This article briefly introduces the current scientific information, proposed and discussed a new translational concept from published ideas (PI) to ideal products (IP), namely “PI2IP”. In fact, it covers fantastic innovations and precise translations of science and technology, and is helpful to promote scholars & researchers (S&R) to get more scientific achievements and develop valuable real products. Obviously, it needs a great policy support and a large number of research grants. Whenever and whatever, the novel concept of PI2IP is very beneficial to human high-quality and sustainable development due to in time and high effective translation for clinical application. In conclusions, PI2IP needs not only fantastic innovations but also precise translations, it’s helpful to promote the emergence of new productive forces and the high-quality developments of science and technology as well as economic and society, in particular the field of life science and medicine due to a series of discoveries.

While aging is known to influence perceptual sensitivity, how it affects interoception across the lifespan remains poorly understood. Prior research has focused narrowly on single dimensions (e.g., interoceptive accuracy) or isolated modalities (e.g., cardiac interoception), neglecting the complex, dynamic, and multidimensional nature of interoception. Moreover, most studies assess interoception at rest, limiting insight into how individuals track real-time changes in interoceptive state. In this study, we examined age-related differences in both interoceptive accuracy and sensibility across cardiac and respiratory modalities in healthy adults aged 18 to 79 years. Using non-invasive interoceptive perturbations—specifically breath-holding and inspiratory resistive loading—to elicit dynamic fluctuations in interoceptive signals. Our results revealed that older age was associated with reduced cardiac interoceptive sensitivity during perturbation, while respiratory sensitivity remained stable across age. Additionally, interoceptive sensibility increased with age, suggesting a divergence between subjective awareness and objective sensitivity with aging. These findings demonstrate that interoceptive awareness does not decline uniformly with age, but instead varies by modality and dimension. By identifying how aging differentially impacts interoceptive accuracy and sensibility across systems, this study opens new avenues for characterizing age-related changes in self-awareness and bodily regulation.

Habitat modification and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. Using 38 years of data (1985–2023), we examined their combined impact on a desert-dwelling cooperative breeder’s fitness and projected future fitness under two climate scenarios for the end of the century (2100). Rainfall increased reproductive success, while extreme temperatures reduced survival in natural habitats. Human-modified habitats buffered against climate extremes, resulting in higher fitness even in harsh years. Future projections indicate severe population declines in natural habitats, while modified habitats may offer climatic refugia. Larger social groups enhanced resilience, highlighting the importance of helpers in cooperatively breeding species. However, even large group size might not alleviate future extreme climate conditions. Our findings highlight the need to assess multiple anthropogenic stressors together to fully understand their impact on species’ fitness and the importance of long-term projects in addressing the complex relationship between them.

The Masonry structures, despite their extensive historical utilization, frequently exhibit inherent brittleness, rendering them susceptible to cracking and structural failure when subjected to diverse loading conditions. In an effort to enhance understanding of masonry performance and provide significant contributions to the design and retrofitting of these structures, this research investigates the structural response of masonry walls under cyclic, concentrated transverse point loading, and monotonic loading conditions Finite Element Analysis (FEA). To mitigate in-plane cracks, three strengthening techniques Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), and steel frames were implemented, and their effectiveness was compared. The results indicated that FRP sheets provided superior crack control compared to the other two methods. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted to evaluate different FRP sheet configurations under cyclic loading, assessing their impact on force-displacement behaviour, crack morphology, and peak load capacity. Among the tested configurations, the Case-1 (Diagonal configuration) FRP layout significantly enhanced seismic resistance by minimizing sliding failure and distributing stresses more efficiently, achieving an about 62% increase in peak force compared to the control model. The results also highlight that Case 1 possesses superior energy dissipation capacity, ductility, and stiffness retention and hence is the most effective strengthening technique for enhancing the seismic resilience of masonry walls. The findings of this study expected to play crucial role for optimizing masonry retrofitting strategies, contributing to the development of resilient and structurally efficient masonry walls for seismic-prone regions.

A cycle simulation program has been created for a mathematical model of a compression ignition engine. Models have been formulated and developed to predict the dynamic behavior of piston ring motion. Specifically, models for the dynamic forces acting on the first and second rings have been created, including the analysis of both axial and radial movement of the piston rings inside their grooves during engine operation. This study illustrates that the axial movement of the piston rings substantially affects the sealing of the combustion chamber. The study reveals a notable effect of dynamic behavior on gas leakage, which in turn leads to a decrease in engine power.

A document by Abdulhameed Alsarraf. Click on the document to view its contents.

Abstract The cell wall plays a key role in determining mesophyll conductance ( g m) and photosynthetic capacity. While the impact of wall thickness ( T cw) on g m is well understood, the influence of wall composition and structural interactions on T cw and g m remains unclear, and it is unknown whether these factors have been affected during crop domestication. In this study, we examined 25 wild and 13 domesticated Gossypium genotypes to investigate whether variations in T cw, composition and structure affected g m and photosynthesis. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze internal cell wall structure. Cotton domestication reduced T cw by modifying pectin-to-(cellulose+hemicellulose) ratio and increasing cellulose crystallinity. In contrast, this ratio only correlated with g m in wild genotypes, while in domesticated ones, 1/(pectin+cellulose+hemicellulose) ratio better explained g m variation, reflecting internal property differences of cell wall. Cell wall composition and structure regulate g m differently in wild and domesticated genotypes. In wild genotypes, pectin-to-(cellulose+hemicellulose) ratio influences CO 2 diffusion, while in domesticated ones, pectin may behave structurally, making 1/(pectin+cellulose+hemicellulose) a better predictor. We suggest that the exceptionally low T cw values reported in cotton domesticated genotypes indicate they have reached the lower limit, which may impose physical constraints on component proportions and conformation. Keywords: cell wall component, cell wall thickness, cellulose crystallinity, domestication, mesophyll conductance, pectin

During interferon (IFN) treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, HBsAg often declines to a plateau. This study aimed to investigate HBsAg loss rate in patients receiving extended IFN treatment after the plateau and in patients who suspended IFN treatment for 3-6 months and received IFN treatment again after the interval. In this retrospective study, 403 CHB patients with a plateau of HBsAg decline after 24 weeks pegylated IFN α (PEG-IFN α) treatment were collected. After the plateau, patients chose PEG-IFN continuous treatment or re-treatment after an interval. HBsAg loss rate in intermittent treatment group was significant higher than that in continuous treatment group ( p=0.001), which were 21.58% and 8.63% ( p=0.002) in 278 cases PSM matched population. Multivariate COX regression showed that intermittent therapy ( p=0.017) and the HBsAg level of second time point of plateau ( p<0.001) were independent factors for HBsAg loss. Multivariate COX regression of PSM matched population showed baseline HBsAg level ( p=0.043), HBsAg level at the second time point of plateau ( p=0.000), and intermittent therapy ( p=0.004) were independent factors for HBsAg loss. In CHB patients receiving PEG-IFN based treatment, compared to continuous treatment, intermittent treatment was more beneficial for achieving HBsAg loss once HBsAg decline reaches a plateau.

The 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) sparked global health concerns, as cases emerged increasingly outside traditionally endemic regions. This outbreak, spanning 2022-2023, was primarily driven by the clade IIb strain. Subsequently, a surge of MPXV cases caused by clades Ia and Ib in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other African countries has garnered heightened attention. Notably, clade Ib has recently been imported into China. In this study, we report the first identification and genetic characterization of a novel imported MPXV strain in China, from a patient returning from an endemic area. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed its close relationship to MPXV clade Ia, which has not been previously reported in China. The strain was successfully isolated using Vero-E6 cell inoculation. Compared with the reference MPXV clade I strain, the imported Ia strain exhibited substantial genomic divergence, with 67 mutations identified. Among them, 28 non-synonymous mutations were found in genes associated with host interaction and viral pathogenesis. This study highlights the critical role of genomic surveillance and rapid molecular diagnostics in monitoring MPXV transmission and evolution. The successful isolation of a clade Ia strain provides a valuable resource for future research on its pathogenicity and for the development of targeted therapeutics.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for genomic surveillance to monitor viral evolution and guide public health responses, especially in limited-resource settings. This study describes the establishment and implementation of a SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance system by Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City (PIHCM), covering 20 provinces in southern Vietnam from January 2020 to June 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs were systematically collected, screened by RT-PCR (Ct < 28), and sequenced using adaptable Next-Generation Sequencing technologies, including Illumina MiSeq and later Oxford Nanopore MinION, supported by international training and resources. Phylogenetic analyses tracked viral lineage dynamics across five pandemic phases. A total of 2207 genomes were sequenced, revealing temporal shifts in variant dominance, particularly Delta and Omicron variants and an average mutation count of 52.5 per sample. The data were instrumental in managing local outbreaks, informing national responses, and contributing to global databases like GISAID. This study demonstrates that adaptive genomic surveillance is both feasible and effective in resource-constrained settings. It underscores the critical role of real-time genomic data in pandemic response and advocates for sustained investment in capacity building, infrastructure and global collaboration, offering a scalable model for future preparedness in low - and middle - income countries.

This letter considers the sparse array configuration optimization problem for distributed inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of long-range targets, aiming to suppress the strong grating lobes caused by sparse sampling. Existing configuration optimization methods for a single array face two challenges: 1) The distributed ISAR model requires considering both the array configuration and ISAR temporal sampling, and typical models fail to apply; 2) Existing methods typically suppress grating lobes over the entire angular parameter space, which disperses the suppression capability too broadly and yields insufficient performance gains. To overcome these challenges, we propose a distributed ISAR configuration optimization method. Particularly, we construct an equivalent distributed array model based on phase equivalence, and incorporate target prior information to constrain the angular parameter space, thereby enhancing the grating lobe suppression capability within the region of interest. Comparative simulation experiments validate that the proposed method improves the peak grating lobe ratio (PGLR) by over 3 dB within the region of interest.

Fault injection attacks pose significant threats to cryptographic systems, including SM9, which is based on bilinear pairings. Despite the widespread use of SM9, research on its vulnerability to such attacks remains limited. This letter introduces an innovative fault injection strategy targeting the SM9 signature process. By introducing a single-bit fault into the X-coordinate of the private key and analyzing the resulting changes, we construct an attack model using differential analysis. Based on this model, we derive a quadratic equation and solve it in a finite field, successfully extracting the private key information. Experimental results validate the feasibility of this approach, revealing a critical vulnerability in SM9's design. Our findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the security of SM9 and provide a foundation for developing effective defense strategies.

Title: Comment on: Use of plerixafor for short-term management of leukopenia in a pediatric patient with WHIM syndromeAuthors : Julia T. Warren1,2 │Christophe Arbet-Engels3 │ Deborah J. Steiner3│ Teresa K. Tarrant4,5Affiliations :1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2Division of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 3X4 Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, MA, USA; 4Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 5Department of Veteran Affairs, Durham Medical Hospital, Durham, NC, USACorresponding author : Teresa K. TarrantAddress : DUMC 3874, 236 Sands Dr., Durham, NC 27710Phone : 919-684-4499Fax : 919-684-8358Email : teresa.tarrant@duke.eduWord count : 498/500Figures/Tables : 1 figureRunning Title (50 characters or less) : CXCR4 Antagonism to Treat Warts in WHIM SyndromeKeywords : WHIM syndrome, CXCR4 antagonist, mavorixafor, neutropenia, warts

It is well-established that changes in climatic conditions across Alpine environments have influenced tree-growth at altitudes close to the tree line. Less well-known is the impact that increasing proportions of glacial melt water, which may accompany increasing temperatures and otherwise drier conditions during warmer summers, have on the tree growths along the glacial outwash rivers within the basin. In Switzerland many of these glacial melt water fed basins are also used for hydropower generation, hence further influencing the drainage patterns within such basins. This study focuses on the Turtmann River Basin in south-west Switzerland where an upstream hydropower dam (2,200 m above mean sea level) extracts glacial melt waters, with the riverine flow below the dam becoming increasingly dominated by snow melt and/or rainfall from the unglaciated and unexploited catchment. The influence of a change in climate as well as the impacts of the added hydroelectric scheme on the regional hydrology in the Turtmann basin was assessed by examining the whole wood tree ring stable isotope compositions of Larix decidua located both proximal and distal to the river at selected sites within the Turtmann catchment. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) tree rings were examined for the past 75 years (1946-2020). The results show that both EW and LW tree ring growths are primarily limited by temperature at both an upstream (Site 1) and a downstream site (Site 2), but with a tendency for precipitation becoming a growth-limiting factor at the downstream Site 2 in recent decades. This signal is stronger for LW as EW is dominated by the early snow melt period, while the LW reflects increasingly dry summer conditions. Both the δ 18O and the δ 2H values of trees close to the river fed by glacial meltwater are lower compared to those of the trees distal to the river that are reflecting snowmelt and summer precipitation but are not influenced by the glacial meltwaters draining from the upper catchment and/or released by the dam. Overall, our study suggests that tree-ring stable isotopic compositions can be used to trace changes in Alpine hydrologic regimes related to climatic changes and/or the establishments of hydroelectric regimes.

Objective. Existential concerns, such as fears related to death, isolation, identity, and meaning, become particularly relevant in late life and can significantly affect mental health. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Existential Concerns Questionnaire (ECQ), a 22-item scale designed to assess existential distress, among older Spanish adults, focusing on its internal consistency, structural validity, and convergent validity. Methods. Participants were 315 older Spanish adults (134 men, 42.54%, and 181 women, 57.46%), aged between 65 and 93 years ( M = 70.53, SD = 4.61). The ECQ and Spanish versions of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire presence of meaning subscale (MLQ-P), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Scales of Psychological Well-Being stress subscale (SPWB-S), and Geriactic Depression Scale-15 Items (GDS-15) were used. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency of the ECQ, and correlationships between the ECQ, MLQ-P, SWLS, SPWB-S, and GDS-15 were performed. Results. The ECQ demonstrated good internal consistency and adequate structural validity, with strong fit indices supporting its model. Convergent validity was confirmed, as higher existential concerns were negatively correlated with life satisfaction and meaning, and positively correlated with stress and depression, suggesting that existential concerns play a critical role in the emotional well-being of older adults. Conclusion. The ECQ proves to be a reliable tool for assessing existential distress in this population and can inform interventions aimed at improving their quality of life.

1Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, 63100, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Email: mehwishsultana35@gmail.com; drshakeela@gscwu.edu.pk; ssaba5306@gmail.com 

A document by Mohammed Alkhanafsa. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Fatty liver disease, encompassing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), represents a significant global health burden with complex associations to various comorbidities. Objective: This study aims to characterize the clinical and comorbidity profile of patients with fatty liver disease compared to those without, with a focus on metabolic and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 850 patients (432 with fatty liver disease and 418 without) from a tertiary care center. Demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and comorbidities were compared between groups. Results: Patients with fatty liver disease demonstrated significantly higher BMI (29.71 ± 4.62 vs. 26.25 ± 3.90 kg/m 2, p<0.001) and liver enzymes compared to controls. Type 2 diabetes (49.3% vs. 35.9%, OR 1.74, p<0.001) and dyslipidemia (69.0% vs. 42.3%, OR 3.03, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in the fatty liver group, while hypertension, GERD, and pancreatitis showed no significant differences. The number of metabolic comorbidities increased with steatosis severity, and liver function tests demonstrated progressive deterioration with advancing steatosis grade. Conclusion: Fatty liver disease is strongly associated with metabolic comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. The severity of liver steatosis correlates with both the burden of metabolic comorbidities and the degree of liver dysfunction.

Background/Aims: This study aims to determine the current trends and barriers to the implantation of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with ST-segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) complicated by Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) at the regional tertiary centre of Townsville University Hospital (TUH) in North Queensland, Australia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients coded as having a STEMI complicated by new HFrEF, defined as left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less, treated at TUH from 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2023. The data points collected included demographics, atherosclerotic risk factors, laboratory results, echocardiographic and angiographic findings, Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT), ICD implantations and barriers to ICD implantation. Results: A total of 255 patients were included in the review; however, 64 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 191, 45 patients met an indication for ICD implantation according to current guidelines; although, only 15 patients underwent ICD implantation. The primary barriers to ICD implantation that were identified are as follows: lack of referral for ICD consideration (40%), poor prognosis/frailty (27%), patient refusal (20%), complete non-adherence to GDMT (10%), and death (3%). Conclusion: A low rate of ICD implantation was observed, with patient and non-patient related barriers identified as potentially actionable areas to improve ICD implantation rate. There was a high rate of patients being lost to follow-up, potentially leading to suboptimal patient outcomes. It is recommended that service improvement and redesign are implemented to ensure the population of North Queensland receives optimal cardiac care.

Isotopic labelling: a torch to explore the black box of CO2 reduction mechanism

The emergence of nonconventional luminescent materials (NLMs) has attracted significant attention due to their sustainable synthesis and tunable optical properties. Yet, establishing a clear structure-emission relationship remains a challenge. In this work, we report a previously unknown class of NLMs: cross-linked protein crystals that exhibit intense photoluminescence (PL) in the visible range (425–680 nm). We systematically investigated seven natural protein crystals (concanavalin, catalase, lysozyme, hemoglobin, α-chymotrypsin, pepsin, and β-lactoglobulin) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and demonstrated that cross-linking induces broadband emission that is absent in natural crystals. Focusing on polymorphic lysozyme crystals (tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic), we found excitation-dependent fluorescence with lifetimes in the nanosecond range and quantum yields up to 20% (in the monoclinic phase under 450 nm excitation). Single- and two-photon spectroscopy, as well as pressure- and solvent-modulated PL studies, confirm that the emission is due to intermolecular through-space interactions (TSI) within the crystal lattice. Compression enhances TSI and red-shifts the emission, whereas the solvent (DMSO) induced swelling reduces TSI and causes a blue shift, establishing a direct structure-emission correlation. This work establishes protein crystals as programmable NLMs with tunable emission and provides a mechanistic framework for the design of nonconventional luminogens through protein crystal engineering.

This short communication develops a variational formulation for modeling a silicon semiconductor design utilizing phosphorus atoms as a dopant substance. The results are based on standard tools of calculus of variations and optimization theory.

As digital communication continues to expand across critical infrastructures, ensuring data security has become more challenging in the face of advancing computational capabilities, especially with the anticipated rise of quantum computers. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) presents a revolutionary approach to secure communications by leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to enable the secure exchange of cryptographic keys. Unlike classical encryption methods that rely on computational complexity, QKD ensures unconditional security, as any attempt to intercept the key disturbs the quantum state, revealing the presence of eavesdroppers. This paper explores the current developments in QKD protocols, including BB84 and E91, as well as practical challenges in implementation, such as distance limitations and hardware requirements. Furthermore, it discusses recent advancements in satellite-based QKD, integrated photonics, and quantum networks, highlighting their potential to reshape the landscape of secure global communication. The integration of QKD into future communication infrastructure is positioned to be a cornerstone of post-quantum cryptography, making it a vital technology in the era of quantum computing.

The advent of quantum computing presents a paradigm shift in the field of cryptanalysis, challenging the security of classical encryption schemes that underpin modern digital communications. This study explores the capabilities of quantum algorithms, particularly Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm, in undermining widely used cryptographic systems. Shor's algorithm poses a direct threat to publickey cryptosystems such as RSA and ECC by enabling efficient integer factorization and discrete logarithm computation, which are computationally infeasible for classical computers. Meanwhile, Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup for bruteforce attacks on symmetric-key cryptosystems like AES, significantly reducing their effective security. Through theoretical analysis and simulation-based evaluation, this paper highlights the vulnerabilities of classical encryption in the face of quantum advances and underscores the urgent need for post-quantum cryptographic solutions. The findings emphasize the critical importance of transitioning to quantum-resistant algorithms to ensure long-term data confidentiality in a future dominated by quantum technologies.