Understanding the consequences of human induced translocations on natural populations requires genetic monitoring. Salmonid fishes represent a group of species experiencing several such large-scale perturbations expected to affect microevolutionary processes. Here, two genetically separate brown trout populations with divergent life history traits are studied following their release into waters previously void of trout. We use a pooled sequencing approach to explore the genomic characteristics of the released stocks and of populations established in the wild in two lakes down-stream of the release site 30 years (4-5 generations) later. While most of the differences (FST=0.16) between the released stocks can be attributed to drift, we identify putatively adaptive differences between them in genes involved in immunity, hearing, skin and muscle texture. Higher levels of genome-wide diversity in established populations compared to released stocks suggest extensive hybridization between stocks. However, released stocks are unequally represented in the established populations, with one stock mainly contributing to the lake closest to the release site, and the other dominating the lake further downstream. We also identify genomic regions putatively under directional selection in the new environment, where genes from one of the released populations, governing metabolism, appear advantageous. Our results demonstrate that hybridization, establishment, and adaptation can be rapid after release into novel environments. We show that such ongoing processes, important for conservation and management, are possible to monitor over contemporary time scales even for a species with relatively small local effective population sizes and a large, complex genome.

A document by Steffen Mickenautsch. Click on the document to view its contents.

In this paper, we investigate a well-balanced and positive-preserving non-staggered central scheme, which has second-order accuracy on both time and spatial scales, for open channel flows with variable channel width and non-flat bottom. We perform piecewise linear reconstructions of the conserved variables and energy as well as discretize the source term using the property that the energy remains constant, so that the complex source term and the flux can be precisely balanced so as to maintain the steady state. The scheme also ensures that the cross-sectional wet area is positive by introducing a draining time-step technique. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the scheme is capable of accurately maintaining both the still steady-state solutions and the moving steady-state solutions, simultaneously. Moreover, the scheme has the ability to accurately capture small perturbations in the moving steady-state solution and avoid generating spurious oscillations. It is also capable of showing that the scheme is positive-preserving and robust in solving the dam-break problem.

In this manuscript,we present a parametric family of derivative-free 3-steps iterative methods with a weight function for solving nonlinear equations. We study various ways of introducing memory to this parametric family in order to increase the order of convergence without new functional evaluations. We also performed numerical experiments to compare the iterative methods fromdifferent points of view.

Our main motivation question is “Is there any relation between the non-coding region and useless error-correcting codes?”. Then we focused CDS and non-CDS areas instead of exon and intron, because CDS involves in process of synthesis a protein and is involved by exons. We get the data of the genes from NCBI \cite{ncbi}. In this study, we introduce the method Fi-noncds that is used for determining the non-CDS region by using error-correcting codes. We obtained that the error-correction codes that can’t correct any codes named zero error-correcting code, placed in non-CDS areas, densely. This result shows that non-CDS regions (non-coding areas in DNA) match zero error-correcting codes (useless error-correcting code). Frame lengths 7,8,9 and 10,11,12,13 and 14 were tested by the method. Optimal result for selected genes (TRAV1-1, TRAV1-2, TRAV2, TRAV7, WRKY33, HY5, GR-RBP2) is frame length 8, $n=7$, $k=2$, $dnaNo=1$. Moreover, optimal results of the algorithm Fi-noncds matched the best sequence length 8 as in [Lichtenberg, Jens and Yilmaz, Alper and Welch, Joshua D and Kurz, Kyle and Liang, Xiaoyu and Drews, Frank and Ecker, Klaus and Lee, Stephen S. and Geisler, Matt and Grotewold, Erich ve Welch, Lonnie R.,The word landscape of the non-coding segments of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome,Bell Labs Tech. J, Volume 10, no 1].

This paper is concerned with a class of singular prey-taxis models in a smooth bounded domain under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The main challenge of analysis is the possible singularity as the prey density vanishes. Employing the technique of a priori assumption, the comparison principle of differential equations and semigroup estimates, we show that the singularity can be precluded if the intrinsic growth rate of prey is suitably large and hence obtain the existence of global classical bounded solutions. Moreover, the global stability of co-existence and prey-only steady states with convergence rates is established by the method of Lyapunov functionals.

The ABC spectral radius of a graph G is the largest eigenvalue of the ABC matrix modified from the adjacency matrix of G so that the (u,v)-entry is √(du+dv-2)/√dudv for an edge uv, where dw is the degree of vertex w in G. We show that the graph formed from a cycle of length n-p by attaching p pendent edges to a vertex uniquely maximizes the ABC spectral radius over all n-vertex unicyclic graphs with p pendant edges, and over all n-vertex unicyclic graphs with girth n-p, respectively.

Electrical activity is used by plants in long term signalling and information transfer between the distant parts of the plant. Biopotential recordings from trees in a natural environment have been so far less discussed in scientific literature. Here we present our data about the open science experiment TRee-hUMAn iNterface (TRUMAN) located in Paneveggio forest (Valle di Fiemme, Trento, Italy), cultivated since one thousand years for the production of harmonic wood from Picea abies (red fir). We show that: i) biopotential features based on xylem can be correlated with the solar (and lunar) cycle ii) dead tree logs show an electrical activity that is correlated with that of neighbouring trees iii) statistical features of the spike-like peaks are evidenced, including amplitude, frequency, propagation speed, entropy iv) a quantum field theory is presented to highlight the collective behaviour of the forest, supported by preliminar correlation analyses between electrical signal Kolmogorov entropy and thermographies Shannon entropy.

A novel measurement system for mixing property of binary mixtures in three-dimensional fluidized beds is developed based on capacitance probe method. The mixing processes at multi-positions of the bed are acquired simultaneously. A new dispersion coefficient is proposed to characterize the local dispersion of particles and a new mixing index is proposed to evaluate the local mixing quality in three-dimensional fluidized beds. The effect of convection and diffusion mechanism on particle mixing is discussed separately. Results show that the governing mechanism of particle mixing at the center and top of the beds is convection; meanwhile the governing mechanism for particle mixing at the bottom and near the wall is diffusion. The radial dispersion coefficient at the half-radius of the bed is mainly between 0.0038 and 0.026 m2/s, which is about 1.5 times that near the wall. The vertical dispersion coefficient is about 2.5 times that the radial dispersion coefficient.

Flow arrangement in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor is key to affect multi-component gas reactions (e.g., dry reforming of methane). Herein, a stainless-steel membrane distributor-type DBD reactor was developed to allow the change of gas flow arrangements freely to understand their effect on plasma-assisted CH4/CO2 conversion to syngas. Variation of gas flow arrangements in the DBD reactor could regulate the reaction performance. Also, inclusion of packing materials, especially ones with low packing density, in the DBD reactor could enhance the effect of gas flow arrangement compared to the plasma-alone DBD. Specially, the DBD reactor with CO2 feed in the quartz wool packed discharge zone and CH4 distributed via the membrane exhibited a good stability over 300 min on stream, with rather stable CO2/CH4 conversions of ~30%/50%, H2/CO selectivity of ~46%/55%, H2/CO molar ratio of 0.8–1.0, and energy efficiency of 0.25–0.35 mmol·kJ−1.

Membrane technology is of great significance to realize efficient and energy-saving molecular separation in petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. However, current membrane materials are subject to an insurmountable trade-off be-tween permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report on a microporous nanocomposite membrane with multiple sophisticated transport channels to intensify solvent permeation. To achieve this goal, we designed polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with precise contorted rejection pores as matrix, and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with uniform one-dimensional (1D) channels as porous nanomaterials. Notably, the selected PIMs and COFs have similar chemical components and structures, ensuring the interfacial compatibility between them was perfectly addressed. The prepared PIMs/COFs nanocomposite membranes showed a significant boost in solvent permeances (18.1 and 4.2 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 for acetonitrile and ethanol), while leading to high rejections (>90%) towards solute molecules of larger than 450 Da. This work paves a promising avenue for efficient molecular separation.

Thermal treatment can be used to reduce content of glycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) in distilled monoglycerides and mono-di-glyceride products. The potential reduction of GE is temperature dependent, and low temperature (e.g. 80°C) can reduce GE to a lower level than higher temperatures. Reaching a level close to equilibrium can take weeks (at e.g. 80°), while it can be reached in hours at e.g. 150°C. The thermal treatment has, however, also negative impact on other quality parameters. The content of monoglyceride in both distilled monoglyceride and in mono-di-glycerides is also reduced during the thermal treatment. More at higher than at lower temperatures. These conclusions are built on 47 lab and pilot experiments using different mono- and mono-di-glycerides compositions (both in terms of glycerides and fatty acids), temperatures between 80°C and 200°C and starting levels of GE. A mathematical model was developed to analyse the experimental data.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of trans cervical Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor in women with previous cesarean section Introduction: Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is a method of achieving a successful vaginal birth in women with a history of prior cesarean section. Foley catheter balloon is the most commonly used mechanical device for labor induction, which is a mechanical dilator of the cervix and also stimulates release of endogenous prostaglandins from the fetal membranes. It is a very successful preinduction cervical ripening agent in women with previous caesarean section with an unfavourable cervix Method: prospective clinical observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh during 2019-2021. A total of hundred (100) pregnant women with previous cesarean delivery who had an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score  6) were included in the study. The data was analysed by statistical test using SPPS software version 25.0 Result: In our study maximum number of women were induced for hypertensive disorders. 58 % females had a successful vaginal delivery with minimal maternal and neonatal morbidity. Among those who underwent repeat cesarean section, the most common indication was fetal distress. Conclusion: Our study showed that trans cervical Foley catheter is a safe, effective and affordable method of cervical ripening and induction of labor in women with previous scarred uterus with very less maternal and neonatal morbidity. KEY WORDS Foley catheter, VBAC, TOLAC, labor induction

Objective: This study aimed to determine the high risk factors of ovarian metastasis of EC, to enable accurate evaluation of whether young EC patients can retain ovaries.Design:A large sample retrospective case-control study.Setting and population:All EC patients were treated and registered in the Liaoning Cancer Hospital between January 2006 and December 2017;aged 25-80 years.Methods: The study cohort was divided into two groups: EC patients with ovarian metastasis and without ovarian metastasis.To analyze ovarian metastasis on prognosis after propensity score matching (PSM) based on the stratified analysis of independent risk factors for ovarian metastasis.Main outcome measure:overall survival (OS) and progress free survival(PFS).Results: A total of 1240 patients diagnosed with EC were eligible for analysis, of which 120 (9.7%) had ovarian metastasis. The EC patients with ovarian metastasis were more likely to have deep myometrial infiltration, lymph node metastasis and elevated CA125.Median follow-up time was 52 months (13-131 months); the median survival was 39 months in patients with ovarian metastasis and 111 months in those without ovarian metastasis (p＜0.001).Compared with EC patients without ovarian metastasis, the risk for death increased by 14.37 times in those with ovarian metastasis.According to the stratified analysis,PFS and OS of EC patients with ovarian metastasis in the low-risk group,and PFS of patients in the high-risk group were significantly shorter than those without ovarian metastasis (p＜0.0001,p=0.0034;p＜0.0001).Conclusion: Deep myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis and elevated CA125 were independent risk factors for ovarian metastasis of EC patients. Ovarian metastasis is an independent predictor of poor survival among EC patients.

Introducción. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el periodo perinatal puede asociarse a un mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad tanto en la madre como en el neonato.Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas y los hallazgos de laboratorio e imagenológicos en gestantes con COVID-19 y sus recién nacidos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas publicadas entre el 1 de febrero de 2020 y el 30 de mayo de 2021, que describieran las características clínicas y hallazgos de exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen (tórax) en gestantes con COVID-19 y sus recién nacidos; no hubo restricciones de idioma. Se reanalizaron los datos mediante metaanálisis bayesianos utilizando métodos de Monte Carlo basados en Cadenas de Markov. El protocolo del estudio está registrado en PROSPERO bajo el código CRD42020178329.Resultados. Se recuperaron 6 revisiones sistemáticas (para un total de 617 estudios primarios). Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de las proporciones de los signos, síntomas y hallazgos imagenológicos y de laboratorio tanto de las madres, como de los neonatos. Las Odds ratio (OR) entre las embarazadas con y sin COVID-19 fueron: compromiso del bienestar fetal: 1.9 (IC95%:1.09-3.63); mortinato: 1.73 (IC95%:1.01-2.94); nacimiento prematuro: 1.77 (IC95%:1.25-2.61); admisión de la madre a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI): 6.75 (IC95%: 1-31.19). Con relación a la sintomatología: la OR para la mialgia entre las embarazadas y las no embarazadas con COVID-19: 0.67 (IC 95%:0.51-0.93).Conclusiones. Los síntomas más comunes en las embarazadas con COVID-19 son tos, fiebre, disnea y mialgias; además, existe un mayor riesgo de ingreso a UCI. En lo que respecta a los exámenes complementarios, las alteraciones más frecuentes son la linfopenia y las lesiones evidenciadas en los estudios de imagen del tórax. La presencia de COVID-19 en las gestantes se asocia con nacimiento prematuro. Al parecer, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en neonatos no es grave y el riesgo de transmisión vertical es bajo, pues no se encontraron datos sobre malformaciones congénitas atribuibles al virus.

Tenacibaculum maritimum is a devastating bacterial pathogen affecting a large variety of marine fish species. It is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture farms worldwide. Different typing methods have been proposed to analyze bacterial diversity and population structure. Serological heterogeneity has been observed and up to four different serotypes have been described so far. However, the underlying molecular factors remain unknown. By combining conventional serotyping and genome-wide association study, we identified the genomic loci likely involved in the O-antigen biosynthesis. This finding allowed the development of a robust multiplex PCR-based serotyping scheme able to detect subgroups within each serotype and therefore performs better than conventional serotyping. This scheme was successfully applied to a large number of isolates from worldwide origin and retrieved from a large variety of fish species. No obvious correlations were observed between the mPCR-based serotype and the host species or the geographic origin of the isolates. Strikingly, the distribution of mPCR-based serotypes does not follow the core-genome phylogeny. Nevertheless, this simple and cost-effective mPCR-based serotyping method could be useful for different applications such as population structure analysis, disease surveillance, vaccine formulation and efficacy follow-up.

Introduction: Patients with migraines, particularly those with auras, may present with stroke. Atrial fibrillation is a known risk factor for stroke. With common pathophysiological factors between migraines and atrial fibrillation, we aimed to clarify the association between migraine and atrial fibrillation in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane electronic bibliographic databases from inception to 14th June 2021 with the following inclusion criteria: (1) cohort or cross-sectional studies, (2) patients ≥ 18-years-old, (3) studies examining association between atrial fibrillation and migraines. Exclusion criteria were case-control studies, studies including patients with prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or non-migrainous headache. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of studies.  Results: 6 studies were included, demonstrating a 1.61% (95% CI 0.51, 3.29) pooled prevalence of atrial fibrillation in migraine with aura and 1.32% (95% CI 0.17, 3.41) in migraine without aura. The total prevalence of atrial fibrillation in migraine was 1.39% (95% CI 0.24, 3.46) overall. Conclusion: Overall, there was a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in migraine with aura compared to migraine without aura. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in migraine patients was low.

Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis of Hashimoto and Pritzker (CSHR), a form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH), is a rare benign proliferative disorder that typically self-resolves at 6 months. We present an atypical case of CSHR with first onset at 10 months of age which showed histologic features of LCH.

Ammonia oxidizers are the primary agents for nitrification. The most significant change in an ecosystem’s nitrogen (N) cycle is the stimulation of ammonia oxidizer activity caused by N enrichment and the subsequent development of a highly nitrifying soil environment. However, few studies have examined the duration of N-induced impacts on nitrification after the cessation of N inputs. We conducted a 15 years nutrient addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, and then nutrient addition was ceased for 7 years, and the ammonia-oxidizer communities were examined. Ammonia oxidizers, especially ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), exhibited a continuous hysteretic response to N enrichment and subsequent cessation. Soil ammonia availability has been proposed as a primary driver controlling AOB abundances under nutrient addition. Although plant N and soil inorganic N concentrations showed rapid recovery in plots where nutrient additions were discontinued, soil microbial N mainly controlled changes in N mineralization and availability of soil N to ammonia oxidizers. Pyrosequencing data revealed that nutrient cessation significantly impacts AOB, and AOB composition established connections than AOA and comammox Nitrospira, indicating the greater ecological importance of AOB in the overall network. Our findings suggest that a high nitrification environment induced by N enrichment is not possible simply by reducing N input, and it requires a long recuperation time.

The exchange of material and individuals between neighbouring food webs is ubiquitous, but theory remains scarce for how such spatial flows affect ecosystem functioning. Here, we combine dynamic food web models with models for nutrient recycling to explore how animal foraging movement, between habitats of contrasting fertility and plant diversity, affects species persistence as well as the stocks and fluxes of biomass, detritus, and nutrients. We found that the net flow of consumers went from the habitat of higher fertility or diversity to the habitat with lower fertility or diversity, boosting ecosystem functioning in the receiving habitat. By explicitly modelling stocks and interconnecting fluxes we could replicate empirically observed effects of spatial subsidies, such as biomass distribution shifts and effect attenuation, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate how foraging movement can drastically alter local functioning. Overall, our approach offers a start toward understanding ecosystem function in human-dominated landscapes.

Wild boar is the main sylvatic reservoir of the genotype 3 of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The occurrence of HEV-3 human cases has been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig and wild boar meat and liver. The zoonotic transmission of HEV-3 has been confirmed by sequencing identical or strictly related viral strains in humans, wild boar, and derived food. The HEV sequences classified within the HEV-3 genotype are highly variable, and although only one serotype has been identified so far, the observed differences allow for the further classification of the HEV-3 genotype into subtypes, named in alphabetical order. Compared to human and pig strains, an even higher heterogeneity is observed among strains infecting wild boar. In the present study, the genetic variability of eight HEV-3 strains detected in wild boars living in a small geographical area in central Italy (Lazio and Umbria regions) was investigated by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The strains were classified within the HEV-3a, HEV-3c, HEV-3f subtypes and within two new recently proposed subtypes. Results demonstrate – despite the relatively small geographic area of origin – an unexpected divergence within HEV-3 strains hosted by the investigated wild boar population and highlights the need for extensive sequencing of HEV in reservoirs to fully understand diversity, geographical distribution and evolution of this group of viruses.

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are licensed for the prevention of thromboembolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation amongst other indications. Prescribers use information derived from the summary of product characteristics which is based on the key trials supporting the DOAC’s market authorisation. However, prescribers may be aware of the limitations of these trials regarding underrepresentation of patient populations commonly encountered in clinical practice and how this may adversely impact them. This review highlights the gaps in the licensing evidence using 3 clinical vignettes that explore prescribing challenges in the elderly, obese and female patients.

A document by Aurélie Bonin. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective: To study the value of fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in gestational diabetes mellitus in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship with clinical parameters and perinatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 80 participants, including 40 with diagnosed GDM and 40 healthy pregnant women, were included in the study. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. Sonographic examinations were performed, such as amniotic fluid value, fetal biometric measurements, and Doppler parameters of the umbilical artery. Fetal EFT values were measured at the free wall of the right ventricle using a reference line with echocardiographic methods. Correlation tests were performed to evaluate the relationship between fetal EFT and clinical and perinatal parameters. P < 0.05 were interpreted as statistically significant. Results: The fetal EFT value was statistically higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p:0.000). Spearman correlation tests revealed statistically significant but weak positive correlations between fetal EFT value, 1-hour 100-gr OGTT, birth weight, and BMI (r: 0.198, p:0.047; r:0.395, p:0.012; r:0.360, p:0.042, respectively). The optimal fetal EFT threshold for predicting GDM disease was found as 1.55 mm, with a specificity of 74.4% and sensitivity of 75.0%. Statistically significant differences between the two groups in umbilical artery Doppler resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) were not found (p:0.337; p:0.503; p:0.155;). BMI and amniotic fluid volume were higher in the GDM group compared to the control group (p:0.009; p:0.000). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that increased fetal EFT may occur as a reflection of changes in glucose metabolism in intrauterine life. Future studies with larger series, including the study of neonatal metabolic parameters, will contribute to the understanding of the importance of fetal EFT in determining the metabolic status of the fetus.