Objective To examine the association of placental and fetal DNA copy number variants (CNVs) with fetal structural malformations (FSMs) in stillborn fetuses. Design A secondary analysis of stillbirth cases in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN) study. Setting Multicenter, 59 hospitals in 5 geographic regions in the USA. Population 384 stillbirth cases of the SCRN study (2006-2008). Methods FSMs were grouped by anatomic system and specific malformation type (e.g., central nervous system, thoracic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, skeletal, umbilical cord and craniofacial defects). Single-nucleotide polymorphism array detected CNVs of at least 500kb. CNVs were classified into two groups: normal, defined as no CNVs>500kb or benign CNVs, and abnormal, defined as pathogenic or variants of unknown clinical significance. Main outcome measures The proportions of abnormal CNVs and normal CNVs were compared between stillbirth cases with and without FSMs using the Wald Chi-squared test. Results The proportion of stillbirth cases with any FSMs was higher among those with abnormal CNVs compared with those with normal CNVs (46.7% vs. 19.6%; p-value<0.001). The most common organ system-specific FSMs associated with abnormal CNVs were cardiac defects, followed by craniofacial and skeletal defects. A pathogenic deletion of 1q21.1 involving 46 genes (e.g., CHD1L) and a duplication of 21q22.13 involving 4 genes (SIM2, CLDN14, CHAF1B, HLCS) were associated with a skeletal and cardiac defect, respectively. Conclusion Specific CNVs involving several genes were associated with FSMs in stillborn fetuses. The findings warrant further investigation and may inform counseling and care surrounding pregnancies affected by FSMs at risk for stillbirth.

A document by Nivedita Singh. Click on the document to view its contents.

Methods: Adults aged between 18- and 58-years-old completed an online survey reporting how they gathered the media information sources of COVID-19 vaccine any relation their risk perception, vaccine efficacy and preventive behaviors in COVID-19 pandemic. We finally got 995 valid questionnaires. Results: Results showed that traditional and social media Information sources is both significantly and positively influenced on people’s COVID-19 preventive behaviors, with a stronger effect from the former. COVID-19 contact risk perception and vaccine efficacy awareness of media audiences partly mediates their relationship. 92.6% of the audience pay more attention to COVID-19 vaccine-related information. People believe more in the news information of the mainstream media of COVID-19 pandemic. 67.2% of the audience were most frequently exposed to state-controlled news media, 63.6% of the audience were most frequently exposed to Weibo. Conclusions: Although developing an effective vaccine for human immunity has long been determined as the main defensive strategy against this global pandemic, but under the background of rapid COVID-19 virus mutation, people’s daily preventive behavior is more important. Media organizations should shoulder more social responsibilities, embed the health concept of COVID-19 vaccination into the values and cultural order of the whole society, find and shape the common meaning space, and make it produce internal coupling and value identification.

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of various genetic polymorphisms and clinical factors on TAC concentration in convalescence period (CP) and stabilization period (SP) post liver transplantation. Patients and Methods: A total 13 SNPs of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, SLCO1B1, POR, ABCB1, C5 and C6 were genotyped in 97 Chinese liver transplant recipients. Associations between SNPs and TAC concentration/dose ratio (C0/D) were analyzed using different genetic models in both CP and SP. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze associations between TAC log (C0/D) and clinical factors. Results: We discovered that the effects of genetic variants and clinical factors differed between the two periods as liver function gradually recovered. We identified CYP3A5 (rs15524), C6 (rs9200) along with ALB and Cr as independent predictors of TAC C0/D. In addition our final model inclusive of ALB, Cr, rs15524 and rs9200 explained a total of 30.5% variance in TAC log (C0/D). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that in the early stages post transplantation surgery recipient genetic and clinical factors exert a short term impact on TAC metabolism which gradually decreases with time.

In the agricultural industry, an evolutionary effort has been made over the last two decades to achieve precise autonomous systems to perform typical in-field tasks including harvesting, mowing, and spraying. One of the main objectives of an autonomous system in agriculture is to improve the efficiency while reducing the environmental impact and cost. Due to the nature of these operations, complete coverage path planning approaches play an essential role to find an optimal path which covers the entire field while taking into account land topography, operation requirements and robot characteristics. The aim of this paper is to propose a complete coverage path planning approach defining the optimal movements of mobile robots over an agricultural field. First, a method based on tree exploration is proposed to find all potential solutions satisfying some predefined constraints. Second, a Similarity check and selection of optimal solutions method is proposed to eliminate similar solutions and find the best solutions. The optimization goals are to maximize the coverage area and to minimize overlaps, non-working path length and overall travel time. In order to explore a wide range of possible solutions, our approach is able to consider multiple entrances for the robot. For fields with a complex shape, different dividing lines to split it into simple polygons are also considered. Our approach also computes the headland zones and covers them automatically which leads to a high coverage rate of the field.

In the present study, zinc nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus. The chemical characterization of was studied different techniques. The anti-human breast cancer activity of ZnNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus was evaluated using MTT assay. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape with a size less than 75 nm for the particle size. The treated cells with ZnNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human breast cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and breast cancer cell lines i.e. AU-565, DU4475, and MDA-MB-157. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of ZnNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 269 and 174 µg/mL, respectively. The viability of malignant breast cell lines reduced dose-dependently in the presence of ZnNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus. The IC50 of ZnNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus were 167, 172, and 307 µg/mL against AU-565, DU4475, and MDA-MB-157 cell lines, respectively.

This paper investigates the performance of different ITU models in predicting Malaysia ′s tropical rainfall rates and rain attenuation. This investigation is considered at 26GHz mm-wave frequency, and three datasets collected at different regions in Malaysia with emphasize on the latest dataset in Skudai in 2012. The data collected has rainfall rate and rain attenuation measurements for a continuous year at 1 spm sampling rate. Nonlinear regression is used to estimate best fit parameters for comparison with ITU-R p.837-1 with rain zone data, ITU-R p.837-6 as method 1 and ITU-R p.837-7 as method 2. Results show that ITU method 2 outperforms all the models with RMSE in the range of 12.72 mm/hr and 3.51 dB/km for rainfall rate and rain attenuation respectively. Conversely, absolute error at 0.01% of time showed superiority of ITU-R p.837-1 tropical recommendation with absolute error in the range of 0.39 mm/hr and 4.16 dB/km for rainfall rate and rain attenuation respectively. All models showed significant deviation from the measurements and the best fit at lower than 0.01% of time, with minimum deviation observed for of ITU method 2 in that range. Worst month parameters estimation using ITU method2 is in good match to the best fit estimation.

This case report presents the diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapy of a two-rooted maxillary central incisor. A 21-year-old female was referred for treatment of a severely compromised tooth #21. Clinical and radiographic evaluation with periapical radiographs and CBCT revealed the presence of a two-rooted central incisor with significant

Prognosis of infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome to wheat: A case series Makoto Nishino1,2 | Noriyuki Yanagida1,3,* | Sakura Sato1 | Ken-ichi Nagakura3,4 | Kyohei Takahashi3 |Kiyotake Ogura3| Motohiro Ebisawa11 Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan2 Department of Pediatrics, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan3 Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan4 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding author: Noriyuki YanagidaDepartment of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital,18-1, Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392, JapanE-mail:sagami@foodallergy.jpWord count: 1,191Number of figures: 2 Number of tables: 1

Dew is closely related to the micro-use of water and to large-scale hydrological processes. Dew formation on grasslands plays a particularly vital role in maintaining the ecohydrological cycle, however, its characteristics and sources were rarely reported. Here, stable isotope for dew, ambient water vapor, soil water, plant water, creek water, and precipitation were tracked to determine the characteristics of dew from ecohydrological processes in the meadow. The structural equation model was used to investigate how environmental factors affect dew formation. The Mix SIAR model in R was used to determine the sources of dew, and explore the dew transport route of six species of the graminoid-Kobresia meadow in an alpine graminoid-Kobresia meadow in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results showed that the annual amount was about 37.92 ± 1.03 mm, acounting for 7.13% of precipitation. Both atmospheric pressure and temperature showed significant positive effects on dew formation, while wind speed had a negative effect. Evapotranspiration indirectly affected dew formation. The contribution rates of soil water, plant water, and ambient water vapor to dew formation were 48.20±5.46%, 38.30±5.07%, and 13.50±1.82%, respectively. The proportion of dew utilization by graminoid and Kobresia species showed no significant species differences, the mean value was 10.5±3.8%. Our statistical analysis determines the role of dew in an alpine graminoid-Kobresia meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which provides an improved understanding of dew formation based on a stable isotope technology.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) and may accelerate its development. Keratinocyte dysfunction has been observed in obesity-related skin diseases, including psoriasis and acanthosis nigricans, but is not fully understood in AD. Here, we aim to emphasize the important role of keratinocytes in obesity-aggravated AD. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks before calcipotriol (MC903) administration to induce AD-like dermatitis. Fatty acid intake was quantified using BODIPY 500/510 staining. Palmitic acid (PA) treatment of keratinocytes mimicked the obese state at the cellular level. CD36 or sterol-regulatory element binding protein1 (SREBP1) inhibitors were topically applied to mouse ears to explore the roles of CD36 or SREBP1 in obesity-aggravated AD. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) was conducted to assess the transcriptional control of SREBP1 on thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( TSLP) expression. Results: HFD-induced obesity exacerbated AD-like dermatitis in mice, with elevated inflammatory molecules and fatty acid accumulation in the lesional skin. Blocking CD36, a fatty acid transporter, with a chemical antagonist effectively alleviated AD-like inflammation and decreased TSLP levels in obese MC903-treated mice. Moreover, PA treatment induced TSLP overexpression via CD36 and activated the downstream SREBP1 signaling pathway in keratinocytes. The ChIP assay further revealed increased binding of SREBP1 to the TSLP promoter region. Conclusion: Obesity activates the CD36-SREBP1-TSLP axis in keratinocytes, inducing epidermal lipid disorders and aggravating AD-like inflammation. Targeting CD36 or SREBP1 will facilitate the development of future combination therapies or modified therapies for treating patients with obesity and AD.

Introduction: Patients with Inherited arrhythmia syndromes (IAS) are at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias that may present as a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or a cardiac syncope. The benefit of Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in patients with IAS should be weighted against the risk for adverse events. This case-series describes patients diagnosed with an IAS, who were eventually reclassified in a low risk category and subsequently got their ICD explanted.   Methods: We selected patients who, 1) were diagnosed with an IAS, 2) presented with either a documented arrhythmic event or syncope presumed to be arrhythmic syncope, 3) followed by an ICD implant, and 4) in whom we decided to explant the pulse generator.   Results: Overall, eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age at ICD implantation was 35±11.6 years. Mean length of ICD in situ was 4.9±3.6 years. None of the patients experienced a cardiac event. 2 patients presented with a presumed cardiac syncope, this diagnosis was rejected after guideline guided syncope evaluation including Tilt table testing. Alternative (pharmacological) therapy was started in six patients.   Conclusion: These cases illustrate the importance of re-evaluating ICD therapy in patients with IAS. This should be integrated in standard clinical care, even in patients with IAS who survived a SCA and long term critical follow up is available. In patients with IAS presenting with an presumed cardiac syncope, extensive guideline guided syncope evaluation, can be of additional value when syncope event remains unknown

Background: The demographical, clinico-radiological, and histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma are varied with environmental areas, race, and sex. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of bronchial carcinoma has been raised by nearly 200 percent in just three years. Aims: To explore socio-demographical, clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of bronchial carcinoma in Bangladesh. Methods and results: A total of 100 histopathologically diagnosed cases of bronchial carcinoma were enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study from 1/1/2021 to 31/12/2021. Socio-demographic patterns, smoking habits, history of COPD, clinical features, radiological findings, histopathological patterns of the tumor, and the performance status of participants were documented in our study. Most of the patients were in the fifth and sixth decade, 35% and 34% respectively. 80% of the patients were a smoker. Cough (87%), shortness of breath (61%), and chest pain (58%) were the presenting complaints. Mass lesions (83%) and collapse (8%) were the most common imaging findings. Adenocarcinoma (48%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (35%) were the common histological types. Logistic regression findings showed that males with COPD had a 1.681 times risk for the development of bronchial carcinoma. Conclusion: The clinico-histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma have been shifting, and adenocarcinoma becoming the predominant type in Bangladesh.

IntroductionCaptive animal phenotypes can diverge from the ideal ‘wild type’, and these changes can affect behavior, morphology and physiology (Crates et al. 2022). However, the specific nature and combination of ‘captive phenotypes’ can vary widely between species (Crates et al. 2022). Whether changes are important depends on the intended use of captive-bred animals. For display animals, phenotypic changes may be inconsequential. Conversely, conservation breeding programs – a globally popular tool to combat species extinctions (Conde et al.2011) – should ideally produce animals optimized for life in the wild after release, but this more easily said than done (Taylor et al.2017). If altered captive phenotypes incur a fitness cost in the wild, conservation breeding may be less effective than hoped (Crates et al. 2022). Thus, it is important that conservation breeding programs quantify optimal wild phenotypes, and be vigilant of changes arising from life in captivity that might jeopardize survival after release (Shier 2016; Berger-Tal et al. 2020).Phenotypic changes to traits involved in strenuous or high-risk phases of life history may be disproportionately important for fitness post release from captivity. For example, migration is a high-risk behavior that strongly selects for the most capable individuals (Dingle 2014; Rotics et al. 2016). Captive-born animals are often less successful migrants than wild-born conspecifics (Crates et al.2022). This is sometimes attributable to behavioral differences. For example, some captive-born birds depart later and travel shorter distances than wild conspecifics (Burnside et al. 2017), and captive-bred butterflies fail to orient themselves or even attempt migration (Tenger-Trolander et al. 2019). Morphological changes also likely contribute to poor migration outcomes post release, but evidence for their effects on fitness is surprisingly limited. Davis et al. (2020) recently showed that captive-bred monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus have differently shaped wings and lower migration success than wild conspecifics. Wing shape strongly predicts flight efficiency (Lockwood et al. 1998; Sheard et al.2020). Given that migratory birds are commonly bred in captivity for reintroduction (Davis 2010; Burnside et al. 2017; Hutchins et al. 2018; Stojanovic et al. 2020b; Tripovich et al. 2021), quantifying the ubiquity of deleterious captive wing shape phenotypes and their post-release fitness consequences is critical information.I aimed first to compare captive/wild wings of 16 species representing three commonly captive-bred bird families (Phasianidae, Psittacidae, Estrildidae) to evaluate the ubiquity of captive wing shape phenotypes. Then, using a critically endangered migratory bird as a model, I aimed to demonstrate that a captive wing shape phenotype incurs a fitness cost post release.

Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) will affect the normal and stable working state of the secondary equipment of the power system by cable transmission and space radiation. In order to evaluate the electromagnetic immunity and enhance the reliability of the secondary equipment of the power system, there is no doubt that it is important for us to accurately model the voltage waveform of the secondary side interference. In this paper, the electromagnetic interference voltage of potential transformer (PT) secondary side in common mode in 1000 kV GIS Substation is measured. Secondly, the time-frequency characteristics of the voltage waveform of the secondary side electromagnetic radiation interference were analyzed by the synchronous compression wavelet transform (SWT) method. On this basis, the secondary side interference model is proposed and the parameters of the model are extracted by employing the differential evolution algorithm (DE). It can support and improve the EMI filters design and the immunity generator design of secondary equipment under VFTO excitation, which can also promote the immunity standards setting and revising of secondary equipment in the future.

Recently, power interruptions with high impact effects are increased by occurring natural disasters. Furthermore, the uncertain nature of data creates the considerable challenges for enhancing the resiliency of power distribution systems after occurring events. Regarding this, this paper presents a robust optimization approach for resiliency improvement in power distribution system. The robust approach uses the crew teams for switching action as restoration process, demand response programs and Mobile Generators (MGs) simultaneously for improving the resiliency with considering the uncertainty of electrical load and electrical price. The objective function is tri-level consists of minimum, maximum and minimum function. The first level is minimum function that is for minimizing cost of commitment of CHPs with considering location of MGs and reconfiguration structure in power distribution systems. The second level is maximum function that is for finding the worst-case scenario of the uncertainty variables. The third level is minimizing total operation cost in the condition with worst scenario of stochastic data by using demand response programs. The aforementioned algorithm is implemented on an IEEE 33-bus test distribution system with four different cases. Furthermore, several cases and sensitivity analysis are accomplished in order to show the efficiency of the proposed model.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prions use common pathogenic pathways to induce toxicity in neurons. Infectious prions activate the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins induce the p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways through toll-like receptor signaling, indicating the potential for similar neurotoxicity, causing prion and prion-like disease. In this review we analyze the roles of autophagy inhibition, elevated intracellular p53 levels and reduced Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) and dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) expression in neurons. The pathways induced by the spike protein via toll like receptor activation induce both PrPC upregulation and β amyloid expression. Through the spike-protein-dependent elevation of p53 levels via β amyloid metabolism, increased PrPC expression can lead to PrP misfolding and impaired autophagy, generating prion disease. We conclude that, according to the age of the spike protein-exposed patient and the state of their cellular autophagy activity, excess sustained activity of p53 in neurons may be a catalytic factor in neurodegeneration. We conclude that neurodegeneration is in part due to intensity and duration of spike protein exposure, patient age, cellular autophagy activity, and activation, function and regulation of p53. Finally, the neurologically damaging effects can be cumulatively spike-protein dependent, whether exposure is by natural infection or, more substantially, by repeated mRNA vaccination.

Many control methods target agricultural pests’ reproductive traits and so, knowledge of these traits is crucial. The seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is reported as a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest species which can be found in high numbers in numerous crops. Two morphologically identical genetic lines of D. platura (H- and N- lines) with distinct distribution ranges were recently discovered. While many biological traits have been described for D. platura, no study to date has been conducted on the life history strategies and reproductive behaviors of its two lines. Using laboratory-reared colonies originating from the Montérégie region in Québec, this project investigates the effect of group composition (sex-ratio and density) on the mating success and pre-oviposition period of the two D. platura lines. We found a substantial increase in mating success with increasing proportion of males within mating groups for both lines while group density had negligeable effects. These results corroborate reports of D. platura high-density swarms in which sex ratios are usually male-biased. The pre-oviposition period decreased as the ratio of males to female increased at low density only for the N-line while the opposite trend was observed at high density for both lines. These results suggest differences between the mating systems of these two lines, with the H-line females being choosier towards potential mates than those of the N-line. We also describe reproductive traits of both lines along with their implications for integrated pest management strategies such as the sterile insect technique or the release of individuals carrying pathogens, both of which must take into account the high degree of sexual selection present in such group contexts. Keywords: reproductive biology, mating dynamics, seedcorn maggot, swarms

Altruism is common in eusocial insects. Here, we report on a yet unexplored altruistic extra-corporeal detoxification of insecticides in the non-eusocial Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type flies incubated with DDT, a contact insecticide, in a closed environment die as expected. However, incubation of a second cohort in the same environment after removal of the dead flies was not lethal. Consistent to the kin selection theory, the effect is significantly lower if un-related wild-type flies are used in the assay. This indicates kin selection. Incubation assays with Chlorpyrifos, another contact insecticide, yielded identical results, while incubation assays with Chlorantraniliprole, again a contact insecticide, was toxic for the second cohort of flies. Consequently, following individuals might be saved from intoxication and therefore, this phenomenon may serve as an example of non-eusocial insect altruism. This novel program is, however, not omnipotent as it targets certain xenobiotics while others remain active. The molecular and genetic mechanisms await identification and characterization.

Bone age assessment (BAA) has been widely used in clinical area from pediatric endocrine diagnosis to estimating height of children for adulthood. Advancements in technology has accelerated the evolution of BAA methodologies, one of which is deep learning algorithms, which overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches. In spite of excellent effectiveness of deep neural networks in detection of the correct class for bone age, they have a significant degree of complexity due to the numerous parameters they employ for each ROI. Therefore, they are not suitable for implementation in edge devices with limited resources. In this paper, we propose a BAA method using a hybrid knowledge distillation (KD) paradigm in order to conquer this difficulty by mapping different ROIs into a single ROI. In this regard, the student receives knowledge from a teacher network that has been pre-trained on six ROIs including bones of five fingers and the wrist, transfers the knowledge of its final response layer and internal layers to the student. Then, six student models each of which is constructed based on just one of these ROIs, while receiving the information of the teacher model by matching the feature maps of intermediate layers and last output of teacher with those of student in distillation modules. Empirical results on Digital Hand Atlas (DHA) report that our student model trained on one ROI obtains 95% accuracy on 19 classes of bone age makes it appropriate for medical IoT deployment. Also, it has competitive performance compared to the other state-of-the-art BAA studies, and performance analysis of our KD with three base KD models indicates superiority of our introduced method.

The combined study of C and O isotopes in plant organic matter has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding plant functional responses to environmental change. The approach relies on established relationships between leaf gas exchange and isotopic fractionation to derive a series of model scenarios that can be used to infer changes in photosynthetic assimilation and stomatal conductance driven by changes in environmental parameters (CO2, water availability, air humid-ity, temperature, nutrients). We review the mechanistic basis for a conceptual model, in light of recently published research, and discuss where isotopic observations don’t match our current understanding of plant physiological response to environment. We demonstrate that 1) the mod-el was applied successfully in many, but not all studies, 2), while originally conceived for leaf isotopes, the model has been applied extensively to tree ring isotopes in the context of tree physiology and dendrochronology. Where isotopic observations deviate from physiologically plau-sible conclusions, this mismatch between gas-exchange and isotope response provides valuable insights on underlying physiological processes. Overall, we found that isotope responses can be grouped into situations of increasing resource limitation versus higher resource availability. The dual isotope model helps to interpret plant responses to a multitude of environmental factors.

A major challenge in neuroscience is to pinpoint neurobiological correlates of specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric traits. At the mesoscopic level, promising candidates for establishing such connections are brain oscillations that can be robustly recorded as local field potentials with varying frequencies in the hippocampus in vivo and in vitro. Inbred mouse strains show natural variation in hippocampal synaptic plasticity (e.g., long-term potentiation), a cellular correlate of learning and memory. However, their diversity in expression of different types of hippocampal network oscillations has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated hippocampal network oscillations in three widely used inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J (B6J), C57BL/6NCrl (B6N) and 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) with the particular aim to identify common oscillatory characteristics in inbred mouse strains that show aberrant emotional/cognitive behaviour (B6N and 129) and compare them to “control” B6J strain. First, we detected higher gamma oscillation power in the hippocampal CA3 of both B6N and 129 strains. Second, an increased incidence of hippocampal sharp wave-ripple (SW-R) transients was evident in these strains. Third, we observed prominent differences in the densities of distinct interneuron types and CA3 associative network activity which are indispensable for sustainment of mesoscopic network oscillations. Together, these results supports the notion that in vitro hippocampal network oscillations, similar to classical plasticity read-outs measured in hippocampal slices, can be used as robust reductionist models to study electrophysiological correlates of emotional and cognitive phenotypes. Importantly, we add further evidence to profound physiological differences among inbred mouse strains commonly used in neuroscience research.

A 69 years old Chinese female patient presented with independent HPV serous carcinoma uterine cervix. The genetic testing identified gene variants of PAX8 and TP53, microsatellite instability stable, TMB 7.33Muts/Mb. The patient had a good response to Docetaxel, carboplatin, and radiation with 18 months of free disease survival.

Objective: Chloral Hydrate is the most commonly used sedative for Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) test. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the safety and effectiveness of Chloral Hydrate in patients undergoing ABR tests through a single-center and large sample size cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2022, which included 7,176 ABR tests (6,106 patients). Basic information was collected, then telephone follow-up was conducted for patients with two or more consecutive tests less than 60 days, and administration method, failure performance, and adverse events were collected. Total sedation failure rate, sedation failure rates in different age groups (≤0.5 years, 0.5-3 years, 3-12 years, ≥12 years) and incidence of adverse events were calculated. Results: A total of 4,967(69.21%) ABR tests were younger than 3 years of age. The sedation failure rate was 3.11% with a Chloral Hydrate dose of 30 mg/kg of weight, which ranged from 1.44% to 4.31% in different age groups. In the sedation failure tests, insufficient sedation was found in 74.44% of the tests. The incidence of adverse events was 0.35%, with most commonly vomiting. Conclusion: The sedation failure rate and the incidence of adverse events in this study are relatively low compared with other previous studies, and Chloral Hydrate can be considered a safe and effective sedative with the permissible dose. However, there were still many patients who failed to complete the test due to insufficient sedation (mostly infants and children), which imply that alternative sedatives with easier preparation process are needed.