Juvenile growth rate is a critical demographic parameter, as it shortens time to maturity and often dictates how long individuals remain vulnerable to predation. However, developing a mechanistic understanding of the factors determining growth rates can be difficult for wild populations. The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is an ecosystem engineer threatened by habitat loss and deficient management of pinelands in the southeastern United States. We investigated the factors governing immature gopher tortoise growth and explored use of drone-based imagery for habitat assessment by comparing predictive models based on ground-based plant surveys versus drone-derived data. From 2021-2022, we tracked and measured immature tortoises in native sandhill and human-modified, ruderal habitat in south-central Florida. Using quarterly, high-resolution drone imagery, we quantified plant cover types and vegetation indices at each occupied burrow, and measured frequency of occurrence of forage species by hand. Annual growth rates of immature tortoises in ruderal habitat were higher than those in sandhill and were the highest published for this species. Models based on drone-derived data were able to explain similar proportions of variation in growth as ground-collected measures of forage, especially during the late dry season when both types of models were most predictive. Habitat differences in forage nitrogen content were also more pronounced during this season, when dominant ground cover in ruderal habitat (bahiagrass) had much higher nitrogen content than dominant ground cover in sandhill (wiregrass). Despite concerns about potential growth-survival trade-offs, tortoises in ruderal habitat did not exhibit lower apparent survival. Our findings indicate that habitat dominated by nutritious non-native grass can provide a valuable supplement to native sandhill through the mechanism of increased growth rates due to higher forage quality. Finally, our study demonstrates that drone technology may facilitate management by providing less labor-intensive ways to assess habitat quality for this and other imperiled herbivores.

A document by Akilahmad Sheikh. Click on the document to view its contents.

Geographic heterogeneous of both species-environment and inter-specific relationships play important roles in shaping the ecological characteristics of wildlife habitat selection and population distribution. However, how geographic heterogeneous affect the distribution of a target species in predator-prey systems, especially in human-dominated landscapes, is still unclear. Based on line transect survey and monitoring network, this study examined the spatial heterogeneity of habitat selection of Amur tiger and leopard, as large carnivores, and their main ungulate prey, wild boar and roe deer, in Northeast China, by applying logistic Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in conjunction with global logistic regression (GLM). Our results suggested that, the geographic heterogeneity effects of habitat factors on the habitat selection of target species are manifested in the intensity and trends of the heterogeneous effects. Furthermore, ungulate prey exhibit preferences for particular types of habitats, subsequently promoting the distribution patterns of large felids. Our findings highlight the significance of spatial non-stationarity in ungulate prey habitat selections, and this may be the key to promoting large carnivores adapting to habitats around roads and reducing habitat isolation and reduction caused by road avoidance of ungulates.

A document by Mica Magembe. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Rui-Qi Yang. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Zeynep Ertemür. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: The American cockroach ( Periplaneta Americana, CraA) is a strong risk factor for allergic sensitization and asthma morbidity. Molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated termites are social cockroaches specialized in feeding on plant materials. We hypothesized that termite allergies may be misdiagnosed as cockroach allergies due to cross-reactivity in routine clinical tests. Herein, we defined the allergenic cross-reaction between CraA and termites and determined the clinical significance of termite allergies. Methods: Protein extracts from the three major castes (alate, soldier, and worker) of two termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, and C. gestroi, were prepared for skin prick test and IgE immunoblotting with human subjects. Results: Of the 16 termite-exposed subjects, nine (56%) had a positive immediate skin reaction to C. formosanus or C. gestroi, but only two individuals were reactive to CraA. Among the termite-allergic subjects, 8 had rhinitis and one had dermatitis, which manifested as itchy eczematous skin rashes. Immunoblotting revealed 7 allergenic components could bind specific-IgE antibodies in 8 termite-allergic patients. The major allergens of 30/32-, 43-, and 70-kDa were Copt f 7, Copt f 9, and Copt f 3 by immunoblot inhibitions. Antibodies against Per a 3, Per a 4, and Per a 6 recognized bands in both extracts of cockroach and alate termites, indicating a more similar gene expression between alate termites and cockroaches compared to worker and soldier castes. Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of recognizing termites as a novel indoor allergenic source and the necessity for further research to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

In this research, we introduce the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) as an innovative approach for approximating transient linear bio-thermoelasticity in skin tissues, addressing the complex interplay between thermal and elastic effects under three distinct shock conditions. Our study demonstrates significant potential for clinical applications, providing a framework for precise measurement and optimization of therapeutic parameters. Through a comprehensive parametric analysis, we explore temperature distribution and displacement profiles within tissue, emphasizing the impact of coupling parameters and perfusion rates. Notably, our findings reveal the cooling effects induced by perfusion under both coupled and uncoupled scenarios and highlight the variability of thermal responses based on the coupling parameter. This research contributes to the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering, offering novel insights into haemodynamics problems using FPM and paving the way for advancements in medical technology and therapeutic strategies.

Aim: To comprehensively evaluate the toxicity spectrum of taxanes from the perspective of clinical trials and the real world. Method: Pooled analyses were performed to estimate incidences of adverse events (AEs) with random-effect models after searching databases. Reports of AEs were obtained from the US Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and positive signals were quantified by conducting disproportionality analysis. Results: A total of 7 formulations were analyzed in this study with 36 clinical trials involving 10828 patients and 58835 case reports from FAERS. Leukopenia (59.69%, 95% confidence interval 41.34-75.69) and neutropenia (29.69%, 23.31-36.99) ranked first among all grades and severe AEs, respectively. Alopecia had the highest estimated incidences of non-hematological AEs regardless of grades. Paclitaxel has identified 561 positive signals while its AEs were not the most severe. Docetaxel had the least signals but alopecia and depression had quantified several signals. The estimated incidences of nab-paclitaxel were higher than other formulations, especially neutropenia (46.53%, 35.01-58.42). Conclusion: The safety of nab-paclitaxel was beyond expectation and unusual signals of alopecia and depression of docetaxel need to be paid attention to. Most common AEs in clinical trials also had positive signals in FAERS, indicating consistency between premarket and postmarket studies.

This study established a prediction model for the severity of COVID-19 by analyzing NKG2A + NK cells incorporating laboratory indicators in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. By classifying patients based on disease severity, we identified nine key laboratory indicators significantly associated with disease progression: WBC, N, L, NLR, PDW, D-D, CRP, LDH, and IL-6. Through correlation matrix and random forest models, CRP, IL-6, LDH, NLR, L, and D-D were identified as key indicators for the baseline prediction model. Age-stratified analysis revealed that patients over 80 years old have higher inflammation and thrombotic risk. Further stratification by comorbidities and APACHE-II scores confirmed the significance of these six indicators in different patient subgroups. In addition, analysis showed that severe patients had higher levels of NKG2A + NK cells, correlating with decreased lymphocytes and increased NLR, D-D, LDH, CRP, and IL-6. Adding NKG2A + NK cells to the prediction model improved its AUC value. This was validated in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, where blocking NKG2A enhanced NKG2D + NK cell activity, In summary, NKG2A + NK cells incorporating laboratory indicators as a key predictive indicator highlight its potential for improving patient stratification and targeted therapeutic strategies.

Glycosylation, a significant form of post-translational modification (PTM) in organisms, is aberrantly expressed in cancer due to altered glycosyltransferase activity. Studies have shown specific changes in glycan structures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. This study analyzed glycans in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and found a significant reduction in glycans containing the bisecting-GlcNAc structure. Further investigation revealed that reduced expression of β-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT3) downregulates epithelial markers, promoting EMT. Additionally, we observed a notable downregulation of both mRNA and protein expression of Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) in early-stage LUAD, with FOXA2 loss emerging as an adverse prognostic indicator. Cellular models demonstrated that FOXA2 deficiency decreased MGAT3 expression during TGF-β1-driven EMT, leading to reduced levels of bisecting-GlcNAc N-glycans in LUAD cells. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism underlying the downregulation of MGAT3 and bisecting GlcNAc N-glycan expression during EMT, a process crucial for tumor metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the trend in preterm birth (PTB) rates and the influence of several potential maternal risk factors on PTB in Italy from January 2018 to December 2022, before and after COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Population-based study covering 86.11% of all Italian births. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to examine the PTB trend. Using Poisson regressions, we assessed the associations (risk ratio, RR) of potential risk factors with PTB and calculated their population impact fractions (PIFs). Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes included the temporal trends of PTB rates before and after the pandemic, and the change during the pandemic. Secondary outcomes involved the associations of potential risk factors with PTB rates, and PIFs. Results: We observed a monthly decrease in PTB rate until July 2020 [-0.2% (95% CI: -0.3; -0.1)], followed by an interruption with an abrupt drop of -5% in July 2020 (95% CI: -7.3; -2.7). From August 2020 until December 2022 the trend remained flat (-0.02%, 95% CI: -0.5; 0.5). Among studied risk factors, low maternal education, unemployment and foreign nationality were associated with PTB [RR: 1.14 (95% CI: 1.04;1.24), 1.08 (1.05;1.12), and 1.17 (1.14;1.21), respectively], and showed a decreasing trend after pandemics; the impact (PIFs) on PTB rates was modest with a decrease between 2.4 and 4.2‰ PTB. Conclusions: We confirmed a decrease in PTB rates before and during the pandemic described also in other European countries. In Italy, post-pandemic PTB trend remained flat. Socioeconomic risk factors for PTB only marginally explained this pattern. Tweetable abstract In Italy, the decrease in preterm births before and during COVID-19 stopped after the pandemic; the impact of socio-economic disparities was minimal

Malnutrition during the peri-transplantation period is known to result in negative outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The nutritional risk index (NRI) which is a simple index calculated using serum albumin levels and body weight (BW) ratio (current BW/ideal BW) has been reported be to a prognostic factor in adult HCT. However, its usefulness in pediatric HCT setting remain unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of the NRI before allo-HCT on outcomes in pediatric patients. We found that poor nutritional status before pediatric HCT led to a worse prognosis, including NRM.

Large language models (LLMs) have been touted to enable increased productivity in many areas of today’s work life. Scientific research as an area of work is no exception: the potential of LLM-based tools to assist in the daily work of scientists has become a highly discussed topic across disciplines. However, we are only at the very onset of this subject of study. It is still unclear how the potential of LLMs will materialise in research practice. With this study, we give first empirical evidence on the use of LLMs in the research process. We have investigated a set of use cases for LLM-based tools in scientific research, and conducted a first study to assess to which degree current tools are helpful. In this paper we report specifically on use cases related to software engineering; specifically, on generating application code and developing scripts for data analytics and visualisation. While we studied seemingly simple use cases, results across tools differ significantly. Our results highlight the promise of LLM-based tools in general, yet we also observe various issues, particularly regarding the integrity of the output these tools provide.

The small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis), which is among the most important fishery resources in the northwestern Pacific, is distributed in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS). Although many studies have analyzed effective measures for managing L. polyactis, its population structure differs depending on the type of marker. To resolve such discrepancies among markers, we analyzed the population structure of 48 L. polyactis individuals collected from three locations in the YS (off Yeonpyeong-do and Yeonggwang, Korea, and Dandong, China) and one location in the northern ECS (off Jeju Island, Korea) using multiplexed intersimple sequence repeat genotyping. A total of 58,340,434 raw reads were obtained, and 42,587,565 were identified after filtering. Phylogenetic analysis using 88,672 SNPs revealed a great distance between two Dandong individuals and individuals from the remaining locations. Two other Dandong individuals also showed slight separation. The results of structural analysis based on 3,996 SNPs demonstrated an optimal ∆K for K = 5. Three of the five genotypes appeared in all locations, and two genotypes were identified only in four individuals from Dandong. These results suggested that there may be five populations of L. polyactis from YS and ECS: two populations with limited distributions in the northern YS, and three populations tending to mix across northern YS and northern ECS (58.3-75.0%), with some showing hybridization (16.7-58.3%). Therefore, joint management between Korea and China is required for L. polyactis, and a separate policy in each country is required for the protection of local spawning grounds.

Introduction of large amounts of seeds is essential for restoration of temperate grasslands and is often regulated by seed transfer zones. These zones are commonly derived from abiotic parameters only. In order to evaluate seed zones as a means for the protection of genetic diversity and to avoid potential detrimental effects such as maladaptation and homogenisation of seed transfer within zones, empirical data on spatial genetic structure is paramount. Here, we focussed on Galium album, a widespread perennial grassland species, which we thoroughly sampled on average once per 25 km x 25 km in all of Germany. Based on 9,403 SNP loci, we described the genetic structure using Bayesian clustering. We identified four spatially coherent genetic clusters that were rarely congruent with the current seed zones. Therefore, current zone-based seed transfer potentially distorts and homogenises some spatial differentiation. Yet, we found significant isolation-by-distance among seed zones, showing that they still reflect a substantial part of spatial genetic differentiation. Seed transfer practice is challenged by climate change that shifts adaptive requirements for populations. We conducted redundancy analysis (RDA)-based genotype-environment association (GEA) analysis, and assessed necessary genomic turnover to maintain current levels of adaptation (temporal genomic offset). The resulting patterns suggest that climate change might impose a risk for regional adaptation in parts of Southern and Central Germany. We found that targeted assisted migration across seed zone borders might in some cases mitigate the most adverse GEA disruptions in seed zones that do not harbour suitable donor material themselves.

Background: Family doctor contract services are essential to primary healthcare, significantly improving older adults’ health. However, contract rates among older individuals are various. Investigating factors influencing these rates is crucial for optimizing policies and enhancing contract rates. Methods: This study used 2018 data from Wangying Community Health Service Center, encompassing 8,625 older adults. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance potential confounders between those with and without contracts. Multiple logistic regression analysis explored the effects of gender, age, the number of medical visits, and the number of chronic diseases on contracting behavior. Results: Gender did not significantly impact contracting behavior. However, age, the number of medical visits, and the number of chronic diseases significantly influenced it ( β = 0.457, p < 0.01; β = 0.286, p < 0.05; β = -0.229, p < 0.1). An inverted U-shaped relationship was found between age and contracting behavior ( β = -0.003, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Age, the number of medical visits, and number of chronic diseases are key factors in family doctor contracting behavior among older adults. Enhanced policy support is needed to promote contract signing, improving health security for older individuals.

Microscopic epibionts are important components of an intertidal ecosystem. However, because the epibionts are established on habitats provided by basibiont (host) organisms, the epibionts are affected by both the characteristics of basibionts and the environmental conditions on the shore. Here, we hypothesized that variations in the epibiont community were affected by the mobility, size, and surface roughness of the basibiont organisms, and environmental conditions during a one-month period in spring. Epibionts growing on 16 basibiont species belonging to Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Polyplacophora and Echinoidea, as well as those that had settled on plastic objects were collected from a rocky shore in Niigata, Japan. Most epibionts collected were diatoms, and the highest epibiont density was recorded on the surfaces of the limpet Cellana toreuma. The epibiont community changed significantly from April to May, and was also shaped by the characteristics of the basibionts. The results indicated that basibionts with sessile, large, or smooth surfaces had higher taxonomic richness, Simpson diversity, and epibiont density than those with mobile, small, or rough surfaces. Multivariate analysis of the epibiont community confirmed the importance of these basibiont characteristics and the survey month. Six groups of epibiont community were identified based on their contrasting sample communities, and each had their own indicator species. The results indicate that both environmental changes from April to May and changes in basibiont species promote changes in the epibiont community in this coastal region.

Objective Women formulate varying perceptions of obstetric interventions, examinations and other aspects of care such as birth positions. Our study explored women’s perception formation during childbirth in order to better understand factors that influence whether an obstetric situation is experienced as obstetric violence. Design Grounded theory study of 12 narrative interviews. Setting German obstetric hospital wards Participants 12 mothers who gave birth in a hospital maximum 12 months ago. Methods Narrative interviews were conducted. Data collection, analysis and theory formation followed a circular process according to grounded theory. Main Outcome Measures A theoretical model explaining why women experience obstetric situations as violent or not. Results Within our sample, experiences of obstetric violence were related to low situational sense of coherence which was influenced by the comprehensibility and manageability of the situation as well as further framing conditions (context, personal conditions, preceedings). The level of situational sense of coherence influenced whether an experience was appraised as violent or not. Positive experiences were connected to higher situational sense of coherence. Conclusions If obstetricians and midwives understand the perception formation process and keenly and continuously consider women’s situational sense of coherence during childbirth, they may help to reduce the potential for obstetric violence and increase the satisfaction with the childbirth experience.

Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Injury After Traumatic Skull Base Fracture: A Case Report and Literature ReviewMalik S. Obeidallah BA, Max Fleisher, MD, Peter Harris, MD, Khashayar Mozaffari BS, Michael Rosner, MDGeorge Washington University Department of Neurosurgery, Washington, DC, USAShort Title: Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Injury After Traumatic Skull Base Fracture   Corresponding Author:Malik S. ObeidallahDepartment of Neurological SurgeryThe GW School of Medicine & Health SciencesTel: 201-452-8872Email: Malik.Obeidallah@gmail.comKeywords: hypoglossal, delayed, trauma, palsy   Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Key Clinical MessageOur case demonstrates that delayed hypoglossal palsy secondary to trauma can be resolved with conservative, non-operative management with a team-based approach.IntroductionThe authors discuss a case of a delayed hypoglossal nerve (HGN) injury arising three months after occipital condyle fracture (OCF) caused by a motor vehicle accident. Delayed HNP is a rare complication following OCF. Management of OCF often fails to prevent or relieve HNP over time with chronic persistence of tongue deviation and atrophy, dysphagia, and dysarthria. To date, there are only 11 cases of delayed isolated HNP after skull base trauma in the literature. Of the 11 reported cases, only three report a complete resolution of hypoglossal nerve injury [1,2,3]. While the exact mechanism for the delayed onset palsy remains unclear, it has been suggested that callus formation during normal healing can impinge on the nerve as it exits the canal [2,4,5]. Herein, the authors present the case of a patient who developed HNP three months following the initial presentation at our institution. This case illustrates considerations when dealing with OCFs, as well as management of delayed HNP, a documented but rare complication of skull base fractures adjacent to the hypoglossal canal.Case History and ExaminationA 25-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) after a car accident, sustaining an Anderson and Montesano type III occipital condyle fracture. Other injuries included fractures of the left thumb and radius, the latter treated surgically. Initially neurologically intact, she chose a non-surgical approach with a cervical-thoracic orthosis (CTO) brace. Three months later, she developed dysphagia and tongue weakness and atrophy without deviation. Imaging revealed a healing fracture affecting the right hypoglossal canal and nerve edema. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated, alongside multidisciplinary care involving neurosurgery, otolaryngology, speech language pathology (SLP), and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR). Subsequent evaluations indicated modest improvement in tongue paresis, and she eventually experienced complete symptom resolution over the next three months.MethodsA 25-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to the ED in 2022 following a car accident in which she was a restrained passenger. Imaging was performed in light of facial abrasions, neck pain, and tingling in both hands. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed an occipital condyle fracture, classified as Anderson and Montesano type III. (Figures 1-3). Other injuries included fractures of the left thumb and radius, which were treated surgically.  She was otherwise intact neurologically. An magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the cervical spine did not show any ligamentous disruption or cord compromise, and discussion of various treatment options including surgical fixation versus halo immobilization versus cervicothoracic orthosis (CTO), the patient elected for CTO brace for eight to ten weeks. At two month follow up, she noted gradual improvement in her presenting symptoms, and after confirmation on X-ray that the fracture had healed, her brace was discontinued.At the three month mark, she presented to the ED with complete resolution of her initial symptoms but noted new dysphagia and tongue weakness over the past week. She had severe atrophy on the right side of her tongue and had great difficulty moving it to the left. She had no other cranial nerve dysfunctions. Speech was fluent without dysarthria. She had dysphagia without signs of aspiration. Imaging demonstrated a healing fracture causing obscuration of the internal opening of the right hypoglossal canal as well as perineural edema of the intracanalicular portion of the nerve (Figures 1-4). The options of observation, steroids, or surgical decompression of the right hypoglossal canal were discussed with the patient, who preferred conservative management. She underwent a trial of methylprednisolone and was advised to make appointments with ENT and SLP as well.  Laryngoscopy performed by ENT confirmed no other palate deformities or swallowing malfunctions indicative of additional lower cranial nerve injuries. SLP evaluation noted modest, gradual improvement in tongue paresis. Via telehealth encounter at the one year mark, the patient stated that her HNP had completely resolved three months after its delayed onset.Conclusion and ResultsThis case describes a unique situation in which the delayed HNP successfully resolved following conservative management. Moreover, it underscores the need for clinicians to be vigilant for delayed nerve palsies in skull base fractures. We present a case of delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by the healing process of an occipital condyle fracture.  his case illustrates the delayed fashion in which the palsy can present, and represents, to our knowledge, the only reported case of a true delayed HNP from OCF that completely resolved without surgical intervention. Through a multidisciplinary approach including neurosurgery, ENT, and SLP, a complete recovery is possible from this rare secondary injury.DiscussionIsolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rare complication of traumatic occipital condyle fracture, and can evade diagnosis by presenting in a delayed fashion. Atraumatic cases are even rarer, and occasionally involve cervical vertebral junction tuberculosis [2,6,7]. Moreover, HNPs that result as a consequence of OCFs are notoriously difficult to treat. In fact, from 1989 to 2024, only 11 cases of isolated HNP have been reported with only three achieving complete resolution (see Table 1). Traumatic cases of OCFs more commonly result in Collet-Sicard syndrome (unilateral palsy of the lower cranial nerves) and it has been suggested that isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy are less common because the anterior condylar canal is located near the jugular foramen, within 7 mm on the intracranial side and 3 mm on the extracranial side [1]. Vadivelu et al were the first to demonstrate a causal relationship between decompression of the canal and resolution of neuropraxia and HNP. This supports the idea that callus formation over the nerve during the healing process is responsible for the delayed presentation of the HNP.Management of OCF is often conservative, and relies on the use of a rigid cervical collar for 6 weeks or longer [8]. However, to our knowledge, there is no other reported evidence of complete resolution of HNP through conservative management alone. In one notable exception, Ucler et al. report the use of methylprednisolone to treat HNP 3 days following OCF. However, the rapid onset and resolution of the HNP suggests that the palsy was a result of edema and not callus formation or permanent damage to the hypoglossal nerve. Our patient achieved complete resolution of HNP through conservative treatment, but also with the use of an interdisciplinary team of ENT and SLP.Author Contributions:Author 1: conceptualization, formal analysis, writing – original draftAuthor 2: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing – review and editingAuthor 3: writing – review and editingAuthor 4: writing – review and editingAuthor 5: supervision, validationAuthor Consent Statement: I, Malik Sameer Obeidallah, affirm that written informed consent has been collected from the patient by the authors and proof of consent is available upon request.ReferencesLegros B, Fournier P, Chiaroni P, Ritz O, Fusciardi J. Basal fracture of the skull and lower (IX, X, XI, XII) cranial nerves palsy: four case reports including two fractures of the occipital condyle–a literature review. J Trauma. 2000;48(2):342-348. doi:10.1097/00005373-200002000-00031Vadivelu S, Masood Z, Krueger B, et al. Long-term resolution of delayed onset hypoglossal nerve palsy following occipital condyle fracture: Case report and review of the literature. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2017;8(2):149-152. doi:10.4103/jcvjs.JCVJS_34_17Ucler N, Yucetas SC. Occipital Condyle Fracture Extending to the Inferior Part of the Clivus. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2018;53(4):282-285. doi:10.1159/000487512Noble ER, Smoker WR. The forgotten condyle: the appearance, morphology, and classification of occipital condyle fractures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(3):507-513.Demisch S, Lindner A, Beck R, Zierz S. The forgotten condyle: Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by fracture of the occipital condyle. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1998;100(1):44-45. doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(97)00111-xBasu S, Gohil K. Delayed Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy After Halo-Vest Immobilization in a Patient With C1-C2 Tuberculosis: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12(3):e22.00053. Published 2022 Aug 12. doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.22.00053Dattatreya Sitaram C, Nishanth A, Bhat SN, Kundangar RS. Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy following occipital condyle fracture. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(12):e232645. Published 2019 Dec 2. doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-232645Nwachuku E, Njoku-Austin C, Patel KP, et al. Isolated traumatic occipital condyle fractures: Is external cervical orthosis even necessary?. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:524. Published 2021 Oct 19. doi:10.25259/SNI_748_2021Orbay T, Aykol S, Seçkin Z, Ergün R. Late hypoglossal nerve palsy following fracture of the occipital condyle. Surg Neurol. 1989;31(5):402-404. doi:10.1016/0090-3019(89)90076-1Wasserberg J, Bartlett RJ. Occipital condyle fractures diagnosed by high-definition CT and coronal reconstructions. Neuroradiology. 1995;37(5):370-373. doi:10.1007/BF00588014Castling B, Hicks K. Traumatic isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy–case report and review of the literature. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995;33(3):171-173. doi:10.1016/0266-4356(95)90292-9Muthukumar N. Delayed hypoglossal palsy following occipital condyle fracture–case report. J Clin Neurosci. 2002;9(5):580-582. doi:10.1054/jocn.2001.1067Rué M, Jecko V, Dautheribes M, Vignes JR. Delayed hypoglossal nerve palsy following unnoticed occipital condyle fracture. Neurochirurgie. 2013;59(6):221-223. doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2013.05.003

A document by Ruwei Hu. Click on the document to view its contents.

Pediatric primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is an extremely rare entity which differs from adult disease in both etiology and outcome.[[1, 2]](https://paperpile.com/c/kO3nmc/v7ZT+LtZX) We report a case of aggressive primary pediatric myelofibrosis driven by somatic trisomy 8, JAK2 and SETBP1 mutations. Disease relapsed +45 days post hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Fortunately, our patient responded to weaning immunosuppression and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and remains in remission with only mild liver and skin graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). This case is unique not only in its similarity to adult disease but in the response to DLI as salvage therapy.

A document by Orlandin EAS. Click on the document to view its contents.

High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are widely recognized for their exceptional performance in high-frequency applications, yet improvements are still needed in areas of low power consumption and high efficiency. To enhance overall performance, this paper proposes a novel structure, integrating a thin AlGaN cap layer between the p-GaN and the gate metal within a developed stepped hybrid buffer layer HEMT. Observations of the electric field distribution in TCAD simulations further confirmed the formation of a dual junction. The advantages of this structure include an increased overall device performance, featuring a threshold voltage of 2.3V, a gate current of only 4.810-7 A/mm, an output current of 0.25 A/mm, a BFOM value reaching 1.48 GW/cm2, and a breakdown voltage is 1454V. These characteristics hold potential for emerging applications such as 5G communications and electric vehicle power control systems. The results of this study not only help deepen the understanding of the impact of the AlGaN cap layer on HEMT performance but also provide new ideas and directions for the design and optimization of future.