How to obtain organic electro-optic materials with large electro-optic coefficients, high glass transition temperature, and good optical transparency remains a challenge in this field. To solve this problem, we introduce groups that can undergo Huisgen cycloaddition reactions into the donor and electron bridge of chromophores with large hyperpolarizability using tetrahydroquinoline as the donor. Binary cross-linkable chromophores TLD1-2 with CF3-TCF as the acceptor and chromophores TLD3-4 with 5Fph-TCF as the acceptor were synthesized. After poling and crosslinking, the Tg of TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were raised to 152 and 174 °C, respectively. The electro-optical coefficients of chromophores TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were as high as 312 pm/V and 287 pm/V, respectively. The long-term alignment stability test showed that after being left at 85 °C for 500 hours, the cross-linked film TLD3/TLD4 can still maintain more than 98% of the original electro-optical coefficient value, which is higher than that of TLD1/TLD2 (93%). The chromophore TLD3-4 exhibited much blue-shifted maximum absorption wavelengths (~40nm) compared to TLD1-2 which was beneficial for reducing optical loss in the device. The combination of high electro-optic coefficient, strong stability, and excellent optical transparency makes the TLD series of binary cross-linked materials very promising for practical high-performance electro-optic devices.

Recombinant proteins represent one of the greatest achievements of modern pharmaceutical biotechnology, as they are increasingly used in almost all branches of medicine to treat a wide range of conditions. For responding to this demand, different cell engineering approaches have been developed to improve their expression. Some of them include the use of genetic elements that have the ability to prevent the silencing of the gene of interest and the generation of resistant cell lines to inhibit or avoid the Programmed Cell Death (PCD). This research focuses on the analysis of the effect of overexpression of UCOE elements and the HSP27 protein individually and together on the production of human rIFNγ in HEK293 cells. Our results show that UCOE elements of 4 kbp do not have any effect on protein production in HEK293 cells while overexpression of HSP27 prolongs the stationary phase during growth kinetics. It was also observed that the Qp of rIFNγ is 96-fold higher in clones containing the HSP27/UCOE combination compared to the clone containing only UCOE elements nor to the control cell HEK293. These results correlate with the MCP analyses, as HSP27 overexpression was observed to decrease the expression of bax, caspase 3 and cytochrome C messengers, beclin and LC3II. This study proposes the utility of a cell engineering approach based on the overexpression of the human HSP27 protein to develop the production of recombinant viruses and proteins in HEK293 cells.

Some combined high order compact (CHOC) schemes are proposed for non-self-adjoint and nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSANLSE). There are first order and second order spatial derivatives u x ‾ , u xx in the NSANLSE. If one uses classical high order compact schemes to approximate u xx and u x ‾ separately, it will widen the bandwidth in practical coding due to matrix multiplication. This will partly counteract the advantages of high order compact. To overcome the deficiency, one solves the spatial derivatives simultaneously by combining them. In other words, it solves u x j n and u xx j n simultaneously in terms of u j . The idea is applied to discretize NSANLSE in space. Two efficient numerical schemes are proposed for NSANLSE. The stability and convergence of the new schemes are analyzed theoretically. Numerical experiments are reported to verify the new schemes.

Introduction The docking button of the Aveir leadless pacemaker (LP) is often difficult to access due to its inappropriate position in the right ventricle (RV). Methods and Results We report a case where the Aveir LP was successfully retrieved by releasing the wedged docking button in the inferior wall of the RV using a loop wire technique. Conclusion The loop wire technique may be useful to change the position of the Aveir LP. This may be helpful to retrieve the Aveir LP even in the case where the docking button is wedged in the inferior wall of the RV.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of thermal adaptation is crucial to predict the impacts of global warming. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of rising temperatures over time, and of studies involving different populations from the same species. The present study focuses on these two aspects, which have been shown to be of great importance in understanding how organisms cope and adapt to ongoing changes in their environment. This study investigates the impact of global warming on the gene expression patterns of Drosophila subobscura populations from two different latitudinal locations after 23 generations of thermal evolution. Our results indicate that transcriptomic changes due to selection are contingent on the genetic background of the populations, with the high-latitude population exhibiting more pronounced changes. We found an interplay between plasticity and selection, with the high latitude population showing fewer initial plastic genes and lower levels of adaptive plasticity, but a greater magnitude of change in both plastic and selective responses during evolution under warming conditions compared to its low latitude counterpart. A substantial proportion of the transcriptome was observed to be subject to selection, despite the lack of observable response at the higher level of organisation. The interplay between plasticity and selection may prove to be an essential component in shaping species' evolutionary responses to climate change. Furthermore, the value of conducting studies on multiple populations of the same species is emphasised, given the identification of differences between populations with different backgrounds in several contexts.

Background: Neonates are highly susceptible to infection given their immature immune system. Previous studies on proteins related to neonatal infection mainly focused on maternally acquired antibodies, but without comprehensive studies on multiple immune-response-related proteins associated with neonatal infection. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the SZBBTwin cohort, measuring 92 immune-response-related proteins in cord plasma of 149 twins (including 34 discordant twin pairs) with Olink Proteomics. All twins were followed for diagnoses of infection from birth until 27 days of age. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), the predictive performance of which was evaluated by ROC curve, and their functions and pathways were annotated through enrichment analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between level of proteins and risk of neonatal infection. Results: Five DEPs (ITGA11, FCRL6, DDX58, SH2D1A, and EDAR) were identified for neonatal infection. The AUC achieved 0.835 for the five DEPs, which were mainly enriched in the NF-κB pathway. A higher level of ITGA11 was associated with an increased risk of neonatal infection in both the analyses of all twins and discordant twin pairs. Conclusions: Multiple immune-response-related proteins in cord plasma, particularly ITGA11, are associated with the risk of neonatal infection in twins.

Background Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy that affects infants. It is characterized by massive and repetitive vomiting, lethargy, pallor, and watery diarrhea. Although FPIES can mimic acute gastrointestinal diseases, for which ultrasonography is useful, few studies on ultrasonographic findings in non-IgE-mediated food allergic disorders are available. We investigated the ultrasonographic features of patients with FPIES. Methods Patients who underwent an oral food challenge (OFC) test or were diagnosed with acute FPIES were enrolled. We divided the patients into the FPIES and non-FPIES groups. Ultrasonography was performed before and 6h after the OFC test. Patients in the FPIES group underwent ultrasonography 24 h after the OFC tests. We evaluated intestinal findings, including peristaltic movement, fluid accumulation, and wall thickness of the gastrointestinal tract. Results Fourteen patients in the FPIES group and 11 in the non-FPIES group were enrolled. Ultrasonography performed 6h after the OFC test showed that the number of patients with small intestinal fluid accumulation and hyperperistalsis was significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the non-FPIES group. In the FPIES group, jejunal wall thickness significantly increased 6h after the OFC test. Small bowel intussusception occurred in three patients with FPIES. Conclusions Small-intestinal wall thickening, fluid accumulation, and abnormal peristalsis on ultrasonography suggest its utility in diagnosing FPIES. In cases of small intestinal intussusception, FPIES should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason has profoundly influenced numerous fields, including neuroscience. His explorations of human cognition, perception, and the limitations of knowledge offer foundational insights that resonate with contemporary neuroscientific research. This essay delves into the intersections between Kantian philosophy and neuroscience, examining how his ideas have shaped and continue to shape the understanding of brain function and cognitive processes. Through a detailed exploration of Kant's theoretical frameworks and their applications in neuroscience, this essay highlights the interdisciplinary synergy that enriches both domains, fostering a more comprehensive approach to studying the human mind.

Ecosystem size and resource flows are key factors driving biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, the question of whether and how these drivers interact has been largely overlooked. Here, we investigated how ecosystem size asymmetry affects biodiversity and function of two-patch meta-ecosystems connected through flows of non-living resources. We conducted a microcosm experiment, mimicking spatial resource flows between ecosystems of different sizes yet otherwise identical properties or between ecosystems of the same size. Meta-ecosystems with asymmetric ecosystem sizes displayed higher α- diversity but lower β-diversity and ecosystem function (total biomass) than their unconnected counterparts. At the same time, such an effect was not found for meta-ecosystems of identical patch sizes. Our work demonstrates how the size of ecosystems, interconnected via resource flows, can modulate cross-ecosystem dynamics, having implications for biodiversity and function across scales.

Recent research highlights nature-based solutions to support biodiversity against climate change, but direct nutritional interventions need more assessment. We developed an insect model using fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and the fungus Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana to test if nutrient supplementation enhances behavioural responses to temperature change and infection. We examined yeast supplementation and behavioural thermoregulation in infected insects. Here we show that infected flies seek cooler temperatures to limit infection costs, effective only with specific nutrients available post-infection. Without yeast, cooler temperatures increase survival but decrease reproduction. Yeast supplementation in cooler environments enhances both lifespan and fecundity. Mechanistic studies show that fungal virulence decreases with yeast or tryptophan consumption, especially before infection intensifies. Tryptophan access is as effective as cold-seeking in reducing microbe loads. These findings suggest nutrition availability influences the effectiveness of behavioural thermoregulation in infected insects, establishing a model for nutrition-based solutions to human-induced climate change.

Background: Numerous national-based indicators aid in designing population-centered chronic disease surveillance. However, there is little consensus on the key indicators and goals for developing a chronic disease surveillance analysis system. Objective: This study aimed to develop evidence-based indicators to measure and improve the health outcomes of chronic disease surveillance systems in Korea. Methods: A scoping review was focused on peer-reviewed literature from 2012 to 2022 using PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINHAL, Wiley Online, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Three reviewers evaluated and selected the articles in accordance with comprehensive inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were synthesized using median descriptive analysis, prioritization, and agreement. There was a consensus meeting to discuss the recommendations, and the findings were analyzed thematically and descriptively. Results: Forty-eight articles were finalized and most of them were published in 2019 (18.8%). The studies on chronic disease-based surveillance systems and related data sources were conducted primarily in Canada (58.3%). The findings were prioritized by prevalence rate, risk factors, data linkage, complex disease, and updated indicators in a current system. The key themes of focus were mortality, survival management, diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare systems. Conclusion: Our preliminary measurement methods need validation through follow-up projects. Chronic disease surveillance will improve public health resource allocation and monitoring in real time. Public health and healthcare systems could be enhanced through timely assessments of population health at the local and regional levels. In Korea, experts will validate the chronic disease-based surveillance system’s development.

An efficient, additive- and catalyst -free, visible-light-driven radical C-H methylation of heteroarenes (including quinoxalinones, pyra-zinones, quinolinones and coumarins) utilizing readily available methylamines as the methyl source has been developed. The trans-formation possesses the advantages of operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies disclosed that a photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between methylamines and heteroarenes is crucial to this trans-formation.

A document by Zulin Xiao. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background and Objective Bone injury is a common side effect of radiotherapy to tumors, which is a long-term response after damage to osteoblasts, especially reducing osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Currently, there are few studies on radiation-induced bone injury, the molecules involved in the ionizing radiation (IR) induced osteoblasts damage remain need to be excavated. Therefore, this study aims to establish a radiation induced osteoblast injury model, to screen and identify relevant factors involved in radiation injury of osteoblast through RNA-sequencing. Methods The MC3T3-E1 cells were administered a total dose of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy (2.22 Gy/min) X ray radiation. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and clonogenic assay, the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The osteoblasts differentiation was estimated by ALP staining and the mineralization capacity was evaluated by alizarin red staining. The related gene expression levels were confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The DNA damage and repair foci were detected by the immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX and 53BP1. Results In this study, the optimal IR damage conditions (8Gy, 2.22Gy/min) were firstly determined by measuring cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and further cell differentiation and mineralization abilities and the related genes ( p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, cyclinB, BAX, BCL2, ALP, OPN, RUNX2, Collagen1) expression level changes in radiation-induced osteoblast injury model. Then, we screened 26 differentially expressed genes after the RNA-sequencing of the 8 Gy-irradiated MC3T3-E1 cells, and they were mainly involved in DNA damage and repair, cell apoptotic progress and cell cycle regulation, meanwhile, participated in several main pathway including PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and signaling pathway involved in cell cycle and cell senescence. We focused on verifying the differential expression genes and confirmed the MDM2, NOTCH1, CDKN1A and GCLC were upregulated after IR treatment, suggesting the key roles in the response of the IR. In addition, regarding on our sequencing results, the DNA damage and repair were also verified and the results suggested that IR induced DNA damage and repair in MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusions In summary, IR damaged MC3T3-E1 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, impacting cell cycle process, inducing cell apoptosis and affecting the osteoblasts differentiation, which maybe due to the DNA damage and the differential expression of the key genes (MDM2, NOTCH1, CDKN1A and GCLC ) .

Rapid dynamics and remarkable proton conduction induced by confined water in nanospaces have attracted much attentions from researchers, which is crucial for advancing the development of innovative proton conductors and deepening comprehension of proton and water transport mechanisms within biological systems. In this aspect, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are frequently employed as a research platform. However, they possess certain limitations, such as their inherent electronic conductivity and extreme hydrophobicity, which can impede the accurate assessment and precise regulation of proton conduction. We herein prepared two 2D COFs with different hydrophilic fragment, and obtains maximum acid-free proton conductivity of 3.04×10-4 S cm-1 at 70 °C and 100% RH with Grotthuss type activation energy of 0.14 eV. This is mainly due to that the water molecules in the center of channel form strong hydrogen bonds, enhancing proton dissociation and guiding fast directional diffusion.

Four polycyclic ten-membered lactones possessing unprecedented 10/6/5 tricyclic ring skeleton, named eutypetides A−D (1−4), and an intriguing polyketide containing a hexahydroisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one motif, named eutypetide E (5) were isolated from the ma-rine-derived fungus Eutypella sp. F0219, together with three new related biosynthetic polyketides eutypetides F−H (6−8). The abso-lute configurations of 1−5 were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses (Cu Kα), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Eutypetides G (7) showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce the mRNA expres-sion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS induced by LPS. Most notably, compounds 1, 2, and 5 were formed bi-ogenetically from 6−8 via the key intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition, respectively.

Objectives: This current study investigated a model of trauma and social pathways of psychosis in people with Unusual Sensory Experiences (USEs) in the general population. Design: The study used a cross-sectional, quantitative design, using an online survey methodology with a self-selecting sample of people reporting multi-modal unusual sensory experiences. Methods: Participants (n=149) completed a survey examining trauma exposure, dissociative experiences, attachment, social rank and 6 separate USEs. The trauma social pathways model of psychosis was tested using hierarchical linear regression models and Structured Equation Modelling (SEM). Results: Hierarchical regression analyses found that all USEs were predicted by trauma-exposure, anxious attachment, and dissociation. Social comparison and compartmentalisation only predicted one mode of hallucinations and overall neither were a strong component of the model. SEM analysis indicated that overall the model was well fitted. The SEM analysis emphasised a dual route to auditory hallucinations via disrupted attachment or trauma-exposure, mutually mediated by dissociation. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of addressing dissociation and attachment in understanding the development of multi-modal USEs and in guiding the formulation and intervention of clinical presentations of psychosis. Additionally, fostering attachment security at a service level could improve engagement with mental health services and promote safeness through consistent, sensitive care.

Yeasts in the subphylum Saccharomycotina are found across the globe in disparate ecosystems. A major aim of yeast research is to understand the diversity and evolution of ecological traits, such as carbon metabolic breadth, insect association, and cactophily. This includes studying aspects of ecological traits like genetic architecture or association with other phenotypic traits. Genomic resources in the Saccharomycotina have grown rapidly. Ecological data, however, are still limited for many species, especially those only known from species descriptions where usually only a limited number of strains are studied. Moreover, ecological information is recorded in natural language format limiting high throughput computational analysis. To address these limitations, we developed an ontological framework for the analysis of yeast ecology. A total of 1,088 yeast strains were added to the Ontology of Yeast Environments (OYE) and analyzed in a machine-learning framework to connect genotype to ecology. This framework is flexible and can be extended to additional isolates, species, or environmental sequencing data. Widespread adoption of OYE would greatly aid the study of macroecology in the Saccharomycotina subphylum.

Wang et al.’s (2024) article is relevant due to several reasons. The obvious is previous work’s replication and expansion (Djebbara et al., 2019, 2021) by exploring how different forms of movement (walking/keyboard press) and environments (3D/2D) affect affordance perception. Replication and expansion using diverse populations and contexts is highly relevant to the still fledgling fields of Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) and Neuroarchitecture; it should be facilitated and encouraged. Importantly, implementing a multi-article scalable experimental design (SED) heuristic (Parada, 2018). Furthermore -from our perspective- offers evidence supporting the 4E-Cognition perspective on how natural, built, digital, and symbolic (NaBDS) environments impact cognition. Even though we promote the 3E-Cognition principles for applied neuroscience (e.g. neuroarchitecture) (Parada et al., 2023), here we will nevertheless contextualize Wang et al.’s findings within the broader perspective offered by 4E-Cognition (Figure 1). We will use each 4E principle as guiding lines.

Preen oil – the secretion from the uropygial gland of birds – may have diverse functions in avian reproduction: protection against eggshell bacteria, olfactory crypsis against nest predators and olfactory mate choice. To investigate such functions, we should first characterise variation in preen oil composition, but also confirm that previously described patterns are robust. Replication studies are crucial to test the reproducibility of previous findings, but are rarely undertaken in chemical ecology. Here, we conducted an almost exact replication of a previous study on the chemical composition of preen oil in a wild passerine bird, the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). We aimed to estimate the reproducibility of the previous results using larger sample sizes and following a pre-registered analysis. In addition, we explored the ontogeny of preen oil composition by comparing nestling and adult preen oil. In line with previous findings, preen oil composition was similar between breeding partners and not repeatable within individual females across breeding stages. Female preen oil changed across breeding stages more clearly than in the original study (higher richness, diversity and volatility during incubation than nestling-rearing), further refuting a role of preen oil in olfactory crypsis in this species. Unlike the original study, we found no difference in chemical profiles between sexes (nestling-rearing), casting doubt on the proposed role of preen oil as a sex semiochemical in this species. Nestling preen oil differed from adults, was more similar to adult males than to adult females, but was not more similar to parents than to non-parents. We found family chemical signatures, which, along with the breeding pair signature, suggests an influence of the nest environment on preen oil composition. Our study highlights the importance of replication and provides novel insights into the function and development of preen oil.

Long-distance migratory shorebird populations are experiencing widespread global declines. However, challenges exist in accurately tracing full hemispheric movements throughout the annual cycle, which has implications for monitoring population dynamics through time. Measurements of naturally occurring stable isotope abundance in avian tissues are an effective means to infer movement and migration, particularly when mark-recapture approaches are not feasible. We analyzed stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) of winter-grown flight feathers of Sanderling (Calidris alba) collected from (a) individuals of known wintering origin throughout North and South America and (b) migrants of unknown origin captured at a major northern staging site at Chaplin Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada, in the Midcontinent flyway (2012-2020). The goal was to classify overwintering locations of the migrant population and assess whether winter origin was associated with morphometrics on the northern staging grounds. Feathers sampled from known-origin birds wintering at three latitudinally distinct sites (coastal Texas, USA; Paracas, Peru; Chiloé Island, Chile) were isotopically distinct but showed overlapping isotope values with Chaplin Lake staging migrants. Chaplin Lake migrant Sanderlings were separated into five unique isotopic clusters representing potential distinct wintering populations and the relative proportions of migrants from each cluster varied among years. Isotopic clusters were associated with wing length and probable migration distance. Discriminant function analysis classified the majority (70%) of Sanderling captured at Chaplin Lake with winter origins in the US coastal Texas region, while another 8% likely wintered in coastal Peru, 6% in coastal Chile, and 15% were of unknown winter origin. Band resights of overwintering birds throughout the Americas further validated isotopic assignments. With increased knowledge of range-wide isotopic differences in winter-grown feathers, wing morphology, and moult schedules, feather isotopic assignment of wintering origin is a powerful tool to apply throughout flyways to better understand the connectivity of distinct shorebird populations and complement population monitoring efforts

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals manufactured by well-established processes using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Next-generation biomanufacturing using alternative hosts like Komagataella phaffii could improve the accessibility of these medicines, address broad societal goals for sustainability, and offer financial advantages for accelerated development of new products. Antibodies produced by K. phaffii, however, may manifest unique molecular quality attributes, like host-dependent, product-related variants, that could raise potential concerns for clinical use. We demonstrate here conservative modifications to the amino acid sequence of aglycosylated antibodies based on the human IgG1 isotype that minimize product-related variations when secreted by K. phaffii. A combination of 2-3 changes of amino acids reduced variations across six different aglycosylated versions of commercial mAbs. Expression of a modified sequence of NIST mAb in both K. phaffii and CHO cells showed comparable biophysical properties and molecular variations. These results suggest a path towards production of high-quality mAbs that could be expressed interchangeably by either yeast or mammalian cells. Improving molecular designs of proteins to enable a range of manufacturing strategies for well-characterized biopharmaceuticals could accelerate global accessibility and innovations.

Scale-up of microbial bioprocesses to production scale is accompanied by significant changes in growth conditions. One aspect are rapidly changing substrate concentrations due to prolonged mixing times. The impact of substrate gradients on the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied for glucose but no other industrially relevant carbohydrate. With different transport mechanism, non-glucose sugars will lead to a different intracellular response. Here we studied the response of S. cerevisiae to gradients for four different sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. To study the impact of the carbon sources as well as the large-scale gradients, steady-state and dynamic feast/famine cultivation conditions were applied. The physiology, intracellular metabolome as well as the proteome were compared. Especially, gradients of maltose lead to a significant decrease in biomass yield. Under dynamic glucose, fructose and sucrose conditions S. cerevisiae was able to maintain the biomass yield of steady-state conditions. Although the physiology was very comparable for these sugars, the intracellular metabolome and proteome changed. The concentration of upper glycolytic enzymes decreased for glucose and maltose (up to -60% and -40% respectively), while an increase was observed for sucrose and fructose when exposed to gradients. At the same time, enzymes of lower glycolysis were increased. Interestingly, common stress-related proteins were decreased during dynamic conditions. The observed adaptations to repeating gradients highlight the importance to study physiology and metabolism under dynamic conditions to obtain results that are relevant for the envisioned large-scale process.

Maintaining a healthy status is crucial for the successful captive breeding of critically endangered Rhinopithecus brelichi, it is conducive to ex situ conservation of this species and rejuvenation of its population. However, changes in the feeding environment and food can affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota in R. brelichi, ultimately impacting its health and adaptation. Herein, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to determine the gut microbiota composition and functional variations between wild and captive R. brelichi populations. The results showed that the captive group had higher alpha diversity than the wild group, and significant differences were observed in their beta diversity. Captive and wild R. brelichi showed similar microbiota at the phylum level, which mainly comprised Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Spirochaetota, but captivity reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio. LEfSe analysis revealed that the relative abundance of microbiota related to cellulose degradation, such as Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter, differed significantly between the two groups. Furthermore, the potential pathogens Acinetobacter and Treponema were significantly abundant in wild and captive groups, respectively. Functional predictions demonstrated that the most significant functional pathways at the second level between captive and wild monkeys were carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolisms. The captive monkeys exhibited higher digestive capacity and endocrine regulation as well as a higher risk of infectious diseases than wild monkeys. These findings can serve as a valuable theoretical basis for promoting the healthy breeding of R. brelichi and as a guide for future evaluation of the health of wild and captive monkeys.