not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Pulmonary Mucormycosis in a Patient with Decompensated Cirrhosis of the Liver Successfully Treated with Oral Posaconazole- A Case Report

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Since starch is a native biomaterial for anthocyanin delivery, its binding capacity plays a crucial role in its applications. In this study, five starch hierarchies (granule, shell, blocklet, AM, and AP) were separated and characterized. Following that, their interactions with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) under different pH conditions (3, 5, and 7) were investigated. The structural characteristics of shell appeared to increase its binding capacity. It was found that shell exhibited the highest binding capacity to C3G at pH 3, resulting in enhanced oxidation, photolysis, and simulated in vitro digestion stability. To explain the highest binding capacity of shell, interactions between starch hierarchies and C3G was revealed through microscopic morphology, ordered structure, and interaction force. It was observed that C3G disrupted the morphology and ordered structures of starch hierarchies through bridging interactions. Additionally, electrostatic interactions played a dominant role in the binding of shell/granule with C3G, while hydrogen bonds were primarily involved in the binding of blocklet/AM/AP with C3G. In summary, C3G exhibited strong electrostatic interactions with both the exterior and interior of the shell, owing to its large spatial structure, which contributed to the enhanced binding capacity and stability of C3G.

Ensartinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) developed independently in China, which is superior to crizotinib in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In real-world investigations, no cases of organizing pneumonia (OP) have been reported among patients receiving enshatinib in NSCLC. Herein, we report a case of early OP in a 50-year-old woman who was initially treated with ensartinib for advanced NSCLC. After one month of treatment with ensartinib, chest CT found bilateral OP which improved after stopping ensartinib and using steroid drugs.

Four significant influenza outbreaks have occurred over the past 100 years, and the 1918 flu pandemic is the most severe. Since influenza viruses undergo antigenic evolution, they are the pathogens most likely to trigger a new pandemic shortly. Intranasal vaccination offers a promising strategy for preventing diseases triggered by respiratory viruses by eliciting an immunoglobulin A (IgA) response, limiting virus replication and transmission from the respiratory tract more efficiently than intramuscular vaccines. Combining intranasal administration and mRNA-lipid nanoparticles can be an ideal strategy for limiting the extent of the next flu pandemic. This study explored the immunogenicity of intranasally delivered mRNA encapsulated in mannose-histidine-conjugated chitosan lipid nanoparticles (MHCS-LNPs) as a vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) in BALB/c mice. Intranasal administration of mRNA-MHCS-LNPs resulted in the generation of influenza A (H1N1) hemagglutinin-specific neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated animals. The ELISA results indicated a notable increase in the quantity of IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), respectively, and exhibited influenza A-specific IFN-γ secretion in vaccinated mice, as well as a noticeable alteration in IL-5 production. Overall, this study demonstrated an effective immunogenic response against respiratory viral infections through intranasal delivery of an mRNA-MHCS-LNP vaccine.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of acetylcholine signaling pathways on tumor progression, focusing on the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in breast, prostate, and lung cancer cell lines. Methods: We examined the production and release of acetylcholine in the central nervous system and its potential effects on tumors in the peripheral environment. Utilizing breast, prostate, and lung cancer cell lines, we explored the signaling pathways associated with the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Results: Our study revealed insights into the modulation of specific tumor profiling signaling pathways through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We observed notable implications for patient well-being and mortality rates based on the manipulation of these pathways. Conclusion: The findings from this investigation provide valuable information on the intricate relationship between acetylcholine signaling and tumor progression. By elucidating these pathways, there is potential for targeted interventions to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate mortality rates in breast, prostate, and lung cancer cases.

Although airway remodeling in severe and/or fatal asthma is still considered irreversible, its individual components as a cause of clinical symptoms and/or lung function changes remain largely unknown. While inhaled glucocorticoids have not consistently been shown to affect airway remodeling, biologics targeting specific pathways of airway inflammation have been shown to improve lung function, mucus plugging, and airway structural changes that can exceed those seen with glucocorticoids. This superiority of biologic treatment, which cannot be solely explained by insufficient doses or limited durations of glucocorticoid therapies, needs to be further explored. For this field of research, we propose a novel classification of the potential effects of biologics on airway remodeling into 3 temporal effects: early effects (days to weeks, primarily modulating inflammatory processes), late effects (months to years, predominantly affecting structural changes) and potential preventive effects (outcomes of early treatment with biologics). For the identification of potential preventive effects of biologics, we call for studies exploring the impact of early biological treatment on airway remodeling in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, which should be accompanied by a long-term evaluation of clinical parameters, biomarkers, treatment burden, and socioeconomic implications.

The first highly enantioselective asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction/Cyclization reaction of 5-amino pyrazole with 3-alkenyl-oxindole to afford polycyclic heterocyclic compound bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter catalyzed by NiII-C2-symmetric bipyridine-N,N’-dioxides ligands has been developed. The relevant products with a wide range of substrates and good functional tolerance were obtained in 89-98% yields with 56-99% enantioselectivities in the presence of in the presence of 11 mol % of L1 and 10 mol % of Ni(OTf)2 in DCM at room temperature. In addition, a scale-up experiment and the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts further highlighted the synthetic utility.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: The investigation of cuproptosis in relation to tumor development has been limited, particularly in Multiple myeloma (MM), indicating the need for further research. Our study aimed to examine the impact of cuproptosis-related genes on the prognosis of MM. Methods: Using the datasets, we filtered cuproptosis score-related differentially expressed genes (CRDEGs) by overlapping the DEGs between the MM and normal groups and between the high and low cuproptosis score groups. Additionally, key module genes were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A univariate Cox algorithm and multivariate Cox analysis were employed to obtain biomarkers of MM and build a prognostic model, before conducting independent prognostic analysis. Results: A total of 59 CRDEGs were filtered. Demonstrating their involvement in the COPII vesicle coat and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Six prognosis-related biomarkers (PARP1, EDEM3, SEC23A, RSL24D1, TTC37, and SRP72) were obtained, and a prognostic model was developed. The performance of the model was verified using a test cohort (GSE136324 dataset) and a validation cohort (GSE24080 dataset). Risk score, age, albumin, International Staging System (ISS) score, and β2-microglobulin (B2M) was found to be a significant predictor of prognosis independently . Conclusion: As a result of this investigation, a set of six biomarkers associated with cuproptosis (PARP1, EDEM3, SEC23A, RSL24D1, TTC37 and SRP72) were screened to provide a basis for predicting the prognosis of MM.

Purpose： The risk factors fordeath at different intervals (6 months, 6-12 months, and 12-18 months) following TACE in 213 HCC patients were analyzed, leading to the establishment of a prognostic risk model for these patients. Patients and Methods: Liver cancer patients who underwent TACE at Zunyi Medical University between April 2011 and June 2019 were included in the study. Collected clinical data included AFP levels, demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment details, and liver function markers. The study tracked patients from their first admission to their last follow-up or death, with a median follow-up duration of 7.4 months. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate death at different post-surgery intervals, and survival differences were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A prognostic nomogram was developed and validated using the C-index, ROC curves, and calibration curves to assess model performance. Results： At the end of the follow-up, 39 out of 213 patients survived, while 174 had died, with a median survival time of 6 months. Logistic regression analysis identified AST/ALT > 1 and HBV positivity as risk factors for death within 6 months post-TACE, Child-Pugh grade B at 6-12 months, and multiple tumors at 12-18 months. Cox regression analysis showed that portal vein thrombosis, multiple tumors, tumors in both liver lobes, distant metastasis, elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts, AST/ALT > 1, low albumin, HBV positivity, Okuda grade II, Child-Pugh grade C, and BCLC grade C were significant factors affecting overall survival (P < 0.05). Key independent risk factors were portal vein thrombosis, AST/ALT > 1, and Child-Pugh grade C, while more than two TACE treatments served as a protective factor. Key independent risk factors were portal vein thrombosis, AST/ALT > 1, and Child-Pugh grade C, while more than two TACE treatments served as a protective factor. Conclusions： Our study identifies high-risk factors for death following TACE, including AST/ALT > 1, HBV positivity, Child-Pugh class B, and multiple tumors at different time intervals. A 13-variable nomogram was developed, demonstrating strong predictive ability and potential for clinical application to enhance patient prognosis and survival.

Proteins are vital molecules for biological processes—for regulation and structure. Notably, proteins are prone to degradation due to environmental factors like radiation. Radiation elicits reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate as oxidative stress. Hence, it is suggested that the damage suppressor (Dsup) protein, the protein responsible for the extremotolerant ability of tardigrades should be utilized as a therapeutic agent for protection and cell longevity. One of the recommended targets is the BRCA1 protein, which functions for tumor suppression and is susceptible to degradation. Using AlphaFold for protein modeling, HADDOCK and PRODIGY for protein-protein docking and scoring, and STRING to establish a protein-protein interaction network to screen relative proteins of BRCA1 that can be docked with Dsup and possibly affected pathways and functions because of the interaction. The researchers generated a complex model of the Dsup protein of Ramazzottius varieornatus and the Dsup-like protein of Hypsibius exemplaris with the BRCA1 protein of Homo sapiens. The potential optimal binding site of the Dsup on the BRCA1 is a semi-flexible region. The PPI network was established, and ATR, ATM, RAD50, RAD51, MSH2, MYC, and RB1 were suggested for future docking studies with Dsup. The probable affected pathway is organ system cancer and the BRCA1-DNA and BRCA1-Nucleic acid-dependent function. In conclusion, the Dsup and BRCA1 association is possible. These findings contribute to the potential application of Dsup to medicine and human space endeavors. However, further investigation of extensive molecular dynamics analysis and experimental validation such as in vivo and in vitro is recommended.

Background Data are scarce regarding WPW syndrome and asymptomatic pre-excitation in Africa. Objectives This study aimed to understand how accessory pathways related arrhythmias are managed in Africa. Methods This prospective study was conducted in 20 centers from 17 African countries. All the included participants had ventricular pre-excitation patterns. The data collected included symptoms, locations of accessory pathways (AP) and tachyarrhythmia, risk stratification, as well as acute and long-term management. In addition, we assessed the clinical effectiveness and the impact of socio-economic and health metrics on this treatment approach. Results Of 541 participants, 93% were diagnosed with WPW syndrome, and orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) was the most prevalent arrhythmia, affecting 55% of the cases. Approximately 30% of patients, excluding the southern region, received Intravenous Amiodarone as the first-choice drug for orthodromic AVRT while Adenosine was the drug of choice in Southern region. Electrical cardioversion was the first-line treatment for pre-excited atrial fibrillation and antidromic AVRT across all of Africa. Radiofrequency ablation was the first long-term therapy option for 88 % of patients in all African regions, except in western and central Africa, where it was implemented for less than 30% of patients (P<0.001). The rates of success, long-term recurrence, and complication were 93%, 4.1%, and 3.8%, respectively. Conclusion Significant differences and challenges in the diagnosis and management strategies among countries are reported across Africa. While several countries fell short of ideal or expected health expenditures, ablation techniques are rising with success rates comparable to those in the developed world.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Purpose The prevalence and time trend of prescription practices provide context to pharmacoepidemiological studies. This study aims to present accessible information on prescription practices over time within Taiwan’s healthcare system to aid healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers. Methods Data were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Databases, compiling prescribing rates for specific ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) drug groups stratified by age and sex for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Information on drug doses, durations, subtypes, brands, co-prescribed medications, and co-occurring diagnoses was not included. Results The dataset includes 400 ATC drug groups and over 19,822 data points. Analysis reveals diverse prescribing trends, such as the increased prescribing rates for statins from 2005 to 2020, especially among individuals in their 60s and 70s. Significant fluctuations in drug utilization patterns were observed, which may reflect broader health trends and policy impacts over the periods examined. Conclusion The ”Prescribing in Taiwan” data resource serves as a valuable tool to improve research efficiency and transparency by providing preliminary data access and reducing barriers for researchers. Enhancements to include more detailed data could further support pharmacoepidemiological research and healthcare decision-making.

In this study, the kidneys of ground squirrel (hibernated and non-hibernated), rabbit and rat were examined macro and micro anatomically. Kidney morphology was investigated by stereo microscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Triple and immunohistochemical staining were performed for light microscopic examinations, cold crushing and takilon injection into the renal arteries were performed for scanning electron microscopic examinations. The course and branching of intrarenal capillaries, morphologic features from glomeruli to foramina papillaria were demonstrated. The location, position, shape, weight and size of the kidneys of the three species studied were determined. Relative medullary thickness (RMT) and kidney index (Ki) values were calculated from the measurements. Based on the RMT values of the three species, it was concluded that they are mammals belonging to the semi-arid and humid habitat category. The number of nephrons with long-segments were high in the kidneys of all three species. Structural findings suggested that the rat may produce more concentrated urine than the ground squirrel and the ground squirrel may produce more concentrated urine than the rabbit. The mean diameter of the renal corpuscles was 112.5 µm in the hiberne ground squirrel, 137.6 µm in the non-hiberne ground squirrel, 138.1 µm in the rabbit and 137.8 µm in the rat. In hibernated ground squirrels, narrowing of the cavum glomeruli and decrease in renal corpuscle diameters were found. In contrast to ground squirrel and rat kidneys, rabbit kidneys showed the presence of species-specific subcapsular glomeruli. Immunohistochemistry (Anti-Nestin antibody) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the structure of podocytes in detail. Species-specific area cribrosa configurations were detected in the renal papillae of the kidneys we examined. With this study, new renal morphological findings were obtained in ground squirrel, rabbit and rat.

Offspring and kin care are common in nature, while non-kin societies are unusual due to their susceptibility to cheaters. Here, we investigated the kinship of mast-building amphipods, Dyopedos bispinis (Gurjanova, 1930). Our goal was to determine if all mast inhabitants are descendants of a single founder female or if they represent a more complex social structure. We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of D. bispinis along with 59 partial genomes from four masts. One of the studied masts contained several adult females with embryos, all of which had identical partial mitochondrial genome sequences. This shows that masts can be inhabited by individuals from different generations. Mitochondrial genome sequences of ten mother-embryo pairs confirm maternal mtDNA inheritance in D. bispinis. However, another mast contained several groups of female individuals exhibiting pronounced (~0.7 substitutions per 1000 b.p.) distance between the groups. The genetic distance between groups from the same mast was not less than the genetic distance from specimens of other masts. This suggests collective usage of the mast by non-related families. Given that adult female D. bispinis individuals invest resources into mast maintenance, this case implies non-kin cooperation among amphipods. Overall, our study provides an insight into the family structures of mast-inhabiting amphipods and presents a new model for studying the cooperation of non-related individuals.

Tuberculosis is among the top ten diseases with the highest mortality rates worldwide. Early and standardized treatment upon definitive diagnosis holds significant importance for the prevention and prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. However, the number of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases is increasing, while the interventions for tuberculosis are becoming increasingly limited. There is an urgent need to develop new rapid diagnostic methods and effective treatment drugs.The immune system plays a vital role in the development and regulation of tuberculosis. Conventional sequencing techniques, however, are unable to depict the differences between individual cells. In contrast, single-cell sequencing technology enables comprehensive analysis of immune cells at the single-cell level, potentially revealing novel information regarding the functions, states, distributions, and communication behaviors among immune cell subpopulations. This insight contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and discovering new diagnostic markers and even therapeutic targets in tuberculosis. The utilization of this technology provides valuable references for tuberculosis diagnosis and precision treatment.This article provides an overview of the immunological mechanisms underlying tuberculosis, immunotherapy for tuberculosis, and single-cell sequencing technology. It primarily focuses on discussing the research progress of single-cell sequencing technology in the context of tuberculosis immunotherapy.

Increasing density of population is enforcing tremendous pressure on urban sectors. This work has been emphasis on road network and road density study urban area of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Increase of urban density along with road network is effective important factors which as directly linked to the ecological disruption under roads build-up area. The major objective to the study of identified the road density measuring through the Kernel density formula using. The Kernel Density Estimation has applied on road network analysis which is followed by the OSM data in Arc GIS software. This Kernel density measuring for road network density per sq. m in Visakhapatnam city. The estimation the patch density and landscape fragmentation due to urbanization expansion by FRAGMENTED software. The spearman rank correlation model also demonstrated a positive relationship between road density (measured in meters per square meter) and landscape fragmentation across the entire area of Visakhapatnam city. Within this KDE, the city of Visakhapatnam exhibits a distinct spatial distribution of road density, allowing for accurate prediction of the road’s impact on landscape fragmentation. Keywords: Road Density; KDE; landscape fragmentation; Spearman rank Correlation

Plant invasion is a significant driver of species loss in ecological communities. However, projecting its impact on the coexistence potential of multi-species communities and their persistence under random environmental perturbations remains challenging. Here, we conducted pairwise experiments with five native and five non-native species using the Ricker model to estimate interaction coefficients and assessed the impact of non-native species on community persistence through feasibility domains (i.e., the probability that all species can coexist simultaneously), and species exclusion probabilities. At the community level, we found that community persistence generally declined after non-native species invasion, with the feasibility domain becoming more asymmetric as more native species were replaced by non-native ones. At the species level, non-native species are likely to be excluded first under strong perturbations. Our findings highlight the importance of clarifying species interactions in shaping community persistence, and tailoring invasion management strategies to local environments to optimize resource allocation.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Mangrove ecosystems are among the most effective natural environments for carbon fixation and sequestration, playing a critical role in coastal protection, water quality maintenance, and providing habitats for marine life, which are essential for environmental conservation and climate regulation. This study utilized Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to map the distribution of mangroves along the coast of Guangdong Province, China, where the existing area was found to be 110.28 km². Subsequently, the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was employed to predict potential mangrove distribution areas, estimated at 1756 km². By analyzing both current and potential distribution maps, the carbon sequestration of the coastal mangroves in Guangdong were estimated at 131.65 ± 62.63 Mg C yr⁻¹ and 1958.41 ± 921.61 Mg C yr⁻¹, respectively. Environmental variables, soil physical properties, topographical data, marine variables, and land type data were used in the MaxEnt model to identify the key factors limiting mangrove distribution. The study found that the primary constraints on the potential distribution of mangroves along the Guangdong coast were the precipitation of the driest month (bio14) and the annual temperature range (bio7). Although the carbon sequestration capacity of Guangdong’s coastal mangroves is below the global average, the extensive potential distribution area suggests that strategic ecological restoration could significantly enhance regional carbon sequestration capacity while providing a wealth of ecosystem services and mutual benefits for the coastal area.

I am honored to receive the 2023 Hollaender Award, for achievements in “application of the principles and techniques of environmental mutagenesis to the protection of human health”. People may assume that a career in applied science might not be as exciting or impactful as basic research. I hope my career “adventures” into environmental science, carcinogen investigations and photobiology, as well as publications in Nature and Science, will counter this assumption. The narrative is described in terms of “mentors” whose advice had a lasting impact: “come early and work hard” (meanwhile, have fun); “ think instead of/while screening” (i.e. performing mundane tasks); “avoid the big boo-boo”; “just go in the lab and do experiments”; “become an expert”. Many of the most critical events in science and in life are “random”, as demonstrated by accidental adventures that led to scientific as well as life-altering personal realizations. Adventures included forays into nitrosamine mutagenicity, nanomaterial assessment, germ cell mutagenic risk, bacterial mutagenicity assays, genotoxicity of cell phone radiation, personalized cancer prevention, and >25 years in regulatory safety assessment at FDA: review of genotoxicity data, experiments in the lab, and collaboration with others to foster better analyses of DNA damaging agents, generally in relation to cancer risk. Finally, with my work and that of my lifelong tripmate William Lijinsky as models, I suggest that a “non-hypothesis driven”, open-ended approach to research can be path-breaking and forefront.

Aim: Here we report on a long-term transplant study of a serpentine endemic plant where individuals were transplanted into cooler macro- and microclimatic refugia (i.e. higher elevations and north-facing aspects) in locations outside of its current range. We asked: 1) Did transplanted populations persist outside of their current range in micro- (cooler aspects) or macro- (higher elevations) climatic refugia? and 2) Was population persistence in climatic refugia helped or hindered by soil microbial communities? Location: Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon (USA) Taxon: Horkelia sericata (Rosaceae), Angiosperms Mycota (Fungi) Monera (Bacteria) Methods: At each transplant site, we counted surviving individuals (noting reproductive status) and then collected soil from both the rhizosphere of transplanted individuals and from an equal number of areas of nearby bare soil with no plants. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were assessed using next generation sequencing of 16S and ITS-1 marker genes Results: Of the 15 initial transplant sites, one (high elevation) site displayed population persistence (i.e., ‘successful’ site), defined as having surviving individuals with reproductive success. Four sites had surviving individuals but no reproductive success (i.e., ‘unsuccessful’ sites); the remaining 10 sites had no surviving individuals and were excluded from microbial analyses. The successful site had distinct soil fungal and bacterial community composition and a higher mututalist:pathogen ratio than the unsuccessful sites. Additionally, the mututalist:pathogen ratio did not differ between Horkelia’s rhizosphere and bare ground at the successful site, suggesting that the persistence of this population was enhanced by soil mutualists that were already present at that site. Main conclusions: Taken together, these results highlight that the success of species range shifts into climatic refugia may be influenced by the presence of suitable soil mutualists, emphasizing the need to consider soil microbial communities in future ra

In the modern era, a great number of individuals use the internet to find tourism websites that provide the services they require. The usability of tourism websites is critical to assisting travellers. To design good tourism websites, you must first understand the usability factors. Tourism websites play an important role in the industry because they are key sources of information and engagement for potential visitors. As a result, it is critical to design an automated tool for evaluating the usability of these websites. Many researchers have created multiple tools and techniques for evaluating websites for various objectives. However, there has been little research into measuring website usability through web parsing. This paper describes an automated tool for evaluating the usability aspects of tourism websites, with a focus on navigation and ease of use. The HTML parser is implemented in Python and utilizes BeautifulSoup to analyze a website’s analytics. Every measure was assigned a number value ranging from 0 to 1 using normalized modules. The value of 0 signifies the least preferable outcome, whereas a value of 1 represents the optimal value. Ten tourism-related websites successfully implemented the tool to achieve the desired outcomes. The usability of tourism-related websites ranged between 57% and 83%. This application provides great value to website experts by allowing them to assess usability and enhance website design. Another application for the tool is to evaluate and compare the usability of websites. In the future, we could use this tool to develop a machine-learning model for evaluating websites.

The aim of this survey was to investigate the COVID-19 associated restrictions on physical activity (PA) and mental health in youth. A self-assembled questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic indicators, PA, and mental health, was completed by 188 students (45.7% female, age: 13.97 ± 2.49 years). Data were analysed using Chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to get a more detailed analysis of influencing factors on mental health, nutrition, and physical activity. For more than one third (36.5 %) of the subjects, mental health deteriorated as a result of the pandemic and the restrictions imposed in connection with it. Worries about the illness of one’s own social contacts (59.0 %), bans on activities (33.0 %) and worries about school or work (33.0 %) were perceived as very stressful. The percentage of children and adolescents meeting WHO activity recommendations decreased from 29.8% before the pandemic to 24.5% during the pandemic. Analogously, the percentage of non-compliance increases from 68.6% before to 73.4% during the pandemic. In each case, 23.9% reported being more or less physically active during the week than before the pandemic. The results emphasize the importance of after-pandemic health promotion strategies and holistic preventive approaches in the school setting.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Introduction: Understand the drug-resistant situation and trend of tuberculosis patients in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, from 2013 to 2022, provide a scientific basis for development of rational drug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: All patients who were diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 were collected as study subjects, a total of 5,191 patients were enrolled in the study. The basic conditions and diagnostic and therapeutic information of the study subjects were collected. Sputum specimens were subjected to smear and isolation and culture. Culture-positive strains of bacteria were identified by bacterial groups. A total of 1,659 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates were obtained. The drug susceptibility test was used the proportionality method on the MTB isolates for nine types of anti-tuberculosis medicines,and comparatively analyzed the resistance of the strains. Results: A total of 1,659 patients with MTB were cultured, 439 were drug-resistant, 255 were mono-resistant, and 121 were poly-resistant, 62 were multidrug-resistant. The resistance rate was 26.46% (439/1659), the mono-resistance rate was 15.37 % (255/1659), and the poly-resistance rate was 7.29% (121/1659), the multidrug resistance rate was 3.74 % (62/1659) . The number (rate) of drug-resistant patients in the primary treatment was 389 [(25.63%).(389/1659）].The number (rate)of drug-resistant patients in retreatment was 50[ (35.46%) (50/1659）]. The number (rate) of multidrug-resistant patients in the primary treatment was 39 (2.57%)[(39/1659）]. The number (rate) of multidrug-resistant cases in retreatment patients was 23 [(16.31%)(23/1659）]. The resistance rate and multidrug resistance rate of isolates from retreatment patients were higher than those of isolates from primary treatment patients, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The problem of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission in Guangzhou needs to be focused on, and drug-resistant screening should be further increased to do a good job of controlling the source of infection.

Given the developments in green chemistry and the recent interest of researchers in reducing the risks of toxicity of materials, their high prices, and complex preparation methods in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other types of synthesis of compounds and minerals, all these challenges cause a demand for the synthesis of environmentally friendly, recoverable, and reusable catalysts. This is one of the reasons why researchers are interested in developing environmentally friendly and sustainable magnetic nanocatalysts that meet the requirements of green chemistry. Ferrite minerals that have spinels, especially magnesium ferrite, provide these advantages in addition to their easy availability, low price, and relatively simple preparation method with the possibility of recovering them by an external magnet, which is what attracted us to work on a review on the use of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) as an effective catalyst in the preparation of some heterocyclic compounds. In short, this study is related to the latest developments in the use of (MgFe2O4) as a catalyst and the study of its physical properties through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, vibration sample magnetism (VSM) and the study of its activity in the preparation of some essential pharmaceutical compounds.