Note: Proliferation and expansion  of Lab-on-a-Chip diagnostic nanosensors in DNA detection is  a more specialized function of nanochips or gene and protein microarrays containing markers against the entire human genome to investigate genetic changes.Gene and protein microarrays in very small sizes with the capability of molecular detection based on DNA sequence and human proteins and other pathogenic agents that are used for research purposes. With the proliferation of biological nano sensors and Lab on a chip micro elements, medical diagnostic laboratories are able to examine and measure hundreds of biological substances, from counting blood cells to the detailed examination of blood factors and other body fluids and tissues, pathology  laboratories Clinically, various types of imaging systems such as  radiology, ultrasound, endoscopy, CT scan, MRI and other specialized diagnostic methods for examining various diseases  such as angiography, echocardiography, echocardiography, and other organs are highly developed. Is .  With the development of human knowledge in the fields of cellular and molecular sciences, genetics and identification of genes responsible for various diseases, Determining the sequence of the genome of pathogenic agents, checking and comparing them and creating genomic databases, developing molecular diagnostic methods,  specialized laboratories using these methods for accurate diagnosis of infectious pathogens, some genetic disorders and even in some cases for prenatal diagnosis. and the possibility of the fetus suffering from severe hereditary diseases and used to determine the gender of the fetus.

Note: The dynamic process of sorting and precise positioning of nano particle biomass in pre-defined microstructures is very important, however, this is a major obstacle to the realization of surface-sensitive nanobiosensors and practical nano bio chips.A scalable, widespread and non-destructive trapping method based on dielectric forces is much needed for nanoparticle collection and nanobiosensing tools.  Here, we present a vertical nanogap architecture with an electrode-insulator-electrode stack structure.  Facilitate the generation of strong dielectric forces at low voltages, for precise capture and manipulation of nanoparticles and molecular assemblies, including lipid vesicles and amyloid-beta fibrillar proteins/oligomers.  Our vertical nanoplastic platform allows low-voltage nanoparticles recorded in optical dimensional designs, providing new opportunities for the fabrication of advanced surface-sensitive sensors.

Note: Nano  bioelectrical biosensors have been created for various applications such as food quality estimation, environmental monitoring and diagnosis of clinical and metabolic complications.  Nanoelectronics technology has dedicated some very exciting materials to improve the sensing phenomenon.  The use of various nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanotubes, and nanowires, causes faster identification and reproducibility in a much better way.The unique properties of nanomaterials such as high electrical conductivity, better shock tolerance,  and sensitive responses such as versatile piezo-electric and color detection mechanisms are only results of the multitude of properties of nanomaterials.  Different types of biosensors are propagated based on different types of nanomaterials and their developmental and implicit aspects. The measurement of biological responses has assumed great importance in the current scenario of ever-dynamic environmental developments and altered homeostatic events that   occur  at the in vivo  as well as  intracorporeal level  .  Analyzing the behavior of changing materials is of great importance in areas such as pharmaceutical diagnostics, food quality screening, and environmental applications.

Process heat electrification offers the prospect of deep decarbonization of the process industries. Replacing fossil fuel-fired boilers with electric ones can reduce carbon emissions if power is supplied from a grid with a high proportion of renewables. For multinational firms with plants in multiple locations, the electrification decisions should be scheduled based on grid carbon intensity projections and coordinated among these subsidiaries; in addition, carbon credits can be traded among the multiple sites to allow lagging plants to reduce their carbon footprints. Here we develop a novel mathematical model to optimize process heat electrification policies in multinational corporations. The model determines the optimal timing of electrification at each location, and also the necessary level of carbon trading within the multinational firm. An illustrative case study demonstrates how the proposed model can be used to generate electrification plans that are superior to those based on simple heuristics.

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CitationMap is an open-sourced Python-based tool designed to identify and visualize the geographical distribution of Google Scholar citations. By retrieving citation data and mapping them onto the world map, CitationMap offers researchers an intuitive way to understand the global impact of their work. We first present the motivation, features, and implementation details, highlighting its unique capabilities compared to existing tools. Next, we demonstrate its performance as it processes profiles of six researchers with citation counts ranging from \(10^0\) to \(10^5\). Finally, we discuss its limitations and propose directions for further improvement.

AbstractThe fintech industry is transforming financial services across Africa, offering innovative solutions to enhance financial inclusion, economic growth, and technological advancement. This article provides an in-depth analysis of fintech developments in Africa, with a particular focus on Ghana. It examines the impact of mobile money services like MTN MoMo, highlights the challenges and opportunities in the sector, and discusses the future trajectory of fintech in the region. The study leverages case studies, statistical data, and regulatory frameworks to present a comprehensive overview of the fintech landscape in Ghana and its implications for the broader African context.

Northern temperate forests are experiencing changes from climate and acidification recovery that influence catchment nitrate-nitrogen (N) flushing behavior. N flushing behavior is characterized by metrics such as: (a) N flushing time—the exponential decrease in stream N concentration during the peak snowmelt episode; and (b) N concentration (C) and discharge (Q) hysteresis metrics—flushing index (FI) and hysteresis index (HI)—representing the slope, direction and amplitude of the C-Q loop. We hypothesize that climate-driven hydrologic intensification results in longer N flushing times, lower FI (less flushing to more diluting), and lower HI (less proximal to more distal N sources). We tested this hypothesis using 38 years of data from two headwater catchments. Hydrologic intensification was estimated by changes in the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation and the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to precipitation. From 1982 to 2005, a period of hydrologic intensification and a decline in atmospheric acidic deposition was associated with a decrease in C and Q, leading to stable C-Q patterns that reflected flushing (positive FI) of proximal N sources (positive HI). However, from 2006 to 2019, a period of hydrologic de-intensification coupled with an ongoing decline in atmospheric acidic deposition was associated with a continued decrease in C but an increase in Q, leading to unstable C-Q patterns that reflected diluting (negative FI) of distal N sources (negative HI). C-Q instability was buffered in the catchment with a large wetland, indicating the potential of wetlands to buffer against changing climate conditions.

The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality in seven major Chinese cities was investigated by utilizing long-term datasets of air pollutants and meteorological conditions from 2016 to 2021. Generalized additive model (GAM) was developed to predict air quality during the lockdown period. The model accounting for weather conditions demonstrated high accuracy with predictions compared against measurements during the lockdown. Significant reductions in NO₂, CO, and PM₁₀ concentrations were observed primarily due to decreased vehicular traffic and industrial activities. Notable reductions were particularly evident in cities with high traffic volumes and industrial emissions prior to the lockdown. The study also employed transfer learning to enhance the accuracy of lockdown model with limited data. Despite occasional anomalies caused by specific events like fireworks and agricultural burning, the findings suggest that extended training periods and advanced modeling techniques can significantly improve air quality predictions. This research highlights the potential long-term benefits of sustained reductions in human activities and provides valuable insights for future air quality management and policy-making.

The Local Color display technology utilizes a high refresh rate LCD open-cell without a color filter, and enables color adjustment through independent RGB backlight zones that are isolated by an Anti-Scatter Grid (ASG). Synchronized calibration between the open-cell and the backlight zones is achieved by aligning the backlight controller with the Vertical Clock Pulse (CPV) / Vertical Start Pulse (STV) signals in the open-cell gate driver, thereby determining the open-cell scan line position. After the synchronous calibration is completed, the backlight controller refreshes the corresponding RGB backlight zones whenever the open-cell scan line passes through them. The Local Color display technology can reduce the cost of open-cell by 20%, improve the resolution to 3x, improve the brightness to 8x, improve the color gamut to BT2020, and improve the grayscale to 32-bits.

A document by Chen Liu. Click on the document to view its contents.

Karl Marx spent 30 years analyzing the capitalist mode of production and it's dynamics in his book "The Capital". One of those dynamics were the competition between capitalists and its consequences, one of which being periodic crisis, another-the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. In this paper I will attempt to model these dynamics using mathematics. For the purpose of this model, I will define parameters and assume an economy of n private firms.

Note: The carbon atoms of a graphitic sheet (graphene) form a planar lattice network, where each atom is connected to three neighboring atoms through a strong chemical bond. Because of these strong bonds, the elastic modulus of graphite base is one of the largest known materials.For this reason, CNTs are final fibers with high strength. SWNTs are harder than steel and are highly resistant to damage from physical forces. Pressing on the tip of the nanotube causes it to bend, but without damaging the tip. When the force is removed, the tip returns to its original position.

Note: NEMS and surface-to-body (BULK) micromachining technology, plus  LIGA-like and LIGA or high-aspect ratio  technologies, are the most developed manufacturing methods.Silicon  is the primary substrate used in the nano- microelectronics industry  . A crystal mold (  solid core 300nm diameter and 100nm nanometer long) is  crystallized from very high purity silicon and  cut to the desired thickness and then  polished by mechanical and chemical polishing  technologies. The characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical beads are  due to the crystallization of the crystal and  its predicted impurities.

Note: Nanostructure is defined as any structure with one or more dimensions and is measured in the range of nanometer scale.Nanostructures are materials or structures that have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers have. The importance of the nanoscale is in changing the properties and characteristics of materials in these dimensions. Properties such as electrical conductivity, electromagnetic properties, etc. Starting to change the properties of the material by shrinking it depends above all on the type of material and the desired property. For example, by shrinking the dimensions of a material, generally, some of the electromagnetic properties of nano-molecular materials, such as the conductivity of nano particles in materials, are improved. This increase in strength does not happen only in the range of a few nanometers, and the strength of materials of several tens or even hundreds of nanometers may be much more than the mass material of a large scale. On the other hand, the change of some properties such as conductivity in electromagnetic properties in nanowires can occur in dimensions of only a few nanometers.

A document by Kamal Acharya. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Kamal Acharya. Click on the document to view its contents.

In its first part, this article develops a variational formulation for the incompressible Euler system in fluid mechanics. The results are based on standard tools of calculus of variations and constrained optimization. In a second step, we present a variational formulation for a compressible Euler system in fluid mechanics assuming an approximately constant scalar field of temperature. In the subsequent sections we also present variational formulations for the Navier-Stokes system and for a relativistic fluid motion. Finally, in the last sections, we develop a duality principle applied to a Ginzburg-Landau type equation.

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients that promote plant growth, development and maintain the stability of ecosystem structure and function. Analyzing the C, N, and P characteristics of plant leaves aids in understanding the plant’s nutrient status and nutrient limitation. Seasonal water level fluctuations in riparian zones lead to various ecological problems, such as reduced biodiversity and decreased ecosystem stability. Therefore, comprehending the stoichiometric characteristics of riparian zone plants and their nutrient response to plant traits is important for a deeper insight into riparian zone forest ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the C, N, and P contents of the leaves of 44 woody plants in the riparian zone of the Dahuofang Reservoir to investigate the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P of trees in the region. The results showed that the average C content of the leaves in woody plants was 446.9 g·kg-1; the average N content was 28.42 g·kg-1; and the average P content was 2.26 g·kg-1. Compared to global and regional scales, woody plants in the riparian zone of the Dahuofang Reservoir exhibited higher N and P contents but lower N:P ratios. Compared to other riparian zones, woody plant leaves in the riparian zone of Dahuofang Reservoir had relatively high N content and N:P ratios. Variations in plant stoichiometric characteristics across different life forms were minimal, with only tree leaf P content significantly lower than its in shrubs. There was no significant correlation between leaf C, N, and P in woody plants, while specific leaf area showed a negative correlation with leaf C content. It was preliminarily determined that trees were more affected by N elements during the growing season. This study provides a scientific foundation for riparian restoration and environmental protection in the region.

AbstractA study by Ioannidis et al. (2024) investigates extreme publishing behavior, defined as publishing over 60 scientific articles in a single year. This phenomenon is attributed to both genuinely prolific authors and those benefiting from consortium agreements or questionable practices like gift authorship. This study uses PubPeer to investigate potential unethical practices among hyperprolific authors in Earth & Environmental Sciences to differentiate genuine productivity from spurious behavior. The study focused on hyperprolific authors, defined as those publishing over 73 papers annually. Using the database used by the  Ioannidis et al.’s study, 41 such authors could be found in Earth & Environmental Sciences. Their H-index ranged from 26 to 188, with a median of 102. Hyperprolific behavior increased sharply, from a few authors in 2005 to 22 in 2022. The top hyperprolific authors, including Guangming Zeng, M. Santosh, Mika E.T. Sillanpää, and Yong Sik Ok exhibited extremely high publication rates accompanied by a good number of PubPeer entries. Several authors faced significant PubPeer scrutiny, such as Yong Sik Ok, Jorg Rinklebe, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Ali Shafaqat, Muhammad Rizwan, and M. Santosh, indicating potential concerns about their publication practices. These findings highlight the need for deeper investigation into the practices behind high publication rates to maintain scientific integrity and rigorous authorship standards. IntroductionA new study by Ioannidis et al. 2024 examines the phenomenon of extreme publishing behavior. Extreme publishing defined as having more than 60 scientific articles published in a single year (over 1 article every 6 days). Using Scopus database, from 2000 to 2022 across various countries and scientific fields, the study found 3191 extreme publishing authors were identified outside of Physics and 12624 within Physics.The behavior is attributed to both genuinely prolific authors and those benefiting from consortium agreements or questionable practices like gift authorship. Key findings include: China had the highest number of extreme publishers outside Physics, followed by the USA. Significant increases in extreme publishing were observed in countries like Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Spain, India, Italy, Russia, Pakistan, and South Korea. In 2022, Clinical Medicine had the most extreme publishers outside Physics (n=678). While there is a good number of extreme publishers in Earth & Environmental Sciences (n = 57).The study found extreme publishers represented 4360 of the top 10000 most-cited authors across all sciences. The study highlights the increasing prevalence of extreme publishing and its potential to undermine authorship standards in scientific research. The study found that extreme publishers represented 4360 of the top 10000 most-cited authors across all sciences. This rise in extreme publishing, as noted by Ioannidis et al. 2024, may be due to more lenient authorship practices, evolving norms of co-authorship, or unethical practices such as paper mills. The study did not attempt to identify whether these authors are associated with overtly unethical practices like paper mills or citation cartels, as such characterizations would require in-depth evaluations of individual CVs and meticulous investigative work.While some exceptionally talented scientists may achieve this as head of a lab or director of institute through productivity and collaboration, there is growing concern that spurious and unethical practices, such as gift authorship, paper mills, and citation cartels, may contribute significantly to these high publication rates. To explore these concerns, PubPeer, an online platform for post-publication peer review, serves as a valuable resource.PubPeer allows researchers to comment on and scrutinize published papers, highlighting potential methodological flaws, errors, or ethical issues. By examining the entries on PubPeer for hyperprolific authors in Earth & Environmental Sciences, the study seeks to identify patterns of questionable practices and assess the integrity of the publications. This analysis will help differentiate between genuine scientific contributions and those potentially driven by unethical behavior. Ultimately, the study aims to enhance the understanding of extreme publishing behavior, promote transparency, and uphold the standards of scientific research. MethodsUsing the database used by Ioannidis et al. (2024) and available by Collins et al. (2024). The database of non-physics hyperprolific was downloaded. This study only uses the hyperprolific authors, defined as at a given calendar year if the author had their names listed as an author in more than 1 full article every 5 days, i.e. 73 or more full articles per year. This study only look at authors in Earth & Environmental Sciences.The hyperprolific authors were extracted, and their names were searched in PubPeer. PubPeer is an online platform where scientists and researchers can comment on and discuss published scientific papers. It allows users to provide post-publication peer review by highlighting potential issues such as methodological flaws, errors, or ethical concerns. PubPeer aims to improve the quality and integrity of scientific research by fostering transparency and accountability.  ResultsThe database was extracted for hyperprolific authors in Earth & Environmental Sciences. There are 41 authors with publication of 73 to 258 papers per year, a median of 85 papers. These authors are highly cited with H index from 26 to 188, a median of 102. The hyperprolific behaviour started in 2005 with 1-3 authors but  jumped to 7 In 2016 and rapidly increased each year 10 in 2019 and 22 in 2022.Appendix 1 displays the 41 hyperprolific authors in Earth & Environmental Sciences and their number of PubPeer Entries. Some authors face significant scrutiny, such as M. Santosh with 244 entries, Jorg Rinklebe with 448 entries, and Muhammad Rizwan with 72 entries, Mika E.T. Sillanpää (77 entries), Yong Sik Ok (180 entries), Daniel C.W. Tsang (93 entries), and Sunil Kumar (140 entries). These high numbers suggest potential concerns about their publication practices and warrant closer examination, with recurring methodological or ethical questions raised by the scientific community.Several authors (13 out of 41) have no PubPeer entries, such as Yongzhen Peng (0 entries) and Philippe Ciais (0 entries). This indicates their work has faced less public scrutiny. Notably, some authors with high PubPeer entries, like Yong Sik Ok, Ki Hyun Kim, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Ali Shafaqat, Muhammad Rizwan, and Jorg Rinklebe, are identified as collaborators, hinting at potential networks of frequent co-authorships and editorial practices that may need further investigation for ethical standards.Table 1 identifies 15 authors with hyperprolific publishing behavior in Earth & Environmental Sciences, characterized by consistently extremely high publication rates between 2000 and 2022. The top authors include Guangming Zeng (Hunan University, China) with 2159 papers, M. Santosh (University of Adelaide, Australia) with 1183 papers and 244 PubPeer entries, and Mika E.T. Sillanpää (University of South Africa) with 993 papers and 77 PubPeer entries. Other notable authors include Yong Sik Ok (Korea University, 730 papers, 180 PubPeer entries), and Yongzhen Peng (Beijing University of Technology, 1167 papers). Several authors have significant PubPeer scrutiny, such as Jorg Rinklebe (Wuppertal University, 448 entries) and M. Santosh, suggesting potential concerns about their publication practices. These findings highlight the need for closer examination of the practices leading to such high publication rates. Author_name N hyperprolific years Mean hyperprolific papers/year Pubs_2000_2022 N Pubpeer entries Affiliation Zeng,Guangming 12 140 2159 2 Hunan University, China Santosh,M. 10 93 1183 244 University of Adelaide, Australia Sillanpää,Mika E.T. 8 91 993 77 University of Johannesberg, South Africa Ok,Yong Sik 6 91 730 180 Korea University, S Korea Peng,Yongzhen 6 80 1167 0 Beijing University of Technology, China Kim,Ki Hyun 5 89 924 36 Hanyang University, China   Cao,Junji 4 81 801 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences, China   Tsang,Daniel C.W. 4 103 572 93 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China   Ali,Shafaqat 3 91 490 60 Government College University, Pakistan Guo,Yuming 3 83 470 2 Monash University, Australia Iqbal,Hafiz M.N. 3 114 541 53 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico Xing,Baoshan 3 78 831 5 University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA Ciais,Philippe 2 99 499.5 0 Université Paris Saclay, France Kumar,Ponnusamy Senthil 2 162 530 27 SSN College of Engineering, India Rinklebe,Jorg 2 89 405 448 Wuppertal University, Germany

This study presents results from a long-term measurement campaign on a research wind turbine in the field. Pressure measurements are conducted at 25% blade radius over several months. Together with inflow measurements provided by a LiDAR system, they form an extensive dataset which is used in the validation of numerical aerodynamic models.  The model validation is conducted based on both ten-minute average data as well as time-resolved unsteady data. Initially, it is investigated how representative ten-minute average pressure measurements are of the underlying unsteady aerodynamics. Binned ten-minute average pressure distributions are then analysed together with their numerical counterpart, consisting of a combination of rotor and airfoil level aerodynamic/aeroelastic simulation results using average environmental and operating conditions as input. Finally, time-resolved measurements and simulation results are compared, validating the aeroelastic tools’ capability to reproduce unsteady aerodynamics.  Overall, reasonable agreement is found between numerical simulations and field experiment data showcasing two aspects: Low-fidelity numerical tools remain relevant for simulating modern multi-megawatt wind turbines and long-term pressure measurements provide invaluable means for validating such tools.

Addressing the sensitivity of permanent magnet synchronous motors to external disturbances, a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) strategy is proposed to suppress sliding mode jitter and enhance speed regulation performance. First, an advanced non-singular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) surface and a new adaptive power rate reaching law (NAPRRL) were developed. A new switching function replaces the conventional sign function to enhance the system’s disturbance immunity and dynamic response speed. Then, the system’s anti-interference performance was further enhanced by introducing an improved novel sliding mode observer (INSMO) for feedback compensation of the aggregate disturbance. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validations demonstrate that the NSMC control strategy exhibits superior performance in both the start-up response and load disturbance phases, with enhanced dither-resistance, rapid dynamic response, and disturbance suppression capabilities.

This letter presents a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) based on a series of continuous modes (SCMs). A novel filtering matching network is proposed for realizing the output matching network (OMN) of the PA. The network consists of a branch-loaded cascade-coupled microstrip line structure (BLCCMLS) and a harmonic control network (HCN). The cascaded coupled microstrip line extends the bandwidth of the filter, and this filtering OMN has high bandpass selectivity and high out-of-band rejection, which improves the efficiency of the PA. For demonstration, a 10W GaN HEMT device is used to design and implement a PA. The measurement results indicate that the designed PA achieved an output power (Pout) of 38.7-42 dBm, a drain efficiency (DE) of 60.5%-74.1%, and a gain of 8.7-12 dB at 2.05-2.7 GHz.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Optimum performance of co-existing radar and communication (CRC) system is a challenging task when target and user exist within a crowded area where path-loss is dominant. Inspired by the application of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in reconstructing the wireless transmission environment, this paper investigates deploying IRS to the CRC system to pursue performance improvement. Particularly, we consider an IRS-assisted CRC system where the IRS not only provides an indirect communication path but inevitably introduces additional interfering paths. Our goal is to maximize the radar signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR) by jointly optimizing the transmit beamform and the phase of IRS while satisfying the user SINR, the total transmit power at the radar and base station (BS), the restriction of IRS phaseshift. An efficient alternative optimization algorithm combining the second-order cone programming (SOCP) and semidefinite programming (SDP) optimization methods is exploited to solve the complicated non-convex unit-norm problem. Simulation results reveal the advantages of deploying IRS in the CRC system and the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.