A Palato-Pharyngo-Laryngeal Myoclonus in Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Long-term ecological studies have consistently reported slower than expected changes in biodiversity over time. One explanation for this phenomenon is that commonly used diversity measurements such as species richness are too coarse to detect mechanisms shaping community assembly. It remains unclear whether abundance based diversity measurements are susceptible to the same problem. To test this, we study temporal changes in abundance based diversity indices across 3341 observations from 880 plots from 15 long-term vegetation plot studies. We then partition diversity change into mechanisms of interest to ecologists: selection, drift, and immigration. We show that these mechanisms are an imperfect predictor of temporal diversity change, creating a mismatch between changes in species abundances and changes in diversity, particularly when shifts in diversity are rapid. To resolve this mismatch, we quantify a less studied mechanism “rarity shifts”, which measure how an individual’s contributions to diversity changes over time. We found rarity shifts are an important component of diversity change across many studies. Furthermore, rarity shifts tend to oppose other mechanisms, particularly selection. Therefore, rarity shifts obscure changes in relative abundance from abundance based diversity measurements, revealing why diversity changes appear slower than expected. Ultimately, understanding rarity shifts can lead to a more accurate understanding of the rate and nature of temporal diversity change in ecology and conservation.

Parasitoid wasps are major causes of mortality of many species, resulting in host immune defences commonly being the target of adaptive evolution, though such targets outside model species are poorly understood. Here we compare the power of different molecular tests of selection to provide such insights in novel species. We combined our understanding of variation in immune defence capacity among three closely related Galerucella leaf beetles with a shared parasitoid wasp, with information on genomic targets of parasitoid attacks from exemplar insect species. Based on this, we predicted that these genomic targets would vary in their evolutionary history across three closely related leaf beetle species, such that genomic targets would experience stronger positive selection in the species with strongest immune response to attack. Codon based tests revealed variation among species in positive selection genome wide, and showed that parasitoid-relevant immune genes experienced more positive selection in the species with the greatest immunocompetence (G. pusilla), while almost no immune genes were under positive selection in the species with the least immunocompetence (G. calmariensis). Genome wide analyses of the haplotype frequency spectrum also identified genes experiencing positive selection across the species, though few were parasitoid-relevant immune genes and no species was particularly enriched for them. Thus, our codon based test, which summarizes all sweep events since the last common ancestor, found results consistent with our a priori hypothesis, providing a series of targets for future functional genomic study.

Microorganisms are the most biodiverse life forms on our planet, yet we know little about the spatial processes underlying their ecology and evolution. Here, we highlight the importance of two spatial processes that act on individual cells - spatial intermixing of different populations and mechanical cell shoving during growth - to improve our understanding of microbial eco-evolutionary dynamics. Using an individual-based model, we show that the coexistence of slow- and fast-growing populations becomes highly constrained under two conditions: when the slow- and fast-growing populations are highly spatially intermixed and when the ability to shove other cells (both conspecific and heterospecific) is weak. The potential for evolution through plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer between slow- and fast- growing populations also becomes restricted in the same scenario. Our modeling highlights that ecological constraints can dampen evolutionary opportunities within microbial communities due to variation in spatial intermixing and mechanical shoving at the cellular scale.

Background: 67-kDa laminin receptor is a cell surface receptor for laminin and polyphenols like EGCG. 67LR overexpressed in different cancers. Polyphenols-induced activation of 67LR activates Akt/eNOS/NO/cGMP/PKCδ pathways very well known for apoptotic signalling and inhibits cell growth via PKA/PP2A activation, ultimately triggering cancer cell death. The binding of EGCG to the Human laminin receptor (67LR) upregulates Tollip expression, inhibits TLR4 signaling, and prevents inflammation. Method: Protein-ligand docking was performed considering Human laminin receptor (67LR) precursor (PDB ID - 3BCH) as protein and 18 polyphenols as ligand using Autodock Vina 1.1.2. Result: combining EGCG or other potent polyphenols with PDE5 inhibitors may impart a rationale for the clinical efficiency of this formulation for cancer therapeutics and 67LR is conceivably an absolute novel target for cancer chemotherapy and treatment of inflammation. Discussion: Developing the anticancer formulation of the anticancer drug, 67LR inducer along with inhibitor of PDE5 and SET could exert strong antitumor effects via the 67LR. It will reduce the dose of anticancer drugs and adverse side effects.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer. While it is still a significant public health issue, advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Early detection through regular mammograms and self-examinations can increase the chances of successful treatment. Early recognition of breast cancer and having received the proper treatment could decrease the risk of mortality as survival becomes hard in advanced stages of the tumor’s development. Using machine learning in medicine is important because it aids specialists in making accurate diagnoses at an early stage. In this paper, machine learning algorithms were trained using the Coimbra breast cancer dataset (CBCD), comprising 116 patients, to diagnose breast cancer. Four machine learning algorithms are used: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Logistic Regression (LR). We proposed a model incorporating the results of statistical analysis with feature engineering to improve the data. Statistical analysis allowed us to create two new features and consequently the accuracy is improved by 4.13%. The result accuracy of SVM, RF and KNN reaches 95.8%, while the accuracy of LR algorithm got 75%. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved results outperform all state-of-art.

in this manuscript,we depict the concept of composed operators and then establish the existence and uniqueness of coupled coincidence points of such contractions and other related mappings in the abstract framework of multiplicative cone metric space over Banach algebra with multiplicative algebra solid cone regardless of its normality property. Further, we give illustrative examples to demonstrate the validity of our results proved herein, Eventually, we introduce an application of non-linear integral equations for the existence of a unique solution to support our results. In doing so, we show that some prvious results are consequences of our main presentd results.

Objectives: To examine xenoestrogen concentration differences between women with leiomyomas or endometriosis and control women, and to study the relationship between the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of these patients and their xenoestrogen levels. Design: Prospective case-control study Setting: Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital, Spain. Sample: Cases included 117 patients who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyomas (74/117), endometriosis (21/117), or both (22/117). One hundred and four healthy women who underwent surgical procedures for other reasons comprised the control group. Methods: Xenoestrogen concentration was determined in the omental fat of all patients. Using a questionnaire and reviewing the patient´s medical records, the investigators collected sociodemographic data and other relevant variables. Main outcome measures: Xenoestrogen concentration (TEXB-α) in omental fat. Results: A significant majority of the study participants (68.8%) had detectable levels of xenoestrogens. We found no association between TEXB-α in omental fat and the presence of myomas or endometriosis. In the case group, women working in Madrid Community exhibited, on average, 2.83 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α compared to those working in other areas (p=0.046). Women who referred use of estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives had, on average, 3.02 Eeq pM/g higher levels of TEXB-α compared to those who had never used them (p=0.022). Conclusions: This study found no association between omental xenoestrogen levels and leiomyomas or endometriosis. However, their presence in most participants and their association with highly polluted areas emphasizes the importance of limiting environmental exposure to these substances. We also identified an association between hormonal contraceptives use and xenoestrogen concentration.

Insect herbivores, such as lepidopteran larvae, often have close evolutionary relationships with their host plants, with which they may be locked in an evolutionary arms race. Larval grouping behaviour may be one behavioural adaptation that improves host plant feeding, but aggregation also comes with costs, such as higher competition and limited resource access. Here, we use the Heliconiini butterfly tribe to explore the impact of host plant traits on the evolution of larval gregariousness. Heliconiini almost exclusively utilise species from the Passifloraceae as larval host plants. Passifloraceae display incredible diversity of form, leaf shape and a range of anti-herbivore defences, suggesting they are locked in an arms race with Heliconiini larvae. By analysing larval social behaviour as both a binary (solitary or gregarious) and categorical (increasing larval group size) trait, we revisit the multiple origins of larval gregariousness across Heliconiini. We investigate whether host habitat, leaf defences and leaf size are important drivers of, or constraints on, larval gregariousness. Whereas our data do not reveal links between larval gregariousness and the host plant traits included in this study, we do find an interaction between larval host specialisation and behaviour, revealing gregarious larvae to be more likely to feed on a narrower range of host plant species than solitary larvae. We also find evidence that this increased specialisation typically precedes the evolutionary transition to gregarious behaviour. The comparatively greater host specialisation of gregarious larvae suggests that there are specific morphological and/or ecological features of their host plants that favour this behaviour.

Poyang Lake is an essential natural wetland in the Yangtze River basin and plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem function and ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the relative importance and spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of human activities and land use changes on ecological security needs to be further explored. Here, we analyzed the habitat quality level around Poyang Lake in 2022 and explored the factors of habitat quality change from a geographical perspective. The land use structure changes around the Poyang Lake basin from 2000 to 2022 were quantitatively analyzed, and then the relative importance and spatial heterogeneity of each factor on ecological security changes were investigated using geographic probes. The results show that (1) The worst quality habitat (0–0.1) consists mainly of construction land (1624.9 km2) with an area of 1634.64 km2; (2) Construction land continues to increase with the most significant change, and the dynamic land use attitude is 0.47. Grassland and mudflats have the greatest decrease. The increase in cultivated land in different periods is mainly due to the shift of water surface and forest land; (3) Wetland land use change drivers are more influenced by the interaction of socioeconomic factors. The explanatory degrees of the interaction between population density and total year-end population and population density and administrative area are greater than 0.84. The data are greater than the explanatory degrees of every single factor, indicating that the land use change is mainly coupled with population density, total year-end population, and administrative area. These results reveal that human activities influence the degradation of wetlands around the Poyang Lake area. This study has significant reference value for coordinating human–land relationships in Poyang Lake, optimizing land management policy, and improving the sustainable development of cities

Substitution box(S-box) has an important duty in encryption. In recent years plenty of S-box designs by chaotic systems have been studied. In this paper a high speed S-box constitution from fractional order Liu system on FPGA is proposed. The design was implemented by using Xilinx System Generator(XSG) toolbox in MATLAB/Simulink software in single precision floating point numbers format and a low cost Basys 3 FPGA trainer card was used. In addition, numerical fractional order equations was solved by using Grünwald-Letnikov(GL) method with 1024 elements length. The S-box table was constructed about 0.137s. After all performance analyzes as nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, differential probability, bits independent criterion, and equiprobable input/output XOR distribution, were performed. The performance analyzes shown that the design was satisfactory.

The assumption of ‘no unmeasured confounders’ is a critical but unverifiable assumption required for causal inference yet quantitative sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of real-world evidence remains underutilized. The lack of use is likely in part due to complexity of implementation and often specific and restrictive data requirements required for application of each method. With the advent of sensitivity analyses methods that are broadly applicable in that they do not require identification of a specific unmeasured confounder – along with publicly available code for implementation – roadblocks toward broader use are decreasing. To spur greater application, here we present a best practice guidance to address the potential for unmeasured confounding at both the design and analysis stages, including a set of framing questions and an analytic toolbox for researchers. The questions at the design stage guide the research through steps evaluating the potential robustness of the design while encouraging gathering of additional data to reduce uncertainty due to potential confounding. At the analysis stage, the questions guide researchers to quantifying the robustness of the observed result and providing researchers with a clearer indication of the robustness of their conclusions. We demonstrate the application of the guidance using simulated data based on a real-world fibromyalgia study, applying multiple methods from our analytic toolbox for illustration purposes.

Backgrounds To our knowledge, there is no available nationwide data on omicron symptom patterns in China mainland. We aim to determine the acute and long COVID-19 symptoms in the omicron-dominant period and to evaluate its association with age, sex and smoking status. Methods We designed a cross-sectional nationwide study and data about self-reported symptoms were collected by an online platform named Wenjuanxing. Eligible participants were aged 25 - 65 years and were symptomatic. To improve the representativeness of sample size, the ratios of the number of people of different ages and genders were weighted by the data from the Seventh National Census (2020 years), and validated by a published nationwide representative study through comparing smoking rates. Descriptive analysis was conducted to report information on demographic characteristics, diagnosis ways and duration time, acute symptoms, hospitalization, severity and long COVID-19 symptoms. And, multivariate Logistic regression models were used to explore the effect of age, sex and smoking on acute and long COVID-19 symptoms. Results A total of 32,528 individuals diagnosed as COVID-19 infection from October 1, 2022 to February 21, 2023 were included. The top three acute symptoms of COVID-19 infection were fever (69.90%), headache (62.63%), sore throat (54.29%). The rates of hospitalization within 7 days, symptoms disappear within 21 days were 3.07% and 68.84%, respectively. Among 3983 COVID-19 patients with 3 months or more time difference between first infection and participation into the study, the long COVID-19 rate was 19.68% and the primary symptoms were muscle weakness (19.39%), headache (17.98%) and smell/taste disorder (15.18%). Compared with male and never smokers, female and current smokers were risk factors for each acute CVOID-19 symptoms, and also had a higher risk for fatigue among long COVID-19 symptoms. Lastly, female and current smokers also were related with more number of symptoms during acute infection period. Conclusions Omicron variant to be milder in terms of severity in China mainland. And, more attention should be given to high-risk population (current smokers and women) to control disease burden caused by COVID-19.

The reliable estimation of earthquake magnitude and stress drop are key in seismology. The novel technology of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) holds great promise for source parameter inversion owing to the measurements’ high spatial density. In this study, I demonstrate the robustness of DAS for magnitude and stress drop estimation using the empirical Green’s function deconvolution method. This method is applied to 7 colocated earthquakes recorded in Israel following the 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Spectral ratios were calculated using amplitude spectra stacked along the fiber, and fitted with a relative Boatwright source spectral model. Excellent fits were obtained even for similar sized earthquakes. Stable seismic moments and stress drops were calculated assuming the moment of one earthquake is known. These robust source parameters suggest that stress drop increases with seismic moment. The results demonstrate the great potential of DAS for source studies.

Understanding how El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) responds to natural variability is of key importance for future climate projections under a warming climate. However, there is no clear consensus on what drives ENSO’s variability on centennial timescales. Here, we find that the epikarst in southeastern Alaska is effective at filtering ENSO and solar irradiance signals from the Aleutian Low regional climate, which are subsequently recorded in the speleothem proxy data. By applying a correlation test, we find that ENSO was significantly influenced by solar irradiance over the past ~3,500 years. This relationship dissolved after ~1970 CE, with ENSO now being dominated by anthropogenic forcing. This implies a new ENSO mean state that will need to be incorporated into future climate projections.

Background/Objectives: High-risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HRHL) in children is a curable with combined modality therapy. The AHOPCA is a consortium of cancer centers from Central America. In 2004, AHOPCA implemented a guideline with a short course of chemotherapy (mStanfordV), strict diagnostics and radiation guidelines, aimed at reducing abandonment and improving outcomes. Methods: Newly diagnosed children less than 18 years of age with high-risk HL (Ann Arbor stages: IIB, IIIB, IV) from AHOPCA centers were staged with chest X-ray, and ultrasound or CT. Therapy was a modified StanfordV (mStanfordV) substituting cyclophosphamide for mechlorethamine and involved field radiation. Results: Of 219 patients with HRHL, 181 patients were eligible and evaluable;146 (81%) were boys, 22% being less than 6 years; 43 were stage IIB, 84 IIIB and 54 IV. Thirty-one (17%) abandoned therapy, 28 (15%) progressed, 30 (17%) relapsed and 8 (4%) died of toxicity. Radiation guidelines were not followed. Five-year abandonment-sensitive event-free survival and overall survival (AS-EFS, AS-OS±SE) for the cohort were 46±4% and 56±4%; 5-year AS-OS for stages IIB, IIIB and IV was 76±7%, 59±7%, and 35±7% (p=0.0006). Conclusion: Despite instituting a short treatment guideline, it did not improve the abandonment rate (17%) and did not achieve the reported outcomes of StanfordV. The cyclophosphamide dose used to replace merchlorethamine was inadequate. Despite strict guidelines, the radiation therapy application was inaccuarate. Weekly chemotherapy may have adversely affected abandonment of therapy by increasing the burden of travel-time. Based on these results, AHOPCA established a new abandonment strategy and a new guideline.

Distributed Denial of Service attacks is common attacks—DDoS plan to limit the casual users from cracking the critical network resources. Methods to find the DDoS attack come to light as an essential and hot research issue. Therefore, the increment in network usage scale demands more challenges to see the DDoS attack. Non-real time collection of network traffic will make sincere complications inaccuracy. DDOS attack detection, and efficiency. Lately, sketch data structures play an excellent role in high-speed networks to suppress and combine network traffic issues. However, the sketch data structure has issues rebuilding the reverse keys that behave abnormally due to the reversible hash function. To rectify the above difficulties, we include the Chinese Remainder Theorem-based Reverse Sketching (CRTRS). However, Reverse Sketching is not good at suppressing and combining heavy network traffic, but it can easily detect abnormal keys. According to network traffic records setup by CRTRS, we add the Modified Cumulative Sum Quality Control Scheme (MCSQCS) that encourages the DDOS attack detection. The enforcement of the proposed work with DDOS attack detection has two kind’s different datasets. The result of the experiments shows that it gives more accuracy and efficiency in detecting DDOS attacks. Therefore, comparing other DDoS detecting methods with the sketch data structure has fewer computational complications. Improving the anomalous keys is the most critical challenge in this proposed work.

Bollworm poses a significant threat to cotton crops worldwide, including in the Fergana province of Uzbekistan. This study aims to explore innovative approaches to bollworm control and contribute to the global understanding of integrated pest management strategies (IPM). Using an extensive literature review and field observations, the study evaluates the effectiveness of an integrated protection system in reducing reliance on chemical inputs while increasing overall efficiency. The results highlight the multigenerational life cycle of bollworm, its impact on various crops, and the need for artificial biological control methods and targeted insecticide applications. In addition, the study highlights the need to adopt globally accepted IPM practices to ensure sustainable pest management. The findings underscore the importance of collaboration among researchers, farmers, policymakers, and industry representatives in developing and implementing advanced control measures. Through integrated approaches and the incorporation of scientific advances, bollworm infestations can be contained while safeguarding agricultural productivity and minimizing environmental risks.

Objective This article aims to analyze correlations between microvascular density (MVD) of nude mice as well as VEGF and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters. Method Construct a model with 60 ovarian cancer of nude mice. Via ultrasound contrast agent injected intravenously.the enhancement features of tumors were observed in real time and the time-intensity curve (TIC) of CEUS was also obtained. By conducting quantitative analysis of Gamma-fit, we were able to get the relative parameters. Utilizing CD34 and CD31 for counting, the indices of MVD and VEGF level of “hotspot” area inside the tumors were measured. Through the analysis of CEUS image characteristics of ovarian cancer model in contrast with IHC indices, we discussed about their correlations. We matched 10 nude mice granuloma models to find differences between IHC quotas and CEUS parameters. Result The differences in CEUS clearing patterns of nude mice with different growth periods (30 days / 40 days) were considered statistically significant. surface density and H-score of CD31, CD34 and VEGF were significantly different between the transplanted tumor group and the granuloma group in nude mice.Statistics in correlation between CEUS parameter indices and IHC showed that the area under the curve (AUC)and average optical density of CD31 are positively correlated，the arrival time (ATM) and average optical density of VEGF are positively correlated. Conclusion There are differences among the microvascular architectures of ovarian cancer given different growth cycles. CEUS has shown its value during the clearing phases. The microvascular architecture of ovarian cancer and granuloma is obviously different. However, there are overlaps between their CEUS performances, where there is no significant statistical difference. The area under the curve (AUC) and time to arrival (ATM) of the quantifiers were positively correlated with CD31 and VEGF, which is helpful for clinical applications in early diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer patient

Background:Catheter ablation is an effective method to control the rhythm of atrial fibrillation. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) is the cornerstone of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.However, circumferential pulmonary vein isolation alone has a higher recurrence rate in the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation.At present additional left atrial BOX ablation has been shown to reduce the recurrence rate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation in some studies, but it remains controversial. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of additional left atrial BOX ablation in the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation, furthermore,to provide evidence-based medical evidence for catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods: We searched the CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials that undergoing circumferential pulmonary vein isolation alone or get additional left atrial BOX ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. The search period was from the establishment of the database to January 2023. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were extracted from the included studies. The primary endpoint was the recurrence rate of all atrial arrhythmias(AA) within one year postoperatively, and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of surgery-related adverse events. This meta-analysis was performed by R version 4.1.2 Results: Six randomized controlled trials involving 967 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation were included.468 patients who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein ablation + left atrial BOX ablation and 499 patients underwent circumferential pulmonary vein ablation alone.The meta-analysis results showed that circumferential pulmonary vein ablation + left atrial BOX ablation did not significantly reduce the recurrence rate of all atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation compared with circumferential pulmonary vein isolation alone (RR=0.86,95%CI=0.73-1.02,I 2=35%)。However, subgroup analysis showed that circumferential pulmonary vein ablation + left atrial BOX ablation significantly reduced the recurrence rate of all atrial arrhythmias (RR=0.67, 95% CI=0.49-0.92, I 2=15%). and the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation (RR=0.53, 95% CI=0.37-0.77, I 2=0%) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation when the left atrial diameter was ≤44mm. There was no significantly increase in the incidence of procedure-related adverse events (RR=1.04,95% CI=0.56-1.94, I 2=0%), but the ablation time (MD=19.77, 95% CI=15.84-23.70, I 2=0%) and procedure time (MD=15.64,95% CI=6.99-24.29, I 2=0%) due to additional ablation procedures were extended. Conclusion: Additional left atrial BOX ablation does not significantly reduce the recurrence rate of atrial arrhythmia after catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, but it can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of atrial arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in all small left atrial diameter, without increasing the risks associated with surgery.Additional left atrial BOX ablation is safe and effective. However, further evidence from additional multicenter RCT studies is needed. Keywords: Additional left atrial BOX ablation, Persistent atrial fibrillation, Catheter ablation, Meta-analysis

Background: Colchicine is commonly used early after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation to reduce inflammation and reduce AF recurrence, but there is limited long-term efficacy data. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low dose colchicine use on long-term AF recurrence after AF ablation. Methods: From 2013 to 2021, all AF ablations performed at a single tertiary care medical center were analyzed for colchicine use, clinical and procedural characteristics, and AF recurrence. The colchicine dose was 0.3-0.6 mg once daily for 30 days. The primary outcome was AF recurrence, defined as AF detection for more than 30 seconds after a three-month blanking period. Propensity score matching (PSM, 1:1 match) was performed using covariates that were significant predictors of AF recurrence in prior studies. The minimum duration of follow-up was 6 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to assess time to AF recurrence in the entire cohort and the PSM cohort. Results: The study population consisted of 1568 AF ablations in 1412 patients (67% male, age 65 ± 7 years and mean follow up 34 ± 14 months); 78% of the patients received colchicine. Colchicine use was associated with decreased AF recurrence (HR 0.78, CI 0.63-0.96, p=0.022). After PSM there were 275 patients in each group. AF recurrence was lower with colchicine (HR 0.71, CI 0.53-0.96, p=0.026). Conclusions: Low dose colchicine use was associated with lower long-term AF recurrence after AF ablation. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial is warranted to confirm if low dose colchicine should be used routinely after AF ablation.

A 39-year-old male patient presented for medical treatment with cough and minor hemoptysis for 3 days. Cardiac catheter ablation was successfully performed in another hospital 1 week ago. An emergency pulmonary CT examination revealed diffuse ground glass exudation and consolidation of the left lower lung, and a contrast-enhanced cardiovascular CT confirmed occlusion of the left lower pulmonary vein. Occluded pulmonary veins were successfully opened by balloon dilation and stent placement.

A document by Tetsuto Sugai. Click on the document to view its contents.

Fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machines are taken more attention in low-speed applications because of their great advantages. This paper proposes a new structure for an FSCW double rotor axial flux PM synchronous machine (DRAFPMSM) with counter-rotating rotors. In addition, an analytical formula for the Back EMF waveform of the proposed structure is presented. The accuracy of the formula is investigated by designing a 40 Watts sample machine. The rotors of this machine rotate with speeds of 600 and 428 rpm in opposite directions. The Back EMF of the sample machine is calculated using the suggested formula. In addition, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to determine the Back EMF waveform. Comparison of the obtained results confirms that the new formula yields the Back EMF precisely such that the results well match to those of FEM.