jabbrv-ltwa-all.ldf jabbrv-ltwa-en.ldf Aiming at the problems of signal power loss and poor channel equalization in high power line communication (HPLC), an improved bispectrum adaptive power regulation algorithm model is proposed. The algorithm uses bispectral quadratic characteristic model to establish a sparse observation model. By constructing the signal parameter database, the communication signal processing problem is transformed into the estimation of signal motion parameters. At the same time, a new nonlinear adaptive power equalizer is adopted, which has faster convergence speed and lower steady-state mean square error, so that its coefficients can be adjusted and its performance can be adjusted to best adapt to the input signal. The results show that the proposed algorithm can resist noise interference in communication signal processing, and its communication delay is as low as 280ms.

In order to improve the error analysis ability of electricity meters, this study proposes an improved fruit fly algorithm model. optimizes the parameters and weights of the long and short-term memory network through the fruit fly algorithm, which can improve the accuracy and The model optimizes the parameters and weights of the long and short-term memory network through the fruit fly algorithm, which can improve the accuracy and ability of electricity prediction; Attention mechanism is introduced in LSTM neural network to screen for more influential error causes. experimental results show that the operating error of the electric energy meter using this method is less than 5%, and the testing accuracy can reach 99.32%. The experimental results show that the operating error of the electric energy meter using this method is less than 5%, and the testing accuracy can reach 99.32%.

Small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based therapies have gained widespread interest, but challenges persist to ensure standardization and high-scale production. Implementing upstream processes in chemically defined media in stirred-tank bioreactors (STBr) is mandatory to closely control the cell environment, and to scale-up production, but it remains a significant challenge for anchorage-dependent cells. Using a human β cell line, we highlight that the generation of spheroids in chemically defined medium allows the culture of highly viable cells in suspension in stirred systems. We demonstrate that spheroid size depends on the system’s volumetric power input ( P/V), and maintaining this parameter constant during scale-up proved to be the optimal strategy for standardizing the process. However, transferring the spinner flask (SpF) process to the Ambr ®250 STBr at a constant P/V modified spheroid size, due to important geometric differences and impeller design. Compared to a monolayer reference process, sEV yield decreased two-fold in SpF, but increased two-fold in STBr. Additionally, a lower expression of the CD63 tetraspanin was observed in sEV produced in both stirred systems, suggesting a reduced release of exosomes compared to ectosomes. This study addresses main issues encountered in spheroid cultures and scale-up in stirred systems for sEV-based therapies.

Protein hydrolysates have long been touted as effective cell culture additives for improving both cell density and product titer. However, typical media optimization studies rarely consider multiple different products or their interaction (either with each other or with the basal media). This study documents the successful replacement of animal serum in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture using a combination of hydrolysate products while elucidating often-overlooked interaction effects. Two design-of-experiments (DOE) mixture designs were used to determine the effect of eight plant and yeast-based hydrolysates and their interactions on cell density. Among the hydrolysates, plants were generally found to have positive effects when utilized in combination, while yeast hydrolysates experienced more negative effects in combination with each other. The addition of either a combination of cotton and wheat or individual Hy-Yest™ 466 to aDMEM was found to achieve similar growth to 5% serum, outperforming other hydrolysates. In contrast, adding the same hydrolysates to chemically defined commercial media resulted in growth inhibition. The combination of observed interactions between the various hydrolysate products and the basal media (as well as general batch-to-batch variability) reinforce the need for robust experimental design in further development of hydrolysate additives for cell culture media optimization.

Aim: Previous observational studies have suggested a link between circulating leukocyte count and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, whether these associations reflect the causal relationship remains unclear. Methods: We utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies on circulating leukocyte characteristics and AMD to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was employed as the primary MR method. Weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger as secondary methods were used to enhance robustness of the results. Cochran’s Q test and MR-Egger regression were applied to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, respectively, while the leave-one-out test was used to evaluate the influence of individual SNPs. Results: A significant causal relationship between lymphocyte count and AMD risk was identified using IVW (OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.83 - 0.95, P=0.001) and weighted median method (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78 - 0.99, P=0.031) after outlier corrected. However, no causal links were detected between counts of monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil and AMD. Sensitivity analysis indicated heterogeneity among SNPs of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a causal relationship between lymphocyte count and AMD, providing valuable data and insights for future research on AMD.

A document by Summer Xu. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) is a curative procedure for many life-threatening hematological indications. Respiratory viral infections (RVI) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in pediatric transplant recipients, but the impact of mild/asymptomatic RVI is unclear. Some studies have identified certain viral infections as high-risk for post-transplant complications. To reduce transplant morbidity, a pre-transplant RVI screening program was started at Children’s National Hospital which included symptom screening and respiratory viral (RV) PCR testing for each HSCT patient within one week of and on the day of HSCT admission. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of RVI on HSCT outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of pre-transplant RV PCR, symptom screening, and clinical outcomes was done for patients receiving allogeneic HSCT from 7/1/2016 to 3/31/2023. Exclusion criteria included missing pre-transplant RV PCR and SCID to prevent bias. Results: 161 patients were eligible to be included. Of the 161, 34 tested positive for RVs (26 low-risk, 8 high-risk). Outcomes were initially analyzed separately by low- and high-risk viruses. Within the first 100 days post-transplant, a positive pre-HSCT RVI was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 5.57, p = 0.04 after adjusting for multiple testing) and requirement for ICU transfer (OR = 3.45, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Routine pre-transplant viral testing should be performed to increase the safety of HSCTs. Pre-transplant viral testing may allow providers to know when to monitor certain patients more closely post-transplant, and when to potentially delay elective transplant until the patient has cleared their virus.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of CD1a+ and CD207+ dendritic cells, resulting from the constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases.LCH is the most common histiocytic disorder in children. Clinical presentations vary widely, and treatment is tailored according to disease severity. Objective: We aimed to study the clinical characteristics, treatment response, and progression of LCH in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including all patientsaged less than 18 years and diagnosed with LCH between January 2010 and July 2023 in two referral pediatric centers. Diagnosis of LCH was confirmed by DC1a expression. Patients were classified into single-system LCH and multisystem LCH (involving two or more organs).Patients were stratified into two groups: RO- and RO+ (with the involvement of one or more risk organs). The 2010 French guidelines and, more recently, the 2021 recommendations were adopted for LCH management. Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The median age at diagnosis was three years, [IQR]: 1.5–6 years. Multisystem LCH withrisk organ (RO) involvement (MS RO+LCH) was the most prevalent group accounting for 44% of cases.Sixteenpatients(37%)were diagnosed with single-system (SS) LCH. The patients with multisystemic LCH were significantly younger than those with single-system LCH (p=0.003). Bone involvement was the most prevalent, occurring in 77% of patients, followed by skin involvement in 46% and liver involvement in 44%. Tumorous lesions in the central nervous system were observed in five patients.The BRAF-V600E mutation was identified in eight of the nine cases tested.Thirty-four patients received a vinblastine-based first-line therapy; six patients (18%) showednon-response after two courses of vinblastine induction. Two patients received Aracytine and Cladribine;a favorable outcome was observed in one case. BRAF inhibitorswere used in four cases; the responsewas favorable in two cases.The cumulative incidence ofreactivations at 5 years was 28%. Ten patients (23%) exhibited at least one permanent consequence including diabetes insipidus (n=8) and neurodegenerative LCH (n=1). The five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 93% and 63%, respectively. RO involvement and response to vinblastine induction influenced OS and DFS in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Although the improvement of overall survival in LCHthrough risk-adapted management, concerns persist regarding the potential risk for reactivation and the long-term consequences. The involvement of risk organs and non-response to vinblastine induction could worsen the prognosis.

This is the first study evaluating expression profile of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes in lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma patients. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a subtype of non-small-cell lung carcinoma with unknown methylation characteristics, including enzyme activities of DNA methyltransferases. We performed quantitative expression analyzes of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma patients, and overexpression of DNMT1 and an increased normalized expression of both DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes relative to matched normal lung tissue were found. In conclusion, we assume that further experiments should be focused on the detection of individual DNMT3B isoforms in patients with this type of non-small cell lung carcinoma.

A document by Kamal Acharya. Click on the document to view its contents.

In the presented research work, we have solved a new kind of problem of forced shock waves in a compressible inviscid perfect gas having dirty (dust) particles of small size in a one-dimensional unsteady adiabatic flow. The approach, which we have used, is referred to as generalized geometry approach. Here we investigated how the density of the zone, which is undisturbed, changes as a function of the position from the point of the source of explosion. In addition, we have obtained an analytically a novel solution to the problem in the form of a new rule of power of time and distance. Further, we have investigated the energy behaviour of forced shock waves and interaction within the environment containing dust particles. Also, the behaviour of the entire energy of a forced shock wave is expounded at different Mach numbers, respectively, for planar geometry, cylindrically symmetric geometry, and spherically symmetric geometry under a dusty gas medium. Furthermore, the findings show that dust particles in a gas produce a more sophisticated representation rather than the standard gas dynamics.

In the contemporary business landscape, the analysis of customer behavior stands as a pivotal factor in enhancing service quality and securing a competitive edge. The segmentation of customers through cluster analysis becomes imperative, given its role in discerning distinct customer profiles. These insights wield considerable influence over customer retention and satisfaction, thereby contributing to overall profitability. This approach facilitates the customization of marketing strategies to align with the diverse needs of potential customers. Previous studies predominantly focused on modeling purchasing behavior by observing tangible actions, often neglecting crucial product characteristics. They commonly applied the Recency, Frequency, and Monetary (RFM) measure across entire product ranges. In this study, we introduced a novel perspective by integrating multiple attribute decision-making methods and employing Particle Swarm Optimization to devise an innovative feature selection process. To effectively discern patterns in customer behavior, we combined the RFM model with ensemble machine learning techniques, including Neural Networks, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. Our experimentation involved a comparative analysis with K-means and Fuzzy C-means, utilizing the online retail dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The findings suggest that our proposed approach holds significant potential, particularly in aligning inventory management with customer behaviors. This method offers marketers a valuable tool for real-world customer segmentation, leveraging clustering results to formulate pragmatic marketing plans.

Nutrient composition varies greatly across landscapes, influencing the spatiotemporal variation and dynamics of populations, yet few studies have investigated this pattern across multiple scales. We tested how nutrient limitation affects herbivore populations, from individual behavior to landscape-level population dynamics, using the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker), with field populations and long-term survey data from across their range. At the individual level, juvenile locusts selected for a carbohydrate-biased intake target of 1 protein (p) to 2 carbohydrate (c), and exhibited the highest growth and shortest development time when fed artificial diets with that same 1p:2c ratio during the final juvenile instar. At the field level, locusts kept in cages with protein-biased plants redressed their nutritional imbalance by selecting carbohydrate-biased diets (up to a 1p:20c ratio) for over a week after being removed from the protein-biased environment, returning to the 1p:2c intake target once the deficiency was met. At the landscape level, locust outbreaks were negatively correlated with soil nitrogen and showed a non-linear relationship with soil phosphorus, peaking at approximately 4% soil phosphorus. We disentangled the interaction between mean annual precipitation and soil nitrogen using comprehensive locust surveys and remotely sensed soil and weather data spanning decades. This study is the first to integrate lab, field, and remote sensing approaches, demonstrating the importance of nutrient balancing and acquisition across scales for herbivores. Specifically for locusts, we show that low-nitrogen environments promote outbreaks, likely by reducing plant protein-to-carbohydrate ratios. Incorporating soil quality data into locust plague forecasting models could help improve prediction accuracy.

When a parameterized dynamical system is not (structurally locally) identifiable, it is crucial to reparameterize the system to ensure that the new parameters can be uniquely determined, at least locally. In the article1, Theorem 2 claims the existence of an identifiable reparameterization for a parameterized analytic function under specified conditions. We first give a counter-example to show that its conditions are indeed incomplete. Next, to address its incompleteness, we will propose a modified version of the theorem.

Negative evidence could increase the strength of specific arguments in semantic category-based inductive reasoning, but whether the effect still exists for general arguments, more importantly, the mechanism of the cognitive processing of general arguments, remains unclear. In the current study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate this effect by controlling the category type (related vs. unrelated) and argument type (positive vs. negative) in general arguments. The behavioral results demonstrated that under the unrelated-category conditions, negative arguments had a greater argument strength and were associated with a shorter reaction time than positive arguments. The ERP results indicated that in the premise 2 presentation phase (a) unrelated categories elicited larger P300 and N400 amplitude than did related categories, reflecting the categorization process, and (b) positive properties elicited larger P600 amplitudes than did negative properties, demonstrating the process of property judgment. In the conclusion phase (c) negative arguments elicited larger P2 and N2 amplitudes than did positive arguments, which embodied cognitive control and conflict detection, and (d) negative arguments also elicited a SN than did positive arguments under the related-category condition, which illustrated the property inference. This study provides robust evidence that negative evidence can increase the argument strength in general arguments, and that the temporal course of negative evidence influences the inductive strength.

Improving motor abilities may result from sensory-motor stimulations involving repetitive mechanical vibratory applications focused on muscles or tendons. These stimulations activate the proprioceptive pathway, critical for effective motion coordination. Optimized focal muscle vibration (o-fmv) paradigms can enhance motor control of goal-directed movements, potentially influencing visuomotor transformations underlying movement coordination, although with uncertain mechanisms. Here, we asked whether the o-fmv enhances the motor control of goal-directed movements, affecting sensorimotor transformations that rely on real-time or stored visual information processing. For this purpose, we applied the o-fmv to muscles that assist with shoulder movements in healthy individuals to affect their proprioception. Then, we studied the immediate and one-week-after effects on upper limb aiming movements mediated by shoulder motion, planned in vision, and executed with or without online visual information. We found that o-fmv improves mean speed, movement smoothness, and accuracy mainly on movements prepared and executed moment-to-moment with online visual information. The improvement begins immediately and increases one week after o-fmv. Therefore, o-fmv lastingly enhances motor control of goal-directed aimings that rely on real-time visual information processing with a minimal impact on those dependent on stored visual information. Our results indicate that o-fmv improves how the brain processes proprioceptive information to convert a visuospatial plan into motor commands, enhancing motion coordination when executing movements through real-time visual pathways route activation. The implication is that o-fmv may induce long-term effects that influence elaborations in the brain’s visual streams, which control goal-directed action by online visuomotor transformations.

Emotion regulation is pivotal in human interactions and well-being. Modulating one’s emotional state is intricately linked with psychological, behavioral, and physiological responses. Extensive research has explored how individuals with varying attachment orientations manage emotions, predominantly through self-report measures and behavioral assessments. However, the influence of attachment orientations on temporal electrophysiological dynamics during emotion regulation tasks remains underexplored. Here, 90 adults’ EEG brain activity was recorded while they engaged in tasks of attending to, reappraising, or suppressing emotions elicited by unpleasant images. Their attachment orientations were assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships-12 (ECR-12) questionnaire to explore the association between Late Positive Potential (LPP) and attachment anxiety and avoidance amidst the deployment of emotion regulation strategies. Using Linear Mixed-Effects Model analysis our results revealed a lower amplitude of the LPP during cognitive reappraisal, suggesting the efficacy of this strategy in diminishing emotional intensity. Moreover, higher attachment anxiety exhibited increased LPP amplitude during both Reappraisal and Suppression, as well as during the negative natural condition, indicating heightened emotional responses. This study provides novel insights into the relationship between attachment orientations and emotion regulation, as evidenced by EEG-based measurements of the LPP. The findings indicate that individuals with higher attachment anxiety display distinct electrophysiological responses, particularly in emotional scenarios.

Mini Commentary on BJOG-23-1596.R1: Pregnancy and Birth Complications and Maternal Mental Health – The case is clearNicole Votruba - nicole.votruba@wrh.ox.ac.ukUniversity of OxfordNuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive HealthWomen’s Centre (Level 3)John Radcliffe HospitalOX3 9DU Oxford15 October 2024 Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes are clearly interlinked. Although commonly known, little research has been conducted to investigate these associations. Bodunde and colleagues have recently provided robust evidence that complications during pregnancy and birth increase the risks for long-term depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(1).Birth complications are frequent, affecting up to 40% of pregnant women, and can continue to be burdensome for mothers and children beyond birth. Whilst there is a well-established body of evidence about the effect of these complications on mental health in the immediate postpartum period, particularly the first six months, much less is known about the impact these complications have longer term, during the first year after birth and beyond.(1)The authors have carried out the first, comprehensive meta-analysis estimating rates of long-term maternal mental health outcomes for women following pregnancy and birth complications. They performed a rigorous, substantial systematic review and meta-analysis, consolidating 33 studies with almost 4 million participants. The authors found significant associations between pregnancy terminations, miscarriage and preterm birth, with maternal depression and anxiety, and preterm birth (but not caesarean section) being significantly associated with PTSD.What do their findings tell us beyond the clear link of pregnancy complications and adverse maternal mental health outcomes? Firstly, that in spite of a relatively large number of studies and participants, there is an evident lack of high-quality studies on the associations of pregnancy complications and long-term mental health outcomes. Depression and anxiety were the most reported associations across all studies, and the authors note the absence of studies on other mental disorders than anxiety, depression and PTSD, which made further meta-analyses impossible.Secondly, with the total of 33 studies being from 15 countries, the findings confirm the striking lack of research from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Only four of the identified studies are from Asia, one from South America, and none from Africa. Whilst the extent of maternal morbidity is hard to estimate, looking at the burden of maternal mortality points at an excessive gap: nearly 95% of maternal deaths occurred in LMICs in 2020,(2), with the mental health related impact being largely hidden due to a lack of data.Thirdly, and perhaps most strikingly, we are missing the extent of maternal suicide as an adverse mental health outcome. The authors’ primary review outcomes were common and severe maternal mental disorders, and regrettably suicidality has been omitted as a primary mental health outcome. Maternal suicide is the leading cause of direct death in the postnatal period.(3) In high income countries 5-20% of maternal deaths are from suicide,(4) however stigma and challenges in unified approaches to reporting and measurement obscure the picture, with a lack of evidence beyond the immediate post-partum period, and particularly from LMICs.(5). Given the high burden, there is an urgent need to understand these links as substantial long-term adverse maternal mental health outcomes of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Beyond the post-partum impact, evidence on the long-term mental health outcomes in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited. What Bodunde and colleagues have added is clear and highly needed evidence for the direct associations of adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term mental health conditions. What is now required is more robust evidence on prevalence and associations of these conditions and their long-term effects, particularly studies from LMICs, and including maternal suicide. Research examining more effective intervention is critical: studies should explore and test what interventions are acceptable, effective and scalable in different settings and communities, to support women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes in their mental health, and prevent long term mental ill health particularly in populations with the greatest burden of disease.Disclosure of Interests: n.a.Funding: NV is funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant MR/Y503319/1), the Oxford MSD Improving Equitable Access to Healthcare grant, and partially supported by the UK Medical Research Council (UKRI) for the Indigo Partnership (MR/R023697/1) award1. Bodunde EO, Buckley D, O’Neill E, Al Khalaf S, Maher GM, O’Connor K, et al. Pregnancy and birth complications and long-term maternal mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.n/a(n/a).2. World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division: World Health Organization; 2023.3. Knight M, Bunch K, Tuffnell D, R P, Shakespeare J, Kotnis R, et al. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care-Lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2017-19. Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford 2021.4. Howard LM, Khalifeh H. Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2020;19(3):313-27.5. Simmons E, Gong J, Daskalopoulou Z, Quigley MA, Alderdice F, Harrison S, et al. Global contribution of suicide to maternal mortality: a systematic review protocol. 2024;14(9):e087669.

Objective: To explore the nutrition-related healthcare experiences of individuals with endometriosis from both dietitian and consumer perspectives. Design: Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews. Setting: Online. Population or Sample: Individuals with endometriosis (≥18 years of age) (n=15) and dietitians (n=9) providing endometriosis care. Methods: One-on-one interviews with dietitians and individuals with endometriosis were conducted between March and June, 2024. Interview protocols were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and explored topics including self-directed diet modifications, access and referrals to dietitians, and confidence and competence in managing endometriosis with diet. The Framework Method was used for data analysis. Main outcome measures: The nutrition-related experiences of individuals with endometriosis and dietitians providing endometriosis care. Results: Four themes were generated including: [1] Need for individualised care, [2] Demand for healthcare system changes, [3] Importance of trusted voices for both individuals with endometriosis and practitioners, and [4] Demand for further disease research. Several sub-themes within these themes were also identified covering topics such as self-advocacy, financial burdens limiting accesses to nutrition care, the need for earlier dietary intervention of individuals with endometriosis, a lack of professional recognition for dietitians in the management of endometriosis, and the need for improved dietitian competence and confidence in providing endometriosis care. Conclusions: Individualised nutrition intervention is essential to endometriosis management. Earlier dietetic management, increased access to credible nutrition information sources for consumers, and enhanced confidence via increased clinical support for dietitians are essential for improving the long-term management of endometriosis. Funding: None to declare.

Aims To analyse multimorbidity( ≥2 chronic disorders in the same individual), polypharmacy ( ≥5 medications in the same individual) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in hospitalized elderly patients. In addition, possible risk factors related to PIMs were also investigated. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of 276 elderly patients aged ≥65 years old. PIMs was analyzed based on Beers criteria (2019 edition) and Chinese criteria, patients were divided into non-PIMs, 1PIMs and ≥2 PIMs group based on both critieria. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors related to PIMs. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was as high as 96.74% (n=267). 91.30% of patients (n=252) had polypharmacy. Determined by Beers and Chinese criteria, 40.22% (n=111) and 41.30% (n=114) of patients had 1 PIMs, 26.09% (n=72) and 13.77% (n=38) of patients had 2 or more PIMs. Based on Beers criteria, patients with PIMs had more prescribed medications compared to patients with non-PIMs (median [inter-quartile range, IQR]: 10[7–12] vs.7[5-9]), patients with 2 or more PIMs had significant more prescribed medications compared to patients with 1 PIMs (11[9.25-13] vs 8 [7-11]); Similar results was found based on Chinese criteria. Further logistic regression analysis showed that the strongest predictor of PIMs was increased number of prescribed medications as determined by both Beers and Chinese criteria (P<0.001). Gender, number of diseases or age was not risk factor Potential inappropriate medicationscorrelated to PIMs in our study. Conclusion PIMs in the elderly was very common, increased number of prescribed medications was the strongest predictor of PIM

Note: Nanowires are just like normal electrical wires except for the fact that they are very small.  Like conventional wires, nanowires can be made from a variety of conductive and semi-conductive materials such as copper, silver, gold, iron, silicon, zinc oxide, and germanium.  Nanowires can also be made from carbon nanotubes.Nanowires are less than 100 nm in diameter and can be as small as 3 nm.  Typically, nanowires are more than 1000 times larger than their diameter.  This huge difference in length-to-diameter ratio compared to nanowires is often referred to as 1D materials.  This leads to unique properties not seen in bulk materials,  the minute size of nanowires means that quantum mechanical effects become important.

Runoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation patterns is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms in the plains’ farmlands of North China and analyze the impact of wheat growth on runoff generation in typical slope farmland. Seven scenarios of experiments were designed on two soil tanks as the farm-sample of different slopes, which are 2° and 4° separated. These scenarios took into account local climate types, cropping structures, and slope by setting a uniform rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h through an artificial rainfall device located in Yongnian County, Hebei Province, China. These experiments were conducted, and the runoff generation process in different scenarios were observed from October 2019 to June 2021. Through the comparison of the observed runoff processes, the results indicate that surface runoff varies significantly, while interflow remains relatively stable. Vegetation cover has a greater impact than slope on runoff process. As winter wheat grew, the initial time of surface runoff was delayed, and runoff yield decreased, whereas the runoff generation of interflow exhibited the opposite trend. Under the same vegetation cover conditions, the increase in slope led to an advance in the T Rs and an increase in runoff volume and peak value, while the interflow findings were inverse. The bare land in the winter wheat scenario has a significantly greater runoff volume, likely benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide insight into understanding runoff patterns in North China, reducing the uncertainty between runoff model parameters and watershed characteristics, and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.

Life-threatening situations in and around lifts, escalators, and travellators are known to cause severe injury and, in some cases, death. We research the real-time risk and analyse the recent spate of injuries by "people movers". We analyse these critical systems that follow a consistent pattern of catastrophic failure. Our research reviews the technology, its application, and the risks to humans from using these systems with low awareness of the dangers of careless use. The study identifies parameters that warn against impending failures by increasing awareness of the risk, such as the shear force experienced by human joints whilst stepping on or off systems in operation, especially with distracted, unrestricted children. We investigate and discuss the dangers of carrying forbidden items onto these utilities. Our investigation delves into electro-mechanical people mover technologies and suggests behavioural and ML-based edge intelligence to preempt accidents.

EP Rounds case. No abstract as described by author guidelines.