Objective: Investigate cost effectiveness of first trimester preeclampsia screening using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm in comparison to standard care. Design: Retrospective observational study Setting: London tertiary hospital Population: 5957 pregnancies screened for preeclampsia using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) method. Methods: Differences in pregnancy outcomes between those who developed preeclampsia, term preeclampsia and preterm preeclampsia were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. The FMF algorithm was applied retrospectively to the cohort. A decision analytic model was used to estimate costs and outcomes for pregnancies screened using NICE and those screened using the FMF algorithm. The decision point probabilities were calculated using the included cohort. Main outcome measures: Incremental healthcare costs and QALY gained per pregnancy screened. Results: Of 5957 pregnancies, 12.8% and 15.9% were screen positive for the development of preeclampsia using the NICE and FMF methods, respectively. Of those screen positive by NICE recommendations, aspirin was not prescribed in 25%. Across the three groups: pregnancies without preeclampsia, term preeclampsia and preterm preeclampsia, respectively there was a statistically significant trend in rates of emergency caesarean (21%, 43%, 71.4%; p=<0.001), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (5.9%, 9.4%, 41%; p=<0.001) and length of stay in NICU. Use of the FMF algorithm was associated with 7 fewer cases of preterm preeclampsia, cost saving of £9.06 and a QALY gain of 0.00006/pregnancy screened. Conclusions: In our cohort, using a conservative approach, application of the FMF algorithm achieved clinical benefit and an economic cost saving.

Beta diversity patterns are essential for understanding how biological communities are structured. Geographical and environmental factors, as well as species dispersal ability, are important drivers of beta diversity, but their relative importance may vary across spatial scales. In this study, we evaluate whether beta diversity changes across geographical scales and analyse how different drivers affect turnover patterns of native seed plants in an oceanic archipelago, the Azores (Portugal). Using a 500 x 500 m resolution grid, we selected cells that are covered by one of the following habitats: native forest, naturalized vegetation and seminatural pastures. We calculated species turnover at three spatial scales: i) between islands, ii) between cells within each island, and finally iii) between cells of each of the habitats of interest in each island. We then calculated the contribution of dispersal syndromes (endozoochory, epizoochory, hydrochory and anemochory) to turnover at each of the scales. Lastly, we assessed the relationship between geographical and climatic distances and habitat composition with turnover. Turnover was higher at the smallest scale, particularly in seminatural pastures, and decreased with increasing spatial scales, a pattern potentially associated with the historical fragmentation and current patchy distribution of native forest and seminatural habitats in the Azores. Dispersal syndromes and habitat composition had a negligible effect on turnover at all scales. Geographical distance had a positive effect on turnover at all scales, increasing with scale. The relationship between turnover and climatic distance was only significant at the intermediate and small scales in specific islands and habitats. Scale plays an important role at determining the effect of the drivers of turnover, in particular geographical and climatic distance. These results highlight the need to carefully select the scale of analysis when studying turnover patterns, as well as identifying the potential drivers associated with each scale.

We consider the following viscoelastic equation involving variable exponent nonlinearities: u tt-∆ u+∫ 0 tg(t-s)∆u(s)ds+a|u t| m(x)-2u t=|u| q(x)-2u. Generally speaking, the presence of the source drives the system towards instability while the appearance of damping makes the system stable, which makes the interplay between damping and nonlinearity more delicate. As far as we know, when one tries to apply multiplier method, the usual strategy for dealing with the nonlinear term ∫ Ω|u t| m-2u tudx is to apply Young’s inequality and Sobolev embedding inequality to guarantee that this moment will be controlled by both energy functional and its derivative. Therefore, for supercritical damping(m>2N/(N-2)), the failure of the embedding inequality makes the aforementioned technique unsuccessful in our problem. To do this, our strategy is to give a priori estimate for the integral ∫ Ω(2+t) 1-m(x)|u| m(x)dx and then apply modified multiplier method to give the energy functional decays logarithmically. Meanwhile, we also give explicit dependence of decay rate on both the exponent m(x) and the relaxation function function g. These results extend the paper [S. A. Messaoudi, M. M. Al-Gharabli and A. M. Al-Mahdi, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 45(14)(2022): 8389-8411].

Zk-SNARK unleashes the great potential of ZKP (zero-knowledge proof) in the blockchain, distributed storage, etc. However, the proof-generation of zk-SNARK is excessively time intensive, making it a challenge to deploy a high-performance zk-SNARK in most real applications. As a result, NTT (Number Theoretic Transform), one of the most time-consuming parts in proof-generation, needs to be accelerated significantly. To address this issue, we propose a novel and efficient “data reordering” technique to enable a highly pipelined architecture, on which an FPGA-based hardware accelerator is designed to support the large-bitwidth and large-scale NTT tasks in zk-SNARK. Our architecture achieves a two-level pipeline: 1) the top-level pipeline is achieved among smaller NTT sub-tasks, which are decomposed from a large-scale NTT task; 2) the bottom-level pipeline is achieved in each sub-task, among butterfly operations with different step sizes. This architecture can effectively reduce the data dependency and memory access requirements, meanwhile, can be flexibly scaled to different scales of FPGAs. To balance computing efficiency and flexibility, the OpenCL equipped with HLS is used to implement the heterogeneous acceleration system. We prototype the accelerator on the AMD-Xilinx Alveo U50 card (UltraScale+ XCU50 FPGA). The evaluation results show that 1) our accelerator shows high scalability for different scales of FPGAs with a stable performance improvement; 2) it performs 1.95× faster than the one in PipeZK; 3) and it achieves 27.98×, 1.74× speedup and 6.9×, 6× energy efficiency improvement than AMD Ryzen 9 5900X single core and 12 cores respectively when integrated into the well-known ZKP open-source project, Bellman.

Abstract: Objective: We accumulated the data to verify the fast recovery effect of transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery by analyzing the perioperative outcomes of patients with gynecological malignancies in the implementation of ERAS. Design: A retrospective study Setting: A university academic hospital Population or Sample: Patients with gynecological cancer undergoing transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS) by a single experienced surgeon. Methods: This was a retrospective consecutive single-center study of patients with gynecological cancer undergoing TU-LESS from November 2017 and January 2022. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes were the perioperative outcomes in various surgeries including surgery time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and complications. Results: 315 gynecologic malignant cases successfully experienced TU-LESS in West China Second Hospital were incorporated, including 195 cervical cancers, 86 endometrial cancers and 34 ovarian cancers. The average age for patients is 47.48 (SD = 8.77). The average operating time and blood loss is 273.71 (SD = 87.12) minutes and 166.87 (SD = 237.09) ml, respectively. The average time for the first passage of flatus is 43.68 (SD = 29.75) hours. The hospitalization is 5.30 (SD = 2.42) days in average. Conclusions: TU-LESS is capable to enhance the recovery of patients who suffer from gynecological malignancies in the implementation of ERAS with less pain, shorter hospitalization and better rehabilitation. Funding: Science and Technology Program of Sichuan, China (2021YJ0137), Machine learning for risk warning and treatment guidance of preserving fertility in patients with endometrial cancer and endometrial atypical hyperplasia. Keywords: ERAS, TU-LESS, gynecology oncology

Vomiting in pregnancy in relation to acute pancreatitis complicated by Wernicke’s encephalopathy: A train can hide another

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe manifestation of maternal hypertensive disease with high morbidity and mortality which microparticles (MPs) might be generated. But there is limited evidence on response MPs with PE. Objectives: To explore the relationship between MPs and PE. Search strategy: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (inception to September 20, 2022). Selection criteria: Studies on patients diagnosed as PE were included. Studies on patients with chronic hypertension, pre-gestational diabetes mellitus, and history of recurrent pregnancy loss, renal or hepatic diseases, and antiphospholipid syndrome were excluded. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted the data and assessed the quality of the studies. Results were combined descriptively and analyzed using a standardized Excel form. Main results: We included 25 studies with a total of 1885 patients (862 with PE and 1023 with healthy pregnancy). Any MPs level was found no significant difference between PE and healthy pregnant patients in the second trimester. However, CD31-marked EMPs, RMPs and MPs from placenta are significantly elevated in the third trimester of preeclampsia, while CD41-marked PMPs is significantly decreased. After postpartum, tMPs and EMPs were found no significant difference between PE and healthy pregnant patients. Conclusion: MPs level is significantly associated with PE in the third trimester, but the association is dependent on its cell source and labeled marker.

Our aim is to show the supportive effect of Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa) extract on the bladder damage caused by cyclophosphamide(CYC) in the delayed period. For this purpose,the extract was evaluated in gas chromatography.Oral gavage(every other day) of A.melanocarpa was started one month after Wistar rats were given 100mg/kg CYC.After oral gavage repeated 15 times,sacrification was performed and the bladder tissue was examined histologically.P38 MAP Kinase,an inflammatory marker,total antioxidant(TAS) and oxidant(TOS) status were evaluated in serums and urines. There was no difference between the groups in terms of P38 MAPK,TAS, and TOS.In histology, while the histological damage continued in the injury group,A.melanocarpa tissue level improved in the treatment group. According to the experimental results,the fact that A.melanocarpa extract improves the histological damage caused by CYC in the delayed period,and the serum and urine findings were the same as the controls,brought up the therapeutic effect of A.melanocarpa in urotoxicity.

Component-based software engineering (CBSE) is becoming the frequently used approach for software development concerning time and cost constraints. While most people’s lifestyle depends on the use of software applications, the development cost and time of software applications are becoming more difficult to achieve. Also, high-quality and competent applications that fit users’ needs became essential. Therefore, most software development organizations are reusing commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) to reduce development costs and time. However, most organizations and developers face problems selecting components that fit customer needs to integrate with the target system. So, decisions regarding software component selection are hard to consider regarding the entire quality of the software system. This study aims to investigate the most important matters to software industry practitioners and experts involved in component selection. First, the author asked the practitioners to select the most important quality criteria for an online bookstore from a list by providing their subjective judgment and evaluation grades; after that, utilizing the evidential reasoning (ER) approach for software component selection problems due to its ability to analyze decisions with multilevel evaluations and information uncertainty. Moreover, the main features of the ER approach, such as weight normalization, probability assessment, dealing with uncertainty, and utility intervals, offer several advantages for COTS selection problems, including cost and time minimizing, improved software reliability, effectiveness, and efficiency. This study concentrated on assessing the quality criteria for an online bookstore using the ER approach. Analysis results are provided depending on the computational steps of this approach. Finally, the findings show the rank of the four components according to their weights, evaluation grades, and belief degrees for the selection.

Objective: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Extract (HSE) would increase arcuate nucleus Lep-R, NPY, and white adipose tissue β3AR mRNA expression in DIO rats. This study also analyzed the potency of H. sabdariffa bioactive compounds as an activator of Lep-R and β3AR. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups: Control (standard chow), DIO (HFD), DIO-Hib200 (HFD+HSE 200 mg/kg BW), and DIO-Hib400 (HFD+HSE400 mg/kg BW). HSE administration was administered orally for five weeks, once a day. Result: The administration of HSE significantly (P<0,05) increased the arcuate nucleus Lep-R expression, but not for the ARC NPY and WAT β3AR. The Lee index of DIO rats also significantly decrease (p<0,001 for a dose of 200 mg/kg BW and p<0,01 for a dose of 400 mg/kg BW) into the normal range (≤ 310). Among 39 bioactive compounds, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid has high free binding scores (-8,63) for Lep-R, and myricetin_3_arabinogalactoside has high free binding scores (-9,39) for β3AR. These binding predictions can activate Lep-R and β3AR. Conclusion: HSE increases leptin sensitivity and reduces obesity, and its bioactive compounds can activate the Lep-R and β3AR to regulate energy balance. HSE could be a potential therapeutic target for obesity.

Background: Lysinuric protein tolerance (LPI) is a rare autosomal, recessive, metabolic disease caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. It was first reported in the Finnish population in 1965, and involved multiple organ systems like the digestive, blood, respiratory, nervous, urinary and other systems, due to a defect in the transport of the dialkylamino acid plasma membrane. Case presentation: A girl with severe malnutrition, underdevelopment and a long-term history of hepatosplenomegaly, presented with recurrent fever, cough and shortness of breath. Computer tomography (CT) revealed that she had a considerable lung infection, and the results of laboratory tests showed that she had moderate anemia. The maximum value of type B natriuretic peptide (BNP) was 6076 ng/L (0-300). In this course, the blood ammonia was 85.5 μmol/L (11-40), the serum ferritin was 3827 ng/mL (10-120), the complement 3 was 237 mg/L (790-1520), complement 4 was 53.1 mg/L (100-400), the titre of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) was 1:320 and the anti-dsDNA antibody was positive. The patient died of severe pneumonia at 5 years old. A genetic test indicated that the patient’s SLC7A7 gene had a compound heterozygous mutation, including c.724T>C chr14-23248048 p.W242R and c.719C>T chr14-23248053 p.S240L, inherited from the patient’s father and mother, respectively. Conclusions: The patient was diagnosed with LPI with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and severe pneumonia, and her SLC7A7 gene had a compound heterozygous mutation.

AIMS: To analyze the clinical spectrum in Neonates with MIS-N based on the time of presentation and also to assess the use of immunomodulator therapy in MIS-N. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 100 neonates, delivered at BLDE (DU) Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital admitted to Level III-A NICU from JULY 2020 to MAY 2021. 98 neonates had high titers of Ig G antibodies and negative for COVID Antigen. We categorized the cohorts into EARLY MIS-N (<72 hrs) and LATE MIS-N (>72 hrs). RESULTS: 58 presented as EARLY MIS-N with Respiratory Distress in 40 (70%), cardiac dysfunction 34 (60%), PPHN 12(20%), Fever 12(20%), seizures 12(20%), encephalopathy in 6(10%), sepsis-like features 6(10%), had elevated inflammatory markers like CRP (30%), D-Dimer (70%), Ferritin (30%), cardiac biomarkers like BNP (60%), LDH (30%) and ECHO showing LV dysfunction in 50%. LATE MIS-N presented mostly with fever 28(70%), sepsis-like features 24(60%), Respiratory Distress in 16(40%), cardiac dysfunction 12 (30%), hypoglycemia 4(10%) parotitis 4(10%), had significantly elevated inflammatory markers like CRP (70%), D-Dimer (50%), Ferritin (70%), cardiac biomarkers like BNP (40%), LDH (20%) and ECHO showing LV dysfunction in 20%, dilated coronaries in 20 %, PPHN in 10%. Oxygen and respiratory support requirement was more in EARLY presenters and IVIG and steroid requirement was more in LATE presenters. CONCLUSION: We observed that maternal SARS COV2 antibodies transferred transplacentally and neonatal antibodies acquired after COVID 19 infection can cause MIS-N in neonates. The immunomodulator therapy is required in severe cases of MIS-N only.

This paper presents a low-power portable Digital VLSI architecture using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Water Quality Monitoring. The study uses Posit number representation to implement ANN on both FPGA and ASIC platform. The proposed ANN Posit architecture has 50% improvement over IEEE 754 in terms of Power and Silicon Area, and 13% improvement in speed it achieves the comparable accuracy. The same design using FPGA consumes 6 orders higher power than VLSI architecture.

Background: Numerous studies propose a tailored ablation strategy based on the identification of low-voltage zones (LVZs) for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF). Objective: We evaluated a systematic approach of a tailored PsAF ablation strategy (SATA) using an orthogonal mapping catheter. Method: This is a single center observational study comparing 36-month patient outcome of the SATA strategy with the outcome of a matching Control Group (CG) treated with wide antral circumferential ablation technique (WACA) and additional linear lesions . SATA consists of different phases. Firstly, during ongoing AF temporal stable and regular rotational activities get identified and treated together with isolation of pulmonary veins performed with WACA. Secondly during sinus rhythm PVI will be confirmed, and any gaps will be isolated together with treatment of LVZs compatible with non-compact atrial fibrosis. Results: WACA was the only treatment performed in 80.6% of the SATA patients versus 30.5% of the CG (p= 0.001). During the follow-up a lower mean number of AF recurrences per patient were observed in the SATA patients compared to CG. The Kaplan-Meier curve show significantly less first recurrence of AF in the SATA patients (log rank test 0.031). The analysis of all recurrences by means of the Incidence Rate and the Rate Ratio show that the risk per unit of time of having AF recurrence in the SATA patients is less than half compared to the CG (p=0.009). The performance analysis expressed by the success of all ablation procedures, demonstrated that in the SATA patients the risk of having a double procedure is less than one fifth compared to the CG (p=0.009). Conclusions: In our experience the SATA strategy was more effective than rigorous PVI and additional linear lesions.

CO 2-induced chloroplast movement was reported in the monograph by Gustav Senn in 1908: unilateral CO 2 supply to the one cell-layered moss leaves induced the positively CO 2-tactic periclinal arrangement of chloroplasts. However, from the modern criteria, several experimental settings are unacceptable. Here, using a model moss plant Physcomitrium patens, we examined basic features of chloroplast CO 2-tactic relocation with a modernized experimental system. The CO 2 relocation was light-dependent and especially the CO 2 relocation in red light was substantially dependent on photosynthetic activity. Between the cytoskeletons responsible for chloroplast movement of P. patens, the microfilament mainly worked for CO 2 relocation, but the microtubule-based movement was insensitive to CO 2. The CO 2 relocation was induced not only by air with and without CO 2 but also by the more realistic difference in CO 2 concentration between the two sides. In the leaves placed on the surface of a gel sheet, chloroplasts avoided the gel side and positioned in the air facing surface. This was also shown to be photosynthesis dependent. Based on these observations, we propose a working hypothesis that the threshold light intensity between the light-accumulation and -avoidance responses of the photorelocation would be increased by CO 2, resulting in the CO 2-tactic relocation of chloroplast.

Can We Trust the Force?Frank Pelosi, Jr., MD, FHRS, FACCAssociate Professor of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineCardiac Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MichiganCorresponding Author:Frank Pelosi, Jr, MD, FACC, FHRS1500 East Medical Center DriveAnn Arbor MI. 48109734-232-0112fpelosi@med.umich.eduKey words: contact force, radiofrequency ablationWord count: 1165 excluding referencesInvited manuscript for JCE-22-0822.R2

Neurodegenerative disorders continue to place the biggest strain on healthcare systems. Basic research is still being done on the molecular foundations of disease pathogenesis and initiation. Exosomes have only lately been connected to the onset and development of various neurodegenerative disorders. Exosomes, tiny extracellular vesicles with a bilipid coating around them, were once thought to be cellular trash that could help track the onset of neuro diseases. These ≤150 nm-diameter nano-vesicles contain significant non-coding RNA like circRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA; functional mRNA; and specific proteins and lipids. These vesicles can be used as a diagnostic indicator for early disease detection because the composition of exosomes is known to differ depending on their source and target cells. This article reviews exosomes’ biogenesis, composition, and roles in neuronal development, mental illness, and degenerative disorders. We also emphasize the possible use of neuronal exosomes as therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.

The metaverse, where the virtual and real world are fused, is currently under rapid development. Immersive and vivid experience in the metaverse requires human-machine interaction devices that, unlike those currently available, are simultaneously imperceptible, convenient to use, inexpensive, and safe. In this study, we propose and realize an optical-nanofiber-based gesture-recognition wristband that can accurately recognize gestures and use them to interact with a robotic hand. Requiring only three optical-nanofiber-based pressure sensors, the wristband is simple in structure, convenient to use, and remarkably imperceptible to the user. With the assistance of a machine-learning algorithm, a maximum recognition accuracy of 94% is achieved for testers with different physiques. A robotic hand can be remotely controlled by the wristband through gestures. The wristband has broad application prospects and is a promising solution for advanced human-machine-interaction devices.

The paper Reproducibility of the First Image of a Black Hole in the Galaxy M87 from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration by Patel et al. aims to reproduce the M87* imaging results presented by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) from observations made in 2017, as well as provide documentation and computational environments that allow others to reproduce the results more easily in the future. The paper gives an overview of the procedures used to generate the images, as well as clearly lays out what software and documentation is available by the collaboration and what is missing. The authors are able to qualitatively reproduce the results using scripts provided by the EHT collaboration, and quantitatively reproduce results that are similar to those presented by the collaboration. I recommend publication after addressing the following comments.

The content of dissolved gas in transformer oil is an important characteristic to reflect the operating condition of transformers. To overcome the problems that the traditional transformer oil chromatography gas prediction model cannot effectively use the older transformer oil chromatography data and it is difficult to track the transformer oil chromatography data under abnormal conditions and it can only rely on experience to adjust the model parameters, we introduce Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Attention Mechanism (APM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to construct the Attention-PSO-GRU prediction model. The experimental results show that the Attention-PSO-GRU model can reach 97.9% accuracy in predicting the normal transformer oil chromatography data and has a better tracking ability for the abnormal transformer oil chromatography data. Therefore, the Attention-PSO-GRU model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of transformer oil chromatography gas prediction, which has practical significance for preventing transformer faults and ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems.

With the fast development of renewable energy, system operators intend to require renewable energy generation to have more grid support capabilities to ensure the safe operation of AC grid. This paper studies the grid-connected control strategy of a battery-free medium-voltage DC (MVDC) system with distributed photovoltaic generation units (DPVGUs), aiming to realize the rapid grid support function to AC grid frequency. Firstly, a master-slave coordinated control (MSCC) strategy of DPVGUs is proposed. Under this strategy, the master DPVGU with the maximum dynamic output characteristics adopts an improved DC constant voltage control (DCCVC) strategy to maintain the MVDC bus voltage, and the remaining DPVGUs adopt an improved droop control strategy to quickly provide corresponding power and can keep some reserve capacity for the MVDC system. Secondly, when the frequency deviation of AC grid exceeds the deadband of primary frequency control, DPVGUs with the MSCC strategy in the MVDC system can deliver responsive power to AC grid through MMC adopted fast frequency response control (FFRC) strategy, which can quickly provide frequency support to AC grid and help the grid bringing the frequency back quickly. Finally, simulations are carried out in RTDS to verify that the proposed control strategies are effective.

The definition of “boycott” attracts controversy in legislation, case law, and dictionaries. The paper questions what the worthy legal definition of “boycott” is. It examines and analyzes various sources on “boycott”. We conclude that the most distinctive characteristic of a “boycott” is omissions, such as refusal to provide services. The antithesis of omission is commission. Omissions signify allowing something to happen, whereas commissions signify causing it to happen. Because boycotts concern omissions, they entail less legislative interference with the boycotter’s right of autonomy. Yet, the autonomy of the boycotters should be restrained when they coerce the boycott’s targets; coerce others into boycotting; or target innocent third parties. We propose to adopt the following definition: a boycott is an intentional refusal to participate in a certain activity as a voluntary statement of disapproval that targets the disapproved-of party. It does not necessarily include coercion. It may be conducted in combination with others or individually. Simply labeling a certain behavior as a “boycott” does not make it one. It is critical to determine whether the protest in question is a boycott.

Correspondence addresses are widely used in e-commerce logistics, government registration, financial transportation and other fields. The analysis and aggregation of communication addresses is an essential service. However, in practical applications, the address text has the characteristics of free writing, many default aliases, and a strong locality, which cause some difficulties in identifying addresses. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a DCF model (Dropout and Constrained Features) combined with an entity extractor (referred to as ENEX) using a baseline BERT model, to perform named entity recognition on Chinese address element data. In this paper, we use hierarchical learning rate setting and learning rate decay strategies to improve the accuracy of recognition and adversarial training to improve the robustness of the model. Compared with the BERT-CRF model, the F1 value of our model is enhanced by 4.15% in the Chinese address element parsing dataset, and its F1 value can reach 93.34%. This proves the effectiveness of the ENEX-DCF model in Chinese address element recognition.

Genomics can play important roles in biodiversity conservation, especially for Extinct-in-the-Wild species where genetic factors can influence total extinction risk and probability of successful reintroductions. The Christmas Island blue-tailed skink (Cryptoblepharus egeriae) and Lister’s gecko (Lepidodactylus listeri) are two endemic reptile species that went extinct in the wild shortly after the introduction of a predatory snake. After a decade of management, captive populations have expanded from 66 skinks and 43 geckos to several thousand individuals; however, little is known about patterns of genetic variation in these species. Here, we use PacBio HiFi long-read and Hi-C sequencing to generate contiguous reference genomes for both species, including the XY chromosome pair in the skink. We then analyze patterns of genetic diversity to infer ancient demography and more recent histories of inbreeding. We observe high genome-wide heterozygosity in the blue-tailed skink (0.007) and Lister’s gecko (0.005), consistent with large historical population sizes. However, nearly 10% of the skink reference genome falls within long runs of homozygosity (ROH), resulting in homozygosity at all major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, whereas we detect only a single ROH in the gecko. We infer from the ROH lengths that related skinks may have established the captive populations. Despite a shared recent extinction in the wild, our results suggest important differences in species’ histories and implications for management. We show how reference genomes can provide evolutionary and conservation insights in the absence of resequencing data, and we provide a resource for future population-level and comparative genomic studies in reptiles.