Photoluminescence produced by excitation with ultraviolet light has been documented in an increasing number of nocturnal-crepuscular mammal species. Here, we provide a quantitative analysis to confirm visual observations of UV-induced photoluminescence in six North American bat species. We used museum specimens to examine wavelength and irradiance at peak photoluminescent emission, within and among species and sexes. We observed green photoluminescence on the wings, uropatagium, and hind limbs of all 60 museum specimens examined. Spectral scans revealed a consistent emission peak between 538 and 560 nm corresponding to the observed green color. We found that Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) exhibited higher irradiance levels than other species. We found no differences in irradiance or wavelength between sexes and irradiance was not related to specimen age. Our results suggest that photoluminescence is homologous in origin for the species we examined and may serve an important role in social behavior. We emphasize the need for further exploration into the evolutionary and functional roles of photoluminescence across mammalian taxa.

Analysis of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) in simple oddball paradigms typically involves extraction of responses time-locked to each sound averaged together by tone type. ERP component differences to higher probability (‘standard’) and lower probability (‘deviant or oddball’) events support the inference that we rapidly and automatically extrapolate from patterns to anticipate the most likely structure and properties of upcoming sounds. In simple oddball sequences a repetitious standard sound is occasionally interrupted by low probability deviants and design principles recommend that deviants are always separated by occurrences of the repeating standard. In this paper we exploit this design feature by extracting five-tone epochs centred on the deviant tone onset, because every deviant was preceded and followed by a minimum of three standards. Continuous EEG was collected from 32 healthy adult participants who heard four occurrences of a four-block alternating-oddball sequence. This sequence contained two sounds (30 ms and 60 ms pure tones) organised into four blocks in which the two sounds alternated in tone probability as rare deviants (p=0.125) or common standards (p=0.875). The five-tone epoch analysis revealed that the occurrence of a deviant triggered a prolonged negative shift in the ERP that extended across the whole deviant tone response and that of the subsequent standard. A mean ‘deviant complex’ amplitude over 120-600ms post deviant and a mean ‘standard complex’ amplitude 480 – 0 ms pre-deviant were analysed to assess for change over time. Results revealed convergence of standard and deviant measures such that the standard complex became less positive and the deviant less negative over time both within and across sequences. Furthermore, an anticipatory component emerged at the expected onset of the tone following the deviant. Findings are discussed with respect to being potential indices of excitatory/inhibitory homeostasis and evidence of pattern prediction over several 10s of minutes.

Background: Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) agonist that approved by the FDA in 2016 for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse events (AEs) associated with OCA. Methods: We extracted data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the second quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analyses were conducted to assess risk signals of AEs associated with OCA through four algorithms, encompassing Reporting Rdds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). Results: Out of 12,839,687 reports from the FAERS database, 5,763 reports with OCA as ‘principal suspect (PS)’ AEs were identified. Across 27 organ systems, we identified 162 significant disproportionate preferred terms (PTs), which mainly concentrated in gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. A large proportion of AEs occurred within 30 days and 1 year latter after medication, and the number of reports from female patients was significantly higher than male patients. Conclusion: This real-world study provided evidence emphasizing the importance of proper use of OCA on patient safety and quality of healthcare

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Somalia. Medical students play a crucial role in future antimicrobial stewardship. Understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and resistance is essential in addressing this issue.

Abstract HMPL-306 (Ranosidenib), a novel dual inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (mIDH1/2), emerges as a transformative therapeutic strategy for cancers harboring mIDH mutations, addressing critical limitations of single-target therapies. By concurrently inhibiting mIDH1/2, HMPL-306 circumvents isoform switching, a key resistance mechanism and potently suppresses the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), a driver of tumorigenesis and epigenetic dysregulation. In relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where mIDH1/2 mutations are prevalent, early clinical trials report complete remission rates with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) exceeding 30%, outperforming single-IDH inhibitors. Its unmatched CNS penetration, evidenced by a high brain-to-plasma ratio, positions HMPL-306 as a pioneering therapy for gliomas and CNS malignancies, overcoming the blood-brain barrier challenges that hinder current treatments. Beyond hematologic and CNS cancers, preclinical studies underscore its efficacy in mIDH-driven solid tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma and chondrosarcoma, highlighting broad therapeutic applicability. The agent’s favorable safety profile, marked by minimal off-target effects and reduced hematologic toxicity, further enhances its clinical utility. As combination therapies gain momentum, HMPL-306’s dual inhibition offers a synergistic backbone for integrating with chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents, or immunotherapy, potentially redefining treatment paradigms. This review synthesizes HMPL-306’s mechanistic innovation, clinical promise, and translational potential, advocating its role as a cornerstone in precision oncology for diverse mIDH-mutated cancers. Ongoing trials and biomarker-driven approaches may further unlock its capacity to improve outcomes in malignancies with historically limited options.

Extreme precipitation events increasingly threaten populations and food security across South Asia. While prior research has examined climate change impacts on rainfall patterns, the exposure of populations and cropland to these extremes remains understudied. This study assesses future exposure to extreme precipitation using CMIP6 projections under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5, for 2021–2060 and 2061–2100, relative to the 1975–2014 baseline. We analyze changes in four key precipitation indices: consecutive wet days (CWD), maximum five-day precipitation (Rx5day), days with precipitation ≥20 mm (R20mm), and total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT). Results indicate a significant increase in heavy rainfall and prolonged wet periods, particularly under SSP5-8.5. Compared to the baseline, R20mm is projected to increase by 59.25%, Rx5day by 44.06%, CWD by 9.15%, and PRCPTOT by 28.65%. Western India and Pakistan are expected to experience the most pronounced changes, while the Indo-Gangetic Plain—including Bangladesh and eastern India—faces the highest exposure due to dense populations and extensive croplands. Population exposure to R20mm is projected to rise by 91.7% under SSP5-8.5 and 103.60% under SSP1-2.6, while cropland exposure to Rx5day could increase by 44.44% and 7.12%, respectively. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies, including improved water management, flood protection, and climate-resilient agriculture, to mitigate the escalating risks of extreme precipitation in South Asia.

This study investigates the accuracy of long-term water demand projections and tracks the evolution of water conservation incentives across 61 California water suppliers from 2000 to 2020. Through a systematic analysis of Urban Water Management Plans, we find that water suppliers consistently overestimated future water demand by an average of 25% for 5-year projections and 74% for 20-year projections. This overestimation stems primarily from inaccurate assumptions about per capita water consumption rather than population growth estimates. While suppliers generally projected stable or increasing per capita demand, actual water demand per capita declined by 1.9% annually between 2000 and 2020, leading to a significant decoupling of water demand from population growth. Concurrently, we document a substantial increase in water conservation incentives, with mandates emerging as the dominant conservation approach by 2020, largely driven by state policies like the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance and California Green Building Standards. Conservation efforts have evolved from primarily indoor and educational initiatives toward outdoor-focused mandates and rebates. This shift in conservation strategy appears closely linked to the reduction in per capita demand that suppliers failed to fully capture in their water demand projections. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating dynamic conservation trends into demand projections and suggest that water suppliers should develop more sophisticated forecasting methods that account for the continuing evolution of water efficiency measures. This research provides valuable insights for water resource planners seeking to improve the accuracy of water demand projections in an era of increasing conservation and climate uncertainty.

A document by Jia-Mei Jing. Click on the document to view its contents.

The purpose of the current studies was to examine perceptions of sex crime severity, framing, and framing congruency on mock juror decision making. Study 1 (N = 230) was exploratory and investigated lay perceptions of legally equivalent sex crimes for both a typical victim and perpetrator. Participants were presented with six sex crimes and answered questions regarding expected nonconsensual behaviors, physical and psychological injuries, perceived severity, and injury likelihood associated with each sex crime. Rape, criminal sexual act, and gross sexual imposition were perceived as high, moderate, and low severity sex crimes, respectively. Informed by Study 1, Study 2 (N = 545) tested whether sex crime frame severity (i.e., high severity versus average or low) or framing congruency among the prosecution and defense would influence mock juror judgments in the context of a criminal trial. Mock jurors read a mock trial, responded to identical measures from Study 1, and additionally completed measures regarding their perceptions of the victim, defendant, and rendered a verdict. Framing influenced perceptions of the defendant rather than the victim or verdict. No significant results emerged regarding framing congruency. Taken together, results from both studies suggest that equivalent sex crimes are perceived differently based on frame alone.

The Janzen-Connell Hypothesis posits that plant species diversity is maintained by a reduction in seedling survival near living conspecific trees relative to heterospecifics –known as negative conspecific density dependence (CDD). CDD facilitates coexistence if stronger than heterospecific density dependence (HDD). However, whether and how long CDD persists after trees die is unknown. In a three-year study across three forests, we monitored seedling survival near living and dead trees, both conspecific and heterospecific, across a seven-year chrono-sequence since tree death. CDD persisted for at least five years after tree death (‘legacy CDD’), and most species showed increasingly stronger CDD relative to HDD through time. We used our empirical findings to parametrize a theoretical community dynamics model. Our model suggests that both stabilizing niche differences and fitness differences persist after tree death. While legacy CDD can facilitate coexistence, fitness differences often overwhelmed niche differences, making competitive exclusion the most likely outcome.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Cardiac Reconstruction, Facilitating Customized Closure Device of Gigantic Left Atrial Appendage: Case ReportAuthors : 1Mann Chandavimol MD,1Tawai Ngernsritrakul MD, 1Krissada Meemook MD, 2Kakanand Srungboonmee PhD,1Thinnakrit Sasiprapha MD,3Thanakhom Hoontrakul1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand2Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand3Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, ThailandCorresponding authors : 1Mann Chandavimol MD1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandEmail: MChandavimol@gmail.comKey Clinical Message :We present the first successful case of 3D printed cardiac reconstruction for custom LAAO device of gigantic LAA in Asia. We demonstrated custom LAAO device with 3D CT and 3D printed cardiac reconstruction is feasible and effective for anatomically complex LAA.Key words : Customized Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device, Three-Dimensional Printing, Cardiac Reconstruction Modelling, Case Report, Giant Left Atrial AppendageData availability statement: Data on any details of the case is available upon request and is subjected to the institution approval.Conflict of Interest : Mann Chandavimol, MD was a proctor for LAmbre™ device.Funding : NONEEthical Approval Statements: The Internal Review Board had approved this case report (COA. No. MURA2024/472). The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013).Patient consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the editorial office of this journal.Introduction :Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that often cause ischemic stroke (IS) from thrombo-embolism. Left atrial appendage (LAA) is a common source of the thrombus, and the standard treatment is oral anticoagulant (OAC) but it exposes patients to haemorrhage risk1. Both Watchman (Boston Scientific)2 and Amulet (Abbott) 3 trials showed that Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion (LAAO) is safe and effective in preventing IS in high bleeding risk population. Moreover, Osmancik et al found that LAAO is noninferior to OAC in preventing cardiovascular, neurologic, and bleeding events 4. Thus, in patient with absolute or relative contraindication for OAC, LAAO allows patients to benefit from stroke prevention as shown by Maarse et al5.A giant LAA with complex anatomy may impedes the implantation of a conventional LAAO device, resulting in leakage. Peridevice leakage has been associated with thromboembolic event, necessitating a complete closure 6. Consequently, routine incorporation of CT was associated with excellent outcomes for procedural safety and absence of major residual leak 7 and Hell et al demonstrated that CT-based 3D printing models may assist device selection and prediction of device compression 8. Besides, Inohara et al reported using custom-made LAAO device on gigantic LAA in Canada. We demonstrated the first successful transcatheter custom-made LAAO device with 3D printing cardiac reconstruction modelling in Asia.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nanotechnology integration is a potential way to increase the productivity of crops sustainably. The current research examines the combined influence of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and PGPB on the growth and physiological performance of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa). Selenium-resistant bacterial strains were obtained from soil of agricultural fields and evaluated for their plant growth-promoting properties, such as phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and production of phytohormones. Lettuce seeds were inoculated with suspensions of bacteria, and then biogenic SeNPs were applied on the leaves. Growth parameters like root length, leaf length, fresh weight, and photosynthetic pigment content were measured. Results indicated that bacterial inoculation greatly enhanced plant growth parameters, and the co-application of PGPB and SeNPs further enriched chlorophyll content, protein deposition, and peroxidase activity. Of particular interest was the fact that some of the bacterial strains (NB10 and NB11) had a greater impact on selenium bioavailability, indicating strain-specificity. In addition, SeNPs alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced stress tolerance as indicated by enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activity. Statistical comparison (ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test) validated significant treatment differences (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate the promise of PGPB-SeNP synergy as a bio-based approach to enhancing crop productivity and resilience while minimizing chemical fertilizer use. This research adds to the emerging nano-enabled agriculture discipline, providing scalable and eco-friendly solutions for sustainable crop cultivation.

Background: Significant distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) pathology can occur with few radiographic findings but can be accompanied by joint capsule enthesopathy on the middle phalanx. Objectives: To explore the associations and correlations between DIPJ capsule enthesopathy identified radiographically and DIPJ articular cartilage abnormalities and other concurrent soft tissue or osseous pathology within the foot found on MRI. Study Design: Retrospective and descriptive case series. Methods: Cases identified with DIPJ capsule enthesopathy were retrospectively reviewed. Abnormalities were graded using a 4-point scale. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlations were used to analyze the relationship between the presence and grade of DIPJ capsule enthesopathy, lameness, and DIPJ intra- and extra-articular abnormalities. Results: Twenty-one MRI scans and radiographs with DIPJ capsule enthesopathy were analyzed. DIPJ articular cartilage lesions were identified in 20/21 limbs (95%). There was no significant correlation between the degree of DIPJ capsule enthesopathy and severity of articular cartilage lesions. DIPJ proliferative synovitis and osteophytes were present in majority of limbs (91% and 95%), respectively. DIPJ collateral ligaments were abnormal in 52% of the limbs. DIPJ capsule enthesopathy grade was moderately positively correlated with DIPJ collateral ligaments’ findings severity (p=0.01). Main Limitations: Retrospective character, no histopathology, studied cases limited to one referral center. Conclusions: The presence of DIPJ capsule enthesopathy on radiographs is a reliable finding to rule in DIPJ damage and support further case management, particularly in cases where advanced imaging is unavailable or desired.

TitleAcute Abdomen Due to Small Bowel Obstruction by Ascaris Lumbricoides in an 18-Year-Old Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

This work develops the foundations of particle dynamics within an \emph{Expanded Theory of Relativity} that unifies special relativity with quantum wave dynamics. The framework rests on three postulates: the principle of relativity; a principle of maximal spatiotemporal symmetry; and a \emph{Regularity Postulate} requiring that the composition of two finite inertial motions yields a finite operational relative velocity. By promoting time to a three-dimensional vector subspace, the theory separates into two coupled projections: \emph{Pole dynamics}, which recovers the Lorentzian interval, and \emph{Flag dynamics}, which describes the evolution of the time vector's orientation via a unit-quaternion rotor field $\Psi$. Rather than assuming a Lorentzian signature axiomatically, we demonstrate that the temporal sign branch is fixed by enforcing the Regularity Postulate. Furthermore, since the six- and four-dimensional metrics are found to coincide along the physical worldline, the internal temporal frame must be transported without generating spurious kinetic energy. This geometric compatibility condition yields a universal covariant transport law $D_\tau \Psi = 0$. Without imposing quantization axioms, this law reproduces the Klein--Gordon, Dirac, and Proca equations depending on the chosen linear representation. In this context, $\hbar$ is identified as a geometric stiffness scale converting internal temporal rotation into external translation. The theory distinguishes itself by deriving these distinct dynamics from a single unified field equation, where particle spin arises from the algebraic carrier space rather than independent axioms.

The rapid growth of social networks has led to the generation of massive, dynamic, and interconnected datasets, necessitating efficient computational frameworks for real-time analysis. Parallel dynamic graph processing has emerged as a critical tool for addressing these challenges, enabling scalable and efficient analysis of evolving social networks. This paper explores the applications of parallel dynamic graph processing in social network analysis, focusing on its role in community detection, influence maximization, anomaly detection, and real-time recommendation systems. By leveraging parallel computing architectures, dynamic graph algorithms can process large-scale, continuously changing network data with reduced latency and improved accuracy. We discuss key techniques, such as incremental computation, load balancing, and distributed memory management, that enhance the performance of dynamic graph processing in social network contexts. Furthermore, we highlight case studies and emerging trends that demonstrate the transformative potential of parallel dynamic graph processing in extracting actionable insights from complex social network data. This work underscores the importance of advancing parallel dynamic graph processing techniques to meet the demands of modern social network analysis.

Wind potential estimation is a crucial aspect of wind energy applications, often relying on the two-parameter ( k ,  c ) of the Weibull distribution (WD). By comparing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), chi-squared (χ 2), correlation coefficient (R), and determination coefficient (R 2), we can identify the most reliable and efficient methods for estimating these parameters and understanding the Weibull probability distribution (WPD). In this study, we selected seven methods: the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), the Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM), the L-moment Estimation Method (L-MOM), the Empirical Justus (EMJ), the Method of Moment (MOM), the Mean-standard deviation Method (MSDM), and the Curve Fitting Method (CFM) to evaluate the two-parameter of the WD. These methods were applied to the unique wind conditions of Al-Mukha City, Yemen, using the 2013 daily wind speed measured at 10 meters. The results indicate that the L-MOM represents the highest accuracy for all heights, while the EPFM represents the lowest accuracy. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the two parameters increase with height.

CommentarySocial Determinants of Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia: A CommentaryAna Mariana1, Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz2, Akhmad Yogi Pramatirta2,Siti Nadya Khairunnisa Alamsyah2, Desy Linasari1, Iis Inayati1, Sylvia Mustikasari1,Achmad Kemal Harzif3, Nadeem Kasmani4, Byron Good4University of Jenderal Achmad Yani, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Padjajaran, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Indonesia, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine

Current efforts are focused on the search for biomarkers associated with long COVID. In this study, we evaluated the gene expression of 15 biomarkers and their relationship with the clinical aspects of the condition. c-DNA samples from 15 patients with long COVID, 15 recovered patients (RWS), and 15 patients with symptomatic acute COVID-19 were analyzed. The relative expression of genes was determined by the 2-ΔΔCT method from real-time PCR. Sociodemographic and clinical data of interest were extracted from medical records. Of the 15 biomarkers, only the expression of TREX1, FOXP3, MYD88 and FASL was not associated with long COVID. The genes IRF7, IRF3, and IFI16 performed best as biomarkers of long COVID (AUC≥0.90, p≤0.05). With the exception of MDA5 and RIG-1 genes, the expression of the other eight genes was associated with the presence of comorbidities, medication use, and complaints of fever, abdominal pain, eye pain, and headache (H>9.0; p≤0.05). IRF3 expression was specifically associated with long COVID when compared to acute COVID (med.: 41.2; IQR: 116.20; p: 0.0036). Our results suggest that classical immune response genes are upregulated in long COVID and that certain clinical aspects of the disease may influence the expression profile of the studied genes.

Background: Surgical resection is an important treatment for early rectal cancer; however, postoperative anastomotic stenosis remains a challenging issue for surgeons worldwide. The endoscopic approach is usually first-choice treatment for patients with rectal cancer. Balloon dilatation, stent implantation, and endoscopic radial incision are common surgical approaches, with most patients obtaining satisfactory treatment results. However, these methods are ineffective for some patients, resulting in the need for repeated endoscopic balloon dilatation, surgical resection of anastomotic stenosis, or even permanent enterostomy. At present, there are no effective and non-recurrent interventions for these patients. For the patient described in this report, we used the technique of endoscopic balloon dilatation followed by an injection of fluorouracil (5-Fu), which successfully improved the clinical symptoms in this patient. Case Summary: Herein, we report on a case of a 67-year-old man who underwent a laparoscopic radical resection for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, the patient began having recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and dyschezia at 1 year after the operation. His colonoscopy revealed a strictured rectal anastomosis. Endoscopic balloon dilatation was repeated more than 10 times, but anastomotic stenosis still worsened. Because the patient wanted to preserve the anus, a rectal anastomosis resection was not performed, and an endoscopic balloon dilatation combined with an injection of 5-Fu was performed instead. At day 1 after the surgery, the patient was able to defecate spontaneously, and rectal stricture was relieved. The patient was followed up for 21 months post-surgery. His symptoms of abdominal pain and distension did not recur, and there were no symptoms of defecation difficulty. Conclusion: Endoscopic balloon dilatation combined with an injection of 5-Fu is a satisfactory method for the treatment of anastomotic stenosis after rectal surgery.

Ectotherms’ ability to adapt to climate warming depends on the availability of genetic variation. This is particularly important for insect pests because adaptation to warming could lead to greater crop damage and food shortages. We quantified genetic variation in the thermal reaction norms of life history traits in the bean beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, a stored product pest with a cosmopolitan distribution. We used these data to measure genetic variation in fitness, as quantified by the temperature response of the intrinsic growth rate. We find that the maturation rate, a trait subject to strong biochemical control, exhibits the least amount of genetic variation, while the birth rate, subject to regulatory feedback processes, exhibits the greatest amount. As a result, genetic variation in fitness is constrained by genetic variability in the thermal reaction norm for maturation, suggesting that maturation may be the key limiting factor in ectotherms’ adaptation to climate warming.

Bacteria in the phyllosphere, the above ground parts of plants, have complex interactions with both insects and plants. Phyllosphere bacteria can change insect behavior; aphid nymphs can visually detect and avoid feeding on leaves with blue fluorescent emissions from Pseudomonas bacteria. Whether bacterial fluorescence alters alate aphid dispersal, or how Pseudomonas diversity influences aphid behavior, is unknown. We found that Pseudomonas from natural phyllosphere communities were genetically diverse and produced a wide range of fluorescent emissions spectra. Some Pseudomonas caused winged dispersing pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to avoid plants. Surprisingly, some isolates were attractive and caused 70% of aphids to select plants. Attractive isolates produced green fluorescence in culture, suggesting that attraction could be due to aphid sensory biases. Some isolates had high variability in responses across replicate experiments, suggesting that environmental conditions may influence outcomes. We find that common Pseudomonas on plants can have context-dependent impacts on aphid dispersal.

Background and objective: Eribulin, a halichondrin, inhibits microtubule dynamics non-taxanely, which showed neuropathy and maintained effectiveness that had developed resistance to paclitaxel. This study evaluates Eribulin-related adverse events (AEs) in real-world settings using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data mining. Methods: Retrospectively query FAERS for Eribulin reports from 2010 Q4 to 2024 Q3. Use odds ratio, Bayesian neural networks, and multi-item γ Poisson IC to quantify adverse event signals. To identify and evaluate potential AEs in patients undergoing Eribulin, we used reported odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reported ratio (PRR). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the effects of age, weight, and medication time on the occurrence of Eribulin-related AEs. Result: 3,684 Eribulin reports identified. AEs affected 26 organ systems and 100 significantly PTs identified by all four disproportionality methods. New AEs were Myelosuppression, Neutrophil Count Decreased, Interstitial Lung Disease, and Pulmonary Embolism. In females, we identified 37 drug related AEs and in males were total 128. We found there were 203 drug related AEs in the ≥ 65years old. The median time-to-onset was 13 days, and the Weibull distribution test revealed curve types were early failure. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed medication time has significant impact on the risk of Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders. Conclusion: Our study validates common AEs and potential safety concerns with Eribulin, enhancing awareness of its toxicities, onset times, outcomes, and clinical priority. Supporting evidence aids clinicians in managing Eribulin safety issues.

Fungi are playing an important role in forest ecosystem like decomposition of organic matter, cycling of nutrient and transport of minerals. About 1.5 million fungi as reported worldwide belong to different family among which Russulaceae is considered as one of greatest family. It has approximately 2000 species in entire world. Near about 180 species belong to the genus Russula and 92 species belong to the genus Lactarius under Russulaceae have been reported from India till now. This ectomycorrhiza group is playing a great role in biodiversity conservation. The recent study has been focused on characteristic analysis (morphology & anatomy) of Russula and its economical aspect. There were 6 species of Russula collected from Bishnupur forest. It was noticed that Russula are easily grown in the soil of Bishnupur forest than other adjacent areas especially Russula aciculocystis richness was very high around 57.1%. About 50% only edible, 33% inedible and 17% medicinal with edible nature of Russula have been reported currently. Monthly distribution in monsoon is also noticed where the population was 31% in July, 52% in August and 17% in September respectively in Bishnupur forest.