Leukemic retinopathy is a severe complication of severe leukocytosis that results from untreated chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Immediate cytoreduction via leukapheresis may reverse ocular manifestations and prevent permanent vision damage. We present a case of a patient with acute unilateral vision loss found to have leukemic retinopathy in the setting of

The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ 18O, δ 2H) of plant tissues integrates hydrological, physiological, and metabolic functions differently, which may allow disentangling reasons of tree mortality. To test this, we performed a greenhouse study and determined predisposing fertilization and lethal drought effects on δ 18O and δ 2H values of plant water and organic matter (OM) in leaf and woody tissues of living and dead saplings of five European tree species. Additionally, we measured physiological and metabolic traits. Compared to controls, drought reduced leaf gas-exchange, predawn water potential, and stem starch concentrations and increased δ 18O and δ 2H values of leaf and twig water in all tested species. These drought-induced changes generally caused an 2H-enrichment in leaf and tree-ring OM, but a low and heterogenous δ 18O response. δ 2H values of tree-ring OM were correlated with those of leaf and twig water across treatments and species. In contrast, the predisposing fertilization had generally no significant effect on any isotopic, physiological, and metabolic traits. We propose that the 2H-enrichment in the dying trees is related to (i) the plant water isotopic composition, (ii) metabolic processes shaping leaf non-structural carbohydrates , (iii) the use of carbon reserves for growth, and (iv) species-specific physiological adjustments. This stress imprint on δ 2H but not on δ 18O suggests that the further could be used as a proxy to understand mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality.

Studying groundwater flow systems is important for water resources management, for pollution prevention and for maintaining the ecological balance in arid and semi-arid areas. Systematic geophysics and hydrogeological investigations allow us to define the thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary layer, the lateral boundary of the groundwater system, and the depth and basement of water circulation. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes are used to gain insights into the recharge process, water-rock interactions, hydraulic characteristics and groundwater retention time and to identify groundwater flow systems at all levels in the Aksu River Basin. Owing to the dissolution of carbonate and gypsum minerals and evaporites, cation exchange between Ca 2+ (Mg 2+) and Na + (K +), and the evaporation-concentration effect, concentrations of specific ions (SO 4 2-, Cl -, Na +) and [total dissolved solids](javascript:;) (TDS) gradually increase along the flow direction and decrease with depth (indicating that they belong to different groundwater flow systems (GFSs)). Furthermore, interpretation of stable isotope concentrations such as δ 18O values suggests different degrees of depletion in the horizontal and vertical directions. Combined with the unique structural framework (namely the Wensu uplift, Wushi sag, and Awat sag), the particle size variation of loose sediments and the distribution and aggregation of phreatic water with high F and As and soil salinization show the existence of the surface-ground water interaction and the distribution pattern of multiple local GFSs. The vertical zonation of 3H and 14C isotope concentrations and estimates of groundwater [residence](javascript:;) time (modern to 24000 years) further illustrate the hydrodynamic cycle of the local and regional GFSs. The hydrodynamic and hydrochemical characteristics confirmed the distribution of GFSs and the complex mixing relationships between GFSs in the Aksu River Basin under the tectonic conditions since the Neogene in the South Tianshan Mountains.

A Case Report On Takayasu Arteritis In An Adult Male

Objective: To investigate the optimal range of quantitative ablation index (AI) value during superior vena cava (SVC) electrical isolation by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods: First, in a development cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the RFCA with 40W was performed to complete SVC isolation guided by the conduction breakthrough point from the right atrium to SVC. Then, the range of AI value was calculated by offline analysis on different segments of SVC. Lastly, for the validation of AF patients, the safety and effectiveness of SVC isolation with the optimized target range of AI value were evaluated with an additional adenosine test. Results: A total of 101 patients with AF were included in the study (44 patients in the development cohort / 57 in the validation cohort). The segmental ablation strategy was applied in 70% of the patients. According to the offline analysis of the AI values in the development cohort, the target AI value range was set as 350-400. The success rate of SVC isolation in the validation cohort was significantly higher than that in the exploration cohort (100% vs 90.9%, P = 0.02), and no complications occurred in the exploration cohort. During the adenosine test, the recovery rate of electrical conduction in SVC was significantly lower than that in the pulmonary vein (3.5% vs 17.5%). Conclusion: The target AI value with a range from 350 to 400 is safe and effective for high-power RFCA to complete SVC isolation.

Better understanding patients’ adherence to treatment is a prerequisite to maximize the benefit of healthcare care provision for patients, reduce treatment costs, and is a key factor in a variety of subsequent health outcomes. We aim to understand the state of the art of scientific evidence about which factors influence patients’ adherence to treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines in five separate electronic databases of scientific publications: PubMed, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Cochrane library (Ovid), Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search focused on literature reporting the significance of factors in adherence to treatment between 2011-2021, including only experimental studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials [RCT], clinical trials, etc.). We included 47 experimental studies. The results of the systematic review (SR) are grouped according to predetermined categories of the World Health Organization (WHO): Socioeconomic, Treatment, Condition, Personal, and Healthcare-related factors. This review gives an actual overview of evidence-based studies on adherence and analysed the significance of factors defined by the WHO classification. By showing the strength of certain factors in several independent studies and concomitantly uncovering gaps in research, these insights could serve as a basis for the design of future adherence studies and models.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of transvaginal cerclage for twins with cervical dilation or short cervix and to explore the indicated cervical length for transvaginal cerclage. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Two tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China. Population: A total of 177 twins with asymptomatic cervical dilation or cervical length ≤15 mm between 16 0/7 and 25 6/7 weeks. Methods: The logistic regression model and generalized estimation equation were used to compare the pregnancy outcomes between no-cerclage group and cerclage group followed by subgroup analysis of different cervical length. NNT and Kaplan‒Meier curves were used to estimate the efficacy of cerclage for twins in different groups. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was gestational age at delivery and the neonatal survival rate within 3 months after birth. The secondary outcomes were the gestational latency from diagnosis to delivery and the risk of preterm birth before 26, 28, 32 and 34 weeks of gestation. Results: Compared with no-cerclage group, the gestational age at delivery (32.09±4.50 vs. 28.29±6.20 weeks, p<0.000) and the gestational latency from diagnosis to delivery (10.86 [7.14,13.86] vs. 3.00 [0.50,10.29] weeks, p<0.000) were longer in the cerclage group. The rate of neonatal survival (86.43% [223/258] vs. 47.92% [46/96], p<0.000) in the cerclage group was significantly higher. In the subgroup of twins with cervical dilation or cervical length <10 mm, twins in the cerclage group had significantly longer gestational age at delivery (31.33±4.63 vs. 23.44±4.25 weeks, p<0.001) and gestational latency from diagnosis to delivery (9.07 [6.29-13.57] vs. 0.43 [0.29-1.71] weeks, p<0.001). For twins with cervical length of 10-15mm, although the gestational latency (12 [9.14-13.86] vs. 9.93 [6.29-12.29] weeks, p=0.037) was significantly longer, there was no difference in gestational age at delivery (33.05±4.16 vs. 32.40±4.33 weeks, p=0.300) or neonatal survival rate (87.72% [100/114] vs. 80.77% [42/52], p=0.238) between the two groups. Conclusion: Cerclage was associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes in twins with cervical dilation or cervical length <15 mm. More evidence is needed to confirm the efficacy of transvaginal cerclage for twins with cervical length of 10 - 15 mm.

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that in recent years has spread rapidly across all continents. The dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes, mainly of the Aedes aegypti species and, to a lesser extent, of the Aedes albopictus species. There are four distinct but closely related serotypes of the virus that causes dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). The present study evaluated and reviewd the temporal spreading and molecular evolution of dengue virus serotypes worldwide. A total of 1,581 dengue virus whole-genome sequences (WGSs) with available information from the country and sampling date (Jan/1944 – Jul/2022), were obtained. Bayesian coalescent analyses with dengue virus WGS were performed to study viral phylodynamic and phylogeography. The time of the Most Recent Common Ancestor (tMRCA) and 95% highest posterior density (HPD 95%) were estimated for each serotype. Bayes factor (BF) was determined to infer phylogeographic data. The results demonstrated that the tMRCA of DENV-1 was 1884-11-15 (HPD95%: 1882-01-28; 1890-08-27) in Southeast Asia, DENV-2 was 1723-01-29 (HPD95%: 1714-05-22; 1728-10-09) in Europe, DENV-3 was 1921-04-12 (HPD95%: 1918-05-25; 1924-03-13) in Southeast Asia, and DENV-4 was 1876-03-28 (HPD95%: 1865-08-02; 1899-08-27) in Southeast Asia. The molecular origin of the dengue virus was in Spain in 1682 (BF=38), later it was disseminated in Asia (Indonesia; BF=15) and Oceania (Papua New Guinea, BF=13) in 1847. After this period, the virus presented dissemination in Asia (Malaysia, BF=13; India, BF=28; and China BF=30) and in North America (USA; BF=35) in 1890. In South America, it was first disseminated to Ecuador in 1897 (BF=15) and then to Brazil in 1910 (BF=38). During this same period there were disseminations to countries such as Puerto Rico (BF=18) and to the African continent (Senegal; BF=14). After this period, the virus was widely disseminated, especially in the American and Asian continents. The dengue disease has had a significant impact on global health worldwide and the present study provides an overview of the molecular evolution of dengue virus serotypes (from 1944 to 2022).

We herein report a simple ether-directed iridium-catalyzed site- and enantioselective C(sp2)-H borylation of benzhydryl ethers for the first time. Various chiral benzhydryl ethers were obtained with high enantioselectivities in the presence of a tailor-made chiral bi-dentate boryl ligand. We found that the kinetic resolution relay significantly amplified the enantioselectivity. The synthetic utility of the current method was demonstrated by gram-scale C-H borylation and C-B bond transformations.

The tectonic interaction, linkage, and coalescence of propagating continental rift segments eventually create a through-going axial rift floor without which a break-up axis cannot develop. However, prior to linkage, interacting rifts are separated by a topographic basement-high (rift interaction zone, RIZ) which is progressively dismembered and down-thrown by the lateral propagation of rift-tip faulting and their hanging wall subsidence. Here, we explore the evolution of the Middle Shire and Nsanje RIZs located along three contiguous non-volcanic propagating rift segments: the southern Malawi Rift (SMR), Lower Shire Graben (LSG), and the Nsanje Graben (NG), East Africa. The Middle Shire RIZ is an overlapping-oblique divergent RIZ in which the NNE/N-trending SMR is propagating southwards into the shoulder of the NW-trending LSG, whereas the Nsanje RIZ is a tip-to-tip oblique RIZ in which the LSG has propagated southeast into the northern tip of the N-trending NG. We utilize field observations and a landscape evolution model with implemented fault displacement fields of two contiguous RIZs with contrasting geometries, to simulate their geomorphic evolution, and apply a static stress model to evaluate the stress transfer patterns during RIZ evolution. The model results provide insights into the natural observations in the study area, in which, with progressive extension and tip growth, the Middle Shire RIZ maintains minor basement down-throw and an unequilibrated axial stream profile, which contrasts the widespread basement burial and equilibrated axial stream profile across the Nsanje RIZ. Modeled static stress distribution predicts compounding stress concentrations at tip-to-tip RIZs (synthetic border fault interactions), favoring brittle strain localization and rift coalescence, and stress relaxation at overlapping divergent RIZs (antithetic border fault interactions), favoring stalled rift coalescence. We argue that RIZ and rift border fault geometries, and their kinematics strongly influence the pace of rift coalescence by modulating the spatial distribution of tectonic stresses necessary to promote rift-linking deformation.

Objective: Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is gynecological malignancy. Prognostic classification of EOC remains challenging, and the role of molecular markers in predicting prognosis is unclear. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) has been associated with poor prognosis in several malignancies. Here, we investigate the expression of CDK1 in EOC and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: We used bioinformatics, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of CDK1 in EOC. The correlation between CDK1 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-square test. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox analyses. Results: CDK1 was identified as a hub gene associated with EOC using bioinformatics analysis. CDK1 was significantly overexpressed in EOC compared to endometriosis lesions. Positive cytoplasmic CDK1 expression was associated with poor Disease-specific overall survival (HR=4.579, p=0.005) and poor Progression-free survival (HR=4.333, p=0.003). Cytoplasmic CDK1 expression was an independent predictor of Disease-specific overall survival (p = 0.035). Cytoplasmic CDK1 expression and FIGO stage were independent predictors of Progression-free survival (p = 0.013, p = 0.048). Conclusion: Positive cytoplasmic CDK1 expression was associated with advanced FIGO stage and poor prognosis, and was an independent predictor of Disease-specific overall survival and Progression-free survival. Our results suggest that CDK1 expression may be a useful prognostic marker for EOC.

China’s investment in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region has boosted economic growth and infrastructure development, lowered commodity prices, raised employment and income levels, improved the quality of life locally, and made significant contributions to the region’s economic and infrastructure development. However, many politicians, scholars, and western media claim that China is just a looter of the country’s raw materials. Therefore, this paper takes the contribution role of China’s investment to examine the perspective of the host citizens’ views by using the survey, which matches 699 respondents, and let us investigate the role played by China’s investment in ECOWAS countries. Our finding is of great significance to objectively and fairly analyze China’s regional investment.

Performing afib ablation combined with the placement of the Watchman device for LAA occlusion has been evaluated before, with results showing evidence of safety and ability to perform (6). This can save time and materials allowing patients to have two procedures simultaneously, preventing repeating exposure to possible risks that come with general anesthesia and transseptal puncture, and decreasing the total length of hospital stay (7-8). In this case, especially we proceeded with the combined procedure due to difficulty in obtaining access associated with total interruption of IVC and the obligation to use alternative non-conventional ways as the transhepatic access that may lead to higher risk upon repeating.

A document by Reynaldo Jr. Balintona. Click on the document to view its contents.

In south-western Punjab, we investigated how the soil organic C (TOC) pool changed over time in undisturbed sand dunes and adjacent field, along with its labile and non-labile fractions, their relationships to micronutrient fractions, and the biological characteristics of the soil (India). To explore the effects of land use changed from sand dunes to intensive rice-wheat cropping system (RCWS) the soil samples were collected from both the undisturbed sand dunes and the adjacent fields converted to farmland about 30 years ago. The results showed that in comparison to RCWS soils, the TOC pools under sand dunes remained lower by ~2.5 g C kg -1 (about 86.2%) but, their active C pools (Fract. 1 + Fract. 2) were significantly better (by about 0.67 g kg -1; 40.4%). Similarly, the passive C pool (Fract. 3 + Fract. 4) was significantly higher in RCWS soils by ~3.1 g kg -1 (about 239%), compared with the sand dunes. The passive C comprised ~81.7% of TOC pool in RWCS soils that was only ~44.0% in sand dunes. Following land-use change, the RWCS fields gradually increased the TOC stocks by ~75% as compared to sand dunes. In RWCS, the soil alkaline-phosphatase (Alk-P) and dehydrogenase (DHA) activities was significantly higher by 4.6 to 6.7 times than the sand dunes. Besides, Micro-nutrients cations (e.g. Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and their transformations were also higher by ~1.7, 1.8, 2.9 and 5.2-times, respectively in RWCS than sand dunes. Likewise, total-Zn, total-Fe and total-Mn fraction in RWCS soils was ~77.3%, ~90.4% and ~64.4% higher than their respective contents in sand dunes. After 30 years of continuous RWCS system, the soil quality index increased from 0.23 to 0.97.These results clearly showed that due to increased soil microbial activities, the RWCS have significant potential to sustain C and build-up of micro-nutrients cations hence, underpins the clear signs of soil sustainability in south-western region of the Indian Punjab.

In May 2022, several countries reported mpox cases from patients without history of traveling to endemic areas. France was one of the most affected European countries. In this study, we described the clinical characteristics of mpox cases in France, and studied the genetic diversity of the virus. Patients diagnosed with mpox infection (qPCR ct<28) between 21 th May and 4 th July 2022 and between 16 th August and 10 th September 2022 were included to this study. Twelve amplicons corresponding to the most polymorphic regions of the mpox genome and covering ~30,000 nucleotides were generated and sequenced using the S5 XL Ion Torrent technology to evaluate the genetic diversity of mpox sequences. One hundred and fourty-eight patients were diagnosed with mpox-infection. 95% were men, 5% transgender (M-to-F), 50% were taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, and 25% were HIV seropositive. One hundred and sixty-two samples were sequenced and compared to GenBank sequences. Thirty-two distinct mutational patterns were identified. Overall, low genetic diversity of mpox sequences was found compared with pre-epidemic Western-African sequences, with 32 distinct mutational patterns. Our results provide a first glance at the mutational landscape of early mpox 2022 circulating strains in Paris (France).

Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been described as a causative agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that occurs mainly in rural areas of Brazil. However, the circulation of VACV in urban environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored. Moreover, the current Mpox outbreak has raised questions regarding the immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to better understand the prevalence of anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) in a susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9% (CI95%=13.4–21.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800 NU/ml. The prevalence of NA among vaccinated individuals (≥36yo) was 24.9% (IC 95%=19.5–31.2), and among those unvaccinated (<36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95%=3.7–11.8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥36yo and the presence of vaccine take were independently associated with the presence of anti-OPV NA. Our findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better strategies in order to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among vulnerable populations.

Next-generation sequencing of pooled samples (Pool-seq) is a popular method to assess genome-wide diversity patterns in natural and experimental populations. However, Pool-seq is associated with specific sources of noise, such as unequal individual contributions. Consequently, using Pool-seq for the reconstruction of evolutionary history has remained underexplored. Here we describe a novel Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) method to infer demographic history, explicitly modeling Pool-seq sources of error. By jointly modeling Pool-seq data, demographic history and the effects of selection due to barrier loci, we obtain estimates of demographic history parameters accounting for technical errors associated with Pool-seq. Our ABC approach is computationally efficient as it relies on simulating subsets of loci (rather than the whole-genome), and on using relative summary statistics and relative model parameters. Our simulation study results indicate Pool-seq data allows distinction between general scenarios of ecotype formation (single versus parallel origin), and to infer relevant demographic parameters (e.g., effective sizes, split times). We exemplify the application of our method to Pool-seq data from the rocky-shore gastropod Littorina saxatilis, sampled on a narrow geographical scale at two Swedish locations where two ecotypes (Wave and Crab) are found. Our model choice and parameter estimates show that ecotypes formed before colonization of the two locations (i.e., single origin) and are maintained despite gene flow. These results indicate that demographic modeling and inference can be successful based on pool-sequencing using ABC, contributing to the development of suitable null models that allow for a better understanding of the genetic basis of divergent adaptation.

Pufferfish is common in marine, brackish and freshwater habitats in Bangladesh. Pufferfish poisoning sporadically occurs due to the consumptions of toxic pufferfish throughout the country. A study was conducted for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Bangladeshi pufferfish using two markers, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes. A total of 34 barcode sequences (19 COI & 15 16S) from 30 collected specimens representing six species and four genera. The mean length of the sequences were 644 bp and 613 bp for COI and 16S, respectively. The average %GC content was 50.06 for COI which was higher compared to the 16S rRNA (46.61). Average Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances within species was found as 0.29 ± 0.01 for COI and 0.70 ± 0.06 for 16S rRNA. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis of COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the corresponding species were clustered together in the same clade. Cluster sequence analyses result revealed five Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). DNA based identification of the rest puffer species of Bangladesh with multiple sequences and phylogenetic relationship remains to be established.

1. Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently improved our understanding of biodiversity patterns in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the complexity of these data prevents current methods to extract and analyze all the relevant ecological information they contain. Therefore, ecological modeling could greatly benefit from new methods providing better dimensionality reduction and clustering. 2. Here we present two new deep learning-based methods that combine different types of neural networks to ordinate eDNA samples and visualize ecosystem properties in a two-dimensional space: the first is based on variational autoencoders (VAEs) and the second on deep metric learning (DML). The strength of our new methods lies in the combination of several inputs: the number of sequences found for each molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU), together with the genetic sequence information of each detected MOTU within an eDNA sample. 3. Using three different datasets, we show that our methods represent well three different ecological indicators in a two-dimensional latent space: MOTU richness per sample, sequence α-diversity per sample, and sequence ꞵ-diversity between samples. We show that our nonlinear methods are better at extracting features from eDNA datasets while avoiding the major biases associated with eDNA. Our methods outperform traditional dimension reduction methods such as Principal Component Analysis, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for dimension reduction. 4. Our results suggest that neural networks provide a more efficient way of extracting structure from eDNA metabarcoding data, thereby improving their ecological interpretation and thus biodiversity monitoring.

The bacterium Treponema paraluisleporidarum causes syphilis in Lagomorphs. In a set of 1,095 samples from four species – European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), Corsican hare (Lepus corsicanus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – we genotyped the strains that infect wild lagomorphs. Samples originate from Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Czech Republic and Italy. The phylogenetic analyses of two informative gene targets (tp0488 and tp0548) showed high genetic diversity among the lagomorph-infecting treponemes. More specifically, we found a high number of nucleotide variants and various short repeat units in the tp0548 locus which have not been described for human syphilis and primate yaws causing Treponema pallidum. While the functional aspect of these short repeat units remains subject to ongoing investigations, it likely enables the pathogen to better survive in its lagomorph host. Our data did not support any geographic clustering which is equally reflected in the host population genetics as shown by mitochondrial genome data corresponding to the sampled lagomorph populations. This is unexpected and in contrast with what has been shown for nonhuman primate infection with T. pallidum. In the future, the combination of multi-locus sequence typing and WGS from modern and ancient samples from a wide geographic range and multiple lagomorph species will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology and evolutionary path of lagomorph-infecting treponemes. In conclusion, our current study demonstrates a high genetic variation of the syphilis-causing pathogen in a higher number of positively PCR-tested European lagomorphs (n=496/1095).

Eucalyptus snout beetles (Curculionidae: Gonipterus scutellatus complex), native to mainland Australia and Tasmania, defoliate Eucalyptus trees and are considered important pests. Since the 19th century, species of the G. scutellatus complex have been introduced to other continents. Here, we document the presence of Eucalyptus snout beetles in Ecuador and use ecological niche models to analyze their potential distribution in South America. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences unambiguously demonstrated that the Ecuadorian specimens belong to the species G. platensis, which has low genetic diversity compared with other species in the complex. Ecological niche models revealed several areas of high to intermediate climatic suitability for the pest in South America, even in countries where it has not been registered, like Peru and Bolivia. Accurate identification of species in the Gonipterus scutellatus complex and understanding of their potential distribution are essential tools for improved management and prevention tactics.

Aiming at the problem of crosstalk between microstrip lines, a method of reducing crosstalk by using Cross-Shape Resonators (CSR) structures is proposed. On the premise of not changing the spacing of microstrip lines, this method adds CSR structures between the coupled microstrip lines to increase the capacitive coupling and thus to suppress the far-end crosstalk. Based on the analysis of the equivalent circuit of CSR structure, the parameters simulation and verification are carried out by ADS and HFSS software. Through HFSS simulation and physical test of the designed CSR structure, the results show that: the CSR structure can significantly reduce the far-end crosstalk by about 15 dB in the frequency of 0~10GHz, and the maximum can reach 43 dB. Compared with 3W crosstalk reduction method and RectangularShape Resonators (RSR) crosstalk reduction method, the crosstalk reduction effect is improved.

Abstract: The laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a highly accurate air-to-ground weapon that offers several benefits. Specifically, it has a high hit rate, significant power, and is straightforward to use. Despite these advantages, LGBs are guided by semi-active lasers, which can be affected by atmospheric conditions. As a result, their spatial release region (SRR) is challenging to calculate accurately, particularly in situations with poor visibility or limited field of view. To address this issue, a new method for determining the SRR is proposed, based on a model of the 1.06 μm laser’s transmittance through the atmosphere and the diffuse reflection of the target surface. This approach allows for the calculation of the capture target time of the laser seeker, as well as the starting position of the ballistic space boundary. By utilizing flight test data such as instantaneous velocity, altitude, off-axis angle, and atmospheric visibility, this method can generate a more precise estimate of the SRR. Ultimately, this can improve the accuracy of LGBs in challenging atmospheric conditions by up to 9.2%.