Process-based models for range dynamics are urgently needed due to increasing intensity of human-induced biodiversity change. Despite a few existing models that focus on demographic processes, their use remains limited compared to the widespread application of correlative approaches. This slow adoption is largely due to the challenges in calibrating biological parameters and the high computational demands for large-scale applications. Moreover, increasing the number of simulated processes (i.e. mechanistic complexity) may further exacerbate those reasons of delay. Therefore, balancing mechanistic complexity and computational effectiveness of process-based models is a key area for improvement. A promising research direction is to expand demographically-explicit metapopulation models by integrating metabolic constraints. We translated and expanded a previously developed R metapopulation model to Julia language and published it as a Julia module. The model integrates species-specific parameters such as preferred environmental conditions, biomass, and dispersal ability with demographic rates (e.g. reproductive and mortality rates) derived from local temperature and biomass via the metabolic theory of ecology. We provide a simple application example for the model in which we illustrate a typical use case by predicting the future occurrence of Orchis militaris in Bavaria under different climate change scenarios. Our results show that climate change reduces habitat suitability overall, but some regions like the Franconian Forest and the Alps see increased suitability and abundance, confirming their role as refugia. Simulating metapopulation dynamics reveals that local population dynamics and dispersal are crucial for accurate predictions. For instance, increasing dispersal distance reduces overall abundance loss but also lessens population growth in refugia. This highlights the importance of measuring traits like dispersal ability to improve climate change forecasts.

Weeds are among the most significant factors contributing to decreases in crop yield and quality. Glufosinate, a nonselective, broad-spectrum herbicide, has been extensively utilized for weed control in recent decades. However, crops are usually sensitive to glufosinate. Therefore, the development of glufosinate-resistant crops is crucial for effective weed management in agriculture. In this study, we characterized a SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like (SPL) factor, OsSPL8, which acts as a negative regulator of glufosinate resistance by inhibiting the transcription of OsGS1;1 and OsGS2 and consequently reducing GS activity. Furthermore, the loss of OsSPL8 function enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Transcriptomic comparisons between the gar18-3 mutant and wild type revealed that OsSPL8 largely downregulates stress-responsive genes and upregulates growth-related genes. We demonstrated that OsSPL8 directly regulates OsOMTN6 and OsNAC17, which influence drought tolerance. Additionally, OsSPL8 directly represses the expression of salt stress tolerance-related genes such as OsHKT1.1 and OsTPP1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that OsSPL8 is a negative regulator of both glufosinate resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.

Flavored oils are increasingly in demand in the market, whereas rice bran oil (RBO) offers a plain sensory experience. The present study introduced a novel method for preparing rice aroma RBO and explored its flavor characteristics compared to the pressed and refined RBOs. Both sensory and instrumental assessments identified rice aroma RBO as having the most favorable flavor profile. Comprehensive analyses using GC×GC-TOF-MS and GC-O techniques revealed that 14 key aroma compounds predominantly contributed to the distinct flavor, closely mirroring the characteristic volatiles found in aromatic rice. In particular, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) and vanillin emerged as the predominant flavor contributors. This research not only elucidates the aromatic composition of rice aroma RBO but also holds significant implications for future studies and industrial applications aimed at enhancing the flavor of RBO.

Background Patients undergoing cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation are often on direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) therapy. However, the evidence on the perioperative management of DOACs in these patients is unclear. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases through March 2024. We included studies reporting outcomes of patients on long-term DOAC therapy requiring CIED procedures – primary implants, pulse generator replacement, and device upgrades. We excluded studies exclusively reporting outcomes in patients on vitamin K antagonists. Primary outcomes were clinically significant device-pocket hematoma and thromboembolic events. Secondary outcomes included any device-pocket hematoma, all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and any bleeding. Results A total of 1607 patients from 8 studies were included. The mean age was 73.2 years, with atrial fibrillation as the indication for DOAC therapy in the majority of patients; the mean CHA2DS2-VASc was 3.4. Of the studies included, 2 were randomized control trials (RCTs), with the remainder being observational cohort studies, of which one was propensity score matched. Our meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 strategies in terms of clinically significant pocket hematoma (RR 1.70; CI 95% 0.84–3.45; p=0.14; I 2 0%), thromboembolic complications (RR 0.35; CI 95% 0.04–3.32; p=0.36; I 2 19%), and any pocket hematoma (RR 1.38; CI 95% 0.91–2.08; p=0.13; I 2 0%). Conclusion This meta-analysis highlights a similar safety profile of uninterrupted vs. interrupted DOAC therapy in patients undergoing CIED procedures. Uninterrupted DOAC therapy is a safe and reasonable strategy in these patients. More data is needed to help guide the best approach.

Background/Purpose Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are increasingly used in cardiac rhythm monitoring and diagnostic work-up of unexplained syncope. ILR battery longevity according to manufacturers’ product performance specifications typically ranges between two to four years, but real-world data in this population are lacking. Methods This monocentric, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients with unexplained syncope undergoing ILR implantation between 10/2007 and 10/2019 The main purpose was to determine real-world battery longevity of ILR. Diagnostic yield and relationship between arrhythmogenic diagnosis and duration of ILR-monitoring was explored. Results The study included 309 patients (59 years [38-73], 49% female) with ILR implantation for unexplained syncope. Median battery longevity was 42 [40-45] months. 99.5% of ILR reached prespecified battery longevity. The time to end-of-life varied by up to 33 months among the same ILR models. Overall arrhythmogenic diagnostic yield counted 27% (73% sick sinus syndrome, 20% atrioventricular block and 7% ventricular tachycardia). Median time to diagnosis was 10 [2-25] months, with the latest event at 43 months. The cumulative diagnostic yield for arrhythmogenic event was 15.7%, 22.9%, 34.9% , 54.2%, 72.3% and 100% at 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 months respectively. In univariate analysis, 1 st degree AV-block and prolonged HV time on EP study were predictors of diagnosis, while QRS duration abnormality borderline missed significance. Conclusions Real-world battery longevity of ILRs matched industry projected longevity in 99.5% of patients implanted with ILR for unexplained syncope. A battery longevity of minimum 3.5 years is recommended to maximize the diagnostic yield in this population.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia storm, defined as recurrent and sustained episodes of ventricular tachycardia leading to hemodynamic instability, is a life-threatening condition with complex management. It is often resistant to multiple therapeutic options, leading to high recurrence and mortality rates. This condition thus imposes significant clinical challenges and necessitates novel approaches. Stellate Ganglion Blockade (SGB) has been reported as a new procedure with promising results. Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the role of stellate ganglion blockade in refractory ventricular tachycardia storm as a therapeutic option by assessing its efficacy, safety, and associated outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy relied on PICO model (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Two independent reviewers screened the articles for inclusion & exclusion criteria. Data extraction was conducted for included articles using a standardized data extraction form. All included articles were assessed for their risk of bias with appropriate tools according to their study design. Results: 20 studies were included, representing a pooled sample size of 463 participants. Eleven studies reported the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmias within 72 hours of SGB, with 50.69% of their participants experiencing that occurrence. The calculated odds ratio (OR) for refractory ventricular arrhythmia (VA) occurrence, when compared to standard therapy such as stellate ganglion stimulation or antiarrhythmic medications, is 0.33 (95% CI 0.07-1.44). A favorable OR of 0.35 (95% CI 0.03-3.84) was also calculated for VA recurrence in less than 72 hours after intervention, comparing stellate ganglion blockade to other interventions. 44.22% of participants in studies that reported the occurrence of Horner Syndrome were symptomatic. However, combined with studies reporting independent ptosis, the percentage of participants experiencing Horner Syndrome and/or ptosis falls to 30.1%. Only seven studies reported periprocedural and/or postprocedural complications, with most reporting studies mentioning few to no complications. Furthermore, most complications seemed to resolve within a 2-week to 1-month timeframe. As for cardiovascular mortality following SGB, among the studies reporting it, an OR of 0.21 (95%CI 0.07-0.68) was calculated, favoring the blockade over stimulation or IKr-channel blocker administration in this specific outcome. The odds ratio for all-cause mortality also appeared to be lower in SGB groups than in other interventions/controls, with an odds ratio of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01-0.2). Conclusion: SGB is an effective therapy with a limited side effect profile for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia storm when considering all-cause mortality as compared to standard therapy. Further long-term data is still needed to consolidate these findings.

A document by Lin Chungyun. Click on the document to view its contents.

This review offers an extensive overview of recent advancements in the development of SACs for electrochemical water splitting. We critically assess the latest research on single-site, dual-site, and alloy SAC configurations, emphasizing their unique structural and electronic properties that enhance the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Finally, we identify current challenges and future research directions in the field, highlighting the potential of SACs to revolutionize the production of green hydrogen through efficient and sustainable water electrolysis.

COVID-19 is a positive sense, single stranded, enveloped RNA virus having the genomic size of 29.9 kbp. This virus was first observed in Wuhan, China on late December 2019 in a patient who reported the symptoms like viral pneumonia. WHO declared this virus a global health emergency on January 30, 2020. The sign and symptoms of this infection include shortness of breath, dry cough, chest pain, vomiting, nausea, confusion and skin discoloration. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via airborne, droplets and even touching of infected person to non-infected person. There are various risk factors physical as well as mental which are responsible for the infection such as age, gender, area, health facilities, economic status, education status, stress and depression. This review article is about the association between mental health and COVID-19 infection, describes key factors responsible for infection, its mechanism of pathogenicity and association between mental health and the COVID-19 infection.

The first total synthesis of neopetromin, featuring the highly strained Tyr C-6-to-Trp N-1′ linkage, is hereby reported. This modular synthetic strategy, employing C-H biarylation and Larock macrocyclization, offers a novel approach to the synthesis of various RiPPs natural product families.

Objective: To assess and compare the clinical aspects of uterine rupture by dividing the gestational age at uterine rupture occurrence into <37-week (preterm) and ≥37-week (term) groups. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: 187 acute-care hospitals in Japan. Population: Pregnant women diagnosed with uterine rupture. Methods: We conducted a large nationwide study using a national inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2022. The patients’ characteristics, in-hospital procedures, and outcomes were investigated and compared between those who developed uterine rupture at preterm and term groups. Main Outcome Measures: Hysterectomy, complications, proportion of blood transfusions, and postoperative length of stay. Results: In total, 298 eligible patients were identified (161 in preterm group and 137 in term group). The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum was significantly higher in the preterm than term group (18.0% vs. 6.6%, respectively; P = 0.003). Vacuum delivery (19.0% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001) and uterine fundal pressure (2.9% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004) were more likely to be applied in the term than preterm group. The maternal need for mechanical ventilation (26.3% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.003), the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (40.1% vs. 25.5%, P = 0.009), and the requirement for platelet transfusions (32.8% vs. 15.5%, P < 0.001) were greater in the term than preterm group. Additionally, the duration of the postoperative hospital stay was longer in the term group. Conclusions: This study shows that individual characteristics vary with the gestational age at uterine rupture and that the maternal morbidity rate is notably higher in term than preterm uterine ruptures.

Background：Clinical laboratory data, indicative of tumor cell growth and metabolic activity, warrants investigation for its potential in predicting lung cancer metastasis. Aims: The purpose is to develop a predictive model for regional lymph node involvement and skip metastasis in lung cancer using machine learning methods and integrating clinical laboratory information and patient characteristics. Methods: Data from lung cancer patients at Chongqing University Fuling Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into N (regional lymph node involvement prediction) and M (skip metastasis prediction) groups based on TNM staging criteria. Prognostic factors were determined through univariate analysis and LASSO regression, and machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models. Results: Out of a total of 1629 cases analyzed, 861 were in the N group and 519 were in the M group. Univariate analysis revealed 40 parameters that were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05) and 27 parameters, respectively. LASSO regression identified 13 characteristic factors for the N group and 12 for the M group. In the N group, these factors included tumor size, prothrombin time (PT), mean platelet volume, fibrinogen, platelet count, procalcitonin, carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), adenosine deaminase, red blood cell distribution width, thrombin time, smoking and drinking history. In the M group, the factors were cytokeratin 19 fragment, tumor size, CEA, CA 15-3, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen, alkaline phosphatase, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, calcium, albumin, PT, and absolute monocyte value. The test set results indicated that the Logistic regression model was optimal for both groups, achieving AUCs of 0.888 and 0.875, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of using machine learning algorithms alongside clinical characteristics and laboratory data to predict regional lymph node involvement and skip metastasis in lung cancer.

Testing is an important means to ensure the quality of software. With the increase of software change frequency, the efficiency of testing is required to be continuously improved. Among the many factors that affect the efficiency of software testing, the generation of test cases is very critical, and there is still a lack of effective methods. In this paper, a method of software test case generation driven by knowledge graph changes is proposed. Its purpose is to improve the efficiency of test case generation by using the change of knowledge graph to determine the test cases available for the changed software. Firstly, before and after the change of the software knowledge graph is constructed. Then, the changed entities and paths in the knowledge graph are identified, and the test cases available for the software after the change are filtrated by the similar entities. Meanwhile, the cases for testing the changed entities are generated by multi-objective optimization method. Finally, the above test cases are integrated to form a valid case set for testing the changed software. The proposed method is applied to six benchmark programs and compared with other algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of test case generation.

This paper studies the tracking problem for a class of nonlinearly parameterized multi-agent systems with the powers being unknown time-varying functions. The essence of the multi-agent systems and the serious uncertainties distinguish the question in this paper from the existing works. By combing the algebraic graph theory, adding a power integrator method and adaptive technique, a new distributed adaptive tracking controller is presented with a dynamic estimating the unknown parameters, which guarantees that both the system state and the control input are globally bounded and meanwhile, the tracking error can be adjusted to arbitrarily small. Finally, we offer a simulation to interpret the validity of the control scheme design.

background：Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome has been considered as a childhood syndrome. Its etiopathogeny is unknown however, currently considered as auto-immune inflammatory disease. Recently, a few cases of adult-onset of PFAPA syndrome have been reported. However, there is no report about the adult-onset of PFAPA case with a novel TNFAIP3 Mutation. Objective and Method: Followed by detailed clinical inquiry, related laboratory tests, genetic sequencing and treatment, we reported a case with the adult-onset of PFAPA syndrome with a novel TNFAIP3 Mutation. Results：we have found a novel mutation in the gene TNFAIP3 in an adult patient with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis—the PFAPA syndrome, under the environmental factor-COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion：This case demonstrated adult-onset of PFAPA symptoms, including periodic fever of unknown origin, which can occur in adult patients with the familial hereditary TNFAIP3 mutation and environmental factors. And the therapeutic measures provide some reference and practical significance for the treatment of PFAPA syndrome. Keywords: adult-onset of PFAPA, TNF alpha induced protein 3, periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis, case report

Background and Purpose: Many structurally and therapeutically diverse drugs block the human ether-à-go-go related gene (HERG) potassium channel, predisposing patients to an increased risk of arrythmias and sudden cardiac death. Many drugs show state-dependence of block, exhibiting a greater preference for block of the inactivated state. Five key residues within the central pore cavity of HERG have been implicated in drug binding. However, whether drugs bind differently to these key residues to dictate preference for the inactivated over the open state is not known. Experimental Approach: We used the SyncroPatch 384PE, automated patch clamp platform to measure how drug block was impacted by point mutations at residues T623, S624, Y652, and F656 when introduced into wild-type HERG (preferentially occupies the inactivated state) and N588K-HERG (preferentially occupies the open state) channels at depolarised potentials. Key Results: Mutations to Y652 and F656, that abolished aromatic and hydrophobic characteristics respectively, reduced drug binding in both WT and N588K backgrounds. The S624A mutation attenuated block by cisapride, astemizole, and quinidine in the WT background but not in the N588K background. Conclusion and Implications: We suggest that relative movements between the polar S624 sidechain and the aromatic Y652 and F656 sidechains in WT (inactivated) compared to N588K (open) channels can explain preferential binding to the inactivated state. An improved understanding of the structural basis of where and how drugs bind to HERG channels should facilitate efforts to reduce inadvertent HERG drug block during the drug development process.

A document by Dingfeng Zhang. Click on the document to view its contents.

[1](#fn-0002) Abstract—Real-time semantic segmentation is one of the most researched areas in the field of computer vision, and research on dual-branch networks has gradually become a popular direction in network architecture research. In this paper, we propose a dual-branch automatic driving image segmentation network integrating spatial and channel attention mechanisms, named ”BiAttentionNet”. The network aims to balance network accuracy and real-time performance by separately processing semantic information in high-level features and detail information in low-level features. BiAttentionNet consists of three main parts: the detail branch, the semantic branch, and the proposed attention-guided fusion layer. The detail branch extracts local and surrounding context features using the designed PCSD convolution module to process wide-channel low-level feature information. The semantic branch utilizes an improved lightweight Unet network to extract semantic information from deep narrow channels. Finally, the proposed attention-guided fusion layer fuses the features of the dual branches using detail attention and channel attention mechanisms to achieve image segmentation tasks in road scenes. Comparative experiments with recent mainstream networks such as BiseNet v2, Fast-SCNN, ConvNeXt, SegNeXt, Segformer, CGNet, etc., on the Cityscapes dataset show that BiAttentionNet achieves a highest accuracy of 65.89% in terms of mIoU metric for the backbone network. This validates the advanced and effective nature of the proposed BiAttentionNet.

The safety of the apron is crucial for aviation operations, and wingtip scraping incidents are a common occurrence in this area. However, existing airport apron conflict detection models have shortcomings such as low accuracy and poor real-time performance. This paper proposes a apron aircraft conflict detection model based on keypoint detection, which detects potential wingtip accidents by fusing pixel and real-world coordinate conversion methods and the improved YOLOLv8-Pose algorithm. Results on the wingtip conflict detection dataset indicate that our model, compared to the original YOLOv8-Pose, achieved an 87.3% increase in FPS, a 96.76% reduction in the number of parameters, and an 82.14% decrease in computational complexity. Keywords: Aviation; YOLOv8-Pose; Coordinate-conversion; Pose-LSCD; Real-time; Security

A document by Kunal Chakma. Click on the document to view its contents.

Purpose. The Therapeutic Alliance (TA) can be conceptualised in terms of three interrelated elements: (a) agreement between therapist and client about the goals of the treatment, (b) agreement between therapist and client about the necessary tasks to achieve the goals, and (c) a bond between therapist and client (Bordin, 1979, 1994). The aim of this review was to systematically identify and review relevant studies that have explored the association between client-therapist personality similarity on the Therapeutic Alliance. Method. We systematically searched the PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, COPAC, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases from 1960 to 2013. Of the 105 articles identified, 6 met inclusion criteria for the review. Of the 6 studies, four were conducted in the USA, one in Israel and one in the Netherlands. Results. One study found that clients reported a better-quality bond with the therapist when client-therapist personality similarity was greater. Five out of the 6 studies reviewed found support for the role of dissimilarity whereby differences between client and therapist were beneficial. Findings appear to differ depending on the characteristic examined, the specific component of TA, gender and whether the measure of TA is client or therapist reported Conclusions. This review has highlighted an under researched area of inquiry. Initial findings suggest that Therapist-Client Personality (dis)similarity is linked to therapeutic alliance. Key methodological and analytical differences across studies were also identified along with key challenges for future research. Practitioner Points: 1) Measurement of client and therapist Therapeutic Alliance is important 2) The differential effects of therapist-client personality (dis)similarity on the various components of TA (e.g., bond, task and goal setting) is important 3) The effect of therapist-client (dis)similarity varies depending on the personality trait being measured

Purpose. The study aimed to investigate how parental history of corporal punishment was related to offspring’s depression symptoms and to examine the role of dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship . Methods. Data from 2666 dyads of children and parents were retrived from the Taiwan Youth Project, which is a longitudinal project consisting of 9 waves with a 1-year interval between waves. Parents reported their history of corporal punishment at the first wave, and reported their dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship at the eighth wave. Offspring reported their dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship and depression symptoms at the nineth wave . Results. Parental history of corporal punishment did not directly predict offspring’s depression symptoms. Parent’s dissatisfaction with intimate partner relationship predicted offspring’s dissatisfaction with intimate parnter relationship. Parental history of corporal punishment negatively and indirectly affected offspring’s depression symptoms through the mediating effect of the continuity of intimate partner relationship dissatisfaction between parents and offspring. Conclusions. The results have important implications for the potential of increased resilience after exposure to corporal punishment in terms of its effect on intimate partner relationship and depression symptoms.

Background: Limited data are available regarding the infection status, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) afflicted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in China. Methods: We conducted a study on LTRs with COVID-19 caused by the Omicron Variant from November 17, 2022, to May 1, 2023. Clinical information was gathered retrospectively through electronic medical records, questionnaires, or follow-up telephone calls. Results: 178 LTRs with COVID-19 were included, with 50% (89/178) requiring hospitalization for an average stay of 16 days (IQR: 9.5-25.5 days). The most common symptoms were fever (79.8%), dry cough (75.3%) and fatigue (61.8%). Ultimately, 17 recipients succumbed to COVID-19-related respiratory failure or secondary multiple organ dysfunction, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 9.6%. Of the 89 hospitalized patients, 41.6% (37/89) eventually progressed to severe or critical disease, forming the Severe/Critical Group (S/C group), while the remaining 58.4% (52/89) had mild to moderate disease (M/M group). In comparison to the M/M group, the S/C group had higher CRP (59.6 vs. 16.8 mg/L, P＜0.01), ESR (45.5 vs. 22.5mm/h, P＜0.01) and D-dimer (1.09 vs. 0.65 mg/L, P＜0.05), but lower CD3 + T lymphocytes (577 vs. 962 cells/ul, P＜0.01) and CD4 + T lymphocytes (217 vs. 427 cells/ul, P＜0.01). The S/C group had significantly higher rates of combined pulmonary bacterial infection (67.6% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) and pulmonary fungal infection (73.0% vs. 38.5%, P＜0.01) during the course of COVID-19, nearly double that of the M/M group. In a multivariate logistic analysis, elevated CRP (>41.8mg/L), combined pulmonary fungal infection, and interstitial lung disease(ILD) as primary disease emerged as high-risk factors for developing the severe disease phenotype following Omicron variant infection in LTRs, with respective OR values of 4.23 (95% CI: 1.68-11.23), 4.76 (95% CI: 1.59-15.64), and 5.13 (95% CI: 1.19-29.17). Conclusions: LTRs displayed an increased vulnerability to combined lung bacterial or fungal infections following Omicron infection. CRP> 41.8mg/L, ILD as primary disease, and combined pulmonary fungal infection are high-risk factors for developing severe disease.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown We estimated XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults aged ≥65 years during the 2023/24 JN.1 lineage-predominant period in a European multi-country test-negative case-control study at primary care level. We estimated VE adjusted by study site, age, sex, chronic conditions and onset date. We included 220 cases and 1733 controls. The VE was 48% (95% CI: 12–71), 23% (95% CI: -11–48) and 5% (95% CI: -92–56) among those with symptom onset 1–5 , 6–11, and ≥12 weeks after vaccination, respectively. XBB.1.5 vaccine provided short and moderate protection against JN.1 symptomatic infection.