In this paper, we analyze a certain class of timelike ruled surface in one-parameter hyperbolic dual spherical motions by means of the E. Study map. Then, some new formulae of surfaces theory into Minkowski line space and their geometrical explanations are derived. In addition to that, timelike Pl¨ucker conoid associated with the motion has been obtained and investigated in detail. Finally, we have obtained the necessary and sufficient condition for a timelike ruled surface to be a constant timelike Disteli-axis.

Introduction: MAP is defined as invasion of the placental chronic villi in to the myometrium, either invading myometrium superficially (accreta), or deeply (increta), or fully and or neighbouring organs (percreta) .The management of MAP is caesarean hysterectomy. Conservative uterine sparing approaches are performed in patients with strong desire for future fertility& hemodynamic stability. The aim of this work is the evaluation of different management options for MAP & its effect on pregnancy outcomes to find the best approach to decrease MAP associated morbidity & mortality. Methods: Study included 42 MAP Previa patients Who underwent history taking, examination, investigations, different management operative options. Maternal and fetal outcome were recorded. Results: The postoperative complications are DIC, reoperations, postpartum collapse in 2 patients (4.8%), ICU admission in 5 cases (11.9%), wound infection, retained products of conception, chorioamnionitis & pulmonary embolism in 1 patient (2.4%). Conclusion : Management of MAP may be individualized, according to the hemodynamic stability & desire for future fertility. Key words: Placental disorders, Placenta accreta , Morbidly Adherent Placenta, Management of placenta accreta, postoperative complications of placenta accreta Abbreviations: MAP: Morbidly Adherent Placenta, CS: caesarean section. ——————-

Sediment ancient DNA can trace the climate and environmental changes of its surrounding areas, which is helpful to explore the relationship among the biological diversities, climate changes and human activities. Here, metabarcoding and metagenomics of high-throughput sequencing were summarized for better understanding the different methods for sediment ancient DNA study. Compared with the metabarcoding and metagenomics, it was found that different methods were selected for the different research purposes. The research samples of ancient DNA were changed from single species to multiple species, according to the development of the sequencing technology. Now, High-throughput sequencing technology has played an important role in ancient DNA study, which is widely used for the studies of sediment ancient DNA. In this review, we summarized the research progress in different stages and some problems of sediment ancient DNA. The significance of sediment ancient DNA were shown in this work. In conclusion, both metabarcoding and metagenomics have their own advantages and disadvantages, even both of them were belonged to the high-throughput sequencing technology. So, The significance of this study is to summarize and compare the research methods of sediment ancient DNA under the high-throughput sequencing, it had guiding significance for future research.

Objective: To gain insight into patients’ understanding of endometriosis, utilised sources of information on endometriosis, and perceptions of available treatment options. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected from an outpatient specialist endometriosis clinic within a tertiary hospital. Participants: New patients referred with symptoms suggestive of endometriosis. Methods: A paper based questionnaire was completed by new patients on their first presentation to the clinic. Main outcome measures: Patient understanding of symptoms and causes of endometriosis, types and expectations of treatment, and sources of information utilised by patients in researching endometriosis. Results: Approximately half of all included patients were unsure of the aetiology of endometriosis. Patients who relied on information from specialist gynaecologists were more optimistic about the outcome of surgical treatment, while those who relied on general practitioners were more optimistic about the outcome of medical treatment, when compared to those who sought information from online sources. Conclusions: Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating condition, yet there is limited data available regarding both the sources of information that patients’ access, and their perceptions of the disease. Given the high proportion of patients in our study who lacked knowledge of endometriosis, and the negative correlation between the use of social media for information and perception of treatment, there is a clear need for improved access to evidence-based resources for patient education. Funding: None received Keywords: Endometriosis, laparoscopy, social media, patient education

Rationale, Aims and Objectives: Early exercise has been extensively reported as safe and beneficial for critically ill patients. However, it is not widely implemented as frequently as expected in intensive care units (ICUs). Little is known regarding nurses’ current practice status and their intention toward early exercise. This paper aimed to investigate intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ current practice, limitations and intention to implement early exercise for ICU patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter survey with the e-questionnaire was conducted in the ICUs of four tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Results: A majority of the participants had experience with early exercise for critically ill patients during the last 3 months. Among 156 nurses who had early exercise experience, 49.3% performed early exercise less than once per week, only 29.5% of them spent >20 min on early exercise per patient, the main form of early exercise was in-bed exercise, with 55.8% performing out-of-bed exercise. Only 24.2% of participants reported having an early exercise guideline to follow in their work. The forms and frequencies of early exercise in different ICUs varied greatly, the emergency ICU was the least ideal, while the respiratory and surgical ICUs were better. Most participants showed positive intention to implement early exercise, and their intentions were significantly correlated with their education level (bachelor degree or above), support from their department, fewer perceived barriers, and working department. Conclusion: Although two-thirds of participants had experience with early exercise for critically ill patients, the implementation details of the early exercise were not ideal, including inadequate frequency and time etc. ICU managers should work to develop guidelines or regulations for early exercise, conduct training programs, overcome the limitations and provide adequate support for nurses to improve early exercise practices.

Purpose: Multiple diseases are often found in an elderly person concurrently, and most are chronic diseases. A wide variety of drugs are available for treatment but have prominent drugs interaction problems. Our research and development pharmacovigilance system (PVS) for the detection of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) is a novel alert system which for reducing PIM prescriptions of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a PVS on PIM prescriptions for elderly patients in our hospital. Methods: All drugs that pose risks to elderly patients, risk reasons, grade of recommendation in the guidelines and consensus were concluded, incorporated and summarised as the document information of the PVS for elderly patients. It was imported into the hospital information system (HIS) in batches. The real time audit of different dimensions will be conducted on the medical orders issued according to the different contents of the entries in the PVS. Results: The PVS has been applied into trial operation in the five geriatric departments of our hospital. The PVS for elderly patients has provided warnings 3911 times on outpatient and 3999 times on inpatient for six months. PVS had great influence on the usage of sedatives and hypnotics (estazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, zolpidem, alprazolam). The overall prevalence of PIM was significantly decreased during the 6 months. In January, warning percentage was 16.15% on outpatients and 30.59% on intpatients. However, warning percentage was 6.70% on outpatients and 16.06% on intpatients in June. Conclusions: The combination of the information platform and PIM could provide deeper technical support for the safety of medical behaviour and individualised treatment of patients.

Stroke is the second cause of mortality and has third place in the group of disabling diseases. Diagnosis of lesion location of patients with stroke is one of the main factors to determine treatment approaches for these cases. The usual methods in this diagnosis are time-consuming and costly. Today, expert systems, a machine learning method, have been able to reduce costs in diagnosing the disease. One of the most important components of an expert system is the dataset. Because there is no dataset for stroke patients, in this research, STROML, the first standard machine learning dataset for diagnosis of stroke patients’ lesion location based on the Barthel index and Lawton IADL scale is released. To show the efficiency of STROML, a hybrid expert model for diagnosis lesion location of patients with stroke is proposed. The proposed model contains two main parts: the neural-network-based classifier and the rule-based classifier. In this model, a PNN classifier is used as the neural-network-based classifier and a CART algorithm is employed as the rule-based classifier. Experiment results show that the proposed model can diagnose lesion location by more than 90% accuracy and can extract 10 diagnosis inference rules for this by using STROML.

The most suitable blade inclination angle for multiphase flow in soybean milk machine is obtained by simulating the gas-liquid two-phase flow field. The result shows that the lower blade A has a greater influence on the internal flow of soybean milk machine than the upper blade B. As the angle magnitude of alphaA increases, the peak value of radial velocity decreases and moves to the interior of the cavity, so does the total pressure. When alphaA changes from -24° to -26°, the velocity vector at the bottom of the cavity changes from the connected state to the separated state, and the pressure difference between the up and the bottom surface of blade A becomes large. When alphaA=-24°, both the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation are large. When alphaB=28°, the pressure difference reaches the maximum. In summary, the best inclination angles are alphaA=-24°~-26° and alphaB=28°, respectively.

Objective: To identify the influence of parental abnormal chromosomal karyotype on the pregnancy outcomes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) couples. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting and Population: 3235 RM couples who experienced two or more miscarriages before 20 weeks were diagnosed in our tertiary referral unit of a university hospital during 2008 to 2018. Main Outcome Measure(s): The frequency and distribution of 121 carriers were described. Pregnant RM carriers (n=55) and non-carriers (n=229) were compared in the etiological factors and pregnancy outcomes. Result(s): Chromosome aberration was detected in 121 (3.74%) among 3235 RM couples which included 75 female and 46 male cases at an individual level. 101 cases were structural aberrations including balanced translocations in 46(38.0%) cases, Robertsonian translocations in 13(10.7%) cases, inversions in 42(34.7%) cases and 20(16.5%) cases were numerical aberrations. 121 carriers during 2008 to 2018 and 428 non-carriers in the 2018 were followed up for two years. 55 carriers and 229 non-carriers were subsequent pregnant after diagnosis by natural conception or intrauterine insemination. The frequency of carriers to have a health newborn was not significantly different with non-carriers (72.7% vs. 71.2%, adjusted p=0.968). Conclusion(s): This study described the majority of carriers were balanced translocations and chromosome aberrations had a limited influence on live birth rate from the present data. The results of the study also remind us that natural conception may be also a good alternative rather than PGD (Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis) which is common in many other reproductive centers for such patients.

‘C1 Inhibitor Normal’ Versus ‘C1 Inhibitor Deficient’ Hereditary Angioedema: A false dichotomy?

IntroductionA partial mole occurs when a normal egg is fertilized by one or two sperm which then reduplicates itself, resulting in a triploid or tetraploid karyotype in the fetus. Partial molar pregnancy is an irregular pregnancy in which the embryo either grows incompletely, or doesn’t grow at all which mostly ends in a miscarriage. Inside the uterus multiple cysts grow which are known as hydatidiform mole. Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is the most frequent form of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD). Symptoms associated with partial molar pregnancy are frequent bleeding from the vagina in early pregnancy during the 1st trimester. Other symptoms may include severe vomiting and nausea, high blood pressure. Partial molar pregnancy is diagnosed by performing an ultrasound which reveals presence of cysts in the uterus especially placenta, low amniotic fluid and less developed fetus. A test is carried out that measures the levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). β-HCG is a hormone that is released in women while they’re pregnant. It appears in the blood or urine a week after the egg has been fertilized. In partial molar pregnancy the levels of β-HCG increase less rapidly than in a normal pregnancy. This case report is about a women who was pregnant with a hydatidiform partial mole and a coexisting live fetus. A twin pregnancy with one fetus and a coexistent mole, used to be an unusual occurrence but in recent times it is more frequent possibly due to the rise in ovulation induction. In every 22 000–100 000 pregnancies 1 case is of a pregnancy with hydatidiform mole[1], most pregnancies are complete hydatidiform moles (CHM) with a fetus. The told incidence for a partial mole with a coexisting fetus is 0.005–0.01% of pregnancies [2].

In this paper, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-KOH modified biochar (CKMB) was used to immobilize laccase by adsorption method (laccase@CKMB). Based on the results of the single-factor experiments, the optimal loading conditions of laccase@CKMB were studied with the assistance of Design-Expert 12 and response surface methods. The predicted optimal experimental conditions were laccase dosage 1.78 mg/mL, pH 3.1 and 312 K. Under these conditions, the activity recovery of laccase@CKMB was the highest, reaching 61.78 %. Then, the CKMB and laccase@CKMB were characterized by TGA, FT-IR, XRD, BET and SEM, and the results showed that laccase could be well immobilized on CKMB, the maximum enzyme loading could reach 57.5 mg/g. Compared to free laccase, the storage and pH stability of laccase@CKMB was improved greatly. The laccase@CKMB retained about 40 % of relative activity (4 ℃, 30 days) and more than 50 % of relative activity at pH 2-6. In addition, the laccase@CKMB indicated the reusability up to 6 reaction cycles while retaining 45.1 % of relative activity. Moreover, the thermal deactivation kinetic studies of laccase@CKMB showed a lower k value (0.00275 min-1) and higher t1/2 values (252.0 min) than the k value (0.00573 min-1) and t1/2 values (121.0 min) of free laccase. In summary, we explored scientific and reasonable immobilization conditions of laccase@CKMB, and the laccase@CKMB possessed relatively better stabilities, which gave the immobilization of laccase on this cheap and easily available carrier material the possibility of industrial applications.

Sepsis is a life-threatening heterogeneous syndrome due to a dysregulated immune response to infection. Studies have shown that genetic polymorphisms might have impact on the risk of sepsis. LincRNA-NR_024015, also known as testis development related 1(TDRG1), is a newly identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). It has been found to participate in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in human diseases, but its relevance in the development of sepsis is still unclear. In the present study, we genotyped lncRNA TDRG1 rs8506 polymorphism in 474 patients and 678 healthy controls recruited from a southern Chinese child population using Taqman methodology. Overall, a significant association was found between rs8506 polymorphism and the risk of sepsis disease (TT vs. CC/CT: adjusted OR = 1.751, 95%CI = 1.024–2.993, P = 0.0406). In the stratified analysis, the results suggested that the carriers of TT genotypes had a significantly increased sepsis risk among the children aged 12–60 months, females, early-stage sepsis and survivors (TT vs. CC/CT: ORage = 2.413; ORfemale = 2.868; ORsepsis = 2.533; ORsurvivor = 1.822; adjusted for age and gender, P < 0.05, respectively). Our study indicated that lncRNA TDRG1 rs8506 TT genotype might contribute to the risk of sepsis in a southern Chinese child population. Future research is required to elucidate the possible immunoregulatory mechanisms of this association.

Introduction: Respiratory viruses are among the leading causes of disease and death among children. Co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV2 can lead to diagnostic and management difficulties given the similarities the clinical picture. Methods: This is a cohort of all children hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infection from March to September 3rd 2020, and all children admitted with influenza throughout five flu-seasons (2013-2018) at a pediatric referral hospital. Patients with influenza were identified from the clinical laboratory database. All hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection were followed-up prospectively. Results: A total of 295 patients with influenza and 133 with SARS-CoV2 infection were included. The median age was 3.7 years for influenza and 5.3 years for SARS-CoV2. Comorbidities were frequent in both groups, but they were more common in patients with influenza (96.6% vs 82.7%, p <0.001). Fever and cough were the most common clinical manifestations in both groups. Rhinorrhea was present in more than half of children with influenza but was infrequent in those with COVID-19 (53.6 vs 5.8%, p<0.001). Overall, 6.4% percent of patients with influenza and 7.5% percent of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection died. In-hospital mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation among symptomatic patients were similar between groups in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Influenza and COVID-19 have a similar picture in pediatric patients, which makes diagnostic testing necessary for adequate diagnosis and management. Even though most cases of COVID-19 in children are asymptomatic or mild, the risk of death among hospitalized patients with comorbidities may be substantial, especially among infants.

Blue eye disease (BED) in pigs is caused by Porcine orthorubulavirus (P. orthorubulavirus) of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an endemic disease in swine production in the central region of Mexico and causes nervous signs and high mortality in suckling pigs, pneumonia in growing pigs, orchitis in boars and mummification during gestation. P. orthorubulavirus hemagglutinates most erythrocytes of domestic species. For serological diagnosis, the hemagglutination inhibition test is used, and in this test, guinea pig, bovine and chicken erythrocytes have been commonly used. In this investigation, hemagglutination with P. orthorubulavirus was evaluated using the erythrocytes of seven domestic species (chicken, bovine, horse, pig, dog, guinea pig and rabbit). In the hemagglutination test, the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (25°C and 37°C), bottoms of the wells (V and U), erythrocyte concentration (0.5, 0.75, and 1%), and reading time (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found in most of the evaluated treatments. The best hemagglutination results were obtained with chicken, bovine and horse erythrocytes. The hemagglutination titer is higher (2 dilutions) when using chicken erythrocytes than when using bovine or horse erythrocytes. If chicken erythrocytes are used in the inhibition of hemagglutination, the test will be more sensitive, while it is more specific when bovine or horse erythrocytes are used. The hemagglutination readings are imprecise when using erythrocytes from dogs, pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits. Erythrocytes from these species should not be used for the diagnosis or investigation of P. orthorubulavirus.

AIMS: The aims of the study were to evaluate the tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of single and continuous administration of recombinant neorudin (EPR-hirudin, EH) by intravenous injection in healthy subjects, and to provide a safe dosage range for phase II clinical research. METHODS: A single and continuous administration dose phase I clinical study was conducted. Forty-four subjects were received EH as single-dose of 0.2-2.0 mg/kg by intravenous bolus plus drip; Eighteen healthy subjects were randomly divided into 3 dose groups (0.15-0.45 mg/kg/h) with 6 cases in each group in the continuous administration trial. RESULTS: Single or continuous doses of neorudin were generally well tolerated in healthy adult subjects. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs), and all adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate. No subjects withdrew from the trial due to adverse events. There were no clinically relevant changes in physical examination, clinical chemistry, urinalysis or vital signs. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly related to the dose and systemic exposure. After the single-dose and continuous administration, the serum EH concentration reached a peak at 0.083h，the exposure increased with the increase of the administered dose with the mean half-life (T1/2) ranging from 1.7 to 2.5h, the clearance (Cl) ranging from 123.9 to179.7 mL/h/kg, and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) ranging from 402.7 to 615.2 mL/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics characteristics of EH can be used to guide rational drug dosing and choose therapeutic regimens in subsequent clinical studies.

Very recently, Atangana and Seda made use of the Newton polynomial interpolation to suggest new numerical scheme to solve linear and non-linear problems. In this paper, we applied such numerical method to solve the well-known telegraph equations with different differential operators. The stability analysis of each case is presented in detail and numerical simulations are presented for different values of fractional orders and fractal dimensions.

This note obtains a new regularity criterion for the three-dimensional magneto-micropolar fluid flows in terms of one velocity component and the gradient field of the magnetic field, i.e. the weak solution $(u,\omega,b)$ to the magneto-micropolar fluid flows can be extended beyond time $t=T$, provided if $u_3\in L^{\beta}(0,T;L^{\alpha}({\R}^3))$ with $\f2{\beta}+\f3{\alpha}\leq\f34+\f1{2\alpha},\alpha>\f{10}3$ and $\nabla b\in L^\f{4p}{3(p-2)}(0,T;\dot{M}_{p,q}({\R}^3))$ with $1

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Setting: The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scielo and CENTRAL databases were searched up until August 3, 2020. Studies that included 1) used an RCT design; 2) evaluated the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treating DOMS; and 3) drugs should have been applied after exercise. Participants: Healthy participants who were free of acute or chronic diseases. There were no restrictions regarding the participants’ age, sex, level of activity. Interventions: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Main Outcome Measures: Improvement of late muscle pain. Results: In total, 26 studies (n = 934 participants) were eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis fail to show superiority between the use and non-use of NSAIDs in the improvement of late muscle pain, as statistically significant differences were not verified (21 studies; standard mean difference (SMD)= 0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.58, 0.63; p=0.94; I2=93%). The quality of the synthesized evidence was very low according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and there was significant heterogeneity among the included studies. Conclusion: Use of NSAIDs in the management of DOMS does not appear to be superior to a control condition and/or placebo. However, these interpretations should be analysed with caution since the type of NSAID, dose/response relationship and volume/intensity of the effort made to induce different kinds of muscle damage varied across studies.

Background: Activator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos–JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses. Methods: In vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with β-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease. Results: c-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice. Conclusion: IgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases.

During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, limited data from several countries suggested reduced circulation of seasonal influenza viruses. We applied the moving epidemic method (MEM) to influenza surveillance data from 2016 to 2019 in Bangladesh to estimate an average seasonal influenza curve and establish epidemic thresholds. The 2020 influenza epidemic started 18 weeks later, was 7.5 weeks shorter, and was less intense than the average curve of the four previous years. These findings contribute to a limited but growing body of evidence that influenza seasons were altered globally in 2020.

Background : Acute hemopericardium due to intracoronary heparin has not been identified so far. Methods : A 57-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic and PCI was performed. Pericardial tamponade developed with acute pain after intracoronary 100 u/kg unfractionated heparin(UFH) administration. Pericardiocentesis was performed and the high amount of hemorrhagic fluid was drained. Pericardial leakage could not be stopped despite thrombocyte suspension and fresh frozen plasma infusion. Tranhexamic acid 500 mg and 250 mcg adrenaline were administered to the pericardial space with 50 cc isotonic dilution and curative treatment was obtained. Computed Tomography, USG, echocardiography, and laboratory tests did not reveal any specific findings. Discussion : Twenty-two cases with hemopericardium following 100 U/kg heparin and PCI treatment were published with our case. Heparin was not held responsible for any of these cases, but the given antithrombocyte and thrombolytic agents had been. The common point of all 23 cases with our case is heparin. In our opinion, this phenomenon is a complication of heparin. Conclusion : If there is a chest pain or hemodynamic impairment in the patient after intracoronary heparin, the patient should be followed closely by echocardiography. If pericardial effusion is observed, immediate protamine administration should be made and plasma and platelet suspension should be given. Administration tranexamic acid and adrenaline with 50 cc isotonic infusion into the pericardial space may be considered for curative treatment.

Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) have been recognized as beneficial elements for plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms responsible for the alleviating effects of Si-Se interactions on salt stress are still not clear. In this study, we compared the effects of Si and Se alone and in combination on the growth, sodium (Na) accumulation, photochemical parameters, the net Na+ flux and expression of salt resistance-related genes in maize plants under salt stress. The results showed that the addition of Si and Se significantly mitigated salt toxicity, and an obvious synergistic interaction was found between them. The application of Si and Se protected the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus from salt stress, and no differences were found between single and combined treatments. The combination of Si and Se significantly increased the net Na+ efflux and resulted in decreased Na+ influx in the root meristematic zone. Furthermore, salt stress-responsive genes, including ZmNHX and ZmSOS2, were upregulated under the combined treatment of Si and Se. These results indicate that the synergistic effects of Si and Se against salt stress were caused by the upregulated expression of transporter genes involved in Na+ uptake, exclusion and sequestration into vacuoles in roots.

Introduction: The aim was to analyze intracellular oxidised glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis tests in bacterial sepsis (BS) to evaluate the contribution of oxidative stress to etiopathogenesis. Methods: A total of 92 individuals, including 49 patients and 43 healthy volunteers, were included in the present study. The cases who had high probability of BS criteria defined by Singer et al. and positive blood culture were included in the study. The intracellular oxidised and reduced glutathione and thiol/disulfide homeostasis [total thiol-native thiol-disulfide changes] tests were used in the serum samples of 49 patients. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the results with the control group. Results: When BS and control group were compared, GSH, total glutathione (GSH+GSSG), native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in BS group compared to control group (p<.001). No significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of GSSG levels. CRP, PCT, WBC and RDW levels were significantly higher in BS group than in control group (p<.001). Conclusions: Total thiol and native thiol levels in serum and intracellular glutathione levels decreased in BS. Disrupted intracellular GSH/GSSG and serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis might have effects on BS pathogenesis by increasing oxidative stress.