Solar water pumping systems are a crucial application of renewable energy, especially in rural areas where traditional electricity infrastructure may be limited or nonexistent. These systems utilize solar energy to drive water pumps, offering a sustainable and economical solution for water provision. Remote controllers further enhance the convenience and efficiency of solar water pumping systems by enabling remote monitoring and control. This article introduces a solar water pumping system that incorporates an optimized Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller. By fine-tuning the FOPID parameters, the system can achieve superior performance and reliability, making it well-suited for operation under diverse environmental conditions. The photovoltaic (PV) panel data is transmitted to a remote controller via the Internet of Things (IoT). The remote controller employs the Adaptive Weighted Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm (ADMOA) to optimize the and parameters of the FOPID controller of solar PV panel. These optimized parameters are then transmitted to the FOPID controller to ensure optimal operation of the solar water pumping system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ADMOA method, it was compared to traditional trial-and-error tuning methods based on output power, stator current, rotor speed dynamics, and torque. Thus, the simulated findings consistently reveal the superiority of the ADMOA algorithm in terms of convergence analysis and solution quality compared to other reported techniques.

A document by Edgar Cruz. Click on the document to view its contents.

We establish rigorous relationships between non-commutative deformation parameters, symmetry breaking, and fractal geometry in infinite-dimensional optimization landscapes. Through operator-algebraic methods, we prove: (1) an isomorphism between deformation parameter θ and broken symmetry rank via Moyal space geometry, (2) a duality between unstable manifold codimension and fractal excess dimension δ(θ), and (3) spectral control of both adaptive refinement complexity and fractal scaling by minimal Hessian eigenvalues. The results unify algebraic, geometric, and measure-theoretic perspectives on optimization landscape complexity.

Traditionally, the study of free surface flows assumed irrotationality to simplify matters, and the results seemed to have great success, notable with the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) equation. In the past decade, there have been attempts to remove this seemingly strong condition and replace it with global constant vorticity equivalent to a linear shear flow. In [9], a method was developed to deal with not only linear shear flow but with shear flow as a general function of the vertical coordinate. This paper investigates vorticity as a function of x and y. We demonstrate that our method is versatile enough to cope with this. We use vorticity with a Gaussian profile as an example, but any function can be used. Our method cannot cope with point vortices, but the Gaussian function can be used to approximate a point vortex.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant superbugs has heightened concerns about environmental pollutants such as tetracycline hydrochloride, necessitating effective removal strategies. Among various treatment approaches, photocatalysis has demonstrated particular promise. In this study, we present a groundbreaking advancement in photocatalytic technology through the development of a novel material that combines superior adsorption capabilities with enhanced photocatalytic properties. The innovation lies in our pioneering implementation of a third-component doping strategy, which enabled the construction of an organic semiconductor intrinsic heterojunction photocatalytic layer with an A-D-A structure, integrated onto a natural biomass carbon substrate. This strategic integration creates a synergistic system wherein the natural biomass carbon component rapidly concentrates pollutants, while the organic semiconductor bulk heterojunction photocatalytic layer generates electrons and free radicals for degradation. The material’s exceptional performance is evidenced by its ability to completely degrade 20 mg/L of tetracycline hydrochloride within 30 minutes, establishing a new benchmark in treatment efficiency. Through density-functional theory (DFT) analysis, we have elucidated the underlying degradation mechanism, providing theoretical insights that may facilitate the development of advanced treatment solutions for a broader spectrum of organic pollutants through adsorption photocatalysis.

Carbon coatings for silicon (Si)-based anode materials are essential for designing high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The coatings prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and enhance anode performance. However, conventional carbon coatings are limited by their volume expansion and structural degradation, which lead to capacity fading and reduced durability. This study introduces a scalable and practical one-step carbon coating strategy for directly coating silicon suboxide (SiOx)-based materials using aqueous quasi-defect-free reduced graphene oxide (QrGO) without post-treatment, unlike conventional graphene oxide (GO)-based coating methods. This simple process enables uniform encapsulation with QrGO for a highly adhesive and conductive coating. The QrGO-based composite anode material has several advantages, including reduced cracking due to volume expansion and enhanced charge carrier transport, as well as an increased Si content of 20 wt.% compared to the 5 wt.% in typical commercial Si-based active materials. In particular, the capacity retention of the QrGO-coated Si electrodes dramatically increases at high C-rate. The full cell exhibited long-term stability and capacity that were twice that of commercial SiOx-based cells. Therefore, the QrGO-based one-step coating process represents a scalable, transformative and commercially viable strategy for developing high-performance LIBs.

Biomass-derived activated carbon materials (BCMs) exhibit excellent supercapacitance performance with good cycling stability due to their high specific surface area and porous nature. Nevertheless, low power density (Pd) and energy density (Ed) greatly limit the practical application of BCMs. Herein, a facile three-step method was developed to fabricate 3D-hierarchical porous active carbon electrode materials (ESM-AC-CW and ESM-AC-CWA) derived from hydrolyzed eggshell membrane (H-ESM) containing multiple heteroatoms (B, N, F, P, O). ESM-AC-CWA exhibited a high surface area of 2085.10 m2/g with low weight percentage (wt%) of B, N, P, and O atoms. ESM-AC-CW showed a moderate surface area of 65.26 m2/g but with a high wt% of heteroatoms such as B, N, S, O, F, and P. Surprisingly, ESM-AC-CW and ESM-AC-CWA as electrodes display excellent electrochemical performance. In three-electrode system, ESM-AC-CWA and ESM-AC-CW exhibited excellent specific capacitance (Cs) of 582.6 F/g and 440.3 F/g, respectively, at 1 A/g. Similarly, in two-electrode system, remarkable Cs of 243.5 F/g and 159.8 F/g were achieved by ESM-AC-CWA and ESM-AC-CW, respectively. ESM-AC-CWA attained excellent cycling stability (90.8% after 10000 cycles), good Ed (18.96 Wh kg-1), maximum Pd (4818.9 W kg-1) and an excellent initial columbic efficiency of 79.1% (86.7% after 10000 cycles) at 1 A/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most efficient BCMs (based on Cs, Pd, and Ed) as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

A neoadjuvant therapy with apatinib combined with chemotherapy for primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma：a case reportHe Zhen1.2 Yaning Wei1.2*1. Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence to: He Zhen; Yaning WeiEmail: zhenhe0424@163.com weiyaningwork@163.comSubmitted Mar. 10, 2025.Funding: This work was supported by Youth Research Fund Project of Hebei University Affiliated Hospital (No.2023QA08); Hebei University Medical Discipline Cultivation Project（No.2024A02）Keywords: primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma; gastric cancer diagnosis; treatment ;case reportKey clinical message: Primary GSCC is very rare and there is currently no standard treatment in clinical practice. Apatinib combined with SOX regimen for neoadjuvant, surgical and postoperative chemotherapy treatment of primary GSCC significantly prolongs patient survival. This suggests that combined anti-vascular chemotherapy may be an option for the neoadjuvant treatment of GSCC.Abstract: In comparison with common gastric adenocarcinoma, primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a rarity in clinical practice. The following report details a case of primary GSCC in a 48-year-old male patient, with the main symptom upon admission being left upper abdominal pain. The clinical features were not obvious, and following gastroscopy, pathology and a multidisciplinary discussion, the diagnosis was locally advanced gastric antral squamous cell carcinoma. Following neoadjuvant targeted chemotherapy, surgery, and postoperative adjuvant therapy, no signs of tumour recurrence or metastasis were observed during a three-year follow-up. Despite the absence of standardised treatment plans for GSCC, new treatment methods have been adopted for locally advanced GSCC, yielding positive outcomes. These results may inform the development of more effective treatment plans and improve patient prognosis and outcomes.

Endocannabinoid system is an important contributor to body’s immune responses which are significantly impaired by sleep deprivation (SD). Although cannabinoids can modulate the endocannabinoid system, but most are understudied, especially regarding SD. To investigate the therapeutic potential of CBD, CBG, CBC and their combinations, current study analyzed SD-induced memory impairment, depression, glial responses, and cytokine expression and therapeutic effects of cannabinoid treatments. The results showed that memory impairment and depression were more evident in SD groups. Moreover, microglial activation and proinflammatory polarization was also more evident and was supported by increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in SD groups. These changes were significantly reversed the cannabinoid groups but the combination of CBD+CBC was more effective than other treatments in revering these SD-induced behavioral and neuro-inflammatory changes.

Dystonia is characterized by abnormal twisting and turning of body parts, sometimes accompanied by tremulous movements, while tremor involves rhythmic oscillatory movements. These phenomena can coexist, particularly in forms of dystonia that resemble tremor, known as jerky dystonia. This study investigates the physiological differences in pallidal neurons among patients with jerky dystonia, tremor with dystonia, and their combination (mixed dystonia), and identifies neuronal characteristics that predict therapeutic success with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Our analysis of neuronal activity in patients undergoing DBS therapy revealed distinct patterns based on therapeutic effects. In the ’No Effect’ group, neurons had similar characteristics across jerky dystonia, dystonia with tremor, and mixed subgroups, with significant differences in firing rate and preburst interval. The ’Good Effect’ group showed more pronounced differences, with higher firing rates and lower preburst intervals in jerky dystonia compared to dystonia with tremor and mixed dystonia. Dystonia with tremor had higher burst spike percent and longer preburst intervals, while mixed dystonia had the highest preburst interval. These findings indicate that jerky dystonia and tremor with dystonia involve distinct physiological processes, characterized by different neuronal subtypes and firing responses. Mixed dystonia represents a unique physiological process, not merely a combination of the other two. The regions of the pallidum that improve jerky dystonia and tremor are anatomically different. This suggests distinct connectivity patterns and has practical implications for predicting therapeutic success with DBS in different dystonia subtypes.

\[ {c^2}}} \; {{c^2}}}}}{\alpha} = l \sin\beta. \]

Bell's theorem presents a fundamental limit on the correlations achievable by any local hidden variable theory, seemingly precluding such models from reproducing quantum mechanical predictions. In this paper, we introduce a local hidden variable model based on phenomenological velocity and curvature operator techniques. By constructing a mathematical framework that maintains locality and realism, we demonstrate that it is possible to reproduce the quantum mechanical correlation functions that violate Bell's inequalities. This challenges the conventional understanding imposed by Bell's theorem and suggests the need for a re-examination of the foundational assumptions in quantum mechanics.

This article studies the robust dividend and reinsurance strategies for an ambiguity aversion insurer under model uncertainty with Parisian Ruin. The insurer controls its liquid reserves by purchasing proportional reinsurance and paying dividends. We consider model uncertainty and suppose that the insurer is ambiguous about the liquid reserves process, which is described by a class of equivalent probability measures. The objective of the insurer is to maximize the expected present value of the dividend payouts until the exponential Parisian ruin. A detailed proof of the verification theorem is presented for the robust singular-regular problem. When the robustness preference parameter is restricted to a limited range, we derive the closed-form solutions of the robust strategies. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the impacts of the parameters on the robust control problem.

AllergoOncology explores the intersection of allergic diseases and cancer, focusing on shared immune mechanisms mediated by monocytes and macrophages. These cells exhibit high heterogeneity, plasticity, and functional diversity across tissues and disease progression, yet their roles in allergic disorders remain unclear. This scoping review systematically analyzed 138 articles, identifying 451 molecules associated with monocyte and macrophage responses in allergic diseases, including Allergic Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, and Allergic Rhinitis. Our findings revealed a research bias toward blood-derived samples, underrepresentation of tissue-resident macrophages and limited inclusion of non-coding RNAs. Semantic similarity and pathway enrichment analyses identified shared molecular signatures across major allergic disorders, highlighting interleukin signaling and immune activation pathways. Less-studied conditions, such as Allergic Alveolitis and Food Allergy, displayed distinct molecular profiles, emphasizing the need for broader investigations. To enhance data accessibility, we developed [ALO•HA](https://rebollidorioslab.shinyapps.io/aloha/), a web application for interactive analysis. [ALO•HA](https://rebollidorioslab.shinyapps.io/aloha/) fosters reproducibility and translational potential for both researchers and clinicians. Our findings highlight the need for integrative approaches, combining omics technologies and human-based studies, to better characterize monocyte and macrophage phenotypes in allergy. This work advances the understanding of allergy-immunity interactions, bridges allergy and oncology, addresses critical gaps and opens new opportunities for therapeutic development.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world in terms of cancer mortality, threatening people's health and safety. Advanced gastric cancer cannot be eradicated by surgery, and the effect of traditional treatment is not satisfactory. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become promising new treatment modalities, but there are fewer therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. We screened existing datasets related to gastric cancer treatment and drug resistance to identify novel therapeutic targets. We analyzed three gastric cancer chemotherapy related datasets using bioinformatics and identified 28 significantly differentially expressed genes for further analysis. The results of the analysis showed that CDH11, SRPX and TPM2 were independent significant factors that were highly associated with poor prognosis of overall survival in gastric cancer. Gene expression and tumour stemness analysis showed that SRPX and TPM2 were highly correlated in gastric cancer. Immune infiltration score analysis showed that SRPX had higher immune infiltration than TPM2 in gastric cancer. The analysis results suggested that SRPX is a potential target for novel targeted therapy and immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

Dynamic updating technique for initial structure in pixel antenna design and optimization is proposed. The conventional approach to pixel antenna design employs a fixed initial pixel structure set at the start of the entire process, while rarely study the setting the initial structure, therefore the performance potential is not fully exploited. The proposed approach adaptively updates the initial structure to enhance the performance of the pixel antenna design, aiming to find the optimal initial pixel structure that achieves miniaturization and broadband capabilities. In general, the design procedure starts with an initial structure with relatively big element size and small overall size, then gradually reduces the element size and expands the overall size of the pixel area. A two-port pixel antenna is used as a design example to validate the proposed updating technique. The goal was to design a dual-port pixel antenna operating in the band of 2.4 GHz to 3.2 GHz, using miniaturized size. After two rounds of updates, the obtained −10 dB impedance bandwidths increased from 0.44 GHz (2.47 GHz-2.91GHz) to 0.75 GHz (2.45 GHz-3.20 GHz) and to 1.07 GHz (2.35 GHz-3.42 GHz), while had isolation better than −15dB. The statistical results of 10 optimization runs for 3 initial structures also showed the performance enhancement of each updated initial structure. The proposed updated technology can be applied to other types of pixel antenna designs, with different design specifications.

Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature ReviewXinmei Dang\*¹, Zhenjiang Wang¹, Zhaocheng Zhang¹, Lintao Bi¹¹Department of Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, ChinaEmail: dangxinmei@hospital.cnAbstractBackground:Gastric adenocarcinoma of the cervix (G-EAC), a rare HPV-independent malignancy, is associated with diagnostic challenges and poor prognosis. Its co-occurrence with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a genetic disorder predisposing to multiple tumors, is scarcely documented.Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman with PJS presented with irregular vaginal discharge. Imaging revealed a 6.6 cm cervical mass, and histopathology confirmed gastric-type adenocarcinoma (MUC6+/CK7+/p16−). Staged as FIGO IIA2, she received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel/cisplatin) with minimal response, followed by radical hysterectomy and adjuvant chemoradiation. Despite initial remission, disease progression led to death 26 months post-diagnosis.Conclusion:This case underscores the aggressive behavior of G-EAC in PJS patients, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing, multidisciplinary management, and exploration of targeted therapies. Regular surveillance for PJS-associated malignancies is crucial.Keywords: Gastric-type cervical adenocarcinoma; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; STK11 mutation; Chemoresistance; Genetic counselingIntroductionGastric adenocarcinoma of the cervix (G-EAC), defined by gastric differentiation and HPV-independence, accounts for 0.15%-0.45% of cervical cancers. Its poor prognosis stems from late diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), caused by germline STK11 mutations, confers an 18-fold increased cancer risk. Few reports describe G-EAC in PJS patients, highlighting the need for clinical vigilance.Case PresentationClinical HistoryA 57-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1) with PJS presented with 2 months of irregular vaginal discharge. She exhibited perioral and mucosal hyperpigmentation since age 12. Her son carried a pathogenic STK11 mutation.Diagnostic EvaluationImaging: Pelvic MRI demonstrated a 6.6 cm cervical mass invading the vaginal fornix (Figure 1).Histopathology: Cervical biopsy confirmed gastric-type adenocarcinoma (MUC6+/CK7+/p16−; Figure 2).Staging: FIGO IIA2 (tumor size 5×4×2.5 cm; lymphovascular space invasion present).Therapeutic Intervention1. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Two cycles of paclitaxel (300 mg/m²) + cisplatin (50 mg/m²) yielded 9% tumor regression.2.Surgery:Radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (4/10 nodes positive; upstaged to IIIC1p).3. Adjuvant Therapy: Pelvic radiotherapy (50.4 Gy/28 fractions) with concurrent cisplatin.Clinical CoursePost-treatment surveillance revealed elevated CA-199 (1,200 U/mL) and lower limb edema secondary to vascular thrombosis. The patient died 26 months post-diagnosis without radiographic evidence of recurrence.DiscussionKey Findings1.Genetic Association:PJS-related STK11 mutations drive tumorigenesis via disrupted cell cycle regulation.2. Therapeutic Challenges:G-EAC exhibits chemoradiation resistance; HER2/PD-L1-targeted therapies may improve outcomes.3. Diagnostic Pitfalls:Negative HPV testing and nonspecific symptoms delay diagnosis. MRI and immunohistochemistry (MUC6/HIK1083) are critical tools.Clinical Implications- Proactive screening (annual pelvic exams, CA-199 monitoring) for PJS patients starting at age 18.- Genetic counseling and STK11 testing for at-risk families.ConclusionG-EAC in PJS demands a high index of suspicion. Multidisciplinary management, including genetic profiling and trials of anti-HER2/immunotherapy, is essential. Early detection through structured surveillance protocols may mitigate poor outcomes.DeclarationsEthics ApprovalApproved by the Ethics Committee of Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital (No. 2021-EC-45). Written informed consent was obtained.Competing InterestsThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.FundingNone.Authors’ contributionsLB planned the research; XD, ZW, ZZ, and LB collected the data; XD wrote the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the manuscript.References1.Turashvili G, Park KJ. Cervical glandular neoplasia: classification and staging. Surg Pathol Clin. 2019;12(2):281-313.2.Banno K, Kisu I, Yanokura M, et al. Hereditary gynecological tumors associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (Review). Oncol Lett. 2013;6(5):1184-1188.3.WHO Classification of Tumors Editorial Board. WHO classification of tumors: female genital tumors. IARC Publications; 2020.4.Stolnicu S, Barsan I, Hoang L, et al. International endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(2):214-226.5.Park E, Kim SW, Kim S, et al. Genetic characteristics of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Mod Pathol. 2021;34(3):637-646.6.Song SH, Lee JK, Saw HS, et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with multiple genital tract tumors and breast cancer. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21(4):752-757.7.Ayadi-Kaddour A, Bouraoui S, Bellil K, et al. Colonic adenocarcinoma and bilateral malignant ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Pathologica. 2004;96(3):117-120.8.Nakamura A, Yamaguchi K, Minamiguchi S, et al. Mucinous adenocarcinoma, gastric type of the uterine cervix: clinical features and HER2 amplification. Med Mol Morphol. 2019;52(1):52-59.9.Hanks SK, Quinn AM, Hunter T. The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science. 1988;241(4861):42-52.10.Aretz S, Stienen D, Uhlhaas S, et al. High proportion of large genomic STK11 deletions in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2005;26(6):513-519.11.Itoh K, Toki T, Shiohara S, et al. A comparative analysis of cross sectional imaging techniques in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. BJOG. 2000;107(9):1158-1163.12.Kerwin CM, Markese M, Moroney MR, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, gastric-type (GAS): a review focused on pathology and imaging. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023;48(2):713-723.13.Li G, Jiang W, Gui S, Xu C. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;110(2):89-92.14.Schoolmeester JK, Erickson LA. Cervical minimal deviation adenocarcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(1):e7-e8.15.Karamurzin YS, Kiyokawa T, Parkash V, et al. Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: an aggressive tumor with unusual metastatic patterns. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39(11):1449-1457.16.Nishio S, Mikami Y, Tokunaga H, et al. Analysis of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;153(1):13-19.17.Gruber SB, Entius MM, Petersen GM, et al. Pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Cancer Res. 1998;58(23):5267-5270.18.Mikami Y. Gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the cervix and its precursors. Histopathology. 2020;76(1):102-111.19.Mikami Y, Kiyokawa T, Hata S, et al. Gastrointestinal immunophenotype in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix. Mod Pathol. 2004;17(8):962-972.20.McCluggage WG. Recent developments in non-HPV-related adenocarcinomas. Adv Anat Pathol. 2016;23(1):58-69.21.Carleton C, Hoang L, Sah S, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of cervical and vaginal gastric-type adenocarcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(5):636-644.22.Yamanoi K, Ishii K, Tsukamoto M, et al. Gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycan expression in cervical lesions. Virchows Arch. 2018;473(3):305-311.23.Boudeau J, Kieloch A, Alessi DR, et al. Functional analysis of LKB1/STK11 mutants in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2003;21(2):172.24.Clements A, Robison K, Granai C, et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with breast cancer and adenoma malignum. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009;19(9):1591-1594.25.Nevozinskaya Z, Korsunskaya I, Sakaniya L, et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in dermatology. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2019;28(3):135-137.26.Kwon SY, Choe MS, Lee HW, et al. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma and tumorlets in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Gynecol Oncol. 2013;24(1):92-95.27.Peng WX, Kure S, Ishino K, et al. P16-positive minimal deviation adenocarcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(5):5877-5882.28.Kojima A, Mikami Y, Sudo T, et al. Gastric morphology and immunophenotype in cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(5):664-672.29.Wang S, Zhou X, Niu S, et al. HER2 in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2023;36(6):100148.30.Chen L, Lucas E, Zhang X, et al. PD-L1 expression in HPV-independent cervical adenocarcinoma. Histopathology. 2022;80(2):338-347.31.Gordhandas SB, Kahn R, Sassine D, et al. Gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the cervix in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2022;32(1):79-88.32.Gupta S, Weiss JM, Axell L, et al. Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: colorectal. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines. 2022.Figure LegendsFigure 1. Pelvic MRI showing cervical mass (arrow).Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry of cervical biopsy (MUC6 positivity).

Introduction：Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than its usual position between the second and fourth tracheal rings. It is more common in women, and although ectopic thyroid tumors can occur, malignant transformation is rare, accounting for approximately 3% to 0.5% of thyroid cancers[1,2]. Clinical manifestations of ectopic thyroid carcinoma lack specific characteristics but may include a painless neck lump or tongue tumor causing discomfort and difficulty swallowing due to compression on the trachea or esophagus, leading to breathing or swallowing difficulties. Imaging findings typically show solid masses or mixed cystic and solid lesions. Nuclear imaging using radioactive iodine (131I) can be used as the preferred diagnostic method for ectopic thyroid after excluding metastatic thyroid cancer; if radioiodine uptake is detected outside the normal location, an ectopic thyroid diagnosis can be made. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment option for ectopic thyroid cancer.

Genomic selection has emerged as a transformative approach in animal breeding and genetic improvement, revolutionizing the field by enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of selection processes. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the advancements and implications of genomic selection in animal breeding, focusing on its transformative impact on genetic improvement strategies. Genomic selection leverages the availability of high-throughput genotyping technologies and advanced statistical methods to predict the genetic merit of animals based on their genomic profiles. By utilizing information from thousands of genetic markers distributed across the genome, genomic selection enables breeders to make informed decisions at an early stage, even before the animals reach reproductive maturity .The integration of genomic and phenotypic data in statistical models, such as genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and Bayesian methods is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the review encompasses the estimation of genomic breeding values (GBVs) and their application in breeding programs. Genomic selection enhances the accuracy of selection decisions by capturing genetic information that would otherwise remain undetected using traditional methods. It enables early identification of elite animals, accelerates the rate of genetic gain, and reduces the generation interval. Additionally, genomic selection facilitates the selection for traits with low heritability, such as disease resistance, fertility, and complex traits influenced by multiple genes. The review also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with genomic selection, including the need for large reference populations, the potential for bias due to population structure, and the importance of considering genotype-by-environment interaction.

Soil nutrient stoichiometry is fundamental to ecosystem functioning. However, it remains unclear how long-term vegetation restoration affects its dynamics. This study utilized long-term monitoring to compare soil C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics under five stand types: cropland (CK), natural secondary forest (NSF), Robinia and Pinus mixed forest (RPF), Robinia pseudoacacia plantation (RF), and Pinus tabuliformis plantation (PTF). Specific focus was given to soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), as well as their C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios. During 30 years of vegetation restoration, SOC and TN increased by 11.65% and 7.46%, while TP decreased significantly by 11.74% ( P>0.05). Furthermore, SOC and TN increased significantly with natural restoration (NSF) and stabilized by the 25th year. SOC and TN decreased to a minimum approximately during the 7th to 9th year period under artificial vegetation restoration (PF, RF, RPF); SOC and TN recovered to their initial values after approximately 13 to 15 years, and stabilized by the 25th year. Finally, the C:N ratio did not change significantly, while the C:P and N:P ratios varied temporally with early fluctuations (0–10 year period), significant increases in the mid-term (10–20 year period; P < 0.05), and stabilization in the late stage (20–30 year period). Climate indirectly influenced SOC, TN, and TP through soil and vegetation factors. SOC and TN were directly affected by both soil and vegetation factors, while TP was primarily influenced by vegetation factors. Over the 30-year period, the contribution of vegetation factors to soil nutrients gradually increased, with tree and herbaceous biomass being a key factor, while the contribution of soil factors decreased. Our findings provide crucial insights into the long-term effects of vegetation restoration on soil nutrient cycling and stoichiometric optimization in the Loess Plateau and offer a scientific basis for formulating effective restoration strategies.

Understanding how changing biological communities will impact ecosystem function is critical for projecting future dynamics and maintaining resilient ecosystems. Trait-based ecology can provide a clearer mechanistic understanding of a system useful for predicting biological changes and potential impacts for ecosystem functioning. Here we apply a novel set of functional traits to epibenthic organisms which, to our knowledge, have not been assessed in this way. We then use these traits to compare an epibenthic community from a North Carolina hard bottom reef over two consecutive years to demonstrate the utility of this trait-based method and to explore implications of a changing epibenthic community. We find that both taxonomic and trait community structure differed between the summers of 2016 and 2017, yet there was little change in either taxonomic or trait diversity. From 2016 to 2017, communities shifted from tall, uncalcified primary producers to short, calcified consumers. We suggest this shift represents an overall loss of reef functions, such as reduced biogenic habitat provisioning and primary production, and that these were driven primarily by the loss of major macroalgae not replaced by other taxa. This ability to assess species traits inclusive of invertebrates and macroalgae will have broad implications for reef ecology under climate change where algal-invertebrate phase-shifts are increasingly common.

Abstract: Docetaxel (Dtx) is a frequently used antineoplastic agent despite its dose-limiting toxic effects. Our objective was to assess the effects of oleuropein (Ole), a natural polyphenol, on Dtx-induced toxicity. Thirty-two male rats were randomly assigned to four groups for a four-week treatment: Control (sham), Dtx (5 mg/kg weekly, i.p.), Ole (30 mg/kg daily, p.o.), and Dtx+Ole. Biochemical and gene expression analyses were performed on liver, kidney, and blood samples. Additionally, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were conducted on the liver and kidneys. Ole reduced the Dtx-induced oxidative stress index in tissues. In contrast to Dtx, it decreased caspase-3 and Bax gene expressions while increasing Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, Ole improved the ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels, which were impaired by Dtx administration. It also reduced serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, which had been elevated due to Dtx. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed that Ole administration mitigated Dtx-related damage in both tissues. These findings suggest that Ole might offer protection against Dtx-induced liver and kidney toxicity in rats.Keywords : Docetaxel, oleuropein, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity.

Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, are increasingly recognized as mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and potential mediators of transgenerational responses to environmental change. We investigated the persistence of early life temperature-induced DNA methylation changes and the role of parental life history in shaping methylation patterns in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Fertilized eggs from crosses of anadromous and resident trout were incubated under natural or elevated temperatures (by +3°C) until first feeding, after which all fish were reared under common conditions. Whole-genome bisulfite pooled sequencing was conducted on juveniles 10.5 months post-fertilization. We found weak and inconsistent evidence for persistent temperature-induced methylation changes, with little overlap among different parental cross types. In contrast, parental life history, particularly maternal origin, significantly influenced offspring methylation patterns. Maternally derived differences were more extensive than paternal effects and were enriched for genes related to metabolism, nervous system function, and digestion, suggesting potential adaptive relevance. These findings highlight a limited long-term impact of early-life thermal conditions on methylation and emphasize a stronger role of transgenerational epigenetic effects in brown trout. Given that climate change is expected to alter thermal regimes in future aquatic ecosystems, our results, along with other recent publications, suggest that parental environmental history may be a more significant driver of epigenetic variability than temperature experienced during eary life. Understanding such mechanisms is critical for predicting how populations may respond to ongoing and future climate change.

Trichodesmium plays a critical role in nitrogen fixation and primary production in marine ecosystems. Understanding its light absorption properties is essential for advancing remote sensing techniques to monitor its distribution and ecological impact. This study focuses on the spectral signatures of Trichodesmium erythraeum and T. thiebautii, observed in bloom conditions in the coastal and open ocean waters of Arabian Sea. Both species exhibit distinct absorption peaks associated with chlorophyll-a and phycobiliproteins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Key spectral features include pronounced peaks around 437 nm and 678 nm for chlorophyll-a, and additional peaks near 494, 546, and 627 nm, attributed to phycourobilin, phycoerythrobilin, and phycocyanin, respectively. These spectral features enable Trichodesmium to efficiently capture light across a broad spectrum, enhancing its photosynthetic efficiency in oligotrophic oceanic regions. The results from this study provide critical data for refining remote sensing algorithms, particularly in distinguishing Trichodesmium from other phytoplankton communities.