A document by Jihun Jeon. Click on the document to view its contents.

IPMSM drive systems which are driven by matrix converters have many advantages, including one-stage power conversion, high efficiency, bidirectional power transfer, near unity input power factor, and low input current harmonics. However, the DC-link voltage of the matrix-converter is varied from 0.866 to because a large electrolytic capacitor is not used. These voltage variations deteriorate the dynamic current and speed responses and reduce the adjustable speed range of the IPMSM drive systems. In addition, the variations of the external load and inertia are very large for matrix-converter based drive systems. To solve this problem, two adaptive controllers are investigated in this paper for matrix-converter PMSM drive systems. From the experimental results, the proposed two adaptive speed controllers are superior to the PI speed controller, including faster transient responses, better tracking abilities, and greater robustness. As a result, the proposed matrix-converter based IPMSM drive system is suitable in many industrial applications.

Abstract

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the advantage of endovascular procedures in correctly diagnosing unusual pathologies and providing minimally invasive treatment for metastatic symptom relief.

Title: Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Post Renal TransplantKey Clinical Message: Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare dermatological condition caused by a virus that predominantly affects immunosuppressed individuals. In this patient population, including organ transplant recipients, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for possible infectious causes of persistent dermatologic conditions. Early diagnosis can facilitate treatment and help avoid disease progression and complications.

A document by Chanchal Maheshwari. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Chanchal Maheshwari. Click on the document to view its contents.

Note: The dimensions of the antenna and nano system or nano sensor set, working frequency, power losses, range and dimensions of the sensor network, the structure and facilities of the power supply system and the physical platform of communication between different parts of a nano system are the main factors and parameters that every One is decisive and determines the ability to build and the performance of the final system.Nano network is a communication network at nano scale between nano devices. Nano devices face certain challenges in performance due to limitations in power management processing ability .  Therefore, these devices are expected to perform simple tasks that require different and new approaches. 

Note: nanotube antennas at a glance  First, it gives us the impression that it is similar to the Dipole antenna, which is designed in small dimensions  has been But in fact it is not the case. In the main theory of Dipole antennas to determine the current distribution on the antenna, that the Dipole radius is larger than the skin depth and also Resistance losses are so low that they can be ignored.with noticing that the nanodipole L/d is significantly reduced, it cannot be used . is completely excluded. Because here the electrons are only allowed to move along the conductor string and therefore the current distribution is effectively one-dimensional. In addition to the fact that the electrons only move in one dimension, there are two important issues. Also happens, large inductance and resistance. These characteristics create a very different behavior for nanotube antennas compared to classical antennas. The main difference is that the current distribution is alternating with a wavelength that is 100 times smaller than the free space wavelength for a certain thermal frequency. The wavelength of current distribution depends on the wave speed in that mode. If the speed of the wave is the same as the speed of light, the wavelength of the current distribution is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in free space. On the other hand, the wave speed in nanotubes is about one hundred times lower than the speed of light. This is because in circuit theory, the wave speed is equal to the inverse of the square root of the capacitive capacitance per unit length multiplied by the inductive capacitance per unit length.  In one-dimensional electric conductors such as nanotubes, the skin depth mode.

Note: The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is very small. Rectangular microstrip antennas are generally narrow. The bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antennas is usually 3%. Second, the microstrip antenna is designed to operate at 100 MHz, but  has a resonance of about 96 MHz. This change is due to the marginal fields around the antenna, which makes the  microstrip antenna appear longer.The microstrip antenna should be half the wavelength in the dielectric medium (substrate). The width  of the micro-strip antenna controls the input impedance. Larger bandwidth can also increase bandwidth. For a square patch antenna powered by the above method, the input impedance will be about 300 ohms. By increasing the width, the impedance can be reduced. However, to reduce the input impedance to 50 ohms, you often need a very wide microstrip antenna that takes up a lot of valuable space. More width  controls the radiation pattern. Communication between nano-devices is a major challenge related to the development of nano-antennas and related electromagnetic receivers. Reduce the size of a traditional  antenna  to hundreds of nanometers Leads to  very high operating frequencies  . At THz band frequencies, the very large bandwidth available leads to the loss of a much higher path than the lower frequency bands.

Note: by placing the rectifier properly in the place of the nano antenna feed gap, the desired DC power is produced.In the Solar Rectenna system, millions of nano antennas with a rectifier are conveniently placed next to each other and each one is individually produced  which is a semiconductor diode with low voltage drop and relatively fast response speed  is capable of rectifying and detecting signals with a frequency of up to 5 < a has i=9>terahertz. MIM diode can be used as a replacement for Schottky diode due to the femtosecond tunneling time and increased response speed  It is used in the infrared and visible frequency range.

A document by Adrien Osakwe. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Radiofrequency(RF) ablation of premature ventricular complexes(PVCs) is a well-established treatment for patients high PVCs burden, even when arising from epicardial/intramural localization. Consistent data about safety of using high power RF is lacking in literature in these regions. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate safety of different RF power settings, efficacy and outcome of non-endocardial PVCs ablation. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent PVC ablation were included (2017-2023). We defined “Non-Endocardial Radiofrequency Ablation”(NERA) a procedure in which at least one ablation site has been identified into the cardiac venous system, aortic cusps, inter-leaflet region or pulmonary cusps. Results: Total number of NERA sites was 64 in 53 procedures. In 63% of the procedures, high power (≥40W) and in 60% long duration (≥60 seconds) RF was delivered in at least one site (mean power:37±9W(15-50), mean duration of single RF 88±65 seconds (30-304)). In 21% of the procedures, a combination of both high power and long duration RF applications was performed. Procedural success was achieved in 47 procedures(84%). Only one severe complication (pericardial bleeding) was observed. In 22(39%) procedures, multisite ablation was performed which was associated with procedural failure (OR 7,47;p=0,01). During follow-up, mean and median PVC burden reduction were 69±41% and 96% respectively. Multisite ablation and coronary venous system RF were predictors of recurrence (HR 3.6;p=0.026 and HR 3.85;p=0.014). Conclusion: Ablation from non-endocardial sites is a safe and effective procedure, even using high power and/or long duration RF with clear benefit in terms of PVC burden reduction.

Gut microbial communities confer protection against natural pathogens in important pollinators from the genera Bombus and Apis. In commercial species B. terrestris and B. impatiens, the microbiota increases their resistance to the common and virulent trypanosomatid parasite Crithidia bombi. However, the mechanisms by which gut microorganisms protect the host are still unknown. Here, we test two hypotheses: microbiota protect the host 1) through stimulation of its immune response or protection of the gut epithelium and 2) by competing for resources with the parasite inside the gut. To test them, we reduced the microbiota of workers and fed part of them with microbiota supplements. We exposed them to an infectious dose of C. bombi and characterised gene expression and gut microbiota composition. We examined the expression of three antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and Mucin-5AC, a gene with a putative role in gut epithelium protection, using qPCR. Although a protective effect against C. bombi was observed in bumblebees with supplemented microbiota, we did not observe an effect of the microbiota on gene expression that could explain alone the protective effect observed. On the other hand, we found an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus bacteria within the gut of infected workers and a negative correlation of this genus with Gilliamella and Snodgrassella genera. Therefore, our results point to a displacement of bumblebee endosymbionts by C. bombi that might be caused by competition for space and nutrients between the parasite and the microbiota within the gut.

IntroductionThe term overlap syndrome includes a large group of conditions characterized by the coexistence of signs, symptoms, and immunological features of two or more connective tissue diseases occurring simultaneously in the same patient.1 It is very rare to see an overlap of inflammatory myositis and SLE and it has not been well studied.2 With variable epidemiological data, most often diagnosed concurrently with SLE.3 In contrast to myalgia which can affect nearly half of patients with SLE, true myositis is relatively rare as shown by some studies.11Myositis can occur before, after SLE, or sporadically both diseases can be present simultaneously.10Myositis associated with overlap syndromes is usually of paroxysmal variety and has been associated with one or another of connective tissue disorders.1 Raised serum creatine kinase is found to correspond with underlying myositis in patients with SLE.12 Furthermore, the presence of myositis-specific antibodies such as anti-U1RNP, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, anti-Sm or anti-PM-Scl is suggestive of an overlap myositis.13,12

Introduction:Currently, prostate cancer ranks second in global incidence among malignant tumors in males and fifth in mortality.1Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a rare and highly aggressive histological subtype of prostate cancer, typically manifesting after hormonal therapy for prostate cancer and often associated with anti-androgen therapy Approximately 17% of men diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate may undergo complete or partial neuroendocrine differentiation following androgen deprivation therapy, leading to a condition known as treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). Remarkably, only one percent of NEPC cases are an initial diagnosis.2 The pathological types of t-NEPC encompass small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma, with small-cell prostate cancer being the most prevalent.3 Small-cell prostate cancer exhibits a heightened propensity for multi-organ metastasis and secretes various hormones capable of inducing paraneoplastic syndromes, such as pro-adrenocorticotropic and antidiuretic.4 The production of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone by prostate cancer is a rare phenomenon, with fewer than 50 documented cases to date.5 This paper presents a case study involving a patient who developed ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) following androgen deprivation therapy, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy, culminating in a pathological transformation to small-cell prostate cancer. Notably, the patient presented primarily with intractable hypokalemia and hypertension and did not have typical Cushing-like symptoms.

A document by Bilel HAMDI. Click on the document to view its contents.

L-carnitine is an essential co-factor for mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism which is an important source of energy in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Physiological concentrations of L-carnitine are maintained in man by exogenous dietary intake and endogenous synthesis. Valproic acid is a fatty acid used for numerous therapeutic indications ranging from epilepsy to bipolar disorder. The metabolism of valproic acid produces both therapeutic and toxic metabolites. Whilst it has a good safety profile, adverse effects of valproic acid in chronic use include hepatotoxicity ranging from transient elevation of liver enzymes to fulminant liver failure and hyperammonaemia with resultant encephalopathy. There is evidence supporting the use of L-carnitine in treating hyperammonaemia and hepatotoxicity following chronic therapeutic use and after acute overdose of valproic acid, but the optimal dose and route of administration is unknown. Following exogenous oral administration of L-carnitine, the bioavailability ranges from 14-18%. After bolus intravenous administration of L-carnitine in doses ranging from 20 to 100 mg/kg, the volume of distribution is 0.2-0.3 L/kg and the fraction excreted unchanged in urine is 0.73-0.95 suggesting that renal clearance of L-carnitine is dose-dependent due to saturable renal re-absorption at supra-physiological concentrations. Based on the pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, we advocate the administration of L-carnitine for valproic-acid induced hyperammonaemia or hepatotoxicity as an intravenous loading dose of 5 mg/kg followed by a continuous intravenous infusion instead of the oral or intravenous boluses which are currently advocated.

This paper introduces a millimeter-wave Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) filtering antenna featuring four adjustable radiation nulls, with two located in each of its upper and lower stop bands. These nulls are tunable by altering the dimensions of stepped-impedance resonators, complementary U-slots, and passive coplanar parasitic patches. The antenna offers the benefits of individually adjustable radiation nulls and the flexible modification of selectivity and gain curve roll-off. Simulation results indicate the antenna operates at a central frequency of 25.4 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 14.3% (23.76–27.04 GHz), and attains an average gain of 7.6 dBi.

Magnetic field focusing in longitudinal direction has been a missing link for three-dimensional synthesized magnetic focusing (3-D SMF). Deep magnetic focusing (DMF) by multiple coaxial coils, a sort of 3-D SMF, is firstly proposed in this paper, where magnetic field becomes maximum at the focal range in longitudinal direction. DMF is requisite for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and wireless power transfer (WPT). As the simplest DMF, a set of differential coils with opposite current direction is implemented. Optimum coil currents, coil radii, and coil distance are designed to provide with zero magnetic field at zero range and maximum magnetic field at a focal range. This DMF performance is found to be achieved with a penalty of peak magnetic field reduction. Experiments for the differential coils of diameters 10 cm and 5 cm with 3 cm gap showed 4 cm depth DMF within 6 cm diameter. Specific numbers of turns make the DMF be driven by only a single voltage source, which is firstly adopted in SMF. The frequency versatile DMF characteristic is experimentally verified for 60 Hz and 40 kHz, where 27mW is delivered to a focal point that is a demonstration for safer WPT of implantable devices.

This article develops a variational formulation for a fluid motion in a non-relativistic context. The results are obtained through standard tools of calculus of variations and constrained optimization in function spaces. In order to include a scalar field of temperature as a variable, concerning the main functional, we assume a rather standard energy equation as a constraint. Finally, we emphasize the modeling context here addressed is essentially an Eulerian one.

This work develops the foundations of particle dynamics within an \emph{Expanded Theory of Relativity} that unifies special relativity with quantum wave dynamics. The framework rests on three postulates: the principle of relativity; a principle of maximal spatiotemporal symmetry; and a \emph{Regularity Postulate} requiring that the composition of two finite inertial motions yields a finite operational relative velocity. By promoting time to a three-dimensional vector subspace, the theory separates into two coupled projections: \emph{Pole dynamics}, which recovers the Lorentzian interval, and \emph{Flag dynamics}, which describes the evolution of the time vector's orientation via a unit-quaternion rotor field $\Psi$. Rather than assuming a Lorentzian signature axiomatically, we demonstrate that the temporal sign branch is fixed by enforcing the Regularity Postulate. Furthermore, since the six- and four-dimensional metrics are found to coincide along the physical worldline, the internal temporal frame must be transported without generating spurious kinetic energy. This geometric compatibility condition yields a universal covariant transport law $D_\tau \Psi = 0$. Without imposing quantization axioms, this law reproduces the Klein--Gordon, Dirac, and Proca equations depending on the chosen linear representation. In this context, $\hbar$ is identified as a geometric stiffness scale converting internal temporal rotation into external translation. The theory distinguishes itself by deriving these distinct dynamics from a single unified field equation, where particle spin arises from the algebraic carrier space rather than independent axioms.

It is of great importance to study the detachment/attachment behaviors of cells (cancer cell, immune cell and epithelial cell), as they are closely related with tumor metastasis, immunoreaction and tissue development at variety scales. To characterize the detachment/attachment during the interaction between cells and substrate, some researchers proposed using cell traction force (CTF) as the indicator. To date, various strategies have been developed to measure the CTF. However, these methods only realize the measurements of cell passive forces on flat cases. In order to quantify the active CTF on non-flat surfaces, which can better mimic the in vivo case, we employed elastic hydrogel microspheres as a force sensor. The microspheres were fabricated by microfluidic chips with controllable size and mechanical properties to mimic substrate. Cells were cultured on microsphere and the CTF led to the deformation of microsphere. By detecting the morphology information, the CTF exerted by attached cells can be calculated by the in-house numerical code. Using this microspheres, the CTF of various cells (including tumor cell, immunological cell, and epithelium cell) were successfully obtained on non-flat surfaces with different curvature radii. The proposed method provides a versatile platform to measure the CTF with high precision and to understand the detachment/attachment behaviors during physiology processes.

A simple binary antimony selenide (Sb 2Se 3) absorber is evolving as an alternative photovoltaic material in thin film solar cells because of its unique properties and easy processing. Sb 2Se 3 thin films having good crystalline quality are grown via versatile thermal evaporation from pre-synthesized near stoichiometric compound material on molybdenum coated soda lime glass (SLG) and borosilicate glass (BG) substrates. Following the systematic characterizations on the absorber films, substrate configured Sb 2Se 3/CdS heterojunction devices were fabricated and their photovoltaic characteristics have been studied using current density vs voltage (J-V), dark J-V modelling, external quantum efficiency, capacitance vs voltage measurements. The power conservation efficiency values of 4.88 % and 5.04 % were achieved for the devices fabricated on SLG and BG, respectively. The obtained values are higher in comparison to the reported device efficiencies in substrate configured Sb 2Se 3 solar cells, in which the absorber is prepared through thermal evaporation. To understand the loss in open circuit voltage , a compact equivalent circuit model was considered to identify the shunt leakage pathways. In addition to that the device fabricated on the SLG were structurally stable with minimal changes in its performance for a period spanning over 200 days. The results obtained are encouraging with scope for improving the device performance through interface engineering and back surface passivation strategies.