intrauterine rarely fail which results in pregnancy. Meanwhile, these devices can perforate uterine and migrate through abdomen. Our case experienced IUD failure and perforation simultaneously and the device was embedded in omentum and shifted rapidly which made it hard to localize and could only be removed using ultrasonography guidance

Fetal bone retention is a rare but under-diagnosed complication after abortion. If left untreated, it can cause menstrual dysfunction and secondary infertility. We present a case of a 39 year old woman who undergone abortion 20 years ago but suffered with secondary infertility due to retained fetal bone.

The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) has a large distribution spanning much of the eastern United States. Because temperature, habitat type, prey composition and abundance, and a variety of other factors may dictate reptile behavior, populations of conspecific species may exhibit behavioral differences across latitudinal and elevational gradients. Using radio telemetry, we tracked 10 adult Timber Rattlesnakes (7 males, 3 females) from May 2016 to June 2017 in southeastern Louisiana to examine the spatial ecology of male and non-gravid female snakes. Mean annual and seasonal home ranges of non-gravid female Timber Rattlesnakes were not statistically different from that of males. Mean seasonal home range sizes and average distances travelled of both sexes was smallest in winter, and had a general increasing trend beginning in spring with a peak in fall. These increases seemed to coincide with the breeding season, taking place from early July until the end of November. Comparison of this study with other studies throughout its distribution could have implications towards future management of conservation for other southern populations of Timber Rattlesnakes.

Quantifying habitat quality is dependent on measuring a site’s relative contribution to population growth rate. This is challenging for studies of waterbirds, whose high mobility can decouple demographic rates from local habitat conditions and make sustained monitoring of individuals near-impossible. To overcome these challenges, biologists have used many direct and indirect proxies of waterbird habitat quality. However, consensus on what methods are most appropriate for a given scenario is lacking. We undertook a structured literature review of the methods used to quantify waterbird habitat quality, and provide a synthesis of the context-dependent strengths and limitations of those methods. Our structured search of the Web of Science database returned a sample of 398 studies, upon which our review was based. The reviewed studies assessed habitat quality by either measuring habitat attributes (e.g., food abundance, water quality, vegetation structure), or measuring attributes of the waterbirds themselves (e.g., demographic parameters, body condition, behaviour, distribution). Measuring habitat attributes, although they are only indirectly related to demographic rates, has the advantage of being unaffected by waterbird behavioural stochasticity. Conversely, waterbird-derived measures (e.g., body condition, peck rates) may be more directly related to demographic rates than habitat variables, but may be subject to greater stochastic variation (e.g., behavioural change due to presence of conspecifics). Therefore, caution is needed to ensure that the measured variable does influence waterbird demographic rates. This assumption was usually based on ecological theory rather than empirical evidence. Our review highlighted that there is no single best, universally applicable method to quantify waterbird habitat quality. Individual project specifics (e.g., time frame, spatial scale, funding) will influence the choice of variables measured. Where possible, practitioners should measure variables most directly related to demographic rates. Generally, measuring multiple variables yields a better chance of accurately capturing the relationship between habitat characteristics and demographic rates.

Most mutations in SARS-COV-2 are not random but caused by the host intracellular antiviral mechanisms ("host editing"). Because of the host editing, almost half of the nucleotide mutations are C > U transitions. This study observes that none of the 12 most dangerous mutations in the SARS-COV-2 spike of the major pre-Omicron variants included a C > U transition. This observation and the existing body of knowledge support the proposition: coronavirus RNA mutations, caused by the host editing, tend to be less dangerous than mutations from other causes. The main practical conclusion is that mutations introduced externally (such as by Molnupiravir) are more likely to cause dangerous variants. When evaluating mutagen's potential co create dangerous variants of coronavirus, the frequency of mutations caused by it should be compared to frequency of mutations NOT caused by host-editing. Fig. 1. The most dangerous mutations in spike, RBD. T19R is not shown.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are known for their low toxicity, strong fluorescence, high surface area, large solubility and tunable band gaps. However, the change in their properties depends on the preparation processes of GQDs. Thus, certain types of preparation lead to certain defects, such as surface defect, edge defects, Stone-Wales defect. These structural defects are responsible for hindering GQDs to possess their regular shape that affects the morphological properties of GQDs. Thus, the optical and electrical properties get affected. The GQDs, which are synthesized via acidic methods are generally more vulnerable to defects compared to those synthesized using eco-friendly methods. Thereby, the aim of this review is to discuss the causes of structural defects. Moreover, it focuses on how they affect the properties of GQDs and to what extent they affect them. The processes of regulating defects have been elucidated so that more efficient applications can be designed using GQDs with controlled amounts of defects.

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias are a group of heterogeneous early-onset progressive disorders that some of them are treatable. We performed 4-year-follow up for 25 patients that considered as treatable ataxia in the literature. According to our study, patients would benefit from early detection of treatable ataxia, close observation, and follow-up.

Rationale, aim and objectives: Medication error is common and the most common form of administration error is omission. Implementation of Electronic Medication Management systems (eMMS) has been hypothesized to decrease the rate of omitted doses due to the creation of a number of forcing functions and decision support tools however there is limited evidence currently available in the literature to support this assumption. This study therefore aims to ascertain if implementation of eMMS at 2 acute metropolitan hospitals reduces the rate of omitted doses Method: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken pre and post implementation of eMMS. Patients meeting eligibility criteria had all medication charts from their admission reviewed and an omitted dose rate calculated. For each omitted dose identified; medication name, imprest availability, dispensing history, administration time and frequency were recorded. Results: 386 patients met eligibility criteria for this study (11,796 opportunities for omission). The implementation of eMMS was associated with a significant reduction in omitted doses (3.6% vs 1.8% p<0.01). Benefit was not consistent among subgroups. eMMS implementation at the hospital with the higher baseline omitted dose rate was associated with a significant reduction in omitted doses (5.8% vs 0.9% p<0.01) but not at the hospital with a lower baseline rate (2.7% vs 2.4% p=0.3). The most common times for an omitted dose to occur were 0800 (33%) and 2000 (18%). The most common frequencies for an omitted dose were daily (35%) and twice daily (32%). Conclusion: The introduction of eMMS was associated with a decrease rate of omitted doses. Greatest benefit is likely to occur in areas with a high baseline rate of omission.

Toxoplasma infection in intermediate host species closely associates with inflammation. This association has led to suggestions that the behavioural changes associated with infection may be indirectly driven by the resulting sustained inflammation rather than a direct behavioural manipulation by the parasite. If this is correct, sustained inflammation in chronically infected rodents should present as widespread changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota due to the dependency between the composition of these microbiota and sustained inflammation. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment in rats that were assigned to a Toxoplasma-treatment, placebo-treatment or negative control group. We sacrificed rats during the chronic phase of infection, collected their cecal stool samples and sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterise the bacterial community in these samples. Toxoplasma infection did not induce widespread changes in the bacterial community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Rather, we found sex differences in the bacterial community composition and only minor changes in Toxoplasma infected rats. We conclude that it is unlikely that sustained inflammation is the mechanism driving the highly specific behavioural changes observed in Toxoplasma-positive rats.

The objective of the paper is the compilation, review and dissemination of updated scientific knowledge on lime theory and technology in the field of heritage conservation.The strong evidence of the last decade's research on the positive effect of the-not demonstrable by a chemical equation-'key' missing link of the maturation process is highlighted. It is demonstrated that the exceptional performance characteristics of durable lime based mortars predominately rely on the capacity for rapid, efficient and extensive carbona-tion of the air-hardening phase of limes, in particular when matured (nanoparticle wet slaked) lime putties are used; and on the chemical and mechanical stability of the strength components (principally CSHs) of the hydraulic phase of limes, which is higher in their more crystalline forms of historical lime-pozzolan mixtures than in their amorphous forms of modern cements. Hence, physicochemical adhesion and cohesion bonds both at the lime matrix and at the binder/aggregate interfaces are ensured imparting minimization of cracks and durability to lime based mortars and historic masonries.The comprehensive documentation of the former leads to optimal materials and procedures to preserve our cultural heritage. Resumo O objectivo do presente artigo é a compilação, revisão e disseminação do actual conhecimento científico sobre teoria e tecnologia da cal no campo da conservação do património. Com base na investigação da última década, são destacados os fortes indícios do efeito positivo-não demonstrável por equação química-do elo perdido 'chave', o processo de maturação. É demonstrado que as excepcionais características de desempenho das argamassas à base de cal mais duráveis dependem predominantemente das suas capacidades para uma rápida, eficiente e extensa carbonatação da fase de presa aérea da cal, em particular quando é usada cal em pasta com maior tempo de maturação (extinção húmida ao nível das nanopartículas); e da estabilidade química e mecânica dos com-ponentes de resistência (principalmente silicatos de cálcio hidratados (CSHs)) da fase hidráulica da cal, que é mais elevada nas for-mas mais cristalinas das misturas históricas de cal e pozolana do que nas formas amorfas dos cimentos modernos. Deste modo são asseguradas as ligações fisico-químicas por adesão e por coesão, quer na matriz de cal, quer nas interfaces ligante/agregado, conferindo minimização de fissuras e durabilidade a argamassas à base de cal e alvenarias históricas. Uma abrangente documentação destes proces-sos permitirá a obtenção de materiais e procedimentos progressivamente mais adequados à preservação do nosso património cultural. Palavras-chave Maturação; Cal em pasta; Argamassa de cal; Componentes de resistência; Estabilidade estrutural.

Performance Measurement (PM) is a thoughtful demand of every sector for a sustainable growth. There are intangible factors known as economic growth drivers, where Research and Development (R&D), is a vital indicator. As per Global Innovation Index–2020, India ranks 48th among the 131 economies for its education, software exports, R&D and market value. Every year, a massive amount is invested in research labs but the output generated is much lower as compared to world average. Measurement of Scientific Productivity (SP) is a genesis of this though. Earlier, Publications and Patents were considered as means to identify growth but there exists a need holistic measurement of innovative potential. In this study, Technical Efficiency (TEs) of Indian Scientific Laboratories (CSIR) was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with few more parameters – Scientific Performance Indicators (SPIs). This study concluded with demarcation of efficient and lesser efficient laboratories during a specific period. This study would contribute towards an introspection by policy makers and government to re-evaluate the organizational outputs as per their mandates. Such studies are envisaged to assess the strength and weakness and furthermore, plan to contribute efficiently to increase in productivity of organization and national economy as well.

Evaluating the food and feeding habits of fish is fundamental in fisheries and conservation biology research. In this study, the diet of exotic Oreochromis niloticus was compared with the 2 most abundant and aquaculture preferred native cichlids of native species (Orochromis macrochir and Coptodon rendalli) in the upper Kabompo River, Zambia. We hypothesized that exotic and native cichlids would show no dietary niche overlap. We analyzed the stomach contents of 114 specimens of the fishes sampled. Fishes were grouped into 3 major feeding groups: microphages, macrophages and carnivores, and omnivores. They were also grouped into size classes of <50, 51−100, 101−150, and 151−302 mm total length (TL). O. niloticus had a larger dietary niche than two native species (71% and 22%, respectively). The dietary niche overlap between O. niloticus and native C. rendalli species in size classes <50 was significant (F (2, 45) = 0.084, p < 0.05). Dietary niche overlap between the native O. macrochir species in size class <50 mm was low (F (2, 33) = 2.13, p > 0.05), while as in size classes 51−100 mm and 101−150 mm was high (F (2, 35) = 0.27, p < 0.05) for C. rendalli. There was no clear evidence of ontogenetic diet shift of native cichlids, with the exception of O. macrochir, which showed ontogenetic diet shifts within the 51−100 mm size class. The dietary overlap results indicate interspecific competition between exotic O. niloticus and native O. macrochir, which may have major impacts on food web structure in the upper Kabompo River and may explain population decreases of some native species.

The introduction of a bridge element to covalently ring-lock the neighboring aryl or heteroaryl groups connected by a single bond has led to a variety of fascinating multifused ladder-type structures. Here, we have designed a new series of 2H-pyran containing tetracyclic dithienocyclopentapyran compounds (MMA1 to MMA3). Long conjugation at end-capped of designed systems enhances the power conversion efficiencies of non-fullerene-containing organic solar cells. Different geometric parameters of designed systems have been examined through density functional theory and time-dependent density function theory. Designed molecules expressed high absorption maxima values with a reduced energy bandgap. Open circuit voltage along with transition density matrix analysis recommended that charge transfer occurs from lower energy orbitals to higher energy orbitals. Reorganization energy analysis also suggested high charge mobility occurs from donor polymer to acceptor molecules. Results of all parameters advocated that designed molecules are potential candidates for high-performance organic solar cells.

We present two cases of nine and twenty-seven years old girls with recurrence of immature teratoma after an incomplete surgical staging. In both cases, there were huge abdominopelvic masses despite decrease in tumor markers with chemotherapy. Complete surgical resection of these masses was done, and histopathology showed only mature teratoma.

The primary sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water are carbonate materials and CO2 produced during the biological processing of organic matter. The application of carbon isotope techniques to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can accurately elucidate carbon fluxes and other carbon cycle processes in these systems. Lake ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are fragile and sensitive to changes in climate and environment. This study explored the relationship between the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of the DIC (δ13CDIC) in the Genggahai Lake, the lake environment, and the climate of the watershed based on the observed physicochemical parameters of water in areas with different types of submerged macrophyte communities, combined with changes in the temperature and precipitation during the same period. Overall, the δ13CDIC of the Genggahai Basin exhibited a large range of values, with an average δ13CDIC for inflowing spring water (δ13CDIC-I) of –11.1 ‰, which was the most negative, followed by an average δ13CDIC value of –10.8 ‰ for that from the Shazhuyu River (δ13CDIC-R) and an averageδ13CDIC value of –6.91 ‰ for lake water (δ13CDIC-L). Variations in the photosynthetic activity intensity of different aquatic plants yield significantly changing δ13CDIC-L values in areas with varied aquatic plant communities. Hydrochemical observations revealed that δ13CDIC-I and aquatic plant photosynthesis primarily affected the differences in the δ13CDIC-L values of the Genggahai Lake, thereby identifying them as the key components of the lake carbon cycle.

In semiarid to arid regions of the western U. S., the availability and variability of river flow are highly subject to shifts in snow accumulation and ablation in alpine watersheds. This study aims to examine how shifts in snowmelt rate (SMR) and snow continuity, an indicator of the consistent existence of snow on the ground, affect snow-driven streamflow dynamics in three alpine watersheds in the U.S. Great Basin. To achieve this end, the coupled hydro-ecological simulation system (CHESS) is used to simulate river flow dynamics and multiple snow metrics are calculated to quantify the variation of snowmelt rate and snow continuity, the latter of which is measured, respectively, by snow persistence (SP), snow residence time (SRT) and snow season length (SSL). Then, a new approach is proposed to partition streamflow into snow-driven and rain-driven streamflow. The statistical analyses indicate that the three alpine watersheds experienced a downward trend in SP, SRT, SSL and SMR during the study period of 1990-2016 due to regional warming. As a result, the decrease in SMR and the decline in snow continuity shifted the day of 25% and 50% of the snow-driven cumulative discharge as well as peak discharge toward an earlier occurrence. Besides, the magnitudes of snow-driven annual streamflow, summer baseflow and peak discharge also decreased due to the declined snow continuity and the reduced snowmelt rate. Overall, by using multiple snow and flow metrics as well as by partitioning streamflow into snow-driven and rain-driven flow via the newly proposed approach, we found that snowmelt rate and snow continuity determine the streamflow hydrographs and magnitudes in the three alpine watersheds. This has important implications for water resource management in the snow-dominated region facing future climate warming given that warming can significantly affect snow dynamics in alpine watersheds in semiarid to arid regions.

Lateral saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks,l, is the soil property governing subsurface water transfer in hillslopes, and the key parameter in many numerical models simulating hydrological processes both at the hillslope and catchment scales. Likewise, the hydrological connectivity of lateral flow paths plays a significant role in determining the intensity of the subsurface flow at various spatial scales. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between Ks,l and hydraulic connectivity at the hillslope spatial scale. Ks,l was determined by the subsurface flow rates intercepted by drains, and by water table depths observed in a well network. Hydraulic connectivity of the lateral flow paths was evaluated by the synchronicity among piezometric peaks, and between the latter and the peaks of drained flow. Soil moisture and precipitation data were used to investigate the influence of the transient hydrological soil condition on connectivity and Ks,l. It was found that the higher was the synchronicity of the water table response between wells, the lower was the time lag between the peaks of water levels and those of the drained subsurface flow. Moreover, the most synchronic water table rises determined the highest drainage rates. The relationships between Ks,l and water table depths were highly non-linear, with a sharp increase of the values for water table levels close to the soil surface. Estimated Ks,l values for the full saturated soil were in the order of thousands of mm h-1, suggesting the activation of macropores in the root zone. The Ks,l values determined at the peak of the drainage events were correlated with the indicators of synchronicity. The sum of the antecedent soil moisture and of the precipitation was correlated with the indicators of connectivity and with Ks,l. We suggest that, for simulating realistic processes at the hillslope scale, the hydraulic connectivity could be implicitly considered in hydrological modelling through an evaluation of Ks,l at the same spatial scale.

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the duodenum.

Against the backdrop of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India that started in March 2021, we have monitored the spike (S) protein mutations in all the reported (GISAID portal) whole genome sequences of SARS CoV-2 circulating in India from 1 st January 2021 to 31 st August 2021. In the 43,102 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences analysed, we have identified 24, 260 mutations in the S protein, based on which 265 pango lineages could be categorised. The dominant lineage in most of the 28 states of India and its 8 union territories was B.1.617.2 (the delta variant). However, the states Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Punjab had B.1.1.7 (alpha variant) as the major lineage, while the Himachal Pradesh state reported B.1.36 as the dominating lineage. A detailed analysis of various domains of S protein was carried out for detecting mutations having a prevalence of >1%; 70, 18, 7, 3, 9, 4, and 1 (N=112) such mutations were observed in the N -terminal domain, receptor binding domain, C -terminal domain, fusion peptide region, heptapeptide repeat (HR)-1 domains, signal peptide domain, and transmembrane region, respectively. However, no mutations were recorded in the HR-2, and cytoplasmic domains of the S protein. Interestingly, 13.39% (N=15) of these mutations were reported to increase the infectivity and pathogenicity of the virus; 2%(N=3) were known to be vaccine breakthrough mutations; and 0.89%(N=1) were known to escape neutralising antibodies. Biological significance of 82% (N=92) of the reported mutations is yet unknown. As SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging rapidly, it is critical to continuously monitor local viral mutations to understand national trends of virus circulation. This can tremendously help in designing better preventive regimens in the country, and avoid vaccine breakthrough infections.

To exploit the full material potential of short fibre reinforced PA6T/6I, specific component calculations including aniso- tropic material behaviour is necessary. For this, different failure criteria and fatigue models are used to describe the behaviour during a component service life. This paper deals with the determination and consideration of fibre orientations for failure criteria and fatigue calculations. Therefore, a novel method to determine fibre orientation (FO) distributions across injection moulded plates, is proposed. The developed method allows a forecast of FOs for different specimen extraction positions and angles on injection moulded plates by using only a few measured reference points. As a result, fatigue models can be calibrated with the strength values and the corresponding FO, calculated for fracture position. The performed tests show a non-negligible influence of failure positions, due to fibre orientation distributions along the specimens. So, the FO determination method delivers an improvement in strength values estimation.

Le Nguyen1, Nguyen Thanh-Nho1,*,  Le Trung-Hieu2, Nguyen Viet-Cuong1  1 Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam2Ewater Engineering Co.Ltd, Vietnam.*Corresponding author: ntnho@ntt.edu.vn  Extended Abstract The plantation area and output of cut flowers are increasing worldwide. Post-harvest preservation is an important step of production to reduce losses and improve product quality, values, and competitiveness. Many preservation methods are applied to reduce the impact of adverse factors on the quality and shelf life of cut flowers after harvest. The main techniques include refrigeration, atmospheric, low pressure, and chemical conditions. Vietnam has three primary cut flower growing regions: the Red River Delta, Da Lat city (Lam Dong province, central highland), and the Mekong Delta. The flower is mainly cultivated in conditions without coverage. Only a tiny area of the experimental garden is covered using nylon, net, cork, bamboo, etc., to preserve flowers. The post-harvest preservation is almost based on spontaneous experiences, leading to a quantity loss that causes the increased cost of cut flowers in markets far from flower farms. The proliferation of bacteria in vase water in and on cut flowers is the main cause of the shortened lifespan of some cut flowers and foliage. Consequently, the vase life of cut flowers is decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to have suitable preservation for extending the freshness of cut flowers after harvesting and vases life to increase their values. In the present study, we used copper solutions to the cut rose vase to study its antiaging and antibacterial efficiency. Our hypothesis, metal ions dissolved in water at low concentrations can play as bactericides, fungicides, and wood preservatives [1-3]. Copper ions can create the necessary energy source for the operation of cells, from which the metabolism takes place quickly, helping to eliminate toxins and replace the new layer of healthier and more quality cells. The morphological changes of flowers over the four stages (Table 1): (a) flowering stage, (b) full bloom stage, (c) flowering stage begins to wilt, (d) full wilted flower stage. The significance of evaluation is to find out which treatments can extend stages (a), (b), and slow down stages (c), (d). The results showed that stage (a) only occurred in the first two days, and stage (d) appeared in the last two days in the control solution. Meanwhile, stage (d) did not present in vases containing copper ions at concentrations of 1 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1 at the end of the experimental time. Besides, stage (c) appeared on the 8th day of the experiment in vases with 1 mg L-1 of copper ion. Stage (a)  lasted for the first three days, and stage (b) was maintained until the 8th day with 3 mg L-1 of copper ion in vases. At the end of the experiment (9th day), there were signs of stage (c). Similar observations were reported for cut Acacia holosericea by Kamani Ratnayake [4]. The lifespan of A. holosericea was improved with copper ion treatment. The petal shape and color assessment aimed to determine flower distinctness, uniformity, and stability during growth. The observed abnormalities explain the vulnerability as well as the ability to maintain growth in the tested subjects. The primary color on the inner petal side was still pink (P) to the end of the experiment using 1 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1 of copper ion. Meanwhile, light yellow (P-Y), the color of the inner side of the petals, was recorded in the control vases. At the same time, the freshness was entirely lost at the end of the experiment with wilted yellow (Y) (Table 1). These phenomena may be related to water stress [5] or low carbohydrate concentrations [6]. In another observation for reflexing of petals one by one described as two signals as Absent (Ab.) and Present (Pr.), the "present" signal appeared from the 2nd day for control vases during the testing process. For vases, copper concentrations using 1 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1 appeared on the 6th and 7th day, respectively. Another important feature when observing growth in flower diameter was observed. In the present study, it was observed that the flower diameters on the last day of the experiment were in descending of using 3 mg L-1 of copper ion > 1 mg L-1 of copper ion > control vases without copper ion (i.e., ranging from 6.0 cm to 7.2 cm > from 6.2cm to 6.8cm > 5.2 cm - 5.5 cm).This study showed that copper ions have great promise as an antimicrobial agent, i.e., restricting the proliferation of coliforms. The rose vases containing copper ions at 1 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1 exhibited superior anti-coliform activity, and better efficiency at copper ion level increased. We suggest that the copper ion were absorbed into the rose, increasing its antiaging and antibacterial ability. As a result, it was no significant difference in the residual copper ion concentration in the rose vases after 9 days of the investigation. The results were consistent with the recorded sensory states. The morphological change, color state, petal shape occurred slower on rose in vases using 3 mg L-1 Cu2+ than others. Because of its color-changing from green to blue at a higher concentration of 3 mg L-1, we need to carefully evaluate the effects of Cu2+ on the flower appearance before use. To extend the application of metal ions for post-harvest preservation on the cut flower life, such as rose, a combination of different ions can provide a complete bactericidal effect preventing mixed bacterial populations.Keywords: antibacterial, antiaging, cut flower, rose, copper ion.AcknowledegmentThis study was supported by Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ewater Engineering Co.LtdReferences  [1].  S. Mittapally, R. Taranum, and S. Parveen, "Metal ions as antibacterial agents," Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics  8,  411-419 (2018).[2].  A. J. Macnish, R. T. Leonard, and T. A. Nell, "Treatment with chlorine dioxide extends the vase life of selected cut flowers," Postharvest Biology and Technology  50,  197-207 (2008).[3].  W. G. Van Doorn, D. Zagory, and M. S. Reid, "Role of ethylene and bacteria in vascular blockage of cut fronds from the fern Adiantum raddianum," Scientia horticulturae  46,  161-169 (1991).[4].  K. Ratnayake, D. C. Joyce, and R. I. Webb, "Investigation of potential antibacterial action for postharvest copper treatments of cut Acacia holosericea," Postharvest Biology and Technology  70,  59-69 (2012).[5].  R. E. Paull, "Temperature-induced leakage from chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants," Plant Physiology  68,  149-153 (1981).[6].  M. Reid, "Rose, spray rose, sweetheart rose–recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality," Produce Facts Article. Postharvest Technology research and Information Center, University of California, Davis  1, (2004). 

Background: Myocardial protection in reoperations in cardiac surgery is extremely difficult in patients with previous coronary surgery and a working LIMA-LAD graft, and it largely determines the outcome of surgery and long-term prognosis. We use a the method of percutaneous angiographic balloon LIMA occlusion and cardioplegic arrest. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the data of patients with angiographic balloon LIMA-occlusion and those without occlusion in operations related to PVE, and previous coronary surgery with permeable LIMA graft, determining the degree of safety and benefits of method. Study design and Methods: A total of 20 patients undergoing surgery for prosthesis valve endocarditis with patent LIMA-LAD graft were analyzed retrospectively. We divide the patients into 2 groups. Group A patients - with LIMA occlusion and Group B patients - without LIMA occlusion). The pre-, intra- and postoperative results were compared and the degree of safety and benefits of the application of the method were studied. Results: 80% of patients in group A needed only dopamine infusion and 20% needed the addition of a second catecholamine (Adrenaline) at the end of CPB. In group B, the need for double catecholamine maintenance is in 50% of patients. The need for implantation of an intra-aortic balloon pump due to refractory heart failure was registered in 10% of patients in group A and in 20% of patients in group B. It was found that the average duration of mechanical ventilation in group A is 10.5 hours postoperatively, and in group B - 12.5 hours. The mean duration of catecholamine infusion in both groups was 3 days. The average stay in intensive care is shorter for patients in Group A - 2.5 days, and in Group B is 3.5 days. In terms of survival - mortality in the group with LIMA occlusion is 0%, while in the group without LIMA occlusion is 20%. Conclusion: Our reported results from the use of the LIMA balloon occlusion method in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis who are high-risk and complicated patients and nevertheless the mortality in this group studied by us is 0% and no serious complications of the applied method have been registered. Therefore, we believe that the angiographic balloon LIMA occlusion is a reliable, easily applicable and relatively safe technique that improves the surgical results and prognosis of patients in need of reoperative cardiac surgery.

Hydropeaking operation leads to fluctuations in wetted area between base and peak flow and increases discharge-related hydraulic forces (e.g., flow velocity). These processes promote macroinvertebrate drift and stranding, often affecting benthic abundance and biomass. Our field experimental study – conducted in three hydropeaking-regulated Swiss rivers – aimed to quantify (i) the short-term effects of the combined increase in flow amplitude and up-ramping rate based on macroinvertebrate drift and stranding, as well as (ii) long-term effects based on the established community composition. Hydropeaking led to increased macroinvertebrate drift compared to base flow and to unaffected residual flow reaches. Moreover, stranding of macroinvertebrates was positively related to drift, especially during the up-ramping phase. Flow velocity and up-ramping rate were identified as major determinants for macroinvertebrate drift, while flow ratio and down-ramping rate for stranding. Particularly high sensitivity towards HP was found for Limnephilidae, whereas Heptageniidae seemed to be resistant in respect to short and long-term hydropeaking effects. In the long-term, hydropeaking did not considerably reduce benthic density of most taxa, especially of some highly resistant and resilient taxa such as Chironomidae and Baetidae, which dominated the community composition even though they showed comparably high drift and stranding responses. Therefore, we argue that high passive drift and/or stranding, especially of individual-rich taxa, does not necessarily indicate strong hydropeaking sensitivity. Finally, our results demonstrate the necessity to consider the differences in river-specific morphological complexity and hydropeaking intensity, since these factors strongly influence the community composition and short-term drift and stranding response of macroinvertebrates to hydropower pressure.

The effect of the presence of a deuterium (D) or tritium (T) isotope bonded to the alpha carbon of glycine is determined without the need to apply external forces e.g. electric fields or using normal mode analysis. Isotopic effects were accounted for using the mass-dependent diagonal Born-Oppenheimer energy correction (DBOC) at the CCSD level of theory. We calculated the stress tensor trajectories of the dominant C-N bond within next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG-QTAIM). S-character chirality was discovered using the stress tensor trajectories, instead of the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, for ordinary glycine. The S-character chirality was preserved after the substitution of the H on the alpha carbon for a D isotope but transformed to R-character chirality after replacement with the T isotope. This reversal of the chirality depending on the presence of a single D or T isotope bound to the alpha carbon adds to the debate on the nature of the extraterrestrial origins of chirality in simple amino acids. We demonstrate that NG-QTAIM is a promising tool for understanding isotopic induced electronic charge density changes, useful in analysis of infrared (IR) or circular dichroism (CD) spectra explaining changes in mode couplings and bands intensities or sign.