The THAP (Thanatos-associated protein) domain is a DNA-binding domain which binds DNA via a zinc coordinating C2CH motif. Although THAP domains share a conserved structural fold, they bind different DNA sequences in different THAP proteins, which in turn perform distinct cellular functions. In this study, we investigate (using multiple sequence alignment, in silico motif and secondary structure prediction) THAP domain conservation within the homologs of the human THAP (hTHAP) protein family. We report that there is significant variation in sequence and predicted secondary structure elements across hTHAP homologs. Interestingly, we report that the THAP domain can be either longer or shorter than the conventional 90 residues and the amino terminal C2CH motif within the THAP domain serves as a hotspot for insertion or deletion. Our results lay the foundation for future studies which will further our understanding of the evolution of THAP domain and regulation of its function.

The electrostatically functionalized self-assembled MWCNT (f-MWCNTs) were employed to develop a sensing device to selectively sense most toxic and suffocating gases such as CO and NOx with high sensitivity and repeatability to as low as sub ppm levels. The resistive gas sensor’s operation is primarily based on changes in the electrical resistance of the f-MWCNT network as a result of its selective interaction with the specific target gas in two-pole format. The degree to which the electrical resistance of the sensing film increases or decreases is determined by the concentration of the target gas to which it is exposed. As a result, the target gas can be detected both qualitatively and quantitatively. The sensitivity of 100 ppb and 300 ppb with sensor response time of ~30 s and ~50 s for NOx and CO respectively were recorded using our gas sensor.

The turbulent energy dissipation rate is an important parameter that determines the transfer rates of mass, heat, and momentum. To directly determine the local turbulent dissipation rate, fluctuating velocity gradients have to be measured down to the Kolmogorov length scale. This paper compares three different methods, namely, correlation method, optical flow method, and hybrid method, in the evaluation of velocity fields, which are subsequently used to calculate the turbulent dissipation rate. An instantaneous flow field of homogeneous isotropic turbulence from DNS results is used as a benchmark. It is shown that the hybrid method performs better in both velocity field evaluation and local turbulent dissipation rate estimation compared to the other two methods. This is because the hybrid method combines the advantages of the correlation method in achieving a stable averaged velocity field and the optical flow method in achieving pixel-level resolution measurement of the flow field.

An effective kinetic modelling for catalyst preparation process of biodiesel preparation experiments has been proposed in this study. Development of kinetic modelling for catalyst synthesis process is verified by two sample examples like calcination of raw eggshells and calcination of calcium aluminate (Impregnation of alumina (Al2O3) with calcined eggshells). Development of kinetic modelling for catalyst synthesis process of biodiesel production experiments will be more useful to determine at what rate the catalyst decomposition takes place during its preparation. Identification of reaction rate constant in prior will be more helpful in determining the selectivity of the catalyst chosen. It is observed from this study that for any catalyst synthesis process of biodiesel preparation experiments a complete kinetic modelling can be derived easily as proposed.

ABSTRACT: To improve the chromatographic column’s separation efficiency, selectivity, and stability, small particle filler has become the new development direction of liquid chromatography packing. Since the enantiomers have the same chemical and physical properties, the separation of the enantiomers can only be carried out in a chiral environment. Therefore, the chromatographic technique using chiral stationary phases has become the preferred method for chiral separation. In this paper, a small particle size chiral stationary phase: p-methylphenyl urea-β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase (SiO2@PMPU-β-CD) was prepared for the rapid separation of chiral drugs. First, three kinds of 2 μm C18-modified silica microspheres with mesoporous structure, non-porous structure, and core-shell structure were prepared. Then applied to High Performance Liquid Chromatography to separate the four benzene homologues of uracil, benzene, fluorene, and naphthalene, the C18-modified mesoporous silica microspheres had the best separation effect.

Background: Asparaginase is one of the essential chemotherapies used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Asparaginase antibody production may cause a subtherapeutic level and result in an inferior outcome. Methods: Prospective study of asparaginase activity among patients who received native E.coli asparaginase 10,000 IU/m2 according to ThaiPOG ALL protocol. The asparaginase activity is measured by the coupled enzymatic reaction. Pharmacokinetic data includeding peak activity (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), area under the curve (AUC0-48h) being elucidated. Results: Eight patients (five males and three females), median age 9.5 years, were enrolled. The median asparaginase activity of seven cases who are eligible for calculation reached Tmax within 24 hours (range 6-48 hours) with mean Cmax 3.60±0.34 (range 3.02-4.11) IU/ml. Mean AUC0-48h is 143.23±36.94 IU.h/mL (range 71.07 – 180.12 IU.h/mL). The post-48-hour activity showed a mean of 3.19±0.24 IU/ml (range 2.77-3.51 IU/ml) which implied an adequacy of activity over 48 hours and proper for the 12-day period. One relapsed ALL patient showed an extremely low AUC of asparaginase activity which coincided with urticaria after asparaginase injection. Subsequently, the asparaginase antibody was demonstrated in this patient. Conclusion: Native E. coli asparaginase-based protocol provides a compelling pharmacokinetic effect. Plasma asparaginase activity and antibody testing are recommended for a relapsed patient or a suspected allergic reaction to the asparaginase. Patients with low asparaginase activity may benefit from switching to an alternative form of asparaginase to maintain treatment efficacy.

Background Using network pharmacology，systematicly reveals the Mechanisms of Radix Isatidis in the therapy of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-2019）. Methods The active components and targets of Radix Isatidis were obtained by searching the Batman, TCMSP, and SwissTargetPrediction databases, and COVID-19 related targets were searched through Genecards, Drugbank, and Malacards database. After that, we used String database to establish protein-protein interaction, using David database to conduct enrichment analysis of gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. The molecular docking was performed using ChemOffice, PyMOL, and Auto Dock software. Result A total of 73 active ingredients and 1584 related gene targets of Radix Isatidis were screened from kinds of databases while 559 gene targets of COVID-19 were picked out. Among them, there are 70 of the same targets. According to the GO enrichment analysis(P≤0.01), 35 of them belong to biological process, 13 of them belong to cell component, and 14 of them belong to molecular function. And for KEGG analysis, 22 pathways were obtained(P≤0.01), including PI3K − Akt signaling pathway andHIF − 1 signaling pathway. Conclusions Radix Isatidis may act on the PI3K − Akt signaling pathway and HIF−1 signaling pathway Through direct or indirect regulation of the above goals and ways to play role in the therapy of COVID-19

Objective: While the coronavirus persists marginally for ninety-five percent of the infected case count, the remaining five percent have been placed in a critical or vital condition. This study investigates to design an intelligent model that predicts the disease severity level by modeling the relationships between the severity of COVID-19 infection and the various demographic/clinical characteristics of individuals. Material and Methods: A public dataset of a cross-sectional study included the demographic and symptomatological characteristics of 223 COVID-19 patients. The dataset was randomly divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) datasets. During training, the class imbalance problem was solved, and the related factors with the COVID-19 severity were selected using the evolutionary method supported by a genetic algorithm. Neural Network (NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), QUEST algorithms together with confidence weighted voting, voting, and highest confidence wins strategies (HCWS) were constructed, and the predictive power of models was evaluated by performance metrics. Results: Of the individual models, the NN model outperformed SVM and QUEST algorithms based on the performance metrics in the training and testing datasets. However, ensemble approaches gave better predictions as compared to the individual models regarding all the evaluation metrics. Conclusions: The proposed voting ensemble model outperforms other ensemble and individual machine learning approaches for the severity prediction of COVID-19 disease. The proposed ensemble learning model can be integrated into web or mobile applications in classifying the severity of COVID-19 for clinical decision support.

Background: Magnesium oxide is proposed to be effective in prevention of nephrotoxic impact of carboplatin therapy. The aim was to evaluate the magnesium oxide supplementation effect on serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cancerous children. Methods: 18 children were treated with 250 mg/day magnesium oxide and other 18 children with placebo for 14 days before onset of carboplatin chemotherapy based on the routine protocols in oncology. Serum creatinine (Cr), BUN and GFR were measured and compared before, on day 3 and 7 of magnesium carboplatin therapy. Results: There were 7 (38.89%) and 12 (66.67%) male patients in treatment and control groups, respectively. Serum Cr and BUN were increased significantly 3 and 7 days after intervention in both groups. There was an insignificant difference for serum Cr and BUN between treatment and control groups before intervention, 3 days or 7 days after carboplatin administration onset (p> 0.05). The GFR was reduced significantly from 101.38±14.67 to 90.11±10.52 mL/min/1.73m² in treatment and from 97.5±9.71 to 92.33±10.61 mL/min/1.73m² in control group. After 7 days the GFR was reduced to 84.11±12.47 mL/min/1.73m² in treatment and 85.38±10.66 mL/min/1.73m² in control group (p= 0.371). Conclusion: Current study shows that magnesium supplementation did not prevent carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in cancerous children. Anyway, we propose magnesium oxide supplementation for such patients considering this fact that magnesium in an essential element for cell and tissue growth, maintenance and metabolism.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is well described in children and commonly associated to recent viral infections. We present a 15-year-old male and a 3.5-year-old female with ITP secondary to COVID-19. Both patients presented with bruises, epistaxis and low platelet count. Both were successfully treated with a single dose of intravenous immunoglobulin. They had a history of asymptomatic (the first) and mild (the second), molecularly confirmed, COVID-19 infection three and five weeks prior to thrombocytopenia respectively, raising the possibility of a causal association between SAR-COV-2 and ITP. This linkage is rare and remains a field to be further explored.

Due to the increased life of marine structures in the world, repair and maintenance of low cost and high reliability are of concern in this industry. In this paper, the corrosion-induced crack width of reinforced concrete (RC) structure in the marine environment is estimated according to the experimental data, laboratory results, and numerical formulas. Symptom-based Weibull function distribution and Bayesian theory have been used to predict the structural reliability in different modes (without repair and maintenance, with maintenance, and with repair and maintenance). Bi-objective optimization was utilized to provide the client with optimal decisions regarding the probability of structural failure as well as the type of repair and maintenance strategies. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method in predicting performance, improving life service, and optimizing repair and maintenance costs of the marine structure.

Background Intramural ectopic pregnancy（IMP）is an uncommon type of ectopic pregnancy and can be life-threatening if misdiagnosed. Thus, early diagnosis and management are required. However, due to its rarity, there was no suggested algorithm for this rare disorder. Methods We conducted a case-control study and discuss multiple treatments and risk factors of IMP. Chi-square test, contingency table methods and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate. Results Only 2.4% of patients have a low level of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (less than 10mIU/ml). 184(73.02%) of patients have been misdiagnosed. The rate of accurate initial diagnosis may be increased using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The majority of patients underwent surgery (89.68%). Approximately one-tenth of patients can be successfully treated by pharmacotherapy. The history of dilatation and curettage (OR = 4.42 95% CI 2.97-6.59, P＜0.001), history of tubal surgery (OR = 4.17 95% CI 2.27-7.68 P< 0.001), cesarean section (OR = 5.66 95% CI 1.99-16.05 P=0.001) and intrauterine devices (IUD)(OR = 6.04 95% CI 2.46-14.80 P< 0.001) were significant risk factors for IMP. Conclusion Patients at gestation age should be evaluated thoroughly even with the normal HCG level, to avoid a delayed diagnosis of pregnancy-related disorders like IMP. Diagnosis may be increased using MRI and Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). After a thorough evaluation, drug therapy can be a treatment choice; however, conservative surgery appears safer and more effective. Risk factors should be comprehensively considered to help to reduce the incidence of IMP and to increase diagnosis rate.

Objective: To evaluate whether marijuana use in reproductive age women is associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Ten underserved clinics in New York City, NY. Population: All women of reproductive age (15-45 years old) who presented with a complaint of vaginal discharge from January 1st- December 31st, 2019 and subsequently diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: The cohort was divided based on whether they met criteria for recurrent bacterial vaginosis, defined as three or more separate positive vaginal cultures with Gardnerella vaginalis in a year. Descriptive statistics were used to compare both groups in terms of sociodemographic and medical history. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Main outcome measures: Compare between marijuana users and non-users the odds of developing recurrent BV. Results Of 4,752 women who presented with a complaint of a vaginal discharge, 1,380 (29.04%) had bacterial vaginosis and of those, 5.8% met the criteria for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Marijuana use had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.98 for recurrent bacterial vaginosis by multiple logistic regression analysis (95% CI [1.15- 3.34]). Non-Hispanic women had increased odds of developing recurrent bacterial vaginosis compared to Hispanic women (adjusted odds ratio 1.79; 95% CI [1.07- 2.92]). Conversely, increase in age was associated with a slightly decreased likelihood of developing recurrent bacterial vaginosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.95; 95% CI [0.92- 0.98]). Conclusion Reproductive age women who self-report the use of marijuana have twice the odds of developing recurrent BV.

Objective In women with endometrial hyperplasia or stage 1A cancer, fertility-sparing treatment using progestin therapy is known to be safe and effective. International recommendations advise the use of megestrol acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. However, chlormadinone acetate has fewer adverse effects and can be used in patients at high vascular risk. In the present prospective study, we aimed to confirm that the efficiency of 6 months chlormadinone acetate administration to obtain remission of atypical hyperplasia or stage 1A endometrial carcinoma is comparable to that of the use of other fertility-sparing treatments. Design A prospective, observational study. Setting Nationwide France PREFERE prospective registry. Population Women with endometrial hyperplasia or stage 1A cancer willing to preserve their fertility Methods All patients received three or six months of chlormadinone acetate and were evaluated by hysteroscopic resection and pipelle sampling every three months. Main outcome measure Complete remission rate. Results Ninety-four patients were included. Seventy-nine patients achieved complete remission at 6 months (84%). No patients stopped treatment due to a lack of tolerance. Twenty-four percent of the patients achieved a live birth during a twenty-eight months follow up. Conclusion Chlormadinone acetate is an effective and well-tolerated fertility-sparing treatment. Its benefits over other progestins is its tolerability, and its absence of contraindications which makes chlormadinone acetate a good choice for patients with thromboembolism and high vascular risk.

Objectives The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends induction of labour (IOL) for low risk pregnancy from 41+0 gestational weeks (GW). Nevertheless, in Sri Lanka IOL at 40 GW is common practice. This study aimed to compare maternal/newborn outcomes after IOL versus spontaneous onset of labour (SOL) at 40 GW (IOL40) and 41 GW (IOL41). Design Observational study. Setting De Soysa Teaching Hospital for Women, Colombo, the largest maternity hospital in Sri Lanka. Population Low risk pregnancies at 40 or 41 GW. Methods Data from a routine prospective individual patient database were analysed. IOL and SOL groups were compared using logistic regression. Main Outcome Measures Births with one or more negative maternal/newborn outcome/s; maternal/newborn complications; caesarean section (CS); operative vaginal delivery. Results Of 13670 deliveries, 2359 (17.4%) were singleton and low risk at 40 or 41 GW. Of these, 456 (19.3%) women underwent IOL40, 318 (13.5%) IOL41, and 1585 (67.2%) SOL. Both IOL40 and IOL41 were associated with an increased risk of any maternal/newborn negative outcomes (OR=2.21, 95%CI=1.75-2.77, p<0.001 and OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.47-2.48, p<0.001 respectively), maternal complications (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.71-2.77, p<0.001 and OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.78-3.07, p<0.001 respectively) and CS (OR=2.75, 95%CI=2.07-3.65, p<0.001 and OR=3.01, 95%CI=2.21-4.12, p<0.001 respectively). Results did not change in secondary and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Both IOL groups were associated with higher risk of negative outcomes compared to SOL. These findings, though potentially explained by selection bias, local IOL protocols and CS practices, are valuable for the Sri Lankan context, particularly given contradictory findings from other settings.

Objective: To investigate how 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results can be used to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting and sample: Single-center with 1,059 pregnant women Main outcome measures: A composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth, macrosomia, large for gestational age, low “appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration” score at 1 min, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: We compared the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes according to OGTT patterns by latent profile analysis (LPA), numbers to meet the OGTT criteria, and area under the curve (AUC) of the OGTT graph. Results: Overall, 257 participants were diagnosed with GDM, with a median age of 34 years. An LPA led to three different clusters of OGTT patterns, however, there were no significant associations between the clusters and adverse pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Notwithstanding, the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome increased with an increase in number to meet the OGTT criteria (p for trend = 0.011); odds ratios in a full adjustment model were 1.27 (0.72–2.23), 2.16 (1.21–3.85), and 2.32 (0.66–8.15) in those meeting the 2, 3, and 4 criteria, respectively. The AUCs of the OGTT curves also distinguished the patients at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; the larger the AUC, the higher the risk (p for trend = 0.007). Conclusions: The total number of abnormal values and calculated AUCs for the 100-g OGTT may facilitate precise management of patients with GDM by predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The widespread use of images of the SARS-CoV-2 establishes a visual brand for the virus and helps raise public awareness; yet some of these images can evoke disgust among viewers and polarize their fear along lines of existing feelings toward the disease. This study selected 21 images of SARS-Cov-2 produced by the CDC, NIAID, and third-party illustrators with varying visual appearance. Using an experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N=500), we found that the images evoking the highest level of disgust backfire among who are least concerned about COVID and cause less fear than visually pleasing images.

Introduction On the verge of vaccination, the most pressing issue seems to be vaccine hesitancy. In this era of communication, Bangladeshi people may have pre-determined concerns about receiving the vaccines. Accordingly, our study attempted to understand belief, attitude, and intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine among the country’s adult population. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in all eight divisions of Bangladesh. Seven thousand three hundred fifty-seven data were collected from the adult population between January 17 and February 2, 2021, by structured questionnaires. Statistical software STATA (Version 16.1) and R (Version 4.0) programming language were used for all analyses. Results Although most of the study participants were from Dhaka division (n=2,519, 34.24%), a minimum involvement of 500 participants was ensured from each division during this study. The most common age group was ≤30 years (n=3,394, 46.18%). Almost two thirds of respondents were male (n=4,819, 65.50%) and married (n= 4,985, 67.76%). A large portion (79.85%) of people who had positive vaccine intentions believed that vaccination should be made mandatory for everyone. The majority of the respondents believed that the vaccine would work against COVID-19 infection (n=4,954, 67%). PCA and FA analyzed the association of vaccine acceptance and various socio-demographic factors. Conclusion Our study evaluated the belief, attitude, and intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in Bangladesh and found some strong discussion points. The results of this study can boost vaccination programs by providing essential insights.

Background: Seasonal influenza infection is a major challenge in public health. Previous studies have shown that the timing of seasonal influenza epidemics varies with latitude, indicating that meteorological and environmental conditions are involved in the spread of influenza. We sought to investigate the link between the onset of influenza and meteorological factors in Gansu Province, to build an accurate forecasting model. Methods: We conducted time series analysis based on selected weather variables and influenza incidence data from 2006 to 2016 in Gansu Province. First, the cross-correlation function (CCF) was applied to explore the correlation between meteorological variables and influenza incidence. Then, a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model with additional covariates (SARIMAX) was performed to fit and predict influenza incidence. Results: After fitting the SARIMAX model, minimum temperature at lag 1 (β = −0.067, P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval: −0.119, −0.015) was negatively associated with loginfluenza incidence. SARIMAX (1, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1)12 with minimum temperature at lag 1 was the optimal model, with good prediction accuracy. Conclusions: Meteorological factors showed different effects on influenza incidence in Gansu Province. Our results verify the idea that climate is an important factor in the spread of influenza. Keywords: influenza; meteorological factor; time series; SARIMAX; Gansu Province

Background Bioconvection is a familiar phenomenon of fluid mechanics which explains the hydrodynamic unsteadiness and suspensions of upward swimming microorganisms. Hydrodynamic unsteadiness is due to coupling in physical properties such as fluid flows and density of microorganisms. Gyrotactic unsteadiness occurs when microorganisms are more dense than fluid. Microorganisms are very small creatures and cannot be perceived with the naked eye. Aim and Scope The main purpose of this research is to highlight the concept of the Nanofluid flow over the surface of Riga by the influence of microbes and to solve this scheme numerically by applying the convection conditions. One of the main aims is to study the useful effects of swirling microorganisms passing through the microfluidic on the surface of Riga, by adopting the Powell-Eyring model. Riga plates are used to complete turbulent impact and avoid boundary layer separation. Methodology The swirling microorganisms and Riga plates are used to mathematically process the flow of nanofluids under the influence of chemical reactions and convection conditions. Nanofluids are usually made of nanoparticles, such as metal carbide Sic, oxide ceramic Al_2 O_3, nitride-ALN and metal graphite. The shooting method is used to solve the obtained differential equations. Results For different values of Powell-Eyring parameter and modified Hartmann number, the wall shear stress shows both an increase and a decrease. It is observed that the spectrum of moving microorganisms shows the decreasing behavior gainst Peclet number and the biological convection Lewis number parameters.

Objectives To compare the characteristics of tidal breathing lung function in infants with wheezing and non-wheezing pneumonia. Methods We retrospectively compared 86 infants with wheezing pneumonia (wheezing group) and 27 infants with non-wheezing pneumonia (control group), whose tidal breathing lung function and bronchodilator tests were performed after admission. Demographic and clinical data, differences in tidal breathing lung function and bronchodilator test, and correlations between clinical data and tidal breathing lung function indicators were analysed. Results Compared to the control group, it was significant higher in both the level of PTEF/TEF25 of tidal breathing lung function (162.4 vs 143.3, P=0.037)and the positive rate of abnormal airway obstruction(23.3% vs 44.4%, P=0.033) in the wheezing group. After bronchodilator test, the positive remission rates of TEF50/TIF50 and TEF50 was significantly higher in the wheezing group(53.5% vs 29.6%, P=0.03 and 58.1% vs 33.3%, P=0.024, respectively). Besides, RR, VT, PEF, and TEF25, TEF50, TEF75 of tidal breathing lung function were closely correlations to infants’ age, height, weight, and platelet counts in both wheezing and control groups. Conclusion Airway obstruction was very serious in infants’ wheezing pneumonia which can be partially improved by nebulisation with bronchodilator. Tidal breathing lung function was helpful for understanding the condition of airway, and monitoring disease progression in children with lung disease particularly in wheezing pneumonia.

Cognitive ability is defined as a mechanism that animals acquire, process, store, and act based on the information they have received from the environment. The process includes perception, acquisition, memorization, and decision making. In other words, the brain is the most important center of cognitive processing, which has undergone many changes in structure, size, neuronal pathways, effective hormones, etc. In this paper, we reviewed data on the role and effect of these factors on different groups of invertebrates and vertebrates. Also, it has been reviewed how they are involved in cognitive processes. The brain size and the density of the neurons vary noticeably across invertebrates and vertebrates clades. It seems the evolution of brain size is firmly correlated to the evolution of cognition. Generally, species with larger brains and more neurons demonstrated more complex cognitive behaviors except in certain taxa. Besides, hormonal-mediated events have a crucial role in the central nervous system. It shows the changes in cognitive function correlate with different kinds of hormones and chemicals. We provided an insight into the interrelationship between different telencephalon regions and cognitive functions. We compared how different areas in the brain change the cognitive abilities in different clades of animals, including invertebrates and vertebrates taxa. Also, we reviewed invertebrates' nervous systems in a separate section because of the substantial discrepancy.

We study a new Jerk equation involving three fractional derivatives and anti periodic conditions. By Banach contraction principle, we present an existence and uniqueness result for the considered problem. Then, by applications of Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, another result for the existence of at least one solution is established. Also, An illustrative example is discussed. At the end, an approximation for Caputo derivaitive is proposed and some chaotic behaviours are discussed by means of the Runge Kutta 4th order method.

Salinity stress poses a significant risk to agricultural yield and productivity. Therefore, elucidation of plant salt-response mechanisms has become essential to identify stress-tolerance genes. In the present study, two pearl millet genotypes with contrasting salt-tolerance showed differential morpho-physiological and proteomic responses under 150 mM NaCl, and the genotype IC 325825 could withstand salt-stress better than IP 17224. The salt-tolerance potential of IC 325825 was associated with its ability to maintain ionic, osmotic balance and membrane integrity under stress. The IC 325825 exhibited better growth under salinity as compared to IP 17224 due to higher expression of C4 photosynthesis enzymes, efficient antioxidant system, and lower Na+/K+ ratio. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed greater metabolic perturbation in IP 17224 under salinity, in contrast to IC 325825 that harboured pro-active stress-responsive machinery, allowing its survival and better adaptability under salt-stress. The differentially-expressed proteins were in-silico characterized for their functions, subcellular-localization, pathway/ interaction analysis, and relative transcript levels. This study has provided novel insights into salinity stress adaptive mechanisms in pearl millet, demonstrating the power of proteomics-based approaches. The critical proteins identified in the present study could be further explored as potential objects for increasing salt-tolerance in sensitive crop plants.