A document by Laurie-Anne De Pauw. Click on the document to view its contents.

Waterskiing has been a commonplace and generally well-accepted activity on inland waterways for many decades. More recently, there has been a significant increase in wakeboarding and wakesurfing, with the latter relying heavily upon ‘enhanced’ boat wake. This has seen an increase in issues such as shoreline erosion and damage to public and private property, often resulting in additional complications for those tasked with the management of sheltered waterways. This is most prevalent in situations where lateral distance is limited, such as rivers and small lakes, where there may be insufficient distance for the larger boat-generated waves to disperse and attenuate. This has become a hot topic, with disputes occurring at many locations – for example, there are known cases in at least 20 US States. This paper investigates the key differences in characteristics of the waves generated by typical waterski and wake boats, with and without wake enhancing devices. Measurements of the waves generated by a variety of recreational and wake boats were acquired from full-scale field trials. Results are presented graphically and compared with data from other published studies of a similar nature. It is confirmed that there are significant differences in both the height and energy of the maximum wave generated by the three different water sports (and to a lesser extent, wave period). Data is acquired at multiple locations over a relatively large lateral distance from the sailing line of the test boats which should assist regulators to identify management options for waterways with sensitive shorelines and vulnerable property.

The alpine mountain watersheds of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau stand as pivotal water sources in Asia, serving as vital reservoirs for the region’s ecohydrological balance. Their significance in sustaining the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its surrounding areas is undeniable. A comprehensive grasp of water replenishment, the impacts of climate change, and responses to alterations in runoff dynamics on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is paramount for the effective management and utilization of water resources amidst the backdrop of global warming. This research highlights that, amidst the backdrop of climate change, there is a noticeable alteration in the runoff recharge mechanisms within certain watersheds. Concurrently, it observes a general trend towards a heightened contribution of rainfall to runoff volumes across the majority of these basins. In the major alpine basins of the Tibetan Plateau, rainfall emerges as the predominant runoff source. The contribution of groundwater to the hydrological cycle is non-negligible, and the influence of snow and ice meltwater is intricately tied to the extent of glacial and snow-covered regions. The study’s findings draw attention to a general upward trend in runoff depths across the majority of the watersheds, contrasted with a downward trend observed in certain watersheds within the Riverside Corridor. Furthermore, the study delineates the disparate effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities/land use alterations on runoff patterns. It reveals a trend in some watersheds where the impact pattern is undergoing a shift, with the majority exhibiting a progressive enlargement of the climate change impact sphere.

The demonstration of the establishment of age-friendly communities in China has been fully completed, and the demonstration promotion work is under way. At this point, it is very necessary and meaningful to sum up and find out the difficulties and deficiencies in the work, and give scientific feedback to the policy from practical experience. Taking community construction in Jiangxi Province as an example, this study conducted coding analysis and cluster analysis with reference to the “Detailed Grading Rules for National Demonstrative Age-friendly Communities (for Trial Implementation)”, and found the difficulties and deficiencies in improving travel facilities, providing services for older people, and improving management and security capabilities of urban and rural communities in China. The huge gap between urban and rural communities in the construction of infrastructure and construction status is clarified, and it is suggested to optimize policies from the construction of public infrastructure, the attention of special older groups, and the strengthening of talent-capital-technology security.

Fluctuating salinity is symptomatic of climate change challenging aquatic species. The melting of polar ice, rising sea levels, coastal surface and groundwater salinization, and increased evaporation in arid habitats alter salinity world-wide. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as rainstorms and floods increase, causing rapid shifts in brackish and coastal habitat salinity. Such salinity alterations disrupt homeostasis, and ultimately diminish fitness, of aquatic organisms by interfering with metabolism, reproduction, immunity, and other critical aspects of physiology. Proteins are central for these physiological mechanisms. They represent the molecular building blocks of phenotypes that govern organismal responses to environmental challenges. Environmental cues regulate proteins in concerted fashion, necessitating holistic analyses of proteomes for comprehending salinity stress responses. Proteomics approaches reveal molecular causes of population declines and enable holistic bioindication geared towards timely interventions to prevent local extinctions. Proteomics analyses of salinity effects on aquatic organisms have been performed since the mid-1990s, propelled by the invention of two-dimensional protein gels, soft ionization techniques for mass spectrometry, and nano-liquid chromatography in the 1970s and 1980s. This review summarizes the current knowledge on salinity regulation of proteomes from aquatic organisms, including key methodological advances over the past decades.

1. VisiónVisión del Programa:El programa tiene como objetivo proporcionar experiencias educativas STEM integradoras que fomenten la creatividad, el pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas en estudiantes, al mismo tiempo que se alinean con la misión de nuestra organización: brindar educación de calidad que prepare a los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos globales. Este proyecto en particular está diseñado para apoyar la implementación de soluciones energéticas sostenibles en comunidades rurales, alineándose con el ODS No. 4.Apoyo:El diseño de esta clase cuenta con el respaldo del supervisor académico y el equipo directivo, que promueven iniciativas STEM como parte del currículo institucional.

In order to efficiently transmit spatial data with diversified service types, based on the virtual channel multiplexing technology of Advanced Orbiting Systems ( AOS ), this paper proposes an Intelligent Frame Algorithm in Advanced Orbiting Systems( AIFG ) for differentiated QoS requirements. To expedite the transmission of delay-sensitive services, the optimal time threshold for framing such services is modeled as a Markov Decision Process. The algorithm utilizes Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), achieving an optimal solution based on performance metrics such as frame multiplexing efficiency, average framing time, and average packet delay. To improve the multiplexing efficiency for non-delay-sensitive services, this paper requires that these services are framed only after the frame is fully filled. Simulation results show that, compared to traditional frame generation algorithms, the AIFG algorithm reduces the average queuing delay of services by at least 33%, increases throughput by at least 37%, and improves multiplexing efficiency by at least 52%. AIFG algorithm takes into account the different transmission requirements of real-time services and non-real-time services, and enhances the network quality of service (QoS) in the AOS system.

Background The sting challenge test (SCT) is regarded as the most reliable method for assessing the effectiveness of venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, its predictive value in patients undergoing VIT is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of the SCT. Methods A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on patients receiving VIT who underwent SCT. The study gathered data on patient demographics, diagnosis, immunotherapy details, outcomes of the SCT and their comparison to subsequent field sting (FS) results. Results A total of 261 patients were included, and 372 SCT were recorded. The majority of the patients (75.1%) were men. A diagnosis of mastocytosis was confirmed in 7.7%. The final diagnoses were allergy to Apis mellifera (48.7%), Polistes dominula (36.8%), Vespula spp. (2.7%) and Polistes dominula plus Vespula spp. (10,7%). Sting challenge tests were performed with Apis in 61.6% of the overall tests, Polistes in 34.1% and Vespula in 4.3%. The majority (95.7%) of the SCT were negative. Regarding FS, 146 patients (56.2%) experienced 306 FS of which 95.1% were negative. Among these 146 patients, 137 had a negative SCT, and 130 of these also had a subsequent negative FS, resulting in a 94.9% of negative predictive value (NPV) of the test. Of the patients who experienced FS, 9 had a positive SCT and only 3 of them had a positive FS, resulting in a positive predictive value of 33,3%. Conclusions SCT is a safe procedure, and its high NPV emphasizes the usefulness of this test in assessing the effectiveness of VIT.

Short title of the paper … Photocatalysts with dual functionalities of decomposing organic pollutants in water and combating bacterial infections are increasingly important. Herein, NaGdF4:Yb,Tm@ZnO/Ag3PO4 (UZA) nanoheterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized via hydrothermal, sol-gel, and in situ deposition methods. The UZA photocatalyst demonstrated exceptional efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), crucial for organic pollutant degradation. The incorporation of Ag facilitated efficient charge transfer in the all-solid-state Z-scheme nanoheterojunction system. Furthermore, UZA exhibited potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of UZA were 50 μg/mL for S. aureus and 25 μg/mL for E. coli under natural irradiation, and 100 μg/mL for S. aureus and 25 μg/mL for E. coli under 980 nm irradiation, respectively. In vivo studies using a mouse model of acute bacterial-infected wounds demonstrated that UZA incorporated into chitosan hydrogel dressings accelerated wound healing through photodynamic therapy within 9 days. The treated wounds exhibited rapid reduction to 9.95% of the initial area, diminished inflammatory responses, and enhanced re-epithelialization attributed to sustained antibacterial effects and pathogen inhibition. Moreover, UZA composites showed excellent biocompatibility with a minimal hemolysis rate of 0.5% on erythrocytes. These findings underscore the promising application of UZA in water treatment for organic pollutants and in the treatment of skin wound infections caused by pathogenic bacteria.

A high-glucose environment induces imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, and further result in the decreased autophagic capacity and energy metabolism of mitochondria. This mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits the regeneration of bone tissue. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an efficient strategy to rebalance the mitochondrial homeostasis to further accelerate the bone regeneration process. However, traditional ES strategies are invasive and easily cause secondary trauma, limiting its medical application. Here, we designed a new non-invasive direct-current electric field (DCEF) strategy. This strategy can provide ES in situ without implantation. Results show that this strategy can target and regulate mitochondrial homeostasis through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, activating mitochondrial autophagy, alleviate high-glucose-induced mitochondrial damage, and further promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Consequently, this exogenous non-invasive ES strategy can effectively accelerate the repair of bone defects in a high-glucose environment through alleviating mitochondrial damage.

Retrograde Intubation in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Airway Obstruction: A Case Report and Literature ReviewLaxman Wagle MBBS1*, Dhiraj Raj Regmi MBBS2, Sangharsha Thapa MBBS3, Mustafa Abdulmahdi MD4Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Maryland, USADepartment of Internal Medicine Residency, MedStar Health, Maryland, USADepartment of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center, New York, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Maryland, USA*Corresponding author: Laxman Wagle, Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital, Maryland, USA. Email: waglelaxman6@gmail.com, Contact Number: +1-410-907-5111

Phycella (Amaryllidaceae) is a clade of lilies endemic to the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of Chile. To approach the evolutionary history of Phycella, we sampled a total of 137 individuals from 47 populations, including all described taxa throughout the geographic range of the group, and sampled 893 nuclear genes (1135 exons) through hybrid capture. These data largely resolved the phylogeny of Phycella with high support and demonstrated substantial phylogenetic resolution at the population level. Near-complete plastomes were extracted from raw reads and assembled for all samples to compare with the nuclear framework and examine complex evolutionary processes. Using phylogenetic network and modeling approaches, we identified major cytonuclear discord, attributable to proximity-based gene flow among recently diverged species through the speciation process, largely involving cytoplasmic DNA. Analyses of niche overlap among species and nuclear clades suggest that the diversification of Phycella was associated with niche divergence, supporting a predominantly geographic mode of speciation in the group, likely driven by the mountainous landscape characteristic of diversity and endemism center of this clade in central Chile. The combination of high-resolution molecular data Finally, we present a major integrative taxonomic proposal that divides Phycella into 18 species on the basis of molecular, morphological, and ecological data. Overall, our findings highlight the value of strong sampling of both populations/individuals and genetic loci for speciation studies, which in combination with morphological and ecological data was key to identifying both evolutionary processes and a confident taxonomic framework for contextualizing these processes.

Scarf pin-Aspiration: case report in a 2 years old child with delayed diagnosis of foreign body end up with fatal complication.Kenneth Mlay1,2 Desderius Chussi 1,2Johnson Shayo1 Angela Msele1,2Philibert Mtenga 1,2 Kajiru Kilonzo1,31. Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi,Tanzania3. Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.

Short title of the paper …IntroductionElectrical injuries, especially those involving high-voltage exposure, can have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from minor burns to catastrophic multi-organ failure. Neurological symptoms are less common but particularly concerning due to their potential overlap with severe conditions such as stroke or spinal cord injury.Keraunoparalysis, a rare condition, presents as transient flaccid paralysis of extremities following lightning or electrical injuries. The proposed mechanism involves sympathetic nervous system overactivity, leading to vasospasm and transient ischemia. Despite its benign and self-limiting nature, keraunoparalysis can mimic life-threatening conditions, necessitating careful evaluation.This case report details a patient with left-sided hemiparesis following high-voltage electrocution, discusses diagnostic challenges, and highlights key considerations in management. Recent literature underscores the rarity of keraunoparalysis, with only a few cases reported in the past five years.(1,2,3)

Introduction.Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal parenchyma primarily due to bacterial infections9. Chronic pyelonephritis can result in an unusual form of a disease known as Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP)9. Patients with this disease usually present with a chronic urinary tract obstruction due to an underlying renal calculus and urinary tract infections9. The most frequent organisms extracted from XGP patients are Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Proteus mirabilis, with different levels of antimicrobial resistance being presented2.XGP is marked by extensive damage to renal parenchyma which is then substituted by a focal collection of Xanthomatous mass of lipid-laden macrophages also known as foam cells 1, however, the exact etiology of XGP is still unknown. The disease is very rare, its incidence in the general population is 1.4 cases per 100,000 population each year 4. The highest incidence is at 50 to 70 years of age, with a female predominance. The most common clinical manifestation of XGP includes anemia, excessive weight loss, abdominal or frank pain, palpable frank mass, and fever 3.There is usually a challenge in establishing a correct diagnosis of XGP, this is because it mimics other renal pathologies 1. XGP has acquired the nickname of the “great imitator “, due to the matching of the radiological characteristics of other pathologies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), Malakoplakia, Tuberculosis (TB), and urothelial tumors (TCC) 2.Management of XGP involves a combination of both medical and surgical approaches. A retrospective study was conducted to report the outcomes of XGP patients who underwent nephrectomy in their institution for over 12 years. Bacteriuria was found in most of the patients (91%), with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the predominant organism. 60% of positive urine samples had antibiotic resistance. All patients underwent open nephrectomy except for one. It was concluded that open nephrectomy is often required in complicated cases of XGP, and it is associated with high rates of postoperative complications, however meticulous contemplation of antibiotics and surgical interventions is important to ensure the effective outcome of the patients 2. Here we share a rare case of a female with XGP.

Short title of the paper … Paenibacillus sp. TAB 01, a laboratory contaminant of cotton tissue culture and a potential novel species within the genus Paenibacillus was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. The genome was 7.46 Mb with a G+C content of 52.14%, comprising 7,353 total genes, including 6,553 coding DNA sequences (CDS) and 159 RNA sequences, including 109 tRNA genes, 46 rRNA genes, and two CRISPR regions. In addition, the genome contains 6,553 protein sequences.

The P versus NP problem is a cornerstone of theoretical computer science, asking whether problems that are easy to check are also easy to solve. "Easy" here means solvable in polynomial time, where the computation time grows proportionally to the input size. While this problem's origins can be traced to John Nash's 1955 letter, its formalization is credited to Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Despite decades of research, a definitive answer remains elusive. Central to this question is the concept of NP-completeness. If even one NP-complete problem, like SAT, could be solved efficiently, it would imply that all NP problems could be solved efficiently, proving P=NP. This research proposes a groundbreaking claim: SAT, traditionally considered NP-complete, can be solved in polynomial time, establishing the equivalence of P and NP.

Background: HIV/AIDS remains one of the most significant global public health issues. The COVID-19 Pandemics put unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems. Thus, our objective was to assess the burden and progress in controlling HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2021 and to evaluate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzes global, regional, and national trends in HIV/AIDS, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021.In addition, the burden of disease was analyzed for different age groups, sexes, and socio-demographic indices (SDIs).We used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify time trends and calculated percent changes in deaths, incidence, incidence-mortality ratio (IMR), and incidence-prevalence ratio (IPR) to assess control progress. Findings: The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of HIV/AIDS has decreased from 36.54 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 20.77 per 100,000 population in 2021. However, the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) has increased from 149.23 per 100,000 in 1990 to 483.14 per 100,000 in 2021. Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a marked decline in prevalence, but still has the highest global prevalence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global trends in HIV/AIDS showed an accelerated decline in morbidity and mortality, with slowdowns or reversals in prevalence growth in most regions. Between 2020 and 2021, the global decline in HIV incidence accelerated from an EAPC of –2.49% to –5.25%. By 2021, HIV/AIDS incidence rates had shifted to be higher among males than females, with prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increasingly affecting males over 30. Age-specific analyses revealed that infants had the highest incidence rates in 2021, while individuals aged 30–49 bore the highest prevalence and mortality burdens. Between 2010 and 2021, HIV-related deaths decreased by 39.70%, but this does not meet the 75% reduction target set for 2020. Result: HIV/AIDS remains a global public health challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Global HIV incidence declined from 1990 to 2019, but the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2021 poses new challenges. Continued and targeted efforts are necessary to reduce the disease burden and work towards global HIV/AIDS control and prevention goals.

A document by Abdisalam Yusuf. Click on the document to view its contents.

Short title of the paper … Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19. The development of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 has been hampered by the requirement of a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory for experiments related to SARS-CoV-2, and by the lack of easy and precise methods for quantification of infection. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 viral vector composed of all four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins constitutively expressed in lentivirally transduced cells, combined with an RNA replicon deleted for SARS-CoV-2 structural protein genes S, M and E, and expressing a luciferase-GFP fusion protein. We show that, after concentrating viral stocks by ultracentrifugation, the SARS-CoV-2 viral vector is able to infect two human cell lines expressing receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Both luciferase activity and GFP fluorescence were detected, and transduction was remdesivir-sensitive. We also show that this vector is inhibited by three type I interferons (IFN-I) subtypes. Although improvements are needed to increase infectious titers, this vector system may prove useful for antiviral drug screening and SARS-CoV-2-related investigations.

Background: In humanitarian crises, reliable and accurate information about health, security and humanitarian aid can be a tool for survival. At the same time existing social structures and information systems are often disrupted, leading to uncertainty and challenges in interpreting information including information that may guide individual public health decisions, particularly as part of vaccination programmes. This study aims to systematically explore the existing literature on these dynamics. Methods: A scoping review [(1)](#ref-0001) was conducted using the key themes: misinformation, infodemic, vaccine confidence and trust with relevant synonyms and subheadings included to build the search strategy. Initial searching was conducted through Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), Web of Science and SCOPUS, and through handsearching reference lists. Articles were screened and data extracted using Covidence software [(2)](#ref-0002). A content analysis was used to elucidate common and overlapping themes [(3)](#ref-0003). Findings: In total, 41 studies from 14 specific country contexts as well as four from regional and global analyses met the inclusion criteria. The themes identified were (1) the drivers of mistrust (2) the complexity of misinformation and vaccine confidence and (3) equity and programming with communities. Conclusion: The scoping review concluded that trust is essential for vaccine confidence in crisis contexts. However, trust is a complex process shaped by various factors including historical injustices, political dynamics, power dynamics and information. The synthesized evidence demonstrates the importance of community-driven interventions, equitable vaccine distribution and culturally sensitive communications strategies. A consistent finding was that critical knowledge gaps remain about the interplay of trust, information and vaccine confidence in crisis settings to support humanitarian response.

A corner stone of Physics is the Energy Conservation principle which states that the Energy is always conserved and that the Energy, embedded in the whole Universe, cannot disappear or be created from nothing. This should imply that the Total amount of the Energy, which is embedded in the whole Universe, must be a constant value. However, Humans are not able to devise means or experiments which will provide the exact amount of the Energy embedded in the whole Universe, which implies that Humans are not able to devise means or experiments which will conclude, with complete validity, that the amount of the Energy embedded in the whole Universe, can be indeed represented by a constant value. Moreover, the fact, that the nowadays Science of Physics does agree that in addition to the Detectable Energy, the Universe embeds a very large amount of undetectable, or Dark Energy, (about 70% of the estimated Total Energy which is estimated to be embedded in the whole Universe is estimated to be Dark Energy), might further imply, that Humans cannot evaluate the actual amount of the Total Energy embedded in the Universe, which might further support the assumption, that Humans cannot prove, that all the Energy embedded in the Universe, is indeed conserved. The above implies that Humans are not able to provide a proof for the Energy Conservation Principle, which means, that the Energy Conservation Principle is presented only as an axiom, and no discussion was yet provided as to the extent of validity that Humans can attribute to the Energy Conservation Principle, even though, it is a corner stone of the nowadays Science of Physics. Thus, in view of the above, this paper tries to examine the extent of the validity that Humans can attribute, to the Energy Conservation Principle. Initially, this paper tries to explore, if the evaluation of the amount of Energy, only in certain specific Energy components, in the Universe, will result in the evaluations of the same Energy amounts, by all Human evaluators, or, if separate Human evaluators might arrive at different results, relating to the Total Energy Content, of these certain several specific Energy components, which they evaluated. Thus, in view of the above, this paper provides arguments that two separate Humans, evaluating the Total Energy Content of certain several specific Energy components, in the Universe, might arrive at different results, relating to this Total Energy Content, of these several specific Energy components, which they evaluated. The arguments mentioned above, relating to the possibility that two separate Humans, evaluating the Total Energy Content of certain several specific Energy components, in the Universe, might arrive at different results, relating to this Total Energy Content, of these several specific Energy components, which they evaluated, appear also in an additional paper, by the author of this paper, titled: "A discussion related to the Energy Relativity and its Implications" (4). However, in order to emphasize the possibility, that evaluations of Energy amounts by Humans might be also relative, to the Human which executed that evaluation of this Energy amount, the additional paper, mentioned above, did not elaborated on the limitations, that also exist, in the arguments that two separate Humans, evaluating the Total Energy Content of certain several specific Energy components, in the Universe, might arrive at different results, relating to this Total Energy Content, of these several specific Energy components, which they evaluated. Thus, this paper presents also these limitations which further emphasizes the conclusion, presented also in the additional paper, mentioned above, that, although Energy evaluations by Humans might be sometimes relative to the specific Human evaluating that Energy, The Energy Conservation Principle should be recognized as a valid principle. An important factor, in the arguments, presented in this paper, and the additional paper mentioned above, relating to the possibility that two separate Humans, evaluating the Total Energy Content of certain several specific Energy components, in the Universe, might arrive at different results, relating to this Total Energy Content, of these several specific Energy components, which they evaluated, is the following: The nowadays Science of Physics recognizes only one velocity as absolute, non-relative velocity. This velocity is the velocity of Light in vacuum, which is also recognized as the maximum velocity that Humans can attribute to a moving body. All other velocities are recognized, by the nowadays Science of Physics, as non-absolute or as relative velocities, and this implies, as this paper presents, that Humans might be in situations, in which, their evaluations of the Kinetic Energies, which should be attributed to moving bodies, might turn to be wrong evaluations. The paper then elaborates on the Implications of what was presented above, on the Energy Conservation Principle, and, as presented above, concludes, that although Energy evaluations by Humans might be sometimes relative to the specific Human evaluating that Energy, The Energy Conservation Principle should be recognized as a valid principle.

Short title of the paper … Background: Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles containing proteins, lipids, enzymes, and other substances. Recently, plant-derived exosomes have attracted attention as cosmeceutical materials due to their beneficial effects on anti-aging and regeneration properties. Upcycling involves converting waste materials, into new products. Portulaca oleracea extract offers antioxidant and anti-aging benefits. Artificial neural networks, an application of AI, are computing technologies that mimic the human brain’s structure. Method: Purslane waste extract was optimized by AI. To obtain the exosomes ultracentrifugation method was used. To conduct the morphological analysis of exosomes, SEM and TEM were performed. Size and zeta potential were measured. To measure the number of exosome particles per ml nanoparticle tracking assay (NTA) was performed. The exosomes were applied to human mesenchymal stem cells to analyze the cell proliferation activity by Cell Titer Glo. Fish embryo toxicity test was performed to assess the effects of the exosomes on zebrafish embryonic development. Results: The average size of exosomes was approximately 122 nm. It was found that the total number of exosome was 2.42x1010+/- 5.80x108 particles/ml. The zeta potential of exosomes was -15,9 mV, indicating good stability. Exosomes significantly promoted hMSC proliferation. Zebrafish embryos exposed to the dilutions of exosomes below the lethal concentration exhibited development similar to the control. Discussion and Conclusion: Purslane-derived exosomes demonstrated regenerative potential for longevity and anti-aging. These findings may lead to further approaching the use of AI modeling to obtain upcycled plant extracts for exosome derivation. This may open up new avenues to serve novel ingredients for cosmetics industry.

Aims: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was used to study vortioxetine-associated adverse events (ADEs) in a real-world setting to provide recommendations for the safety management of vortioxetine in clinical use. Methods: The FAERS database was retrospectively queried to extract reports related to vortioxetine between the third quarter of 2013 and the second quarter of 2024. To identify and evaluate potential ADEs in patients treated with vortioxetine, various frequentist analytical methods were used, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS). Results: Vortioxetine was identified as a “prime suspect” drug in 13097 reports. At the system organ class level, vortioxetine was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders (ROR = 5.36, 95% CI = 5.22–5.50) and gastrointestinal disorders (ROR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.84–1.95). In addition, 162 preferred terms that simultaneously met the criteria of all four algorithms were identified. Among them, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, pruritus, sedation, and sexual dysfunction were consistent with common ADEs described in clinical trials. The median time to onset of vortioxetine-associated ADEs was 7 days (interquartile range = 1–31 days) and most ADEs occurred within the first month of vortioxetine treatment. Conclusions: This study validated common adverse events and also identified some potential emerging safety issues related to vortioxetine use in real-world clinical practice. Keywords: Vortioxetine, major depressive disorder, pharmacovigilance, adverse events, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)