Currently, research on the combined application of straw-made charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure is not extensive, despite their positive effects on soil fertility improvement and plant physiological characteristics. By compounding chicken manure with straw charcoal, we respectively set up six treatments: conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization with straw charcoal (CF) and biochar-based fertilizers with straw charcoal ratios of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 25% (M 0C 0, M 1C 1, M 2C 2, M 3C 3). Through ecological stoichiometric analysis, we found that the biochar can increase soil C/N, C/P and N/P to varying degrees. In the 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil, C/P increased by 18.78% and 6.29%, respectively. Further homeostatic analysis found that C/P showed a strong homeostatic state between the surface and deep layers, indicating that the application of biochar could effectively enhance the fixation of phosphorus, and C/N and N/P showed a similar trend. Then, using Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of different biochar-based fertilizers was conducted. The results show that in the 0-10cm soil layer, the comprehensive scores of soil fertility are ranked as M 2C 2 > M 3C 3 > M 0C 0 > CF > M 1C 1 > CK, and in the 10-20cm soil layer, the scores are ranked as M 2C 2 > M 0C 0 > M 3C 3 > M 1C 1 > CK > CF. Therefore, biochar-based fertilizers made from poultry manure/straw charcoal have significant advantages in improving soil fertility.

The degree of spatial overlap between size groups within a population (hereafter, spatial overlap) influences key biological processes, such as connectivity and competition within a population. However, how changes in spatial overlap with abundance vary across populations, particularly in relation to life history traits, is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed spatial time series data from 1982 to 2019 to investigate how spatial overlap responded to changing abundance in 56 marine fish populations across four regions. Our results show that 33 populations exhibited positive relationships between spatial overlap and abundance in over 50% of size group pairs. In the North Sea and on the Scottish West Coast, certain size group pairs showed a stronger spatial overlap-abundance relationship in populations characterized by slower growth (higher growth coefficient, longer lifespan, later maturity) and larger body sizes (greater maximum and asymptotic size), compared to populations with faster growth and smaller body sizes. This suggests that size groups within slower-growing and larger-bodied populations tend to spatially segregate more rapidly when abundance declines, making them vulnerable to local disturbances such as in hotspots of fishing pressure and habitat destruction. Our analytical approach suggests that the spatial overlap-abundance relationship could serve as a useful vulnerability index for conservation and management efforts.

Quantitation of damping is of great significance for the design and condition assessment of wind turbines. The authors’ previous theoretical and numerical studies showed that compared to damping ratios, a modal aerodynamic damping matrix can better describe the damping coupling in the fore-aft (FA) and side-side (SS) tower motions. In the present study, an improved damping identification method was first proposed to identify this damping matrix with artificial exciters and then verified by using OpenFAST simulations under different excitation frequencies, excitation force amplitudes, and different turbulent wind fields. Following the numerical study, a scaled wind turbine model with a geometric scale ratio of 1/75 was carefully designed based on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine prototype, in which the scaled blade design follows the rule in thrust coefficient similarity. An identification study was performed with this scaled model by a series of wind tunnel tests. The modal aerodynamic damping matrix was identified under steady-state harmonic excitation in the operating state and compared with the identified results by a free decay method and the theoretical values. The results experimentally confirm the correctness of the aerodynamic damping matrix theory under uniform wind and the feasibility of the improved identification method in practice.

jabbrv-ltwa-all.ldf jabbrv-ltwa-en.ldf Adaptation to different environments in geographically separated populations is key for allopatric speciation. Most research has focused on the effects of geographical isolation and abiotic factors, but disjunct populations frequently co-occur with different pools species, favouring divergent adaptation and speciation. We show the importance of plant neighbourhood, compared to geographic and environmental factors, in the allopatric speciation across the Iberian Peninsula of two closely related plants, Carex elata and Carex reuteriana. Using regularized generalized linear models, we identified the key variables explaining distribution patterns. We also examined the relationships between inter-population genetic distances, using genomic data (genotyping-by-sequencing), and biotic, abiotic and geographic factors to understand the drivers of lineage splitting. Plant neighbourhood emerged as a stronger predictor of allopatric distributions than abiotic or geographic factors. Additionally, inter-population genetic distances were significantly associated with all the factors studied, albeit with varying degrees of influence. Notably, plant neighbourhood had the largest effect in C. elata, which showed the greatest population differentiation. These findings suggest that the biotic and microenvironmental factors influencing divergent plant neighbourhoods have significantly contributed to the differentiation of these taxa, providing new insights into the evolutionary processes shaping the origin and distribution of species.

The polyp-canal system is vital for the growth, budding, and mineralization of scleractinian corals. Seriatopora hystrix displays a unique structural trait, with its calices and canals making up only about 15% of the colony volume, significantly lower than the 40-50% observed in other widely distributed genera such as Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora, or Stylophora. We used micro-computed tomography to visualize the polyp-canal system of S. hystrix, quantify its growth parameters, and simulate the dynamic processes of polyp budding and movement. It reveals that the polyps in S. hystrix follow the budding pattern of unilateral extension along the growth axis and radiates within the horizontal plane, which simplifies its polyp-canal system. Through the finite element analyses under average and maximum wave velocities of South China Sea, we measured the stress distribution in coral models with varying canal volume proportions. We found that the lower volume proportion of polyp-canal system in S. hystrix reduces the VonMises stress at the branching areas by approximately 40-50%, ensuring the continual construction of branchlets in high speed flow field. This study enhances our understanding of Seriatopora coral growth patterns and their adaptation to marine environments, contributing to the species selection in coral reef restoration.

Monitoring genetic parameters is important for setting effective conservation and management strategies, particularly for small, fragmented, and isolated populations. Small populations face increased rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, which increase extinction risk especially when gene flow is limited. Here, we applied a Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) panel to inform recovery action for the northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus), listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We evaluated genetic diversity, structure, connectivity, and effective population size to address species recovery goals. We delineated 15 conservation units: (1) three evolutionarily significant units that represent long-term population structure and evolutionary history, (2) nine management units that reflect current demographic connectivity and restrictions to gene flow, and (3) three adaptive units that capture adaptive differentiation across the species range. Effective population sizes per management unit were small overall (mean 38.16, range 2.3-220.9), indicating that recovery goals have not been reached. Our results suggest that connectivity within evolutionarily significant units should be maintained through the restoration of dispersal corridors. We recommend further sampling of subpopulations that harbor unique adaptive differentiation and that are geographically isolated to refine our understanding of adaptive variation. We recommend ongoing genetic monitoring with the same GT-seq marker panel to detect dispersal, assess effective population size, monitor the effects of inbreeding, and evaluate adaptive differentiation to monitor the effects of management action and environmental change. This study provides an illustration of how genetic and genomic tools can inform management and assess recovery goals for a threatened species.

Microbiota are increasingly recognized as key players in regulating host biological functions, influencing both the ecology and evolution of organisms. However, the factors shaping microbiota diversity and structure in natural environments remain underexplored, especially the relative importance of host genetics versus environmental factors. In this study, we address this gap using the freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus, an intermediate host for some human and animal Schistosoma parasites, as a model species. We developed 31 new microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of B. truncatus across 9 sites in Senegal. We then applied metabarcoding to characterize the diversity and structure of individual snail bacterial microbiota and environmental communities associated with each sampling site using environmental DNA. We also used molecular diagnostics to determine trematode infection status of B. truncatus individuals. By integrating these data through multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) analyses, we quantified the influence of B. truncatus population genetics, spatial distribution, environmental bacterial communities, and infection status on the snail’s microbiota structure. Our results show that the genetic structure of B. truncatus populations, and to a lower extent geographic distribution, are the main factors explaining the snail’s microbiota compositions. Neither the environmental bacterial communities nor trematode infection status significantly contributed to microbiota structure. A portion of the variance in microbiota composition remains unexplained, suggesting that additional ecological or intrinsic factors might be involved. These findings provide new insights into the drivers of microbiota structure in natural populations and highlight the complexity of host-microbiota-environment interactions.

Perovskite materials have received great attention due to high carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and high light absorption coefficient. Its excellent optoelectronic properties and lower material costs make it a strong competitive raw material for future electronic materials and high-temperature superconducting materials. Especially when applied to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells, its high conversion efficiency and relatively simple preparation process make it a revolutionary material that may change the pattern of perovskite-based devices and break through the limit of industrialization. However, with the development of technology, traditional preparation and treatment methods for perovskite can no longer meet the increasing demands of industry. Researchers have found that laser technology is very compatible with perovskite materials. Currently, laser technology is widely used and has shown remarkable results in perovskite materials. Therefore, this review summarizes the application of laser technology in perovskite materials, mainly including laser-induced nucleation and film formation, laser annealing, laser ablation, laser printing, and laser patterning. It introduces the achievements of researchers in using laser technology to regulate perovskite in recent years and looks forward to the prospects and future of perovskite-based on laser technology.

Article Title- MACROSCOPIC T WAVE ALTERNANS –UNUSUAL PRESENTATION IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS

A document by Christophe Popelier. Click on the document to view its contents.

TitleAberrant right subclavian artery: a rare cause of stridor in infants  Affiliations   1. Mohammad Alashqar*Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. mohammad_20012011@icloud.com2. Israa salmanPediatrics and Neonatology, Tulkarim Governmental Hospital, Tulkarim, PSE israsalman5@gmail.com3. Seba LubbadehFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. Sebalubbadeh123@gmail.com4. Osayd khasatiFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. khassati55@gmail.com

Introduction:Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, releasing myoglobin, creatine kinase, and other intracellular contents into the bloodstream. While rhabdomyolysis is commonly associated with physical exertion, trauma, infections, myopathies, and drug and medication toxicity, it can also occur in psychiatric patients due to various factors including drug adverse effects, drug-drug interaction, substance abuse, and immobility. [9] Here, we present a case of rhabdomyolysis in a psychiatric patient, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis, management, and interdisciplinary care.

A man with two pacemakers: the mystery of the electrocardiogramYingchun Hu1*, Xiaoyu Chen2*, Hui Huang1, Weiming Luo1,Yisheng Zhou1, Xingkao Chen1, Guoping Liu1, Hanping Zhang1#1Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Development District Hospital, 196 Youyi Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510730, Guangdong, China2Department of Nephrology, Rheumatism and Immunology, Chongqing Jiulongpo People’s Hospital, Chongqing, 400050, China* These authors have contributed equally to this work and were both the first authors.# The author is the corresponding author.# Correspondence to : Hanping ZhangE-mail: zhanghp0931@163.comMail to: Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Development District Hospital, 196 Youyi Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510730, Guangdong, ChinaKey words: electrocardiogram, pacemaker, battery depletion, pacing spikes, His bundle pacingKey Clinical MessageThe increasing growth in the elderly population and expanding indications for pacemaker use have led to a progressive rise in the number of pacemaker implants. As the number of pacemaker implants continues to grow, the demand for pacemaker replacements also increases. Therefore, regular follow-up and timely detection of pacemaker issues are particularly important. Our findings reported a confusing but interesting clinical practice. In our study, three spike signals are observed during stable pacing periods, with fixed spikes occurring during in AV delay at 180 ms intervals, excluding other operation types such as CRT and His bundle pacing.

KEYPOINTS Relapsing polychondritis is an uncommon, multi-organ autoimmune condition marked by repeated episodes of inflammation leading to the degradation of cartilage in various parts of the body, such as the ears, nose, joints, and respiratory pathways. keywords: relapsing polychondritis, autoimmune, cartilage, inflammation, perichondritis.

Obesity remains a global public health concern and decision-makers are increasingly interested in anti-obesity medications as a treatment option. The UK Life Sciences Vision committed to accelerating the development, testing and patient availability of innovative medicines, medical technologies, digital devices, and one of the major health priorities is obesity. To realise the obesity mission we provide horizon scanning intelligence on anti-obesity medicines that are in clinical development so market regulators, reimbursement agencies, industry and health services are informed about medicines currently in the clinical development pipeline. Using horizon scanning techniques a search was performed across clinical trial registries and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Innovation Observatory’s (IO) Medicines Innovation Database (MInD) to identify medicines investigating obesity. Trials were screened for eligibility and data extracted by one reviewer with quality assurance checks conducted by a second reviewer. We identified 47 unique medicines in pre-clinical development and 177 unique medicines in over 405 clinical trials. Just under one quarter of identified medicines had a valid marketing authorisation in the UK. Drug development activity appears to be driven by GLP-1RA therapies, with semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide being studied actively in high volumes of clinical trials with many participants. By sharing this early signalling, we believe key stakeholders will be better prepared to monitor promising anti-obesity medicines in the clinical development pipeline and be in an optimal position to facilitate timely patient access to clinically and cost-effective medicines at pace and at scale.

In this letter, a beam downtilt reconfigurable linear antenna array is presented for the demand of the electrical downtilt of 5G/6G macro base station antennas. The antenna is capable of fine-angle beam direction reconfiguration, allowing for improved adaptability in various environmental conditions. A hierarchical network design is employed, which incorporates essential elements such as phase shifter modules, power dividers, and couplers. These fundamental components are used to construct a five-element reconfigurable feeding network for the antenna array. The designed network ensures stable phase shifts and excellent impedance matching performance. By integrating the feeding network with the antenna elements, the system achieves electronic beam tilt adjustment across four states, enabling the linear array to tilt downward within a range of 6 - 12° around 3.5 GHz. This design provides enhanced beam control, making it suitable for next-generation macro base station applications in 5G and 6G networks.

Background/aims: The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, recognized as an indicator of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, has been correlated with various cancer risks, including that of breast cancer (BC). This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of developing BC, as well as its potential in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast conditions. Methods: An extensive search of the literature was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2024. Observational studies reporting TyG index values alongside their correlation with BC were included. Results: A total of thirty studies, encompassing 2,058,536 participants, were analyzed. The findings revealed that a higher TyG index significantly correlated with increased BC risk (Effect Size [ES]: 1.65, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.15–2.36, p = 0.006). Individuals in the highest TyG index category had a 1.87-fold greater risk of BC compared to those in the lowest category (ES: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.45–2.41, p = 0.001). This association was notably stronger in Asian populations. Moreover, patients with malignant breast lesions showed elevated TyG index values in contrast to those with benign lesions ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: An elevated TyG index is significantly linked to a heightened risk of BC and may be useful for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Further exploration into the clinical applicability of the TyG index as a cost-effective screening tool is suggested.

The development of affordable and sustainable nanomaterials for energy storage is a top priority and a major focus within the global research community. Among these, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) have emerged as a promising material for supercapacitors due to their distinctive morphology, high surface reactivity, and microporous structure. Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs), known for their vast surface area and electrically active inorganic centers, have emerged as a potential material for energy storage. In this context, Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) rhombic dodecahedron is homogenously decorated with carbon nano-onions (CNOs, size <100 nm) to form a nanocomposite of CNOs/ ZIF (67 and 8) utilizing a simple solvothermal technique. The samples have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, which confirms the successful synthesis of the samples. The produced material displays a distinct rhombic dodecahedral shape, significant porosity, and a large specific surface area (SSA) confirmed by N 2 sorption studies. The as-prepared samples further tested as electrode material for supercapacitors and among them CNO/ZIF-67 nanocomposite surpasses in terms of SSA, electron and ion transport speed, and structural stability, leading to improved electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of 1064.2 F g −1 at a current density of 2 A g -1 is observed for CNO/ZIF-67 in a 1 M H 2SO 4 aqueous electrolyte in three-electrode system. Subsequently, a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) is constructed to investigate the system’s capacitive behavior. Notably, the SSC exhibited a peak device-specific capacitance of 325.40 F g -1 at 2 A g -1, high energy density of 24.51 Wh Kg -1, and achieved a maximum power density of 2.4 kW kg -1. The practical functionality of the device was demonstrated by connecting two symmetrical supercapacitors in series, effectively powering a red LED. These results highlight new opportunities for structural engineering in carbon nano-onion and metal-organic framework-based electrode materials, paving the way for advancements in future energy storage technologies.

The rapid development of neural network-based models has revolutionized the field of text generation, translation, and understanding, but significant limitations still persist, particularly regarding generalization and adaptability across diverse linguistic tasks. A novel approach introduced here leverages randomization of conceptual embeddings to address these challenges, enhancing model performance by introducing semantic variability into the training process. This method fosters the ability of the language model to generate more flexible and contextually rich outputs, with improvements noted in perplexity, accuracy, fluency, and vocabulary diversity. The results demonstrate the potential of conceptual embedding techniques to alleviate common issues such as over-reliance on learned patterns, ultimately improving robustness across a wide range of tasks. Performance comparisons between the baseline and enhanced models suggest that the conceptual embedding injection strategy not only increases the model's linguistic creativity but also promotes superior handling of unfamiliar input contexts. While computational constraints were observed, the overall improvements in linguistic quality, coupled with more dynamic internal representations, highlight the significance of embedding randomization as a valuable tool for advancing text generation models.

We present data on ice nucleating particles (INPs) from three Antarctic locations, a region for which INP measurements are still rare: the German Neumayer research station, contributing two years of data; the Belgian Princess Elisabeth Station with samples from two austral summer seasons; and the region of the Antarctic Peninsula, adding data from a research cruise and subsequent land-based sampling. While often land masses are INP sources, we found especially low INP concentrations for the two stations furthest south, Neumayer and Princess Elisabeth. No clear annual cycle could be identified at Neumayer. No strong signal from biological particles, as known to occur e.g., in the summertime Arctic, was observed. Our findings suggest that Antarctica lacks INP sources, especially from the biosphere, which exist elsewhere, even in the Arctic. Furthermore, a simple INP parameterization was developed, based on the Neumayer dataset and tested for data from Princess Elisabeth Station.

Full Laparotomy under Spinal Anesthesia: Case ReportAgmuas Asichale 11, Dr. Dagnachew Sahle2, Wedajo Tsegaye1, Emebet Seyum1 and Mistre Nigussie1Authors Email: agmuasas@gmail.com, dagnachewsahle50@gmail.comwedajotsegaye53@gmail.com, emutiseyum@gmail.comand mistrenigus@gmail.com., respectively

A document by Cagri Yardimci. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objectives: Global oral health is a crucial topic since this (largely preventable) burden affects 3.5 million people worldwide, disproportionately impacting disadvantaged groups and exacerbating in low and middle-income countries like Cabo Verde. This exploratory study aimed to understand the oral health landscape for children in Cabo Verde. With this knowledge, we hope to provide guidance for oral health promotion and disease prevention in similar resource-constrained settings. Methods: Purposive sampling identified 38 stakeholders, including 20 schoolchildren and 8 parents. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data: oral health knowledge, oral health practices, dietary habits, and dental service accessibility. As main challenges were identified: time constraints hindering comprehensive oral health education in schools, parental struggles in managing children’s habits and the pervasive availability of sugar-rich foods driven by affordability and influence, limiting access to healthier alternatives. Public dental facilities face severe issues; professional oral health accessibility is currently a significant challenge. Discussion: The study reveals complex oral health challenges for Cabo Verdean children, highlighting systemic obstacles. Despite government claims of free dental care, service absence and high costs impede prevention. The financial barrier aligns with global trends, but Cabo Verde’s unique factors complicate this. Tourism’s impact on oral health, particularly sweets provision, is underexplored. These results emphasize the necessity of addressing oral health services in Cabo Verde, where schools and parents show initiative, but broad population-level improvement necessitates accessible dental care and dietary changes.

Management of Maxillary Endemic Burkitt lymphoma: A case Report in a 9-year-old Patient1. Mohammad Amir Alizadeh Tabrizi \RL : Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.Tabrizi86@zaums.ac.ir2. Sadra Amirpour Haradasht: Postgraduate Student, Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.sadraharadasht@gmail.com3. Mojgan balverdi: Postgraduate Student, Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.M69blv@gmail.com4. Saba Sefidabi: DDS, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, USAsefidabisaba@gmail.comCorresponding author: Saba Sefidabi. D.M.D.Email: sefidabisaba@gmail.com stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, Ok 73117