Objective This study aims to determine the incidence of episiotomy in Kasr Alainy OBGYN Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Objectives include identifying factors influencing the incidence of episiotomy. Design This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 1, 2022 and June 30, 2022, to determine the incidence of episiotomy among vaginal deliveries in the hospital. Setting Data was collected from patient charts at Kasr Alainy OBGYN Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Patient Sample The total number of patient charts inspected was 1731, of which 1545 met the inclusion criteria. Methods Data was manually collected from patient hospital records at the end of each day, and entered into a standardized data-collection form. The data collected was then statistically analyzed using SPSS. Main Outcome Measures The overall incidence of episiotomy was found to be 64%. Results The overall incidence of 64%, broken-down by gravidity, it was found that the incidence of episiotomy is 97% in primigravid patients, and 52% in multigravida patients. Several other associated factors were reviewed. Conclusions The incidence of episiotomy at Kasr Alainy OBGYN Hospital is greater than the WHO recommended rate. Further research is recommended to study the indications of episiotomy and collect information regarding how episiotomy affects patients’ perineal health and quality of life. This will aid in drawing evidence-based conclusions regarding the advantages and drawbacks of episiotomy, and how its incidence changes over time. Funding This research received no external funding. Keywords episiotomy; vaginal delivery; Egypt; Middle East; Africa; gravidity; maternal age; gestational age; cervical diameter; gestational weight

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in patients undergoing total laryngectomy (TL) at a single institution. Design: Retrospective analysis the symptoms and risk factors for pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy in a general hospital from 2011 to 2021. Results: PCF occurred in 27 patients (20.0%, 27/135). In medical history, neck dissection (OR=6.202; 95% CI 2.204-17.453; [P=0.001]) and BMI (OR=1.284; 95%CI 1.096-1.504; [P=0.002]) were associated with the occurrence of PCF. In the preoperative experimental examination, ALP (OR=1.075; 95%CI 1.032-1.12; [P=0.001]) and LY% (OR=1.186; 95%CI 1.063-1.322; [P=0.002]. Factors commonly associated with PCF, such as age, male gender, preoperative radiotherapy, low hemoglobin, smoking and inflammatory markers, were not statistically significant in this study. Conclusion: Our data portray the primary factors as a patient’s BMI is greater than 19.38, an LY% greater than 30.05, and an ALP greater than 78.5 and neck dissection were associated with an increased risk of PCF. This study shows a critical balance in adjusting the sensitivity and specificity of guidelines to improve patient outcomes.

Background：Allergic diseases are increasing globally, including in China. This poses challenges to public health. Our study aimed to investigate allergens in children from Sichuan Province and their impact on dermatitis, rhinitis, and asthma. Methods：This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 3204 pediatric patients aged 0-9 years at XXX. Serum samples were collected and tested using a microfluidic-based enzyme-linked immunoassay. The analysis focused on detecting allergen-specific immunoglobulin E for 20 food allergens and aeroallergens. Results：In this study, the proportions of children allergic to at least one allergen varied across different age groups. For children aged <1 year, 1-3 years, and 3-9 years, the proportions were 40.40%, 68.54%, and 37.66%, respectively. Boys showed a higher susceptibility to atopic allergies compared to girls (P<0.001). The prevalence of both food allergens and aeroallergens was high among the study participants. Among the food allergens, egg white (52.25%) and cow’s milk (39.33%) were the most prevalent, while Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (41.88%) and Dermatophagoides farina (35.23%) were the most commonly observed aeroallergens. The intensity scores of food allergens decreased with increasing age, while the intensity scores of aeroallergens exhibited the opposite trend. The population attributable risk (PAR) of atopy for dermatitis was lower in the 3-9 years age group (40.10%) compared to younger children (<1 year: 63.40%; 1-3 years: 65.10%). Conclusions：The prevalence of atopic allergies varies with age and gender. Additionally, the intensity of food allergens and aeroallergens shows an age-related pattern. The proportion of dermatitis, rhinitis, and asthma that can be attributed to atopy remains consistently high across all age groups. However, there are differences in the population attributable risk (PAR) of atopy for dermatitis and asthma among different age groups.

Background: Lean healthcare methodology has been applied in healthcare institutions to process management and waste reduction, focusing on reviewing processes based on three organizational principles: patient, time and value. The current research sought to explore optimization opportunities in the management of pharmaceutical stocks in a Brazilian public hospital through the utilisation of a lean healthcare approach. Methodology: Firstly, the sector as well as the dynamics that compose the processes within the organization were studied, which led to the elaboration of a set of value flow mappings to identify the main sources of system waste and the respective improvements demanded. Once the main sources of waste were identified, a multi-criteria decision model was developed to prioritize action plans for their elimination or reduction. Results: As a result, improvements were proposed to address the main system needs, directing the organization towards a more assertive and efficient optimization process. The multi-criteria model supported the decision maker with the ordering of action plans to be implemented according to the sector conditions and needs. The action of setting specific units for the sourcing of each type of supply was classified as a priority, as the value stream map (VSM) carried out identified several units supplying the same stock items, bringing inconsistency in the stock value. Conclusion: It was possible to detect the singularities involved in the processes of lean approach implementations in hospital systems, displaying its optimization potential for complex systems, at the same time that it presents alternatives to eliminate waste and reduce supply disruptions and storage costs. Ethic statement: Not applicable

Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) comprises about 550 species and especially in the Neotropical region where this genus is highly diverse few studies of palynological characterization have been conducted. To better understand the pollen morphology of the genus, pollen grains of 25 species were examined, of which one belongs to Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia and 24 to Aristolochia subgenus Aristolochia (three of Aristolochia series Thyrsicae; eight of Aristolochia series Hexandrae subser. Anthocaulicae, and 13 of Aristolochia series Hexandrae subseries Hexandrae). Pollen grains are radially symmetrical, apolar, inaperturate and spheroidal. Under SEM, ornamentation patterns of the exine are fossulate (19 species), fossulate-areolate (four species), microfossulate (one species) and verrucate (one species). Most species have pollen with perforated surface except A. gibertii, A. holostylis, A. pohliana, and A. ridicula. Results corroborate that the micromorphological features, such as pollen shape and aperture absence are similar in all species of Aristolochia, but for some species exine ornamentation might be useful for taxonomic distinction at the species level.

At present, the main way to deal with the gas well effusion is to use the over-effusion prediction model to calculate the critical fluid carrying velocity and other factors, which provides data support and theoretical basis for the drainage process, so as to achieve the effect of bringing the effusion out of the wellbore. When the prediction results of the hydrops prediction model are biased, hydrops will be generated at the bottom of the wellbore, resulting in a decrease in gas well productivity. Aiming at the problem that the drag coefficient of the wellbore droplet movement model changes greatly in the process of natural gas production, which leads to the error of the wellbore effusion prediction, the commonly used droplet models and the common drag coefficient models are analyzed and evaluated. Considering that the fitting method of the commonly used drag model has different applicability for each Reynolds number region, the literature review, calculation and verification methods are used. The area with the highest fitting accuracy of each method is divided and sorted, and the model is selected. Compared with the model obtained by the partition and the existing drag model and the experimental value, it is found that the model can effectively reduce the average error rate between the calculated results and the experimental value, and can be better applied to the turbulent area and the highly turbulent area, and is more consistent with the actual working condition.

RATIONALE: Many chemical processes operate at unsteady state and require a rapid mass analysis of transients with high resolution. An atmospheric pressure interface multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (API-MRTOF-MS) has the potential to be a powerful process analytical tool. METHODS: The ion flight path of the API-MRTOF-MS was extended from meters to over one kilometer, and the mass resolution was increased to an ultra-high level. Furthermore, the mass analysis could be done at around ten milliseconds due to the rapidity of TOFMS. The mass analyzer reflects ions via electrostatic mirrors and directs them along a folded flight path, significantly increasing flight distances and theoretically with no upper limit. The powerful API, equipped with two quadrupoles, makes the API-MRTOF-MS suitable for complex mass spectrometry methods with alternative ion selection schemes. RESULTS: A mass resolution of 116,050 for Cs + ions is achieved within a total time-of-flight of only 18 ms. An ion transmission efficiency of over 50% was achieved after 600 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the API-MRTOF-MS demonstrates that it is exceedingly suitable for high-resolution process analysis, particularly for transient process analysis, due to its fast analysis speed and high-selectivity.

RNA editing converts cytidines to uridines in the RNAs transcribed from the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in flowering plants. Multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) complex is discovered to be highly associated with C-to-U RNA editing activity of vascular plant editosome. However, mechanism of MORF9 mediating plastid RNA editing controlling plant development and in response to environmental cues remains limited. In this study, we found that loss of MORF9 function impaired PSII efficiency, NDH activity, and carbohydrate production, rapidly promoted nuclear gene expression including sucrose transporter and sugar/energy responsive genes, exhibiting a retard seedling development under sugar starvation condition. When exogenous application of sugar increased transcript and protein level of MORF9 and MORF2 in wild-type, and enhanced the decreasing of matK-706C, accD-794C, ndhD-383C and ndhF-290C RNA editing efficiency in morf9 mutant, and partially recovered altered cell division of root meristem zone, and nuclear gene expression in morf9 mutant. Using gin2, snrk1, morf9 single and double mutants and overexpressing SnRK1 (KIN10) or HXK1 in morf9 mutant background genetically addressed that RNA editing efficiency of ndhD-383C and ndhF-290C sites was declined in the gin2morf9, that of matK-706C, accD-794C, ndhD-383C and ndhF-290C sites was significantly declined in the snrk1morf9, while overexpressing HXK1 or SnRK1 promoted RNA editing rate of matK, accD, ndhD, and ndhF in leaves of morf9 mutant，indicating that HXK1 might require for MORF9 mediating ndhD-383C and ndhF-290C editing, SnRK1 only require for MORF9 mediating ndhF-290C site editing. It suggests that sugar as an energy/sugar signal impairs MORF9 mediating plastid RNA editing affecting plant root development.

Background: The significant role of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and D-Dimer as prognostic factors in patients with some blood malignancies has been reported recently. Aim: We designed and performed a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic roles of RDW and D-Dimer in subjects with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar up to 30 April 2023 to look for publications on prognostic effects of RDW and D-Dimer in DLBCL patients. For investigation of the associations between RDW and D-Dimer with the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the DLBCL cases, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used. Results: We included 13 eligible studies in the present meta-analysis. The results of pooled analysis showed that increased levels of RDW was related to poor OS (HR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.62-2.48, P value<0.01) and poor PFS (HR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.85, P value<0.01) among the DLBCL patients. On the other hand, a significant relationship was found between increased D-Dimer and poor OS (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.03-5.14, P value<0.05) of the DLBCL patients as well. Conclusion: Our finding clearly confirmed that elevated RDW levels and D-Dimer were associated with adverse OS and PFS in DLBCL.

VO2(B) is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its accessible raw materials and considerable theoretical capacity. However, the VO2(B) electrode has inherent defects such as low conductivity and serious volume expansion, which hinder their practical application. Herein, a flower-like VO2(B)/V2CTx (VO@VC) heterojunction was prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method with in situ growth. The flower-like structure composed of thin nanosheets alleviates the volume expansion, as well as the rapid Na+ transport pathways are built by the heterojunction structure, resulting in long-term cycling stability and superior rate performance. At a current density of 100 mA g-1, VO@VC anode can maintain a specific capacity of 276 mAh g-1 with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.7% after 100 cycles. Additionally, even at a current density of 2 A g-1, the VO@VC anode still exhibited a capacity of 132.9 mAh g-1 for 1000 cycles. The enhanced reaction kinetics can be attribute to the fast Na+ adsorption and storage at interfaces, which has been confirmed by the experimental and theoretical methods. These results demonstrate that the tailored nanoarchitecture design and additional surface engineering are effective strategies for optimizing vanadium-based anode.

While the role of selection in divergence along the speciation continuum is theoretically well understood, defining specific signatures of selection in the genomic landscape of divergence is empirically challenging. Modelling approaches can provide insight into the potential role of selection on the emergence of a heterogenous genomic landscape of divergence. Here, we extend and apply an individual-based approach that simulates the phenotypic and genotypic distributions of two populations under a variety of selection regimes, genotype-phenotype maps, modes of migration, and genotype-environment interactions. We show that genomic islands of high differentiation and genomic valleys of similarity may respectively form under divergent and parallel selection between populations. For both types of between-population selection, negative and positive frequency-dependent selection within populations generated genomic islands of higher magnitude and genomic valleys of similarity respectively. Divergence rates decreased under strong dominance with divergent selection, as well as in models including genotype-environment interactions under parallel selection. For both divergent and parallel selection models, divergence rate was higher under an intermittent migration regime between populations, in contrast to a constant level of migration across generations, despite an equal number of total migrants. We highlight that interpreting a particular evolutionary history from an observed genomic pattern must be done cautiously, as similar patterns may be obtained from different combinations of evolutionary processes. Modelling approaches such as ours provide an opportunity to narrow the potential routes that generate the genomic patterns of specific evolutionary histories.

Transition from secukinumab to adalimumab in COVID-19-Induced psoriasis flare-up treatment: a case reportAbstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to trigger systemic inflammation and elicit immune responses, which may disrupt the delicate balance of cytokines involved in psoriatic regulation. Compared to other therapies in dermatology, biologics used for immune-mediated dermatological diseases have been more extensively studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we report a case of flare-up of previously well-controlled psoriasis shortly after infection with COVID-19, with treatment transition from secukinumab to adalimumab.Keywords: COVID-19; psoriasis; flare-up; adalimumab; secukinumab

A document by Noor Alhuda Alkawkji. Click on the document to view its contents.

Author´s informationAuthor: M.Sc Hesli de Sousa Holanda. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (84) 99819-7539. Email: hesli.holanda.090@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2623-1945Author: Ph.D Thayla Amorim Santino. Affiliation: State University of Paraíba, UEPB, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Address: Baraúnas St., 351, University Neighborhood. Postal code: 58429500, Campina Grande/ PB. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (83) 99942-4386. Email: thaylaamorim@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-762XAuthor: B.sc Maria Clara Almeida Jácome. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (84) 99621-2690. Email: clarinha.jacome@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/.0000-0002-4651-3560Author: B.sc Juliana Cirilo Soares de Souza. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (84) 99924-1048. Email: julianacirilossouza@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org0000-0001-6486-2329Author: M.sc Joubert Vitor de Souto Barbosa. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (83) 99910 1789. Email: jvbsouto@gmail.com . ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-0672Author: Ph.D Sande O. Okelo. Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Email: SOkelo@mednet.ucla.edu.Author: Ph.D Cecília M. Patino. Affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Email: Cecilia.Patino-Sutton@med.usc.edu. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-2157Author: M.sc Cleia Teixeira do Amaral. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Email: cleiaamaral2212@yahoo.com.br. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6583-9921.Author: Ph.D João Carlos Alchieri. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Email: jcalchieri@gmail.com. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-8519.Corresponding author: Ph.D Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de Mendonça. Affiliation: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil. Address: Lagoa Nova University Campus. Postal code 59078900, Natal/RN. Brazil. Tel.: +55 (84) 99128-1772. Email:karla-morganna@hotmail.com . ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5734-3707This study was partially funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – Brazil (CAPES).Title resume: Psychometric properties of the PACCI - eletronic

Evaluation is the systematic collection and analysis of data to make judgments about a software system’s value, worth or quality. The authenticity or accuracy of any software system is based on evaluation techniques. If the evaluation technique covers more features for evaluating a software system, then it will be beneficial for determining the proposed system’s accuracy, validity, and reliability. The ROUGE score metrics and their variants are utilized for evaluating text summarization models. While ROUGE metrics are suitable for extractive approaches, they are inadequate for abstractive approaches as it rely on exact word matching. Therefore, we have proposed a new variant of the ROUGE metric called ROUGE-SS, which also considers word’s synonyms in addition to exact matches. Our experiments have shown that ROUGE-SS is more effective than other variants of ROUGE scores. The f1-score of proposed ROUGE-SS metric is increase by an average of 8.8%.

Approved treatments for patients with refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) high-risk (HR) neuroblastoma are limited, and there is a high unmet need for new treatment combinations. The Atrium Health Levine Children’s Hospital pediatric oncology solid tumor team has successfully treated ten patients with R/R HR neuroblastoma with the anti-disialoganglioside 2 antibody naxitamab with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and four patients with naxitamab and GM-CSF in combination with cyclophosphamide and topotecan. Antibody therapy with chemoimmunotherapy was well tolerated in the four heavily pre-treated patients with R/R HR neuroblastoma who had few treatment options and overall poor prognosis.

Background: Following a locally transmitted case in Sukhbaatar city, Selenge province, we conducted a study with two objectives. First, we aimed to estimate the basic reproduction number of COVID-19, leveraging the epidemiological and clinical characteristics observed in the first 67 confirmed cases. Second, we aimed to model the outbreak considering different patient profiles - asymptomatic, symptomatic, and pre-symptomatic - with the goal of predicting the ultimate scale of the epidemic in the scenario of uninterrupted transmission. Methods: We conducted a prospective case study following the WHO FFX cases generic protocol. The rapid response teams collected the surveillance data from November 14–29, 2020. We created a stochastic process to draw many transmission chains from this greater distribution to better understand and make inferences regarding the outbreak under investigation. Results: The majority of the cases involved household transmissions (35, 52.2%), work transmissions (20, 29.9%), index (5, 7.5%), same apartment transmissions (2, 3.0%), school transmissions (2, 3.0%), and meetup transmissions (1, 1.5%). The posterior means of the basic reproduction number of both the asymptomatic cases, R_0^Asy and pre-symptomatic cases R_0^Pre (1·35 [95% CrI 0·88−1·86] and 1·29 [95% CrI 0·67−2·10], respectively), were lower than that of the symptomatic cases. Conclusion: Our study highlights the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission across different symptom statuses and underscores the importance of early identification and isolation of symptomatic cases in disease control. Detailed contact tracing data with advanced statistical methods, can be applied to other infectious diseases, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of disease transmission dynamics.

For decades, molecular biologists have been uncovering the mechanics of biological systems. Efforts to bring their findings together have led to the development of multiple databases and information systems that capture and present pathway information in a computable network format. Concurrently, the advent of modern omics technologies has empowered researchers to systematically profile cellular processes across different modalities. Numerous algorithms, methodologies, and tools have been developed to use prior knowledge networks in the analysis of omics datasets. Interestingly, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that the source of prior knowledge can greatly impact the results of a given analysis. For these methods to be successful it is paramount that their selection of prior knowledge networks is amenable to the data type and the computational task they aim to accomplish. Here we present a five-level framework that broadly describes network models in terms of their scope, level of detail, and ability to inform causal predictions. To contextualize this framework, we review a handful of network-based omics analysis methods at each level, while also describing the computational tasks they aim to accomplish.

A woman with single coronary.She underwent aortic valve replacement.But aortic annulus abscess occurred 2 years later. We performed aortic root replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting using the Freestyle valve and saphenous vein graft. The patient was discharged and has visited us as an outpatient without relapse of infection.

Abstract: A patient with atrial fibrillation admitted for an elective electrical cardioversion. He was given an amiodarone bolus that triggered Kounis syndrome with cardiac arrest (CA) and refractory shock needing mechanical support with ECMO and refractory hypoxemia that improved with inhaled nitric oxide. Allergy to amiodarone was later confirmed.IntroductionAtrial fibrillation is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia. Some studies revealed benefits in maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with AF, especially in young patients (1). Electrical cardioversion is an option when pharmacological cardioversion fails.Kounis syndrome (2) is a rare disease that consists of an allergic coronary syndrome, it usually presents as an ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. It requires emergent coronary angiography with intracoronary vasodilators infusion and angioplasty if required. We present an unusual form of Kounis Syndrome triggered by endovenous amiodarone that underwent with cardiorespiratory arrest and refractory shock due to the vasospasm. In this situation mechanical circulatory support with ECMO was necessary to ensure tissue perfusion. Specifically, in the in-hospital cardiac arrest, ECMO implantation is an expanding therapy and is showing promising results.

The present study addresses the effects of reference price on various competitive dual-channel collecting (CDCC) structures to select the proper reverse channel for collecting products used. To this end, we develop three price optimization models, including manufacturer and retailer competitive collecting (M-R model), retailer and third-party competitive collecting (R-3P model), and finally, manufacturer and third-party competitive collecting (M-3P model). The optimal pricing and collection decisions are made in all the models based on the reference price. The results showed that the M-R model was the best and most effective structure in terms of the market price, collection rate, and network total profit. The developed decision optimization models benefit the game theory approach, especially Stackelberg game modelling, to guarantee the equilibrium condition of network players. To examine the effects of reference price on equilibrium decisions, we compare the optimal conditions obtained by the mentioned models with the lack of reference price situation. The result indicates that the wholesale price, retail price, manufacturer and retailer profit, as well as network total profit, are larger in dual-channel collection models without reference price. However, the collection rate of the collector agent, total collection rate and third-party collector profit increase in the presence of reference price. Conclusionally, in the situations that sustainability considerations are a serious concern, models that consider the reference price are preferable. Finally, sensitivity analyses are conducted to validate the performance and applicability of the proposed price optimization models.

Aims: The objective of this study is to underline the impact of Gaming Disorder on the clinical evolution of patients with First Episode Psychosis. The specific aims of the study are to determine the prevalence of gaming disorder among those patients and assess the consequences of gaming on their clinical trajectory. Methods: This is a prospective multicenter cohort study that will enroll 800 patients diagnosed with a first episode psychosis, with a follow-up period of up to 3 years. Using a systematic screening procedure for gaming disorder, the clinical staff will assess patients gaming habits at admission and every 6 months thereafter. Information from patients’ medical records will also be extracted using the same timeframe. Results: The patients’ characteristics at admission and during follow-up will be presented in the form of descriptive statistics and compared between different subgroups of patients using uni- and multivariate logistic regression models. Repeated measures ANCOVA will also be performed to analyze the impact of gaming disorders on patients’ clinical path as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale, considering covariates such as psychiatric diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, age, sex/gender, and duration of untreated psychosis. Conclusion: These findings will guide the development of prevention, detection, and treatment strategies for the comorbidity between gaming disorder and first episode psychosis, ultimately improving the patients’ recovery.

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are produced by plants to overcome environmental challenges, both biotic and abiotic. We were interested in characterizing how autumn seasonality in temperate and subtropical climates affects typical PSM production in comparison to herbivory. Herbivory is commonly measured from spring to summer when plants have high resource availability and are prioritizing growth and reproduction. However, autumn seasonality also challenges plants as they cope with limited resources and prepare survival for winter. This suggests a potential gap in knowledge on how autumn seasonality affects PSM production differently from herbivory. Using meta-analysis, we recorded production of 22 different PSM subgroups from 58 published papers to detect a typical response across all PSMs. We also compared production of five phenolic subgroups – hydroxybenzoic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins. We calculated effect sizes from herbivory studies (absence to presence) and temperate to subtropical seasonal studies (summer to autumn), while considering other variables (e.g., plant type, increase in time since herbivory, temperature, and precipitation). We did not detect a shared effect of herbivory or season on PSM production across all subgroups. However, we discovered herbivory having a positive effect on flavonol production and autumn seasonality having a positive effect on flavan-3-ol and condensed tannin production. We discuss how these responses might stem from three factors: 1. some PSMs are constitutively produced by plants in autumn whereas others are induced only following herbivory, 2. plants produce metabolites with higher costs only during seasons when other resources for growth and reproduction are less available, and 3. some PSM subgroups serve more than one function for plants and such functions can be season dependent. The outcome of our meta-analysis is that autumn seasonality changes PSM production differently from herbivory, and we see value in further investigating seasonality-herbivory interactions with plant chemical defense.

Introduction Studies about the duration of the humoral and cellular response following the bivalent booster administration are still scarce. We aimed at assessing the humoral and cellular response in a cohort of healthcare workers that received this booster. Material and methods Blood samples were collected before the administration of the bivalent booster from Pfizer-BioNTech and after 14, 28, 90, and 180 days. Neutralizing antibodies against either the D614G strain, the delta variant, the BA.5 variant, or the XBB.1.5 subvariant were measured. The cellular response was assessed by measurement of the release of interferon gamma (IFNγ) from T cells in response to an in vitro SARS-CoV-2 stimulation. Results A substantial waning of neutralizing antibodies was observed after 6 months (23.1‐fold decrease), especially considering the XBB.1.5 subvariant. The estimated T 1/2 of neutralizing antibodies was 16.1 days (95% CI=10.2–38.4 days). Although most participants still present a robust cellular response after 6 months (i.e., 95%), a significant decrease was also observed compared to the peak response (0.41 versus 0.95 UI/L, p=0.0083). Conclusion A significant waning of the humoral and cellular response was observed after 6 months. These data can also help national competent authorities in their recommendation regarding the administration of an additional booster.