A document by Ahmadreza Rajabi. Click on the document to view its contents.

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Case Report: Hypertensive Anaphylaxis Misdiagnosed as COPD-Asthma Overlap SyndromeSunil Kumar Das1 , Bibek Bhandari21Patan Academy of health sciences, General practice and emergency medicine2Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Internal medicineAuthors :Dr. Sunil Kumar Das, GPEM Rampur Hospital ,Nick Simons institute, Rampur, Palpa

Present antimicrobial susceptibility testing technologies generate data at a single time point over 24 hours of a day, which are considered to represent the susceptibility profile of the antibiotic in question. By questioning the epistemological value of the single time-point susceptibility testing, a time-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility study was designed. Time-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility testing was realized at six different hours of the same day to reveal the time-dependent variation of in vitro interaction between antibiotics and bacterium. The study data revealed a significant daily time-dependent oscillation in antimicrobial susceptibility testing in terms of inhibition zone value. The bacterium seems to be most susceptible to antibiotics in the dark phase (or transition to the dark phase) of the day.

It is well accepted that Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) involves only a portion of the atria, while most of the atria, HIS bundle, and ventricle are not part of the re-entrant circuit. However, the exact nature of the circuit and the role of the upper and lower common pathways in AVNRT are not well defined. This study presents a case where re-entrant tachycardia exhibits spontaneous variability in intracardiac intervals. Electrophysiological manoeuvres elicit different responses due to the bystander pathway. The electrophysiological basis of these findings and their clinical implications are discussed.

In addressing the limitations of CRISPR-Cas9, including off-target effects and high licensing fees for commercial use, Cas-CLOVER, a dimeric gene editing tool activated by two guide RNAs, was recently developed. This study focused on implementing and evaluating Cas-CLOVER in HEK-293 cells used for rAAV production by targeting the STAT1 locus, which is crucial for cell growth regulation and might influence rAAV production yields. Cas-CLOVER demonstrated impressive efficiency in gene editing, achieving over 90% knockout success. Selected HEK-293 STAT1 KO sub-clones were subjected to extensive analytical characterization to assess their genomic stability, crucial for maintaining cell integrity and functionality. Additionally, rAAV9 productivity, Rep protein pattern profile and potency, among others, were assessed. Our study also established a comprehensive analytical workflow to detect and evaluate the gene knockouts generated by this innovative tool, providing a solid groundwork for future research in precise gene editing technologies.

Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in neonatal intensive care units. We reviewed the most recent available literature, mainly using PubMed, and summarized the ultrasonographic patterns, features of most neonatal respiratory morbidities, and clinical application in neonates. Lung ultrasound is a non-invasive, radiation-free, and reproducible adjunct tool that can guide the clinical management of neonates presenting with respiratory distress.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Objective To analyze the positive detection rate of three HPV reagents for 14 hr-HPV types. To provide more accurate medical evidence for the diagnosis of clinical HPV infection. Methods Three HPV reagents were used to detect HPV typing in the cervical exhaled cells of 678 patients with HPV infection, to compare the consistency between the detection results and the Sanger sequencing results, then to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of three detection reagents for 14 hr-HPV. Results Sensitivity of three HPV nucleic acid detection reagents: Reagent 1 (58.86%) P<0.001). For HPV16, 18, 31, 39, 52, 56, 66, and 68, there was a statistically significant difference in the positive rates of the three HPV nucleic acid testing reagents ( P<0.05) Conclusion For HPV 16, 31, 33, 39, 66 and 68, reagent 2 should be used for screening first, for HPV18, 52, reagent 1 should be used for screening first, reagent 3 should be used finally to recheck and detect the specifics to ensure the accuracy and sensitivity of the results.

Biomedical Entity Linking (BEL) aims to map biomedical mentions, such as diseases and drugs, to standard entities in a given knowledge base. BEL within short text is viewed as a ranking challenge. Current research on this topic is mostly about long text relaying on the rich contextual information, which might not suitably apply to shorter texts. Furthermore, supervised approaches face hurdles in training data suitability, particularly in domains like biomedicine characterized by entities with diverse naming conventions, including abbreviations, acronyms, synonyms with different morphological variations and word orderings. To address these challenges, we propose a BiLSTM-Stacked Layers and Attention mechanism (BiLSTM-SLA) which refers a novel approach that integrates a BiLSTM with stacked layers and attention mechanism to enhance BEL within short texts. BiLSTM-SLA aims to provide a deeper understanding of the input text by considering bidirectional context analysis and leveraging stacked layers for nuanced temporal dependencies within the candidate sequence. Moreover, the attention mechanism enables the model to dynamically focus on and assign weights to different important part of the text. BiLSTM-SLA is assessed against two types of gold standards: KORE50 and Webscope for general English short texts, and the NCBI Disease Corpus, TAC2017ADR and ShARe/CLEF datasets for the biomedical domain. The experimental findings demonstrate that BiLSTM-SLA attains state-of-the-art results across all datasets, showcasing significant superiority over baseline methods. Notably, it achieves accuracies of 87.63%, 92.87%, 91.23%, 91.74%, and 92.78% on these benchmark datasets, respectively.

[In abstract, the text “The most potent inhibition of MERS‐CoV plaque formation was seen by G (1.5)‐16COONa (40.5% inhibition), followed by G(5)‐128SA ( 39.77% inhibition)” is incorrect. This should have read “The most potent inhibition of MERS‐CoV plaque formation was seen by G (1.5)‐16COONa (40.5% inhibition), followed by G(5)‐128SA ( 39.67% inhibition)”].

This study aims to enhance the insulation property of polypropylene (PP) by developing it into a multi-hollow structured board using 3D printing technology. A previous experimental study determined the effective thermal conductivity of the porous PP board was experimentally determined using a hot box test, yielding a value of 0.0033 W/mK, which represents a significant improvement over conventional building insulator. To validate the experimental results, a numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software was conducted to model the heat transfer process within the porous PP board. The simulation employed an appropriate methodology, including parameter definition, geometry creation, material definition, steady-state porous heat transfer module, initial and boundary conditions, meshing, and study. The numerical analysis focused on determining the indoor surface temperature, evaluating the total heat flux, and calculating the effective thermal conductivity of the porous PP board. The simulation results revealed an effective thermal conductivity of 0.0036 W/mK, which closely matches the experimentally obtained value from the hot box test. The agreement between the experimental and numerical results validates the effectiveness of the multi-hollow structured PP board as a superior insulating material. This study demonstrates the potential of combining 3D printing technology with materials like polypropylene to develop highly efficient insulation solutions for building applications.

The rapid advancements in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) have made the safe and friendly interaction between humans and machines a significant area of focus. The combination of AI with flexible sensing technology is shown to enhance data processing capabilities, enabling the development of intelligent sensory systems that can analyze and interpret complex sensory data. This review article discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with flexible sensing technologies to create advanced human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. The design and development of functional materials and innovative structures for building flexible sensor systems are discussed, which are essential for creating intelligent sensory systems that can mimic human senses. This review also explored the applications of intelligent perception systems in various domains, such as visual, auditory, speech, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile perception, demonstrating the potential of these systems in enhancing human-computer interaction. The author emphasizes the challenges and future opportunities in developing AI-driven smart flexible sensor systems, leading to smarter systems capable of environmental ”self-awareness” and opening new avenues in the era of an intelligent society.

Spatially distributed populations can exhibit source-sink dynamics. Despite long-standing interest in source-sink dynamics, identifying sources and sinks and quantifying their coupled dynamics in wild populations remains challenging. We used 26 years of data on reproduction, movement, and survival to estimate annual source-sink dynamics across the entire range of the endangered Everglade snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) during the invasion of a novel prey species. Populations underwent striking changes in source-sink dynamics over time since invasion. Our results illustrate how invasive species can cause impacts in uninvaded populations via changes in native species retention and emigration. Fluctuating emigration and retention alter long-term interpretations of source-sink dynamics through variation in local vs landscape contribution of populations to the metapopulation. Our study demonstrates that the status of ‘source’ or ‘sink’ can be highly variable through time and highlights how emigration is a key dimension of metapopulation dynamics, an insight with consequences for conservation.

Comment on “Impact of maternal bariatric surgery on offspring perinatal

Mental stress is a pervasive phenomenon in modern society, with profound implications for human health and well-being. This comprehensive review examines the intricate pathophysiology of mental stress and explores various remedial approaches. We discuss the complex biological mechanisms underlying the stress response, including the roles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the emerging field of psychoneuroimmunology. The review delves into the neurobiological changes associated with chronic stress, such as alterations in brain structure and function, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter systems. We explore the cascading effects of chronic stress on various bodily systems, including the cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic systems. The psychological and behavioral manifestations of stress are examined, along with its role in the development of various mental and physical disorders. Finally, we evaluate a range of remedies, including novel pharmacological interventions, evidence-based psychological therapies, and lifestyle modifications. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding of mental stress pathophysiology and its management, highlighting recent advances, current challenges, and promising areas for future research and clinical application.

People use speech to express their feelings, thoughts, wishes, and opinions to others. The text is free from grammatical, spelling, and punctuation errors, and adheres strictly to metrics and units. Non-essential fillers have been removed. Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a technology designed to analyses human voices to comprehend the speaker’s emotional condition. The text follows a logical structure, with a coherent sequence of ideas and active voice predominance. Specific terms and standardized language are used consistently throughout the text, and precise word choice is employed to convey meaning accurately. No changes in content have been made, as per the instructions. It has recently gained attention from researchers in signal processing, human-computer interaction, and natural language processing. The language used in this text is clear, concise, and objective, with a formal tone and unambiguous language. This paper proposes a four-step method for recognizing emotions from speech sounds. Firstly, speech audio signals are preprocessed. Secondly, Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) is applied to the audio signals to remove noise. Thirdly, features are extracted from the DTCWT-applied audio signals using One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1D-CNN). The signals’ feature vector is classified in the final step using algorithms like Support Vector Machines with different kernels and Random Forest. This study used two widely used audio datasets for emotion recognition: EMO-DB and IEMOCAP. The DTCWT& L-SVM&1D-CNN achieved 90.38% accuracy for the EMO-DB dataset, while the DTCWT&Q-SVM&1D-CNN achieved 85.79% accuracy for the IEMOCAP dataset. The experimental findings validate the efficiency of the proposed architecture in handling SER tasks.

Purpose: Record linkage based on quasi-identifiers remains an important approach as not every data source provides a comprehensive unique identifier. In this study, reasons for the failure of a linkage based on quasi-identifiers were examined. Furthermore, informed algorithms using information on gold-standard links were developed to investigate the potentially achievable linkage quality based on quasi-identifiers. Methods: Linkage algorithms were applied on German claims and cancer registry data using information on gold-standard links. Informed linkage algorithms based on deterministic linkage, logistic regression, random forests, gradient boosting and neural networks were derived and compared. Descriptive analyses were performed to identify reasons for failure of linkage such as discrepancies between data sources. Results: A linkage approach based on gradient boosting performed best and reached a precision of 77%, a recall of 81% and an F*-measure of 64%. Of 641 patients in GePaRD, 8% were not uniquely identifiable using birth year, sex, area of residence, year and quarter of diagnosis, whereas 33% of 42,817 cancer registries patients of Bremen and Lower Saxony were not uniquely identifiable with these quasi-identifiers. Conclusions: Linkage of German claims and cancer registry data based on quasi-identifiers does result in insufficient linkage quality since subjects cannot be uniquely identified. It is advisable to use unique identifiers from a subsample, if available, to derive informed linkage algorithms for the entire sample. In this case the machine learning technique gradient boosting has been found to outperform other methods.

Introduction: The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a known anatomical variation of the normal recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Its prevalence is estimated <1% and is prone to higher risk of iatrogenic injury. The risk of injury during thyroid surgery have been reported as variable in current literature, from 0% up to 12%. This study aimed to systematically review the incidence of NRLN injury and present the results through meta-analysis. The incidence of injury to NRLN and RLN was compared and analysed to determine its statistical significance. Methods: The PRISMA protocol was followed for an online search of prominent literatures. Studies were selected and excluded according to specific criteria. Quality assessment was performed, and data was extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted for the incidence of injury of the NRLN, and its comparison to the RLN. Results were presented in the form of a systematic review and discussed. Results: 17 studies were included in the final analysis. It was found that the pooled risk of NRLN injury was 7% and the risk ratio of injury in comparison to the RLN was 3.8, showing a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the overall risk of injury to the NRLN and found a statistically significant difference in comparison to the injury of RLN. This evidence provides grounds for future surgical guidelines to prevent injury to the NRLN. It is suggested that intra-operative nerve monitoring (IONM) should be performed in all patients found to have NRLN pre-operatively and intra-operatively.

Ni/Mn/Fe-ternary cathode is highly regarded as a potential option for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. Nonetheless, the cycling stability was hindered by the occurrence of high voltage phase transitions. In this work, Na0.67(Ni0.1Mn0.8Fe0.1)1-xMgxO2 (NaNMF-Mgx) cathode materials with high-voltage zero-phase transitions property were successfully synthesized. And the element Mg was firstly found to have the potential to eliminate high-pressure phase transitions in Ni/Mn/Fe-ternary systems. By employing the Mg-doping strategy, there were a valuable strengthening in the occupancy of stabler Nae sites. And the calculation highlighted the excellent structural stability and conductivity of NaNMF-Mg0.04, which has the lowest thermodynamic formation energy and a narrow band gap. Moreover, ex-situ XRD and ADF-STEM certified that NaNMF-Mg0.04 cathode maintained an intact P2 phase structure during high-voltage charging process, which was different from previous reports. The “zero-phase transitions” effect enabled NaNMF-Mg0.04 cathode to express remarkable initial capacitance (119.5 mAh g-1, 0.1C) and stability (80.0 % over 200 cycles). These findings further declared that it was feasible to design novel Ni/Mn/Fe-ternary cathodes with zero-phase transitions property, which might open up a new idea for popularizing cost-effective Ni/Mn/Fe-ternary cathode material systems in the future.

The unique medicinal properties of Ganoderma lucidum have led to a growing demand for it as an essential source of dietary supplements in the food sector. The wide array of therapeutic and pharmacological effects of G. lucidum can be attributed principally to its diverse prebiotic and biologically active compounds. This review comprehensively analyzes the practical application of bioactive compounds with its structural characterisation derived from G. lucidum. It also provides an update on the characterization of several compounds from G.lucidum, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleotides, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and alkaloids. The polysaccharides and peptides derived from G. lucidum, have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine as immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuropharmacological agents. Thus, G. lucidum has become an essential part of many's diet because of its antioxidant characteristics and health-promoting properties. Aromatic meroterpenoids, which possess antioxidant properties, have been found to exhibit bioactivities significantly, including antioxidant, anti-HIV protease, and anti-fibrotic capabilities. These compounds, with their unique structures, have garnered interest from phytochemists, chemists, and pharmacologists. A pH-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery system has been developed using G. lucidum polysaccharides, which are well-known for their remarkable anti-tumor properties. Furthermore, G. lucidum has been employed as a medicinal remedy for over two millennia, and have also examined its pharmacological applications.

Plant-associated microbial communities strongly relate to host health and productivity. Still, our knowledge of microbial community spatiotemporal patterns in soil–plant continuum is largely limited. Here, we explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal communities across multiple compartments (phyllosphere, leaf endosphere, soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, root endosphere) of rubber tree in two contrasting seasons collected from Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. Our results demonstrate that the fungal alpha and beta diversity exhibited distinct pattern, the alpha diversity is highly dependent on seasonal changes, while beta diversity only showed a geographical variation pattern. The season-specific environmental factors (e.g., climatic factors) were the most important factors in shaping fungal alpha diversity across the soil–plant continuum. Physicochemical properties explained some of microbial beta diversity spatiotemporal variation observed, with leaf phosphorus (P) and soil available potassium (AK) likely being the main factors that drove the geographical variation. We further identified the variation of edaphic (e.g., AK) and leaf physicochemical factors (e.g., P) were mainly caused by regional sites (P < 0.05). Together, our study provide a solid empirical evidence that the distinct spatiotemporal patterns of alpha and beta diversity of rubber tree fungal diversity and significantly expand our understanding of ecological drivers of plant-associated microbial communities.

The caterpillars of Gonimbrasia belina, commonly known as mopane worms, are intensively harvested for human consumption in southern Africa. Concerns over the sustainability of the species have been raised for the last two decades due to increasing demand, habitat erosion, and climate change. Despite its cultural, economic, and nutritional significance, genetic data for G. belina was largely unavailable. We used a multi-marker approach including mitochondrial sequences and nuclear ddRADseq data to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of G. belina in Namibia and the Limpopo River Basin (South Africa and Botswana). Mitochondrial sequences revealed strong phylogeographical structure at the broad scale separating Namibia and Limpopo River Basin populations. Within the Limpopo River Basin, populations are separated by the Limpopo River, with haplotype sharing only at the border between South Africa and Botswana. Mitochondrial genetic diversity varies between sampling areas but overall is highest in South Africa and lowest in Botswana, while historical demography points to population expansion in Namibia but not in South Africa and Botswana. Nuclear data in the Limpopo River Basin revealed some connectivity among populations albeit with significant genetic differentiation and unique gene pools in some sampling areas. All sampling areas show low genetic diversity, alarmingly small effective population size, and signs of recent bottlenecks. We generated the first baseline data for the genetic monitoring of G. belina populations and conclude that concerns over the sustainability of the species are presently justified in Botswana and South Africa.

Screens are increasingly present in young children’s lives. While research suggests a relation between children’s screen use and socioemotional outcomes, less is known about it in the familial context, specifically regarding parents’ well-being. The study examined the extent to which the relation between preschoolers’ screen time and behavioral problems differs across the degrees of parents’ depressive symptoms using a survey in a sample of 171 preschooler caregivers (74.3% mothers; Mage = 32.9 years; 70.0% White, 12.9% multiracial, 7.1% Black, 5.9% Latinx, 4.1% Asian) in the US. Results showed that the depressive symptoms moderated the relation between screen time and internalizing behavior, but not externalizing behavior. The study contributes by identifying a potential moderator, a risk factor, in the familial context and illustrating different reasons that may drive children’s screen use. This suggests the need for a more nuanced understanding of the relation between young children’s screen use and problematic behavior.

The bounded consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with disturbances whose states are not measurable is achieved by the event-triggered impulsive mechanism. Here, the observer is designed to reconstruct the state of multiagent systems considering that this state is unmeasurable. The bounded disturbance term is assumed to be an unmeasurable dilated state component. Then, the dilated state observer is designed for antidisturbance treatment. Appropriate trigger conditions and Lyapunov functions are constructed based on the event-triggered impulsive control method, and sufficient conditions for multiagent systems are obtained to achieve bounded consensus. Zeno behavior is eliminated under the control strategy. Numerical tests are conducted to verify the validity of the control methods.