Adapting the target dataset for a pre-trained model is still challenging. These adaptation problems result from a lack of adequate transfer of traits from the source dataset; this often leads to poor model performance resulting in trial and error in selecting the best performing pre-trained model. This paper introduces the conflation of source domain low-level textural features extracted using the first layer of the pretrained model. The extracted features are compared to the conflated low-level features of the target dataset to select a higher quality target dataset for improved pre-trained model performance and adaptation. From comparing the various probability distance metrics, Kullback-Leibler is adopted to compare the samples from both domains. We experiment on three publicly available datasets and two ImageNet pre-trained models used in past studies for results comparisons. This proposed approach method yields two categories of the target samples with those with lower Kullback-Leibler values giving better accuracy, precision and recall. The samples with the lower Kullback-Leibler values give a higher margin accuracy rate of 6.21% to 7.27%, thereby leading to better model adaptation for target transfer learning datasets and tasks

Our intention in writing this paper is to conduct a retrospective epidemiological analysis of foot and mouth disease (hereinafter referred to as FMD) outbreaks reported in livestock in the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2020. The paper provides space-time patterns of FMD outbreaks and describes risk factors, FMD prevention and control strategies. 97 FMD outbreaks caused by A, O and Asia-1 serotypes were reported in cattle, small ruminants and pigs in the Russian Federation in the study period. These outbreaks were mainly concentrated along the Russian-Chinese border. The analysis reveals a high incidence rate of A and O serotypes, which accounted for 79% of all outbreaks, as well as a trend towards forming time-space clusters in 2005 and in 2013-2019. Sufficient data were collected to identify 9 statistically significant time-space clusters formed by FMD outbreaks: 3 clusters (the FMDV serotype A) lasted 27 - 62 days, 4 clusters (the FMDV serotype O) lasted 6 - 27 days, one cluster (the FMDV serotype Asia-1) lasted 125 days, and a mixed cluster composed of A and O serotypes that lasted 552 days. Risk factors associated with pathogen introduction were underestimated and it undermined biosecurity and biosafety when keeping and moving animals. It has been argued that the underestimation of risk factors is the major cause of outbreaks. Due to it, direct and indirect contacts with carriers, including wild migrating [cloven-hoofed animal](https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?s=cloven-hoofed+animal&l1=1&l2=2)s, became possible. Based on the work carried out we have come to the conclusion that developing cross-border cooperation is urgently needed to prevent and control FMD.

We present two cases of general anesthesia in children with 18, 13 trisomy. One patient had difficulty with intubation and had to be reintubated postoperatively, another developed postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome. The use of postoperative high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to avoid reintubation is considered a feasible strategy.

This paper is devoted to the numerical treatment of time fractional diffusion equation with mixed boundary conditions. A new scheme based on the combination of the implicit finite difference method for Caputo derivative in time and the mimetic finite difference in space is considered for solving this problem. The stability analysis of the proposed scheme is given by using Von-Neumann method. The numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method as compared with other finite difference methods.

To explore the impacts of pulse vaccination on the dynamical behaviors of virus, the current paper investigates the threshold dynamics of a viral infection model with impulsive CTL immune response. We first discuss the existence of the infection-free steady state, and define the crucial CTL-activated viral infection reproduction number $R_0$. Then, the fundamental extinction and uniform persistence behaviors of virus are distinguished by various case of the threshold parameter $R_0$. Finally, we still devote to studying special global attractivity of the positive steady state by employing the Lyapunov function. Our results indicate that high vaccination rates stimulate the CTL response more effectively, and can eventually force the virus to eradicate.

Radial long cracks at bolt holes have been observed on steel brake discs used in high-speed rail systems. The crack propagation process is obviously different from traditional thermal fatigue propagation. Because the causes of the cracks and corresponding propagation mode are not well known, further study is warranted. In the present study, the microstructure evolution near the sliding surface of a cast steel brake disc was characterized. The variation in the mechanical properties of the disc material under the influence of microstructure evolution and temperature was analysed. Combining the establishment of the extended finite element model (XFEM) with changes in mechanical properties, the propagation mechanism of the radial long crack at the bolt hole on the brake disc sliding surface was analysed. The microanalysis and tensile test results showed that the grain size and the strength of material gradient increased from the sliding surface to the core of the disc. The simulation results showed that the interaction of strength decline and high-level stress concentration in the vicinity of the bolt hole led to rapid crack propagation along the radial direction of the disc. In addition, the formation of the radial long cracks was equivalent to the introduction of the fatigue crack source on the sliding surface, and the crack was very likely to continue to propagate to the core of the disc through fatigue propagation, which ultimately led to the failure of the brake disc. Based on the results of this study, recommendations regarding the presence of radial long cracks on the sliding surface and maintenance procedures for the cast steel brake disc are proposed.

An atypical coronary artery fistula originated from right coronary sinus of Valsalva with anomalous Left circumflex artery originZixin Xie1,2, Xiaojun Xie1,2, Banghui Lai1,2, Mingbin Deng1,2*1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University, 8 Kangcheng Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, P.R. China.2Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou.*Corresponding author: Mingbin Deng, E-mail: mingbindeng@126.com.Telephone: +8613608288599A 14-year-old male was referred to our institution because of a continuous heart murmur diagnosed at another hospital. Physical examination revealed stable vital signs and a continuous murmur at the mid-left sternal border. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable. The electrocardiogram was normal with no ischemic changes. Cardiac markers were insignificant. Transthoracic echocardiography showed normal left ventricular motion and no valvular disease. Cardiac doppler showed a continuous turbulent flow into the right atrium(Panel A). Multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) revealed an abnormal marked dilation vessel originating from the right coronary sinus of Valsalva. The abnormal vessel developed into a 35 ×29 mm tortuosity aneurysm and eventually flowed into the posterior aspect of the right atrium(Panels B and D). The origin and diameter of the entire RCA were normal(Panel C). In addition, an anomalous origin of left circumflex artery(LCx) from the right coronary sinus of Valsalva was noted(Panels B and C). Because of the presence of a large fistulous tract and rupture risk, the patient was considered a surgical candidate. The fistula is identified from within the right atrium. The aneurysm wall was resected, and the stump was closed with direct sutures. The postoperative morphology of the sinus of Valsalva was excellent, and aortic regurgitation was not observed.Coronary artery fistula(CAF) is defined as a rare congenital or acquired abnormal communication between the coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or a thoracic great vessel 1. The most common clinical presentation of CAF in children is a persistent heart murmur. Because CAF in children tends to increase with age, early surgical correction is required 2. Coronary artery fistulas can originate from any coronary artery branch 3. However, for this patient, the CAF originated from the right coronary sinus of Valsalva, which mimicking a Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, there was no remarkable enlargement of right coronary sinus.

The outcomes of the arterial switch operation have improved over a period of time with the elimination of coronary artery anatomy as a risk factor for operative mortality in some series. However, cumulatively, when all the series published so far are analyzed, two coronary variations, namely the single sinus coronary artery origin and intramural type, persist as risk factors for an adverse operative outcome.

There are no solid evidence from literature that compare Cox-Maze with pulmonary vein isolation technique for atrial fibrillation in the context of concomitant mitral valve surgery. While the first is perhaps more effective and linked to higher freedom form atrial fibrillation, it is more invasive compared to the pulmonary isolation.

Cervical hibernoma is a rare, benign lipogenic tumor. Surgical removal of cervical hibernoma is needed when it causes symptoms such as dyspnea or dysphagia due to its mass effect, or when malignancy cannot be excluded. During surgery, en bloc resection is crucial to prevent hemorrhage and recurrence.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the cases of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and death among AZD1222, Sinopharm, Sputink V, Soberana, and COVAXIN vaccines receivers in Mazandaran. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was involving 320260 cases who received fully vaccinated (two doses) with five types of COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Sinopharm, Sputink V, Soberana, and COVAXIN) between February 2021 to August 2021 in the Mazandaran province. The outcomes of interest were SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and death due to COVID-19 after vaccination. Data were analyzed using R software. Results: Among 320260 COVID-19 vaccine recipients, 712 (0.22%) cases of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections were identified and 94 (0.029%) hospitalized patients died from COVID-19. The cases of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections were in Sinopharm (0.26%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (0.09%), Sputnik (0.21%) Soberana (0.01%) and Covaxin (0.38%), respectively. The cases of death in vaccine recipients in Sinopharm, AZD1222, Sputnik, Soberana, and Covaxin were 81, 11, 1, 1, and 0 cases, respectively. A significant difference was observed between COVID-19 vaccines in terms of death (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the most cases of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and death were observed in Sinopharm vaccine receivers.

The reported incidence rate of primary segmental omental torsion is 0.0016% to 0.37% and when compared with appendicitis, it is a ratio of less than 4 cases per 1000 cases of acute appendicitis.Almost 80% of cases present with right lower abdominal pain and may imitate acute appendicitis.

Parsonage Turner syndrome (PTS) is a peripheral inflammatory neuropathy of unknown etiology. We present a rare case of a patient with PTS post-covid-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Symptoms occurred fifteen days after the second dose. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, analgesics and physical rehabilitation with a partial recovery.

Insulinomas are rare functioning neuroendocrine tumors. Up to 10% of insulinomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 . Several non-invasive and invasive techniques are used to localize the lesion. We present a case of insulinoma presenting with seizures episode , with negative non-invasive imaging results ,diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound.

Background: IgE antibodies are involved in type-1 hypersensitivity. Cross-linking IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor, FceRI on effector cells with an allergen can cause anaphylaxis. Recent studies have shown that IgE glycosylation significantly impacts the ability of IgE to bind to its high-affinity receptor FceRI and exert effector functions 1,2. We have recently shown that immunization of mice with IgE in complex with an allergen leads to a protective, glycan-dependent anti-IgE response 3. However, to what extent the glycans on IgE determine the induction of those antibodies and how they facilitate serum clearance is unclear. We investigated the role of glycan-specific IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies in regulating serum IgE levels and preventing systemic anaphylaxis by passive immunization. Methods: Mice were immunized using glycosylated or deglycosylated IgE-allergen-immune complexes (ICs) to induce anti-IgE IgG antibodies. The anti-IgE IgG antibodies were purified and used for passive immunization. Results: Glycosylated IgE-ICs induced a significantly higher anti-IgE IgG response and more IgG secreting plasma cells than deglycosylated IgE-ICs. Passive immunization of IgE sensitized mice with purified anti-IgE IgG increased the clearance of IgE and prevented systemic anaphylaxis upon allergen challenge. Anti-IgE IgG purified from the serum of mice immunized with deglycosylated IgE-ICs, led to a significantly reduced elimination and protection, confirming that the IgE glycans themselves are the primary drivers of the protectivity induced by the IgE-immune complexes. Conclusion: IgE glycosylation is essential for a robust anti-IgE IgG response and might be an important regulator of serum IgE level.

Gynandroblastoma with juvenile granulosa cell and Sertoli Leydig cell as components is an extremely rare tumor of sex-cord stromal variety and its occurrence as a recurrent poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumor with heterologous rhabdomyosarcoma component is even a rarer event. A 14 years old female presented to us in our outpatient department with complaints of a pelvic mass and masculinizing symptoms. She was evaluated at our hospital and underwent primary upfront surgery; laparotomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy (ovarian mass excision) with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with omentectomy. The histopathology of ovarian mass showed both juvenile granulosa cell and Sertoli Leydig differentiation, diagnosed as gynandroblastoma. The patient developed recurrence with a disease-free interval of 23 months and underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery for the same. The second histopathology report was suggestive of rhabdomyosarcoma; embryonal type (heterologous differentiation in sex cord stromal tumor). The case presented as a pathologist’s dilemma as adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens changed based on the dominant component of the tumor. Also, as intra-operatively the tumor was extremely vascular, its surgical management proved to be a nightmare for the operating surgeon.

Background and purpose: Necroptosis amplifies inflammation and plays an important role in atherosclerosis progression. However, the role of necroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells in atherosclerosis remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on VSMC-derived foam cell necroptosis. Furthermore, we determined whether and how C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9), a cardiovascular protective adipokine, protects against ox-LDL-induced cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Experimental approach: The VSMC-derived foam cell were established followed by incubation with ox-LDL and Tempol, CTRP9 and Compound C for 24 h. Cell death was detected by the mtROS levels and ΔΨm, and the cellular inflammation was tested by the expression of inflammatory factors. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to confirm the occurrence of Necroptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of necroptosis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to construct an animal model of CTRP9 overexpression. Then the stability and necroptosis of aortic sinus plaque were detected. Key Results: Our results revealed that ox-LDL potently induced VSMC-derived foam cell necroptosis and promoted the expression of pro-atherosclerotic factors via an oxidative stress-related mechanism. CTRP9 significantly reversed ox-LDL-induced cell damage and the related dysfunction through the AMPK pathway-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes. CTRP9 overexpression reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic sinus and enhanced features of plaque stability. Conclusions & Implications: Overall, our findings suggest that CTRP9 is a potential drug target to suppress atherosclerosis and stabilize plaques.

Human prion protein and prion-like protein misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in a large and growing number of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we summarize the compelling evidence that the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences previously established as characteristic of a prion-like protein. This suggests that vaccine-induced spike protein production is synonymous with production of a prion-like protein, and we trace some of the various pathways through which these proteins should be expected to traverse and distribute throughout the body. We describe some of the highly concerning biological consequences that would be expected to occur with increased frequency as a consequence. Specifically, we describe spike-protein contribution, via its prion-like properties, to neuroinflammation and neurodegenera-tive diseases; to clotting disorders within the vasculature; to suppressed prion protein regulation in the context of widely prevalent insulin resistance; and other health complications it could be expected to induce. We explain why these prion-like characteristics are more relevant to vaccine-related mRNA-induced spike proteins than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. We conclude with some potentially ominous public health implications and recommendations for investigations of these possibilities.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause massive morbidity and mortality. In recent years, natural small-molecule therapeutics have attracted much attention for their significant efficacy. Articles have been published to study the intervention of natural drugs (including monomers, compounds, compound and neo-combinations) on one type of cardiovascular disease, but the number and variety of natural drugs included are small and insufficient, and there are no articles detailing the protective effects of different types of natural small molecule drugs on multiple cardiovascular diseases. Natural small molecule drugs have high biological activity and structural diversity, and are more likely to enter the body to exert their effects. In this article, we describe the efficacy of such drugs for anti-atherosclerosis, cardiomyocyte repair, and antagonism of ventricular remodeling, heart failure, and arrhythmias to provide an experimental basis for clinical research and identification of new therapeutic approaches.

Background and Purpose Belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, Spondias mombin Linn (SM) has been used in ethnomedicines in the treatment of diseases including viral diseases. This study aims to identify anti-viral volatiles from Geraniin and alcoholic leaf extracts of Spondias mombin Linn as potential anti-Filoviral agent against the Marburg virus (MARV VP35) by the use Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and computer-aided techniques. Experimental Approach We used phytochemical processes and computer aided drug design in the identification (by GC-MS) of anti-viral phytochemical compounds from leaf extracts of S. mombin, constituents of Geraniin and anti-filoviral activity through molecular docking and molecular simulation respectively. Key Results Geranyl benzoate including four (4) antiviral compounds, D-Limonene, p-Cymene, Thymol, L-.alpha.- Terpineol and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl -2- methylpropyl ester (1,2BAB-2-MPE) were obtained from fractions of alcoholic SM leaf extracts and 98% pure Geraniin respectively. In silico analysis identified 1,2BAB-2-MPE as the most favourable potential binders MARV VP35 binder characterised by high-affinity interactions binding site residues which favour pocket stability. Conclusions and Implications Our findings, identified Geranyl benzoate compound reported for the first time in ethanolic leaf extracts of SM and 1,2BAB-2-MPE as potential anti-filoviral candidate against Marburg viruses VP35. Our study may provide insights further developed 1,2BAB-2-MPE and /or SM leaf extracts as a therapeutic agent against Marburg viruses

The catastrophe of hypoxia in complex aortic surgery

Measuring the particle mixing parameters at multi positions in three-dimensional fluidized beds continuously remains a challenging task. A novel measurement method for the mixing and segregation of particles inside three-dimensional fluidized beds is developed based on capacitance probe. The measurement error is generally below 7%. The particle mixing parameters and dispersion coefficients at multi-positions of the three-dimensional fluidized bed are acquired. The effect of convection and diffusion mechanism on particle mixing is discussed. Results show that the governing mechanism of particle mixing at center and top of the bed is convection; meanwhile the governing mechanism for particle mixing at bottom and near the wall is diffusion. The radial dispersion coefficient at half-radius of the bed is mainly between 0.0038 and 0.026 m2/s, which is about 1.5 times that near the wall. The axial dispersion coefficient is mainly between 0.004-0.056 m2/s, which is about 2.3 times that in radial direction.

A rapid and convenient strategy to monitor the productivity of biomanufacturing is essential for the research in optimizing relevant bioprocesses. In this work, we have developed a fluorescein-derived probe (FL-DT) that reacts rapidly with thiol groups via 1, 4-Micheal addition reaction of the sulfhydryl to unsaturated ketone and releases fluorescence. FL-DT specifically forms fluorescent adduct with two adjacent thiols in a protein of interest (POI), making the probe a reliable tool for protein quantification. The production of xylanase fused with a short di-Cys tag was then successfully monitored and quantified with FL-DT in E. coli system under different protein expression conditions, providing useful information for optimizing the bioprocess. Our work provides a convenient and efficient strategy for POI labeling and monitoring bioproduction.

Background While open surgical repair continues to be the mainstay option for aortic arch reconstruction, the associated mortality, morbidity, and high turn-down rates have led to a need for the development of minimally invasive options for aortic arch repair. Though RELAY™ Branched (Terumo Aortic, Inchinnan, UK) represents a promising option for complex endovascular aortic arch repair, neurological complications remain a pertinent risk. Herein we seek to present multi-centre data from Europe documenting the neurological outcomes associated with RELAY™ Branched. Methods Prospective data collected between January 2019 and January 2022 associated with patients treated with RELAY™ single-, double-, and triple-branched endoprostheses from centres across Europe was retrospectively analysed with descriptive and distributive analysis. Follow up data from 30 days and 6-, 12-, and 24 months postoperatively was included. Patients follow up was evaluated for the onset of disabling stroke (DS) and non-disabling stroke (NDS). Results Technical success was achieved in 147 (99.3%) cases. Over 24 months period, in total, 6 (4.1%) patients suffered DS and 8 (5.4%) patients suffered NDS after undergoing aortic arch repair with RELAY™. All patients that developed postoperative DS had been treated with the double-branched RELAY™ endoprosthesis. Discussion The data presented herein demonstrates that RELAY™ Branched is associated with favourable neurological outcomes and excellent technical success rates. Key design features of the endoprosthesis and good perioperative management can contribute greatly to mitigating neurological complications following endovascular aortic arch repair.