Three oleogeletors molecules (Triacontane (TC), Stearic acid (SA), and Behenyl Lignocerate (BL)) were studied individually, in pairs, or all together to make an oleogel using triolein as the oil. WAXS, SAXS and USAXS were used to elucidate the solid structures from angstroms to a few micrometers. A two-dimensional mapping of atomic positions for each molecule was carried out to understand the crystalline multilayer structures formed. We assumed that the molecules were rigidly extended and that they underwent no significant (hindered) rotations so that the free energy is determined by the Lennard-Jones interactions of closely-packed multilayers. TC molecules were predicted to form a tilt angle of θt ≈ 33°, yielding a SAXS line at q≈ 0.194 Å-1, in acceptable agreement with the measured q=0.181 Å-1.For SA crystals θt ≈ 33° (predicted) yielding a SAXS line at q=0.150 Å-1 compared to q=0.159 Å -1 (observed). No mixed crystals were observed for any pair of molecules or when all three were used. USAXS data showed that SA forms large nanocrystals compared to TC and BL. All three combinations of molecular pairs showed basic scatterers smaller or similar to those of individual molecules. The theory presented here, together with the experimental results, showed why no mixed crystals are formed from two or all three molecules. Data from the USAXS region suggested that, when using all three molecules, a more compact fractal structure was obtained, compared with those if one or two of the molecules were used.

Oleogelators are molecules that, when combined with edible oils can form semi-solid materials. Although many molecules have been tried as oleogelators in the last 20 years, much is still unknown. Here, the molecular structure of two possible oleogelators: triacontane (TC) and behenyl lignocerate (BL) were studied using a mathematical model for each molecule and carrying out computer simulation using the Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) algorithm in which the only interaction is via Lennard-Jones dispersion forces. The computer simulation explored the possibility of having either rigidly-extended molecules or twisted ones via the formation of gauche bonds. The results showed that both TL and BL molecules create a monolayer that did not include any gauche bond so that all molecules were effectively rigidly extended. The effective thickness of the monolayer was compared with experimental data and with the predictions of Peyronel et al. (in review) which assumed that the molecules were rigidly-extended. The work reported here justified that assumption. The conclusion was that the TC and BL molecules must be packed with a tilt angle in relation to the methyl group plane to match the experimental data. The angle of TC tilt was calculated to be ~27° which essentially confirms that reported by Peyronel et al. (in review).

Today’s healthcare system relies on MRI (medical resonance imaging) for early diagnosis and treatment planning. For open MRI systems to achieve resolutions of about a hundred microns, a high voltage is required, as well as a specialized power supply. NP0 (Negative-Positive-Zero) ceramic is selected for the fabrication of adjustable capacitors. Specifically, it stands for which is a classification based on the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) of the ceramic material used in the capacitor. NP0 capacitors have a TCC of 0 ±30 ppm/°C, which means that their capacitance value does not change significantly with temperature and frequency. They are known for their stability and low losses, making them ideal for applications that require high accuracy and reliability, such as timing circuits for RF applications. In this paper, MgTiO-CaTiO ceramic is used to make an adjustable capacitor with desired properties for MRI systems. To enhance the dielectric properties of MgTiO3 ceramics,CaTiO3 was added in varying concentrations. After pressing and sintering, the resulting samples were tested using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 130 MHz.The adjustable capacitor fabricated using high co-fired NP0 ceramic may have been used for MRI applications such as tuning circuits and matching networks, where precise capacitance values and low loss are critical[1]. MRI systems with resonance frequencies of 128 MHz require trimmers with ceramic cores.

Excess nitrate and sediment, mobilized by precipitation events and transported into surface waters, is a global water quality challenge. Recent advances in high frequency, in-situ water quality monitoring sensors have created opportunities to investigate constituent concentration dynamics during short-term hydrological changes. In this study, we characterized the event-scale variability of nitrate ( NO 3 -   ) and turbidity (a surrogate for sediment transport) in two large agricultural watersheds of the Upper Mississippi River Basin using hysteresis loop characteristics to determine sources and dominant transport mechanisms. We then applied factor analysis to detect variable groupings and thus determine controls on nitrate and sediment dynamics. We found that NO 3 -   hysteresis behavior was consistent between the two watersheds and demonstrated distal contributions and/or late-event mobilization and flushing that was controlled by the characteristics of the event hydrology (such as, event duration and magnitude of event discharge). In contrast, turbidity hysteresis loops indicated sediment delivery differed between the two watersheds; the smaller watershed with more diverse land use demonstrated consistent early-event flushing or rapidly responding pathways whereas the larger, more agricultural watershed showed variability between dilution vs. flushing as well as delivery pathways between events. This dynamic behavior as well as the magnitude of the hysteretic response was principally related to the time lag between turbidity and discharge peaks for the smaller site, and to the event peak discharge and subsequent stream erosive power at the larger site that switched behavior. This result is critical for watershed water quality management especially in the context of a changing climate and further underscores the utility of high-frequency sensors monitoring data to offer deep insights into hydrological processes controls on contaminant transport and delivery.

"Effective epidemiological surveillance is essential for monitoring and controlling the spread of infectious diseases during pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of timely and accurate surveillance, and the need for real-time data sharing to inform public health decision-making. This article provides an overview of epidemiological surveillance in pandemics, including the key principles, methods, and technologies used to collect, analyze, and disseminate data. The article also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with pandemic surveillance, including the need for global coordination, standardization of data collection and reporting, and the ethical considerations of data sharing. By understanding the principles and challenges of epidemiological surveillance in pandemics, public health officials and policymakers can develop effective strategies to detect, prevent, and control the spread of infectious diseases."

Omicron BF.7 became the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in Beijing after the adjustment of COVID-19 response strategies in December 2022. The ability of antibodies elicited by BF.7 infection to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2-like viruses is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2-related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V in sera from vaccinated and/or SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. All vaccinated individuals who recovered from Omicron BF.7 breakthrough infections exhibited substantially higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against GX_P2V among collected subject populations (geometric mean titer [GMT] = 362). Uninfected individuals who received four-mixed-dose vaccines also demonstrated higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (GMT = 44) against GX_P2V than those who received two- or three-dose vaccines and those who recovered from wild type SARS-CoV-2. This finding highlights the significance of prior and hybrid booster vaccinations with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in generating potent cross-protective immunity against future spillovers of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses.

Severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause the hyperproduction of inflammatory cytokines, which have pathological effects in patient including severe or fatal cytokine storms. To characterize the effect of SFTSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the production of cytokines in SFTS and COVID-19 patients, we performed an analysis of cytokines in SFTS and COVID-19 patients and also investigated the role of IL-10 in vitro studies: LPS-induced THP-1-derived macrophages, SFTSV infection of THP-1 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 infection of THP-1 cells. In this study, we found that levels of both IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly elevated, the level of TGF-β was significantly decreased and IL-10 was elevated earlier than IL-6 in severe and critical COVID-19 and fatal SFTS patients, and inhibition of IL-10 signalling decreased the production of IL-6 and elevated that of TGF-β. Therefore, the hyperproduction of IL-10 and IL-6 and the low production of TGF-β have been linked to cytokine storm-induced mortality in fatal SFTS and severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients and that IL-10 can play an important role in the host immune response to severe and critical SARS-CoV-2 and fatal SFTSV infection.

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype and cervical dysplasia in women older than 64 years, who are outside the Chinese cervical cancer screening age, has not been extensively studied. Here we conducted a retrospective analysis of women from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, aiming to provide meaningful advice for cervical cancer prevention and control in Guangzhou, China. In this study, the age-specific prevalence of any HPV genotypes showed a U-shaped pattern, and the second peak was observed among women >64 years, which was 19.27%. The top six HR HPV genotypes were HPV 16, HPV 52, HPV 58, HPV 31, HPV 33, and HPV 18. The persistence rate of any HPV in 24 months among women > 64 years was 33.33%, which was higher than that of women among <25 years age group (20.75%), and 25-64 years age group (20.46%). For HPV-positive women aged >64 years, the proportion of cervical cancer (16.47%) was obviously higher than that in women aged 25-64 years (2.41%) ( P<0.001). The infection of HPV 58 was the greatest risk factor for the occurrence of HSIL+ (OR 3.556; 95% CI, 1.107-11.415; P=0.032) in women aged >64 years, with HPV+/NILM. In conclusion, the burden of HPV infection in women >64 years is heavy in Guangzhou. Re-evaluate cervical cancer screening strategies for women after age 64 is needed. And HPV 16/18/52/58 genotype model may be an alternative triage strategy to discover HSIL+ among women aged >64 years, with HPV+/NILM.

In the wireless communication era, radio frequencies (RF) are always present in the surrounding environment. This availability of abundant RF energy ignites the idea of the RF energy harvesting concept. This concept coins the eco-friendly self-sustainable wireless communication links between two nodes. In this paper, RF energy harvesting components required to scavenge RF energy from ambient energy sources are reviewed and cost-effective, environment eco-friendly with high RF to DC conversion efficiency rectenna design challenges are also presented.

The wavenumber nonlinearity leads to blurred reconstructed images in frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT). Many k-linearization methods were studied which required multiple measurements or extra calibration devices. In this work, the wavenumber was linearized with only one interference spectrum of the mirror and without calibration devices. Based on the fact that the difference between the phases of adjacent peak and valley points is equal to π , the theoretical model was derived. The corresponding algorithm could be executed with eight steps. The experimental results revealed the validity of our method for FDOCT systems with various nonlinearities. For the spectral-domain OCT, the resolution was improved a few times compared with Attendu’s method, and it was one micron higher than that with the conventional interpolation. For the swept-source OCT, the resolution could be improved by ten microns.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a main etiology of various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. IR is a multi-factorial etiology disease regulated by various mechanisms. Obesity, a significant public health problem worldwide, is considered as a high-risk factor to induce IR and T2DM. Thus, inhibiting obesity-induced IR is one of the key therapeutic strategies to improve T2DM. Natural products from herbs and nutraceuticals have shown promising efficacy on obesity-induced IR and T2DM owing to its multi-component and multi-target characteristics. However, the active constituents and the action mechanisms are still not yet well elucidated. In this review, the natural constituents with protective capacities against IR were summarized. The active constituents include crude extracts such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, as well as monomeric compounds such as curcumin, berberine, capsaicin, naringenin, quercetin, betaine and isoliquiritigenin. The action mechanisms of these active constituents could be mainly divided into 4 categories: ameliorating metabolic abnormality, inhibiting inflammation, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, regulating micro RNAs (miRNAs). Their precise roles in regulating PI3K/AKT, AMPK, PPARs, SIRT1 and NF-κB pathways, brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, gut microbiota structure and composition and miRNA expression were discussed. The sources, chemical structures, experimental models, pharmacological effects and action targets of these active constituents were also summarized. This review provides new active constituents, therapeutic targets and reasoning for the clinical application of herbs and nutraceuticals in the treatment of IR and T2DM.

Introduction: The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has aided clinicians in the interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) serving as an essential tool to provide rapid triage and care. However, in some cases, AI can misinterpret an ECG and may mislead the interpreting physician. Therefore, we aimed to describe the rate of ECG misinterpretation and its potential clinical impact in patient’s management. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of misinterpreted ECGs and its clinical impact from May 28, 2020 to May 9, 2021. An electrophysiologist screened ECGs with confirmed diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF), sinus tachycardia (ST), sinus bradycardia (SB), intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD), and premature atrial contraction (PAC) that were performed in the emergency department. We then classified the misinterpreted ECGs as pseudo-AF, ST, SB, IVCD, or PAC into the correct diagnosis and reviewed the misinterpreted ECGs and medical records to evaluate inappropriate use of antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD), beta-blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), anticoagulation, or resource utilization of cardiology and/or electrophysiology (EP) consultation. Results: A total of 4,969 ECGs were screened with diagnoses of AF (2,282), IVCD (296), PAC (972), SB (895), and ST (638). Among these, 101 ECGs (2.0%) were misinterpreted. Pseudo-AF (58.4%) was the most common followed by pseudo-PAC (14.9%), pseudo-ST (12.9%), pseudo-IVCD (7.9%) and pseudo-SB (6.0%). Patients with misinterpreted ECGs were aged 76.6±11.6yr with male (52.5%) predominance and hypertension being the most prevalent (83.2%) comorbid condition. The misinterpretation of ECGs led to the inappropriate use of BB (19.8%), CCB (5.0%), AAD therapy (7.9%), anticoagulation (6.9%) in patients with pseudo-AF, as well as inappropriate resource utilization including cardiology (41.6%) and EP (8.9%) consultations. Conclusions: Misinterpretation of ECGs may lead to inappropriate medical therapies and increased resource utilization. Therefore, it is essential to encourage physicians to carefully examine AI interpreted ECG’s, especially those interpreted as having AF.

Objectives: To evaluate the difference of tip position determined by two types of maximal P wave of intracavitary electrocardiography (IC-ECG). Patients and methods: Patients with two major types of maximal P wave were allocated into two groups (P-max and P-alter). Tip positions were recorded on computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR). Demographic data, procedure time, catheter length, and final tip position were recorded and analyzed. Results: Two hundred and twenty patients were included, and 203 patients were eligible for final analyses. Maximal P wave may sustain for several centimeters (0-3 cm). Tip position determined by P-alter were mostly in upper atrium (80/102), and tip position determined by P-max were mostly on cavoatrial junction (52/101). Tip may move cephalad with patient’s position changed from supine to upright. Conclusion: Tip positions determined by P-alter were mostly in upper atrium, however both criteria are acceptable for tip positioning. Post operative imaging for tip position would better use CT. CXR may underscore catheter position determined by IC-ECG.

The paper focuses on the problem of formal synthesis of controllers for control-affine nonlinear systems against complex properties. Our goal is to design a closed-form control policy that guarantees the satisfaction of complex properties that are expressed using ( ω)-regular languages and equivalently recognized by Non-deterministic Büchi Automata (NBA). We propose leveraging a funnel-based control approach to provide a closed-form solution to the problem. Our approach decomposes the specification represented by NBA into a sequence of reachability problems which we solve using a funnel-based control approach. Controllers associated with each reachability problem are then combined to design a hybrid control policy enforcing the desired ( ω)-regular property. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results on room temperature control and mobile robot motion control case studies.

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants that contain chlorophylls and facilitate photosynthesis for growth and development. As photosynthetic efficiency significantly impacts crop productivity, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast development has been crucial in increasing grain and biomass production. This study demonstrates the involvement of OsGATA16, an ortholog of Arabidopsis GATA, NITRATE INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED ( GNC), and GNC-LIKE/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 ( GNL/CGA1), in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice ( Oryza sativa). The osgata16-1 knockdown mutants produced pale-green leaves, while OsGATA16-overexpressed plants ( OsGATA16-OE1) generated dark-green leaves, compared to their parental japonica rice. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to chloroplast division, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in the leaves of osgata16-1 and upregulation in those of OsGATA16-OE1. Additionally, in vivo binding assays showed that OsGATA16 directly binds to the promoter regions of OsHEMA, OsCHLH, OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsFtsZ, and upregulates their expression. These findings indicate that OsGATA16 serves as a positive regulator controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice.

The study was designed to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The nasal swab samples (n=708)1 of suspected patients from various districts across Punjab were collected between December 2021 to April 2022. The genome extraction was done using an auto-extractor (Uni-medica) in the BSL-3 facility. Reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for viral detection and quantification. For the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants, various mutations of spike protein were targeted using Multiplex PCR. The study’s results revealed the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) as the prevalent lineage of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the selected regions of Punjab at the time of sampling. The VOC accounted for 90.01% of COVID-19 cases, followed by Delta (6.81%) and wild variant (3.80%). Prevalence of Omicron (VOC) was recorded higher in men (47.96%) as compared to women (42.05%). In addition, the highest percentage of VOC was observed in adults (47.39%) as compared to older people (32.07%) and young people (10.55%). This study highlighted the circulation of the Omicron variant during 5 th wave of COVID-19 in Punjab Province, Pakistan.

Soil fungi are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, alter soil structure and physicochemical properties and drive the material cycle and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Grazing exclusion is one of the most common measures to restore degraded grasslands worldwide. However, changes in soil fungal community characteristics during grazing exclusion in different types of grasslands are unknown, and in particular, there is a lack of experimental evidence on the effects of grassland type and grazing exclusion on soil fungal diversity. Here, we investigate the effects of a 9-year grazing exclusion on soil properties, fungal community composition and diversity in three grassland types (Temperate desert, Temperate steppe and Mountain meadow). The results showed that soil fungal community composition differed between grassland types, and that grazing exclusion, grassland type and the interaction between the two did not significantly affect soil fungal α-diversity and composition, but significantly altered fungal β-diversity. Overall, our results highlight the importance of soil nutrient content on fungal diversity, particularly soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon, and provide key evidence to reveal the mechanisms by which soil fungi respond to grazing exclusion in different grassland types.

Backgroud Pregnant women are at high risk of developing febrile illness during the flu season. Early identification of a viral or bacterial infection is crucial in the management of febrile pregnant patients. Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) has been shown to have more important diagnostic value in sepsis than traditional inflammatory indicators. Methods The pregnant women enrolled were divided into three groups according to disease: influenza A infection, bacterial infection and healthy controls. Peripheral blood CD64, leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and human Th1/Th2-related cytokines levels were routinely measured. The correlation between and diagnostic value of the nCD64 index and other biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Pregnant women with bacterial infection had significantly elevated levels of leukocytes (8.4 vs. 5.95, 10^9/L; P=0.004), CRP (89.70 vs. 50.05, mg/ml; P=0.031), PCT (0.13 vs. 0.04, ng/ml; P=0.010), and TNF-α (0.46 vs. 0.38, pg/ml; P=0.012) and an elevated nCD64 index (12.16 vs. 0.81; P<0.001) compared to those with influenza A infection. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nCD64 index to discriminate bacterial infection among pregnant women (area = 0.9183, P < 0.0001) was the largest. The sensitivity and specificity of the nCD64 index at an optimal cut-off value of 3.16 were 84% and 100%, respectively, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94%. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the clinical value of the nCD64 index in distinguishing between bacterial infection and influenza A in pregnant women during the flu season.

Phloem sap transport, velocity and allocation have been proposed to play a role in physiological limitations of crop yield, along with photosynthetic activity or water use efficiency. Although there is clear evidence that carbon allocation to grains effectively drives yield in cereals like wheat (as reflected by the harvest index), the influence of phloem transport rate and velocity is less clear. Here, we took advantage of previously published data on yield, respiration, carbon isotope composition, nitrogen content and water consumption in winter wheat cultivars grown across several sites with or without irrigation, to express grain production in terms of phloem sucrose transport and compare with xylem water transport. Our results suggest that phloem sucrose transport rate follows the same relationship with phloem N transport regardless of irrigation conditions and cultivars, and seems to depend mostly on grain weight (i.e. mg per grain). When compared to xylem sap water movement, phloem sap velocity (in m s -1) was 5.8 to 7.7 times lower. Depending on the assumption made for phloem sap sucrose concentration, either phloem sap velocity or its proportionality coefficient to xylem velocity change little with environmental conditions. Taken as a whole, phloem transport from leaves to grains seems to be homeostatic within a narrow range of values and following relationships with other plant physiological parameters across cultivars and conditions. This suggests that phloem transport per se is not a limitation for yield in wheat but rather, is controlled to sustain grain filling.

Partner specificity is a well-known phenomenon in biotic interactions, but little is known about biotic and abiotic factors that determine specificity in plant-fungal associations. Using PacBio sequencing of soils from monospecific and mixed forest stands, we determined the predictors driving partner specificity in both ectomycorrhizal plants and fungi. Fungal guilds differed strongly in the patterns of partner preference and avoidance, and specificity to particular tree genera. Specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated in belowground communities, and most species preferred one of their partner trees - mostly at the plant genus level. Furthermore, all tree genera (sometimes species) displayed preference towards certain fungal groups. Partner specificity was unrelated to rarity of fungi or plants or environmental conditions except soil pH. Depending on partner taxon, specificity in fungi tended to increase with dominance and optimal pH of the partner tree genus and stand age. Partner tree richness and increased evenness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in multi-host communities promotes species richness. However, mainly partner-generalist fungi contribute to the high diversity in mixed forests. Our results further suggest that reforestation with mixed tree species promotes soil biodiversity, and that besides conserving mixed forests, protection of old pure stands may be particularly important for conserving partner-specific ectomycorrhizal fungi.

ZnO/PVA/CHI composite electrode with internal pore structure has been successfully prepared by cross-linking polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CHI). The resulting composite electrode exhibits a maximum anode dissolution current of 0.34A, 4.86 times higher than that of the pure ZnO electrode (0.07A).More importantly, the Rct of the composite electrode is 1.01Ω•cm2 for the composite electrode, which is lower than that of pure ZnO electrode (2.805Ω•cm2), attesting that the composite electrode possess a more favorable reaction rate. Moreover, the rechargeable battery assembled with composite electrode demonstrates a great improvement in charge/discharge efficiency and cycle stability. It remains over 80% of capacity retention even after 100 cycles, while that of pure electrode can only maintain this level less than 40 cycles. This proposed composting strategy herein may pay a way for the exploration of novel zinc anode for rechargeable zinc-air batteries with superior electrochemical performance.

Background: Parents of children and adolescents with chronic conditions have an increased risk of stress-related mental health problems, and reduced quality of life. Third wave Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) interventions have been shown to reduce stress in this parent population. Studies demonstrate that this efficacy endures when these therapies are delivered online. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the efficacy of internet-based third wave CBT interventions for parents of children and adolescents with chronic conditions, and their potential in reducing stress for the parents. Methods/Design: This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. A search of peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 1970 to December 2022 will be undertaken in the following databases: CINHAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO. Title and abstract screening together with data extraction will be completed by two reviewers, and will be arbitrated by a third reviewer, should there be any discrepancies. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data related to the primary outcome (i.e. reduction of stress in parents) will be extracted for analysis. Discussion: Third wave internet-based approaches show great promise in supporting parents cope with the stress/distress associated with parenting a child with a chronic condition. This protocol will guide a systematic literature review of the evidence for internet-based third wave interventions for the above parents. Registration: This systematic review was registered on on (Registration: ).

A document by Nelson Kemboi. Click on the document to view its contents.

In order to improve the mixing effect of the traditional Kenics static mixer, a new type of static mixer with a perforated structure added to the spiral insertion band of the existing mixer is proposed. The results show that the perforated structure can change the flow state of the fluid, and accelerate the flow in the perforated area, thus improving the mixing performance of the mixer. With the increase of the perforation diameter, the mixing performance of the mixer is gradually enhanced. However, when the perforation diameter continues to increase, the spiral channel inside the mixer is destroyed, and the mixing effect is weakened. Only changing the perforation spacing has no obvious effect on the mixing effect. For the same mixer length, the reduction of the length-diameter ratio of mixing unit leads to the increase of the number of mixing units, the better mixing effect of the mixer.