliable plant health indicators. Instead, these traits were related to the Mendelian Le locus, which controls stem length. Our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of quantitative root rot resistance in pea and provide novel tools that could accelerate the development of resistant pea lines through marker-assisted and genomic selection.

Preferential flow plays an important role in the ecosystem. In order to understand the influence of enclosure on the root-soil structure in the preferential flow region, and to understand the difference of root-soil structure between the preferential flow region and the matrix flow region. In this paper, the soil in the preferential flow region of Caragana korshinskii shrub under enclosure or grazing measures in Yanchi, Ningxia, China was selected as the research object. The geometric distribution and topological indexes of root-soil structure (aggregates, macropores and roots) were obtained by CT scanning and three-dimensional image processing. The results showed that the enclosed natural grassland had the highest staining area ratio (40.38%) and staining depth (271 mm). The distribution of soil aggregates and macropores in grazing artificial C. korshinskii shrub and enclosed natural C. korshinskii shrub was more uniform. Enclosure significantly reduced the number density and volume density of soil aggregates, macropores and roots in the preferential flow region (p<0.05). Compared with the matrix flow region, the number density of soil aggregates in the preferential flow region increased significantly (p<0.05), and the average equivalent diameter decreased significantly (p<0.05). Enclosure negatively affects soil aggregates and macropores. Aggregates directly promote the preferential flow process, and macropores indirectly affect the preferential flow process through aggregates. Clarifying the relationship between enclosure, root-soil structure and preferential flow can provide a basis for vegetation restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas.

Surviving the storm: Insights into the pericardial injuries and roller coaster of multisystem trauma in bomb blast victimsMuhammad Nadeem Ahmad1, Shahzeb Ali2, Muhammad Ahmed1, Naila Nadeem1, Mallick Muhammad Zohaibuddin1, Hatem Eltaly3, Muhammad Owais Rao1, Faheemullah Khan3, Uffan Zafar11 The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.2 Quaid-e-Azam Medical college, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.3 Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA .

A Case Study Highlighting the Fatal Nature and Underappreciation of Herbicidal ToxicityAuthors 1. Pratik Adhikari, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 56700, Nepal2. Sujan Kafle, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 56700, Nepal3. Varsha Chhetri, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 56700, Nepal4. Joshan Bajracharya, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 56700, NepalCorresponding Author Dr. Pratik Adhikari, Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 56700, Nepal.Email: adhikaripratik1450@gmail.comPhone: +9779860733348Degree: M.B.B.S, BPKIHS Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5051-2684

A document by Emily McInnes. Click on the document to view its contents.

Note: In nanoelectronics technology, special parameters and systems must be used to perform such processes. For example, in the metal marking process,  it is inevitable to use copper metal instead of the common aluminum metal for internal connections between different practical parts. But the rapid penetration of  Cu atoms under Si during heat treatment leads to the formation of a copper silicide layer and ultimately causes the destruction of the electronic component. To solve this  problem, they usually use an intermediate layer of retarding materials such as Ta and w or Mo as a penetration barrier to improve the thermal stability of the Si/Cu layer  . In the characterization of nanoparticles and Si/Ta/Cu multi-layer systems, there is an effect of negative bias voltage on improving the electrical and structural properties of the permeation barrier of the Ta sputtering layer in the Si/Ta system.  Surface processes of the Si layer, including burning, are carried out by plasma and ion beam technology. This kind of  integrated circuits with their unique characteristics in the nanometer scale have various applications of mesoscopic systems.

Brief report:

This editorial focuses on the issue of data misuse which is increasingly evidenced in social media as well as some premiere scientific journals like yours. This issue is of critical importance to open science projects in general, and ABCD in particular, given the broad array of biological, behavioral and environmental information collected on this American sample of 12.000 youth and parents. ABCD data are already widely used with over 1000 publications and twice as many citations per year as expected (relative citation index based on year, field and journal). However, the adverse consequences of misuse of data, and inaccurate interpretation of emergent findings from this precedent setting study may have profound impact on disadvantaged populations and perpetuate biases and societal injustices. This editorial contains recommendations and references which may guide authors and assist reviewers alike in avoiding misleading scientific interpretations not only with use of ABCD data but other large scale data sets as well.

We at EJN are delighted to introduce Dr. Laurel Trainor as the latest scientist for our series of Women in Neuroscience. We began this series to bring visibility and recognition to the superb women scientists working in our community (Helmreich et al., 2017). You can find all of the previous profiles at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/(ISSN)1460-9568.women-in-science I had the honor of speaking with Dr. Trainor in May 2024.

INTRODUCTION: In breast cancer, the regimen used for the neoadjuvant and adjuvant nonmetastatic setting is the 4 cycles of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide(AC) followed by Docetaxel(T), Docetaxel and Carboplatin regimens(T+Ca) and Docetaxel + Trastuzumab(T+Tr) (1,2). METHODS: A prospective open-label observational comparative study to evaluate the incidence of anemia and thrombocytopenia among the three regimens of chemotherapy regimen I AC-T, Regime II AC-T+Ca, Regimen III AC-T+Tr. All enrolled patients received pegfilgrastim/filgrastim. The total number of enrolment of patients in the study was 124 and distributed as 38,40,46 in three regimens respectively. RESULTS: The mean incidence of anemia in the regimen I , regimen II and regimen III in overall 8 cycles, it was 7.1± 1.5, 7.4+1.1, 7.1+1.5 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean incidence of anemia among the 3 study groups. A total of 109 episodes of thrombocytopenia out of 992 cycles of chemotherapy (10.9%) were observed.The mean incidence of thrombocytopenia in regimen I in the initial 4 cycles was 0.1+ 0.5; in the final 4 cycles, 0.2+ 0.6; and in the overall 8 cycles, 0.3+ 1. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean incidence of thrombocytopenia among the 3 study regimens. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the incidence of anemia among the 3 regimens in the initial 4 chemotherapy cycles, final 4 chemotherapy cycles, or overall 8 cycles of chemotherapy.Among the overall 8 cycles of chemotherapy, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean incidence of thrombocytopenia among the three regimens.

Background and Purpose: Yohimbine (YO) is used for lipolysis in mesotherapy since it stimulates the sympathetic nerve system by antagonizing α2-adrenergic receptors, although there is limited evidence on its mechanisms of action and safety. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the acute metabolic effects of a single YO dose on adipose tissue in mice. Experimental Approach: Female Swiss mice received a single subcutaneous injection of 100 µL saline (control) or 100 µL YO (80 µg or 800 µg) in the right inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and were euthanized 2 or 24 h post-injection. We assessed body mass (BM), blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and glycerol. Left and right iWAT were collected, weighed, and investigated by histopathology (adipocyte phenotype and cell size), and immunohistochemistry (uncoupling protein-1 [UCP-1] and hormone-sensitive lipase [HSL]). Key Results: YO 800 µg reduced BM after 24h and reduced glycaemia 2 and 24 h after injection. TG and TC were also lower, but glycerol was higher than the control group. On the site of YO injection (right iWAT), it reduced white adipocyte diameter time- and dose-dependently. Beige cells positive to UCP-1 were seen in iWAT, but surprisingly the HSL stain was unchanged. Conclusion and Implications: Acutely, YO mesotherapy in mice promoted significant local and systemic effects. It modulated BM and glycaemia, promoted lipid mobilization, and induced iWAT browning. However, further studies are needed to determine its safety dosage in mesotherapy and the metabolic effects when used chronically.

Background and Purpose Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized to contribute to drug-resistant epilepsy. Activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has emerged as an important upstream mechanism and increased P2X7R expression is present in the seizure focus in rodent models and patients. Pharmacologic antagonism of the P2X7R can attenuate seizures in rodents but this has not been explored in human neuronal networks. Experimental Approach Human neurons were differentiated from two induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. P2X7R function on neurons was assessed via P2X7R agonist BzATP-evoked calcium transients. Acute or chronic in vitro models of epileptiform-like events were generated by exposure of hiPSC cultures to the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin or a cocktail of picrotoxin and neuroinflammatory agents with or without the presence of P2X7R antagonists. Epileptiform-like activity was measured via single cell patch-clamp recordings. Key Results BzATP application (300 µM) resulted in increased calcium influx in hiPSC-derived neurons which was blocked by the P2X7R antagonists JNJ-47965567 (100 nM) and AFC-5128 (30 nM). Single-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that, while treatment with AFC-5128 did not reduce epileptiform-like activity triggered by picrotoxin alone, AFC-5128 reduced the severity of epileptiform-like activity under inflammatory conditions. Notably, epileptiform-like events in the inflammation-primed picrotoxin model were refractory to the anti-seizure medication carbamazepine alone but were reduced by the co-application of carbamazepine with AFC-5128. Conclusion and Implications Our findings demonstrate anti-seizure effects of targeting the P2X7R in a human neuronal network model of epilepsy and suggest P2X7R-based treatments may be an effective add-on therapy for controlling drug-resistant seizures.