Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a familial or sporadic severe neurodegenerative disorder that leads to short-term memory impairment followed by progressive cognitive deterioration of executive functions. AD frequency is increasing with a consequent socio-economic burden and there is an urgent need to understand its aetiological complexity, find reliable animal models and identify effective therapeutic treatments. AD diagnosis relies on a series of neuropsychiatric criteria and the detection of two pathognomonic protein aggregates in the brain parenchyma: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The concurrence of these aggregates seems to be mostly present in humans. In this issue, Vacher and colleagues demonstrate the notable coexistence of AP deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brains of dolphins. Here we discuss the relevance of this finding and how they could help understanding AD

Differentiating autoimmune hepatitis from liver dysfunction due to adult-onset Still's disease is important in deciding whether to terminate or continue corticosteroid therapy, and also in terms of management of cirrhosis and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy is thought to be the most important determinant for differential diagnosis.

Azvudine was included into the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (version ninth) issued by the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine announced on August 9, 2022. Numerous domestic public hospitals introduced Azvudine to copy with the current omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by the end of 2022. In the study, we comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety of Azvudine using the clinical data from four phase Ⅲ clinical trials.

Objectives: Primary objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in predicting the need for surfactant therapy in preterm neonates (< 34 weeks) with respiratory distress. Secondary objectives were to correlate LUS with corresponding oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SpO2/FiO2), arterial/Alveolar oxygen pressure ratio (a/A]and chest x-ray (CXR) findings. Working hypothesis: LUS reflects lung aeration and will correlate with requirement of surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress. It can be an accurate and timely predictor for surfactant therapy. Study design: Prospective observational study carried out at a tertiary level NICU in Western India in 2022 enrolling 100 neonates <34 weeks gestation with respiratory distress. Methodology: After initial stabilization of the neonate, LUS was performed and baseline parameters noted. Surfactant was administered as per 2019 European guidelines and LUS was repeated after 6 hours. Results: The mean gestation of enrolled neonates was 31.06 +/- 2.12 weeks and the mean birthweight was 1412 +/- 391 g. Out of 100 neonates, 40 required surfactant therapy. The cutoff LUS for surfactant therapy was 7 (area under curve [AUC] 0.977; 95% CI, 0.947-1; P < 0.001; with sensitivity 93.33%, specificity 92.5%, PPV 94.92%, NPV 90.24%) and the cutoff LUS for second dose of surfactant was 10 (AUC 0.964; 95% CI, 0.913-1; P < 0.001. The score decreased by an average 3.24 (2.44 - 4.05) after 6 hours of first dose and correlated significantly with SpO2/FiO2 ratio (-0.750), a/A ratio (-0.650) and CXR findings (0.801). Conclusion: LUS ≥ 7 can be considered an accurate marker for surfactant replacement therapy.

This paper presents a Youla-Kucera based interpolation between a set of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) controllers, each one being a gain-scheduled of Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) controllers designed separately for different operating points. The gain-scheduling is achieved based on Youla-Kucera (YK) parameterization. A generalized LPV-YK control structure is designed to interpolate between various LPV controllers. The closed-loop system is proved to guarantee the quadratic stability for any continuous/discontinuous interpolating signals in terms of a set of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The proposed method can help multi-variable and multi-objective systems to achieve high performances at different operating conditions and different critical situations regardless of the interpolation rate. A numerical example is simulated to show the importance of the proposed method to achieve different objectives for lateral control of autonomous vehicles. In addition, the approach has been tested on a real Renault ZOE vehicle to validate its real performance, and compare it with a standard polytopic LPV controller.

Anode-free Li-metal batteries (AFLBs) are of significant interest to energy storage industries due to their intrinsically high energy. However, the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li continuously consume active Li during cycling. That results in a short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) of AFLBs. Introducing effective electrolyte additives can improve the Li deposition homogeneity and solid-state interphase (SEI) stability for AFLBs. Herein, we reveal that introducing dual additives, composed of LiAsF6 and FEC, into a commercial carbonate electrolyte will boost the cycle life and average CE of NCM||Cu AFLBs. The NCM||Cu AFLBs with the dual additives exhibit a capacity retention of about 75% after 50 cycles, much higher than those with bare electrolytes (35%). The average CE of the NCM||Cu AFLBs with additives can maintain 98.3% over 100 cycles. In contrast, the average CE without additives rapidly decline to 97% after only 50 cycles. In situ Raman measurements reveal that the prepared dual additives facilitate denser and smoother Li morphology during Li deposition. The dual additives significantly suppress the Li dendrite growth, enabling stable SEI formation on anode and cathode surfaces. Our results provide a broad view of developing low-cost and high-effective functional electrolytes for high-energy and long-life AFLBs.

The aim of this study was to use micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the XP-endo finisher (XPF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), alone or in combination, in reducing accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) in the mesial canals of mandibular molars. The teeth were micro-CT scanned preoperatively (S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation (S3), and after a supplementary activation (S4). The mesial roots were prepared with BT Race sequence to apical size 35/.04 and divided in two groups according to the final irrigation method and the sequential supplementary activation (PUI + XPF group, n = 12; XPF + PUI group, n = 12). The data of percentages of reduction of AHDT after the first irrigation and supplementary activation were statistically analyzed (RM ANOVA). In the apical third, XPF reduced the percentage of remaining AHTD (66.49%) more significantly than the PUI (35.27%) (P < 0.05). The supplementary activation promoted a statistically significant reduction of AHTD in the apical-thirds of both groups (P < 0.05). In the XPF group the middle (90.85%) and apical (80.02%) thirds were affected by the supplementary activation with ultrasonic irrigation (P < 0.05). Both PUI and XPF were efficient in the reduction of AHTD, but in the apical third XPF was more effective. The supplementary activation with both systems reduced the AHTD significantly. The order of application of irrigation systems influences the reduction of accumulated AHTD and the use of XPF followed by PUI proved to be more efficient.

SnTe has received considerable attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to the representative thermoelectric material of PbTe. However, excessive hole carrier concentration in SnTe results in an extremely low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity, which makes it exhibit relatively inferior thermoelectric properties. In this work, the thermoelectric performance of p-type SnTe is enhanced through regulating its energy band structures and reducing its electronic thermal conductivity by combining Bi doping with CdSe alloying. First, the carrier concentration of SnTe is successfully suppressed via Bi doping, which significantly decreases the electronic thermal conductivity. Then, the convergence and flattening of the valence band by alloying CdSe effectively improves the effective mass of SnTe while restraining its carrier mobility. Consequently, the electronic thermal conductivity is markedly reduced. Finally, a maximum ZT of ~ 0.87 at 823 K and an average ZT of ~ 0.51 at 300-823 K have been achieved in Sn0.96Bi0.04Te-5%CdSe. Our results indicate that decreasing the electronic thermal conductivity is an effective means of improving the performance of thermoelectric materials with a high carrier concentration.

Solar evaporation has attracted great attention regarding renewable energy capture and freshwater production. However, the clean water production is still limited by the heat loss and low evaporation rate of water. Herein, a 2D meshy MoS2/Ti membrane-based evaporator (MTiE) is designed to optimize the vapor diffusion process and realizes almost zero heat loss from evaporator to environment. The 2D meshy-metal structure dramatically reduces vapor-diffusion resistance and improves the effective evaporation area, resulting in lager vapor-concentration gradients and faster water collection rates. MTiE exhibits a high evaporation rate of 6.4 kg m-2 h-1 and a high-yield water rate up to 2.7 kg m-2 h-1 under one sun (1 kW m-2) coupled with ultra-low convection flow rate of 0.2 m s-1. Additionally, the flexible MTiE shows excellent long-term salt-resistant stability for continuous evaporative wastewater disposal. The 2D meshy structure provides a new pathway for the faster vapor diffusion and water collection in solar evaporators.

In this paper, the model of information exchange system was promoted. With Miner's linear cumulative damage theory and life prediction method, the fatigue strength of Hinge Sleeve of Cubic was calculated and simulated by ANSYS. Firstly, the model of Hinge Sleeve of Cubic is established, and the stress of the Hinge Sleeve of Cubic is calculated. Then the fatigue strength of Hinge Sleeve of Cubic was calculated with Miner's linear cumulative damage theory and life prediction method. In ANSYS, combined with static analysis, topology optimization and Fatigue function corresponding data, the information exchange system for life optimization design of Hinge Sleeve of Cubic was created. According to the required load conditions, the material foundation data and boundary constraints are set, and the stress correction curve is loaded for fatigue calculation. With the results of fatigue calculation, the simulation verification is carried out again. The final model of mass-reduction design is obtained through repeated optimization verification by combining ANSYS data with topology optimization. Compared with traditional theoretical calculation methods, the optimized Hinge Sleeve of Cubic was obtained by the optimization method based on information exchange model proposed, it has better computing performance. The simulation results show that the working performance of the optimized Hinge Sleeve of Cubic meets the design requirements.

Influences of six oil recesses shapes on the performance characteristics of hydrostatic thrust bearings is discussed by using CFD methods. The performance in terms of oil film pressure, temperature and load carrying capacity is calculated. The recess pressure increases with its circumference, the variation of maximum and the minimum recess pressure in six recess shapes is 9%. The load carrying capacity (LCC) increases with the recess circumference, and the maximum on equilateral triangle recess while minimum pressure on circular. The LCC decreased 16.46% when the rotation speed from 0 to 5000rpm. The recess shape have no significant influence on the temperature distribution of oil film, but the average temperature is inversely proportional to the width of middle circle. Finally, the experiments were carried out to validating the CFD methods.

Purpose: This study assessed the awareness, actions, and predictors of actions on adverse drug reaction reporting among patients attending a referral hospital in southern highland Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was from January to August 2022 at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital (MZRH) in Mbeya, Tanzania. A total of 792 adult patients with chronic conditions attending outpatient clinics at MZRH were recruited consecutively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, ADR awareness, and actions when encountering ADR. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and results are summarized using frequency and percentages. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with reporting ADR among patients. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 792, 397(50.1%) were males and 383(48.4%) had a primary education level. Only 171(21.6%) participants previously experienced ADR and 111(14.1%) were aware that ADR is an unexpected harm that occurs after medication use. The majority 597(70.3%) of the participants said will report ADR to healthcare providers, 706(88.9%) prefer reporting ADR to healthcare providers and 558(69.1%) said patients are not aware of the importance of reporting ADR. Patients aged below 65 years of age, unemployed ((AOR (95%CI) =0.4(0.18 – 0.87), self-employed ((AOR(95%CI) =0.5(0.32 – 0.83)), and those who ever encountered ADR ((AOR(95%CI) =0.1(0.05 – 0.11)), were more likely to report the ADR to HCPs compared to the rest. Conclusions: The majority of patients are not aware of what is ADR and the importance of ADR reporting. Most of the patients prefer to report ADR to healthcare providers. We recommend an awareness campaign to raise awareness of the patients on ADR and other methods of ADR reporting.

Acute leukemia is the most common form of leukemia in adults. Drug differentiation control is critical for the treatment of acute leukemia. Unfortunately, current techniques detecting differentiation control experience long time and complex steps of verification hindering the steps of medicine discovery: flow cytometry and RT-PCR are highly accurate and efficient at a cost of inconvenient fluorescent labeling or a high risk of contamination; conventional staining leads to cell death unavailable for further pharmacological tests. Simple, fast and non-invasive techniques for medicine screening are in demand. DC-iDEP is an emerging label-free identification technique sorting cell populations taking advantage of the whole cell native biophysical property. Here, HL-60 cell line has been used as a model to study the differentiation process towards granulocytes and medicine efficacy. The results showed that DEP could detect the DMSO promoted differentiation degree by the weighted average characterization factor. This factor is related to the single cell biophysical property, which accumulate to generate differences in each population with distinct constitutions. Furthermore, chichoric acid was first found to promote DMSO-induced differentiation efficiently. The change induced by chichoric acid has been detected by DEP for primary medicine screening application. A rapid, label-free medicine screening method has been established monitoring HL-60 differentiation towards granulocyte for control and has great potential for medicine screening.

A suitable interface between the electrode and electrolyte is crucial in achieving highly stable electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries, as facile ionic transport is required. Recently, intriguing research and development have been carried out to form a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte. Therefore, it is essential to investigate emerging knowledge and contextualize it. The nanoengineering of the electrode-electrolyte interface has been actively researched both at the electrode/electrolyte and interphase levels, which calls for significant attention. This review presents and summarizes some recent advances aimed at nanoengineering approaches to build a more stable electrode-electrolyte interface and assess the impact of each approach adopted. Furthermore, future perspectives on the feasibility and practicality of each approach will also be reviewed in detail. Finally, this review aids in projecting a more sustainable research pathway for a nanoengineered interphase design between electrode and electrolyte, which is pivotal for high-performance, thermally stable Li-ion batteries.

This article describes the mental health outcomes of participants in the HudsonUP pilot, a five-year basic income initiative for low to mid-income residents of Hudson, NY. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including both quantitative surveys and qualitative phenomenological interviews, to better understand participants’ experiences two years into the pilot. Through the lens of the psychological theory of scarcity, findings indicate that the HudsonUP program has improved the overall mental well-being of the participants by reducing the stress and anxiety associated with financial insecurity and helping them to meet their basic needs, pursue further education, and career opportunities. Despite the challenges of the ongoing pandemic and inflation, participants expressed gratitude for the “undercurrent of stability” provided by the program.

Key Findings: The novelty of this research is the sampling technique used to determine the Sinc-shaped convolving function. The sampling technique uses a k-space region which spatial extent can be fine-tuned by the numerical values of bandwidth and sampling rate so to determine the strength of the k-space filter. The benefit for Magnetic Resonance Imaging is k-space filters with additional parameters usable to fine-tune the filter strength.

Multiomics approaches to studying systems biology are very powerful tools that can elucidate changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels within a particular cell type in response to an infection. These approaches are valuable for understanding the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis, and specifically how the immune system responds to being challenged. With the emergence of the COVID-019 pandemic, now more than ever, the importance and utility of these tools has become evident in garnering a better understanding of the systems biology within the innate and adaptive immune response and for developing treatments and preventative measures for new and emerging pathogens that pose a threat to human health. In this review we focus on the various state of the art “omics” technologies used within the scope of innate immunity.

Prior neuroimaging studies of music-evoked emotions have shown that music listening involves the activation of cortical and subcortical regions. However, these regions could be differentially activated by music stimuli with different affective valence. To better understand the neural correlates involved in the processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotions induced by music, we conducted a quantitative activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis. We performed separate ALE analyses for the overall brain activation during music listening (63 studies), for the brain activation during listening to unpleasant music (23 studies) and for the brain activation while listening to pleasant music (21 studies). Our results showed an activation of a range of cortical and subcortical regions, including the amygdala, insula, striatum, thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Moreover, our findings showed that pleasant and unpleasant music specifically activated different brain regions. Particularly, unpleasant music activated the amygdala, hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas pleasant music activated the striatum, thalamus and the hippocampus. The identification of brain networks preferentially activated during listening to pleasant and unpleasant music provide useful clinical information for the development of therapies in psychological disorders with emotion reactivity problems.

Social support from family and friends, albeit associated with beneficial health effects, does not always help to cope with pain. This may be because humans elicit mixed expectations of social support and evaluative judgment. The present studies aimed to test whether pet dogs are a more beneficial source of support in a painful situation than human companions, because they are not evaluative. For this, 74 and then 50 women completed a cold-pressor task either in the presence of their own or an unfamiliar pet dog, a friend or an unknown human companion, or alone. In both studies, participants reported less pain and exhibited less pain behavior in dogs' compared to human companions' presence. Furthermore, reactions to pain were moderated by attitudes towards dogs in study 2. This suggests that pet dogs may help individuals to cope with painful situations, especially if the individual in pain generally feels affectionate towards dogs.

In the process of identifying non-line-of-sight (NLOS), acoustics-based indoor positioning needs to collect audio recordings of sound fields in multiple rooms and upload them to the central server for training. Once the transmission process and server-side suffer malicious attacks, private data will also be leaked. To solve the training difficulty and privacy issues at the same time, we propose a novel Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) model combined with user frequency and room data capacity, taking into account the significant differences in positioning data with room layout. The proposed model can accurately identify the differences between different room data when aggregating on the server-side. By collecting data in the actual indoor environment and comparing the existing algorithms, the accuracy of the proposed method in the data verification of unfamiliar rooms is 90%.

Background. Sexual transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 causes 90% of condyloma acuminata (CA) and the prevalence of CA in the younger generation is not low. Human papillomavirus vaccines containing types 6 and 11 are highly effective in preventing condyloma acuminatum transmission. By getting immunized promptly, college students who have not had sexual experience as a catch-up group can minimize the potential emotional and financial stress of CA. However, no comprehensive research has been undertaken on the views of this population about the CA vaccination. Methods. This study aimed to examine HPV knowledge and CA vaccination acceptance among college students without sexual experience in Guangdong, China. We used WeChat web-based questionnaires to conduct a cross-sectional survey of respondents. College students identified as having never had sexual relations were maintained, and 2,139 valid questionnaires were ultimately collected. Results. Knowledge of CA (26.2%) and HPV (18.8%) was poor among college students who had never engaged in sexual activity, as was the vaccination rate (2.9%). However, acceptance of the vaccine was relatively high (54.8%). More respondents received the CA vaccine if they were full-time students (OR = 1.962), had heard of CA (OR = 1.505), had actively learned about CA (OR = 1.812), considered the vaccine safe (OR = 2.310), and believed it was successful in preventing CA (OR = 3.925). Conclusions. Overall, this population has limited knowledge about the CA and HPV vaccines. To protect young people’s health and lessen the disease burden, society should pay more attention to CA and HPV vaccination education.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation, regulate multiple fundamental biological processes in cells. During bacterial infection, effector proteins are delivered into host cells through dedicated bacterial secretion systems and can modulate important cellular pathways by covalently modifying their host targets. These strategies enable intruding bacteria to subvert various host processes, thereby promoting their own survival and proliferation. Despite rapid expansion of our understanding of effector-mediated PTMs in host cells, analytical measurements of these molecular events still pose significant challenges in the study of host-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, with major technical breakthroughs in the last two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to be a valuable tool for detecting protein PTMs and mapping modification sites. Additionally, large-scale PTM profiling, facilitated by different enrichment strategies prior to MS analysis, allows high-throughput screening of host enzymatic substrates of bacterial effectors. In this review, we summarize the advances in the studies of two representative PTMs (i.e., ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation) catalyzed by bacterial effectors during infection. Importantly, we will discuss the ever increasing role of MS in understanding these molecular events and how the latest MS-based tools can aid in future studies of this booming area of pathogenic bacteria-host interactions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R), a chaperone protein with the ability to activate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, has been connected with antidepressant action. Our previous study indicated that loganin has antidepressant-like effects. This study aimed to investigate whether loganin exerts antidepressant-like effects via Sigma-1R/BDNF signaling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established rat model of depression using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Sucrose preference test (SPT) and open field test (OFT) were used to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of loganin. Then, we assessed the changes of BDNF signaling, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in hippocampus using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. To confirm the role of Sigma-1R and BDNF in loganin-induced antidepressant-like effects, BD1047 and ANA-12 were used to block Sigma-1R and BDNF, respectively. KEY RESULTS Loganin improved depressive-like behaviors of rats in the SPT and OFT. Antidepressant-like effects of loganin in the SPT occur at day 6, which was faster than fluoxetine. Mechanismly, loganin effectively restored CUS-induced decrease in BDNF, pERK/1/2, PSD-95 and DCX in the hippocampus. Blockage of BDNF signaling with ANA-12 reversed the antidepressant-like effects of loganin. Moreover, loganin exhibited a binding affinity with Sigma-1R, as indicated by molecular docking. Importantly, BD1047 diminished loganin-induced improvement of rat behaviors as well as activation of hippocampal BDNF signaling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, loganin exerts antidepressant-like effects by improving synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus dependent on Sigma-1R/BDNF signaling.

There are variables linked to the type of support service demanded by entrepreneurs, which, along with other characteristics of entrepreneurs and their projects, may account for a significant part of the variations in their survival rate. After applying structural equations modelling, with some probability as a function of these variables, a prediction of the survival rate could help to offer a better support service for entrepreneurs. The data set is composed of 2,221 entrepreneurs and 83 variables and help us to achieve a model with global significance. The variables that explain a more significant part of the variability of survival are the number of employees and participation in local development programs. This research may help improve one of the programs with the most considerable dissemination worldwide. The budget assigned to public organizations dedicated to implementing these services is increasing in most of the developed countries, to ease the creation of employment.