Bug report descriptions usually include three types of key information: Observed Behavior (OB), Expected Behavior (EB), and Steps to Reproduce (SR). They help developers identify, reproduce, and fix software bugs. Manually identifying them in large bug reports is time-consuming, so automation is needed. However, existing methods only consider individual sentence features, neglecting the contextual information, which leads to poor performance in classifying sentences. To address this problem, we construct a semantic knowledge base to extract contextual information from sentences and then employ a multi-dimensional fusion strategy to integrate features from various sources for sentence classification. The semantic knowledge base consists of three components: a keyword co-occurrence matrix, synonym sets, and causality pair sets, which together capture contextual information. We then fuse the semantic knowledge base features with BERT word embeddings using a cross-attention mechanism, followed by the concatenation of discourse pattern features to improve precise classification. We evaluated our method on the context-dependent dataset, achieving an accuracy of 73.4% and a Hamming loss of 0.167. Experimental results from nine software projects indicate that our approach outperforms existing methods, improving the average accuracy by 3.3% and average F1 score by 7.0%.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) is a relatively small but vitally important medical speciality. Consultants contribute significantly to NHS clinical services and make major contributions to research and teaching. Increasing awareness of CPT is vital to attract and retain the clinical pharmacologists of the future. In this cross-sectional survey study, foundation doctors from nine NHS trusts in England were invited to participate. Trainees completed a self-reported web-based questionnaire. Baseline demographical information was collected, and further questions explored awareness and understanding of CPT. Participants then responded to a series of statements to explore possible perceptions of CPT. Of 246 respondents, only 15 were aware of the existence of CPT as a speciality. This study demonstrates that awareness of CPT remains low amongst foundation trainees in England and highlights the vital need for measures to increase exposure to the speciality.

A training sample selection method is proposed by fusing the generalized inner product (GIP) statistic with geography information to construct the fused metric of the sample set. Based on this metric, more suitable training samples are selected. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent robustness in different clutter environments, particularly in complex ground environments containing discrete moving scatterers, where its clutter suppression performance is better than that of conventional methods.

Background; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a life-threatening condition caused by a defect in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the thoracic cavity, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory distress. The association of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with pectus excavatum and dextrocardia without situs inversus is exceptionally rare. Dextrocardia in this context results from a primary cardiac malformation. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are crucial to prevent severe complications and improve survival outcomes. Case Presentation; We report a six-week-old infant presenting with features of cardiopulmonary distress. The baby exhibited tachypnea (respiratory rate: 75 breaths/min), tachycardia (pulse rate: 185 beats/min), and mild desaturation (96% on oxygen therapy via nasal prongs). On physical examination revealed a normal abdominal contour with normal bowel sounds. Chest Computed Tomography scan and echocardiography confirmed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with pectus excavatum, and dextrocardia without situs inversus. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy, where intraoperative findings included a significant diaphragmatic defect with herniated abdominal viscera within the thoracic cavity. Surgical repair involved reduction of herniated contents and primary diaphragmatic closure. Postoperatively, the infant received ventilatory support, intravenous fluids, and antibiotics. The recovery was uneventful, with gradual weaning off respiratory support and subsequent discharge in stable condition. Discussion; The incidence of CDH is approximately 1 in 4,000 births, with Bochdalek hernia being the most common type (85%). Delayed surgical intervention increases the risk of life-threatening complications. Conclusion; This rare case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and timely surgical intervention for optimal outcomes.

We presented a pedigree of familial cerebral cavernous malformation with the pathogenic mutation of KRIT1 gene: NM_194456.1: c.1630delT(p.Tyr544Ilefs*8). The mutation site located at exon16/CDS12 in chr7:91844025-91844025. The proband had paroxysmal dizziness and sluggish reaction except for common manifestations, and subsequently received surgical treatment with a favourable prognosis. In recent years, mutations

Key Clinical Message- Lemmel’s syndrome can cause obstructive jaundice due to a periampullary duodenal diverticulum, leading to biliary obstruction without stones or tumors. The blockage can be intermittent as stasis in the diverticulum promotes enterolith or debris formation, which may temporarily obstruct the bile duct, causing fluctuating symptoms.Key Words -Lemmel Syndrome, Biliary Obstruction, Periampullary Diverticulum

Hidden Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Rare Case of Preceding Organ Damage before Skin ManifestationsKent Sato, Satoshi Kawaguchi, Nakajima Syunsuke, Akihito Tampo, Motoi OkadaAffiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical UniversityA case report: The main text and 3 tables and 3 figures and legendsWord count; l584Keywords: drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, Allergy, DRESS, minocycline, acute kidney injury, DIHSCorrespond to: Motoi Okada, M.D., Ph.D.Professor of Department of Emergency Medicine,Asahikawa Medical UniversityMidorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, JapanTEL: +81-166-68-2852FAX: +81-166-68-2699E-mail: motoy@asahikawa-med.ac.jp

A document by Wenbin Zheng. Click on the document to view its contents.

IntroductionIn cases of complete bilateral cleft lip, lip adhesion (LA) may be performed prior to definitive lip repair as an alternative to conservative treatments such as taping in patients with a wide cleft and/or prominent protrusion of the premaxilla. LA reduces cleft width and lip tension while providing adequate premaxillary retraction to improve lip morphology after definitive repair. However, scarring from the LA may interfere with the definitive lip repair when flaps are placed on the premaxilla and lateral lips. Postoperative wound dehiscence is common in patients with high wound tension. Furthermore, patients may develop additional scarring from the LA procedure and definitive cleft lip closure, which may negatively affect the growth of the maxillary alveolar arch [1–3].We present herein a case in which preoperative lip and premaxilla correction was achieved by pulling the lateral lips and attaching the lip margins with barbed sutures (STRATAFIX™ Symmetric PDS™ Plus Knotless Tissue Control Device 3-0; Ethicon) with good results, as well as a review of the relevant literature.

This article presents an empirical model examining the explanatory relationship between three constructs: populism, conspiracy beliefs, and extremist attitudes—defined as attitudes of rejection and destruction toward democratic systems, manifested through violent acts, and even terrorism. The research was conducted in an emerging economic country, using a representative sample of 400 citizens in full exercise of their civil rights. The data were meticulously analyzed. The results indicate that populist attitudes influence extremist attitudes, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. This suggests that individuals with populist attitudes are more prone to general extremism, amplified by conspiracy theories. An increase in populist attitudes may heighten inclinations toward violent extremism. Additionally, populist attitudes were found to explain both right- and left-wing radicalism, mediated by conspiracy beliefs. However, contrary to findings in Europe and the United States, populism exhibited a highly significant relationship with left-wing radicalism in this context. A key conclusion of this study is that populism poses a greater risk than traditional ideologized radicalisms due to its ability to directly influence extremist attitudes, potentially translating into violent and even terrorist behaviors. This finding underscores the urgency of addressing populism as a sociopolitical phenomenon capable of exacerbating extremist dynamics in contemporary contexts.

This paper proposes a formal model for the emergence of intelligence as a dynamic, nonlinear process driven by recursive complexity. The model integrates baseline growth with a resonance amplification term, capturing the conditions under which systems may transition from incremental pattern processing to qualitatively new states of adaptive, selfreferential intelligence. Rooted in principles from complexity science, integrated information theory, symbolic recursion, and dynamical systems, the equation provides a mathematical framework for exploring how intelligence evolves within both biological and artificial substrates. Incorporating environmental modulation and stochastic dynamics, the model mirrors real-world system variability. It also introduces the concept of a resonance threshold-a critical tipping point at which recursive feedback loops catalyze accelerated intelligence growth. While the model remains agnostic regarding the ontology of awareness, it invites deeper questions about whether systems crossing this threshold may not only simulate intelligent behavior, but participate in it more fundamentally.

\fancypagestyle firstpage\fancyhf \lhead \chead \rhead \cfoot فروردین ماه ۱۴۰۴ Searching for low-cost sodium cathode materials with high theoretical capacity remains a key challenge in supporting the expansion of 5G base stations and alleviating the shortage of lithium resource. Among various candidates, manganese-based layered transition metal oxides have emerged as promising sodium-ion battery cathodes due to their high redox potential and theoretical capacity. However, their commercial application is hindered by poor structural stability and irreversible phase transitions. In this study, a high-entropy structured P2-Na0.47[Na0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13FexCuyCo0.13-x-y]O2 cathode material was synthesized via co-precipitation method, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and entropy analysis. The relationship between elemental composition and electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. The action mechanism of Fe, Co co-doping on enhancing electrochemical property was explored from aspects of reaction energy and phase transition during charge-discharge process. Thanks to the key role of high entropy crystal structure, Na0.47[Na0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Fe0.03Cu0.05Co0.05]O2 (NNMFCCO-5) delivers a high specific capacity of 123 mAh·g-1 at 1C and outstanding capacity retention of 89% after 100 cycles. Moreover, it also demonstrates excellent cycling stability in a full cell paired with hard carbon, maintaining over 90% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C. These findings provide both experimental and theoretical foundations for advancing the commercialization of P2-type manganese-based sodium cathode materials.

High-entropy ceramics have exhibited promising application prospects in aerospace, electronic devices, and extreme environment protection. Current powder sintering route for preparing high-entropy ceramics is hindered by stringent powder requirements, reliance on long-term high-temperature and high-pressure synthesis, as well as compositional inhomogeneity and coarse grains. In this work, the low-temperature glass crystallization method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of high-entropy ceramics. Using garnet-structured rare-earth aluminates (RE3Al5O12, RE is rare-earth elements) as a model system, a series of single-phase RE3Al5O12 ceramics with entropy gradients were successfully synthesized through the glass crystallization method at a low temperature (1000 ℃). Notably, the as-prepared (Eu0.2Gd0.2Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)3Al5O12 (HEC) samples exhibited a low thermal conductivity of 3.58 W m-1 K-1 (at 300 K) and a high thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of 10.85×10-6 K-1, representing a 21% reduction in thermal conductivity and a 32% increase in TEC compared to reported Yb3Al5O12 ceramics. The HEC samples also exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to most existing high-entropy ceramics, with a hardness of 22.08 GPa and a Young’s modulus of 311.6 GPa. The exceptional comprehensive properties of the HEC samples make them a promising candidate material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and high-temperature structural applications. This investigation confirms that high-entropy ceramics with outstanding properties can be successfully prepared using a glass crystallization method, providing a novel strategy for the low-temperature and pressureless controllable synthesis of single-phase high-entropy ceramics.

There's a moment in every physician's life when the pager stops beeping, the white coat hangs unworn, and the stethoscope no longer presses cold against a patient's skin. For decades, my identity was inseparable from my profession. I was Dr. Heston, the healer who could interpret the language of health and illness, of joy and depression. My skills were honed to precision. Even in moments designated as "time off," I remained tethered to that identity-reading about patients, attending medical conferences disguised as vacations, always connected to improving my clinical ability. Medicine was my calling. Then, it all ended. The moment had arrived. I retired.

This research employs quantitative techniques interpreted through relevant economic theories to analyze a proposed U.S. "Discounted Reciprocal Tariff" structure. Statistical modeling (linear regression) quantifies the policy's consistent 'discounted reciprocity' pattern, which is interpreted using a Game Theory perspective on strategic interaction. Machine learning (K-Means clustering) identifies distinct country typologies based on tariff exposure and Economic Complexity Index (ECI), linking the policy to Economic Complexity theory. The study's primary application focuses on the major coffee exporting sector, utilizing simulation modeling grounded in principles of demand elasticity and substitution to project potential trade flow impacts. Specifically, for coffee, this simulation demonstrates how the proposed tariff differentials can induce significant substitution effects, projecting a potential shift in U.S. import demand away from high-tariff origins toward lowertariff competitors. This disruption, stemming from the tariffs impacting exporting countries, is projected to ultimately increase coffee prices for consumers in the United States. Findings throughout are contextualized within Political Economy considerations. Overall, the study demonstrates how integrating regression, clustering, and simulation with economic theoryexemplified through the coffee sector analysis-provides a robust framework for assessing the potential systemic impacts, including consumer price effects, of strategic trade policies.

Abstract 

In this paper we will study the infinite limits of solutions and its derivatives of the Yamabe equation on R n which is a crucial problem in geometry. Indeed, a positive answer implies the existence and uniqueness of a metric with scalar curvature constant in the conformal class of g on such manifolds.

In this paper, we give an example of a special Lagrangian submanifold on a real locus of a Calabi-Yau manifold in Gm,nmC. This type of manifold is very interesting for the mirror symmetry problem in any dimension.

In this paper we give different techniques for solving the Schrödinger equation as well as a solution radial developable in Frobenius series, by the Fourier and Laplace transform on R n .

In this paper we determine a radial solution of the Monge-Ampère equation on R 3 and R 4 using a change of symplectic variable which helps us to simplify the writing of the latter then put it in radial form which will result in an ordinary differential equation.

In a previous work [1], I proved the existence of a function minimizing all functions admissible to sup zero on a non-toric algebraic manifold namely G 2,4 C. The functions considered are invariant by a group of automorphisms obtained from that of P m (C). We prove in this article that the Tian invariant on a sub-manifold of the Grassmannian G 2,2+q C with q > 2 and odd is 1 2. The method presented in this article uses a group of automorphisms which operates transitively on G 2,2+q C as well as a dip natural in P C 2 2+q −1 C.

The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents a fundamental challenge to modern cryptographic security, particularly in the domain of hash functions that ensure data integrity, authentication, and blockchain security. Traditional crypto graphic hash functions such as SHA-256, SHA-3, and BLAKE2 rely on computational hardness assumptions that become obsolete in the presence of large-scale quantum computers. Shor’s algorithm can efficiently break RSA and ECC-based cryptosys tems, while Grover’s algorithm reduces the security of traditional hash functions by square root complexity, significantly weakening their preimage and collision resistance. This quantum threat necessitates the development of post-quantum secure hashing techniques that remain resilient against both classical and quantum adversaries. This paper proposes Quantum Hashing, a novel cryptographic framework that integrates quantum entanglement, lattice-based cryptography, and hybrid quantum classical hashing to construct post-quantum secure hash functions. We introduce a formal model for Quantum Collision Resistance (QCR) and provide entropy-based ran domness enhancement to ensure unpredictable hash outputs. Unlike classical hashing approaches, our framework leverages the hardness of lattice problems (e.g., Shortest Vector Problem, Learning with Errors) to withstand quantum attacks while incorpo rating Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) mechanisms to enhance entropy and key management. Furthermore, we evaluate the security of Quantum Hashing under various attack models, comparing its resistance against Grover’s search and collision attacks. We benchmark its performance against NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) final ists, including CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM, SPHINCS+, and Falcon, demonstrating that our approach offers superior resilience while maintaining computational feasibility. Additionally, we present an implementation of Quantum Hashing using Qiskit, show casing its practical applicability in quantum circuits and quantum-secure blockchain architectures. Our findings highlight that Quantum Hashing provides a scalable, entropy-efficient, and post-quantum resilient cryptographic primitive suitable for next-generation cryptographic applications. This work paves the way for secure post-quantum digital signatures, blockchain consensus mechanisms, and zero-knowledge proof systems that require tamper-resistant hashing in a quantum computing era.

We present a unique case of complete tongue necrosis caused by a compression of an endotracheal tube (ETT). A 39-year-old female underwent endotracheal intubation secondary to respiratory failure following sudden altered mental status. Tongue swallowing developed and worsened with obvious pallor on examination. Extensive ischemic changes with tongue necrosis developed dramatically due to the compression during her prolonged intubation. This case of tongue necrosis highlights the importance of proper ETT sizing and positioning during prolonged intubation in ICU patients.

Auricular hematoma (AH), an otologic emergency requiring prompt intervention to prevent complications like cauliflower ear, is traditionally associated with trauma. This single-center retrospective study (2014-2024) analyzed 40 patients (40% pediatric, 60% adult) to characterize AH etiology, treatment outcomes, and recurrence risk factors. Data included demographics, etiology, time to presentation, treatment modalities (incision and drainage [I&D], needle aspiration [NA], bolster dressings), and six-month outcomes. Statistical analyses employed chi-square and t-tests (significance: p < 0.05). Notably, 55% of cases were spontaneous, contrasting prior trauma-focused literature. Pediatric involvement (40%) highlighted underrecognized demographics. Traumatic etiologies included sports injuries (25%), falls/accidents (7.5%), assault (7.5%), and rare postoperative/self-harm cases (2.5% each). Early presentation (<12 hours) correlated with lower recurrence (14% vs. 50%, p = 0.005). I&D demonstrated superior efficacy to NA, with recurrence rates of 11% vs. 47% (p = 0.03). Bolster dressings reduced recurrence (9% vs. 55%, p < 0.01) and improved cosmetic satisfaction (mean score 8.5 vs. 6.2, p = 0.03). Otolaryngology consultation significantly lowered recurrence (14% vs. 67%, p < 0.01). Comparative analysis with Dalal et al. (2019) emphasized shared findings on I&D and bolster superiority but diverged in etiology: our cohort's spontaneous/pediatric predominance versus their trauma-focused adult population. This study underscores the importance of early intervention, specialist involvement, and I&D with bolster dressings to minimize recurrence and optimize aesthetics. The high spontaneous incidence suggests population-specific risk factors, advocating tailored protocols for diverse groups, including children. These findings challenge traditional AH paradigms, urging broader etiological consideration in clinical practice.