Aquatic ectotherms often reach smaller body sizes at higher temperatures. By analysing ~15,000 coastal-reef fish surveys across a 15oC spatial sea surface temperature gradient, we show mean community-level fish length decreased by ~5% for each 1oC warming, equating to a decrease in mean community-level body-length by 50%, or mean weight by 90% from 14-29oC. We further show dominant trophic guild composition shifts from invertivores and piscivores, to herbivores and planktivores, as water temperature increases. By investigating the contribution of trophic-composition to overall community-mean-length, we show ~25% of temperature-related changes could be attributed to trophic-composition at the warmest sites, but close to zero at colder temperatures. Our findings suggest that small changes in temperature will lead to large changes in fish community body sizes, driven both by changes in community trophic composition in warm waters, and by changes to the average body sizes of fish within trophic guilds across all temperatures.

Emergency departments are vital units that work full-time, serve critically ill patients and provide immediate emergency care according to the triage code of the admitted patients. The efficient operation of emergency services depends on adequate human and medical resources and early planning efforts. The increase in the intensity of emergency services due to covid-19, which is a biological disaster, has limited the effective use of resources and planning studies. The patient density in the emergency services can endanger the lives of the patients and disrupt the service if no preparation is made. For this reason, it is important to organize emergency service units according to patient estimates, to reduce the density, to provide the service at an optimum level, to provide ease of planning and management, to use medical and human resources effectively, and to patient satisfaction. This study was conducted to predict patient arrivals in the emergency department in the context of meteorological data. This study, hourly forecasting results are obtained using estimation methods seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMAX), artificial neural network (ANN), nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs with exogenous regressionists (NARX). For the study, patient arrival data from a training and research hospital for December 2021 and meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, and wind were used. The performance of the estimation plot using multiple methods was measured by the mean absolute percent error (MAPE). The SARIMAX model showed a better performance than other methods in terms of prediction accuracy with a MAPE value of 31%.

The Demographic Buffering Hypothesis (DBH) predicts that natural selection reduces the temporal fluctuations in demographic processes (such as survival, development, and reproduction), due to their negative impacts on population dynamics. However, a comprehensive approach that allows for the examination of demographic buffering patterns across multiple species is still lacking. Here, we propose a three-step framework aimed at identifying and quantifying demographic buffering. Firstly, we categorize species along a continuum of variance based on their stochastic elasticities. Secondly, we examine the linear selection gradients, followed by the examination of nonlinear selection gradients as the third step. With these three steps, our framework overcomes existing limitations of conventional approaches to identify and quantify demographic buffering, allows for multi-species comparisons, and offers insight into the evolutionary forces that shape demographic buffering. We apply this framework to mammal species and discuss both the advantages and potential of our framework.

The fabrication of nano-silver joints was done using the pressureless sintering technology to suit the demand of high-power electronics. Porosity of 10.6% and shear strength of 39.6 MPa were reached under the optimized parameters of 300℃ sintering temperature and 45 min residence time. The sintered joint demonstrated good mechanical/thermal/electrical performance in reliability testing, including the temperature cycling test, second sintering test, steady-state lifetime test, and intermittent lifetime test. This study demonstrated the viability of pressureless sintering of nano-silver joints with good high-temperature reliability, which has significant application potential for aeronautical power electronics.

Pertaining to the diversity and constantly evolving nature of the population in India, there is a need for indigenous approaches to mental health intervention (Thomas, Sandhu & Jain, 2020; Hossain & Purohit, 2019). Practitioners have reported effectiveness of combining religious and cultural concepts from texts like Ramayana, folk tales and yoga in understanding client beliefs and motivating change (Bhide, Kurhade, Jagannathan, Sushrutha, Sudhir and Gangadhar, 2021; Ramsahay, Sasidharan, Thulasi & Rawat, 2023). The past decade has observed significant changes in the domain of psychology and psychiatry in India (Sharan & Tripathy, 2021). In this light, the present study aimed for a narrative literature review on approaches and models of mental health intervention suggested effective for the Indian population based on its socio-cultural context. The results reveal the use of culturally relevant vernacular concepts, practices, cultural systems and alternative healing practices like yoga and spirituality to make counselling and psychotherapy effective.

The Astyanax mexicanus complex include two different morphs, a surface and a cave adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala, and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave-adapted ecotypes. Here, using RAD-seq and genome-wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, and gene flow events between the cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations, to estimate the time and mode of evolution of the cave-adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal vs. environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave-adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analyzed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflected the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.

Background: In this research we aimed to demonstrate the clinical-radiological and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia despite having COVID-19 vaccine compared to unvaccinated patients. Materials-Methods: Patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 clinic between February 2022 and August 2022 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical features and treatment results furthermore COVID-19 vaccination status of the cases were recorded. The cases were divided into two groups as those with and without the COVID vaccination and compared respectively. Results: A total of 215 cases were included in the study, 53.5% (n=115) were vaccinated. The presence of comorbid chronic diseases and cancer was less in the unvaccinated group. The duration of hospitalization was longer in the unvaccinated group(9.6 and 7.1 days, respectively). The number of segments affected were significantly higher in the unvaccinated group(p<0.05). Patients who received high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in the unvaccinated group was higher (28 cases vs. 11 cases; p<0.001).). The 11.3% (13/115) of the patients in the vaccinated group deceased, whereas 14% (14/100) in the unvaccinated group. Vaccination was found to be an independent factor affecting mortality (p=0.034 CI: 0.108 - 0.918). Conclusion: The vaccinated cases were who were infected with COVID-19 had shorter duration of hospitalization and lower severity of radiological involvement. The requirement of pulse steroids were also less compared to unvaccinated individuals. Despite having chronic diseases and cancer, which is considered to have a significant effect on mortality in COVID-19. Additionally although the vaccinated group was older, they had similar mortality rates with unvaccinated subjects.

Objectives: The study focused on the relationship of individuals’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 outbreak in social media networks and the frequency of social media use associated with the outbreak with e-health literacy and COVID-19 preventive health behavior. Methods: The data of the study were obtained by applying the survey method. The data were collected using the convenience sampling technique. Within the scope of the study, 773 survey data were obtained. A mediation analysis using multiple regression was performed for the analysis of the data. Results: The results obtained in the analysis, the attitudes of individuals towards social media during the epidemic has a significant and positive predictive effect on e-health literacy (R2: 0.1468, F: 133.223, p <0.05) and preventive health behavior (R2: 0.0489, F: 39.621, p <0.05). Conclusion: In the analysis conducted, the attitudes towards social media of individuals has significant and positive effects on e-health literacy and preventive COVID-19 health behavior. In addition, it was concluded that individuals’ frequency of social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak had a positive and significant relationship with e-health literacy and COVID-19 preventive health behavior.

Phyllosphere microorganisms are essential for plant growth and health, notably through their action on nitrogen fixation and pathogens control. However, whether and how the composition of phyllosphere communities vary with plant traits and leaf age remain still unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing to explore the phyllosphere microbial diversity and composition communities in needles of different ages (i.e., originating from different cohorts) for three evergreen coniferous species (Pinus koraiensis, Picea asperata and Abies fabri). We then assessed the relationships between the composition of phyllosphere microorganisms and needle traits. The results showed that needle age explained relatively well the phyllosphere microbiome α diversity, whereas tree species identity explained the phyllosphere microorganisms β diversity. The changes in the composition of phyllosphere microbial communities between newly-formed and perennial needles were greatest in Pinus koraiensis. Overall, Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant in newly-formed needles. Plant traits such as leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf mass per area (LMA) and total phosphorus content (TP) were the main predictors of phyllosphere community. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of community assembly among different evergreen tree species and provide a better understanding of the interactions between plant traits and phyllosphere microorganisms during needle ageing.

Background: Respiratory infectious viruses, such as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, are highly transmissible and undergo rapid genetic evolution, which leads to the emergence of multiple subtypes with diverse mutation patterns. However, detecting and differentiating between these subtypes present significant challenges in the field of respiratory virus surveillance. Methods: To address these challenges, we developed a novel detection approach that integrates amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) with molecular beacon probes. The ARMS-PCR primers were designed to selectively amplify specific subtypes by targeting adjacent mutation sites, while the molecular beacon probes allowed for further discrimination of the amplified products. This combined approach effectively addressed the issues of non-specific binding and improved detection accuracy. Results: Our method demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in the identification and differentiation of respiratory virus subtypes. Using real-time fluorescence PCR, we achieved a detection limit of approximately 106 copies/mL. Moreover, through the direct analysis of fluorescence signals, we further enhanced the sensitivity to a detection limit of 104 copies/mL. This robust and accurate detection approach is capable of identifying and differentiating between respiratory virus subtypes, including those with complex mutation patterns. Conclusions: The integration of ARMS-PCR and molecular beacon probes is a reliable and efficient solution for the rapid and precise monitoring of evolving respiratory infectious diseases, and it has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and effective control measures. Further research is needed to expand the application of this detection method to other respiratory viruses and optimize its workflow for clinical and public health settings.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Psychological trauma can affect vulnerable individuals, groups, communities and even generations, and the cause of psychological trauma can be broadly categorized as those caused by human activity or through natural causes . PTSD heavily impacts the physical and mental health of these individuals as well as their socioeconomic relationships. The relationship between psychological trauma and its link with PTSD and later suicide has been well documented in clinical literature. This current systematic review looks at identifying and understanding the risk factors that lead to PTSD, as well as and the association between PTSD and suicide.. We also draw focus on the veteran population because these military personnel are more likely to experience psychological trauma through their professional activities like war and combat and personal risk factors such as childhood trauma. Studies have identified pre-, peri-, and post-traumatic risk factors. Pre-traumatic risks include genetic predispositions, sociodemographic factors, medical history of disease, and history of combat; peri-traumatic factors refer to deployment experiences; and post-traumatic factors include combat injuries, lack of social/economic support systems and medical comorbidities. Clinical biomarkers have also been used to diagnose and prognosticate PTSD, which we also discuss in this review. Understanding PTSD risk factors can lead to early treatment of PTSD and, as a result, prevent the progression to suicide.

Title: Novel Variant c.7795-1G>A of COL7A1 Gene in a 12-month-old Female Child with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis BullosaType of article: Case ReportAuthors: Francesca CAROPPO1,2, Fortunato CASSALIA1, Anna BELLONI FORTINA1,2Affiliations:Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.Pediatric Dermatology Regional Center, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, ERN Skin, ItalyCorresponding Author: Francesca Caroppo, MD Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Padova, Italy Via Vincenzo Gallucci 4, 35121, Padova, Italy e-mail:francesca.caroppo@outlook.itKeywords: Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa, DEB, Epidermolysis Bullosa, EB, Congenital diseases, genetic diseases, mutation, rare skin diseasesWord count: 664Tables: NoneFigure: 2References: 9Patient Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal’s patient consent policy.Conflicts of interest: NoneAcknowledgements: NoneAuthor Contributions: All authors contributed to designing and conducting the work, drafting, and revising the manuscript and approved the final version for submission.

Introduction:Pericardial syndromes are not uncommon manifestations in clinical practice [1]. About 5% of all patients admitted to the emergency department with the chief complaint of chest pain, are diagnosed with acute pericarditis [2]. Cardiac involvement is a common presentation of different autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease with multiorgan involvement. Cardiac involvement has been reported in about 50% of SLE patients; in some cases, as their first presentation of SLE [3]. The most common type of cardiac involvement in SLE patients is pericarditis [4]. While it is classically known that SLE like most of other autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women, cardiac involvement as pericarditis in SLE is more prevalent in male patients [2]. Although being a common manifestation of SLE, it is uncommon for acute fibrinous pericarditis with constrictive features to be the first presentation of SLE in patients with severe manifestations and in need for hospital admission [5].

In response to pressure from all sides, governments around the world have com-mitted to decarbonising their economies within the next thirty years. Taken literally, this would involve eliminating the use of naturally occurring hydrocarbons such as coal, natural gas, and oil. However, based on their analysis of data drawn from ac-ademic papers, the Australian Federal Government, energy industry bodies, and manufacturers of electricity generating equipment, the authors believe at this time, such elimination of fossil fuel use is simply not possible. That said, by moving to a connected energy island (CEI) power generation topology, the data suggest we can at once: create a sustainably robust energy supply, move Australia closer to its environmental targets, and underpin the country’s future economic well-being.

Oral delivery of anti-diabetic drugs, especially insulin, possesses enormous potential in the future of diabetes treatment. Various platforms and methods have been brought to light in the last decade as nanotechnology underwent a tremendous growth spurt. These systems focus on enhancing absorption, permeation, and bioavailability of active agents while overcoming physicochemical and biological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Formulations with bio-polymeric nanoparticles as delivery vehicles have received extensive attention owing to positive traits like biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and low cost. In recent works, the focus has been given to systems with incorporated nano-sensors, site-specific targeting, and sustained, controlled, and stimuli-responsive release. In this article, we discuss the current state and future prospects of biopolymeric nanoparticulate systems for the oral delivery of anti-diabetic drugs.

Biosurfactant is a structurally diverse group of surface-active molecules, synthesized by microorganisms. They are capable of reducing surface and interfacial tension with low toxicity, high specificity and biodegradability. The samples were enriched in nutrient agar containing diesel oil, serially diluted and poured on nutrient agar plate. Biosurfactant producing organisms were screened by using oil spreading method, Blood hemolysis test, Emulsification index (E24) and Drop collapse method. Out of 50 isolates, ten strains showed positive biosurfactant production. Another interesting finding in this study was the use of crude oil as hydrophobic substrate for the isolation of biosurfactant producing bacterial strains; this approach may be useful during the initial isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria to reduce the number of strains to be screened. These strains were characterized by using different biochemical tests like Gram’s staining, IMVIC etc.

Biomonitoring of marine life has been enhanced in recent years by the integration of innovative DNA-based approaches, which offer advantages over more laborious conventional techniques (e.g. direct capture) and greater taxonomic resolution especially in complex life cycles and early life stages. However, tradeoffs between throughput, sensitivity and quantitative measurements must be made when choosing between the prevailing molecular methodologies (i.e. metabarcoding or qPCR/dPCR). Thus, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the utility of a microfluidic-enabled High Throughput quantitative PCR platform (HT-qPCR) for the rapid and cost-effective development and validation of a DNA-based multi-species biomonitoring toolkit, using larvae of 24 commercially targeted bivalve and crustacean species as a case study. The workflow was divided into three main phases: definition of target taxa and establishment of reference databases (PHASE 1); in silico selection/development and in vitro assessment of molecular assays (PHASE 2); and protocol optimization and field validation (PHASE 3). Of a total of 85 assays in silico, 42 were eventually chosen and validated in vitro. Genetic signal showed good correlation with direct visual counts by microscopy, but also showed the ability to provide quantitative data at the highest taxonomic resolution (species level) in a time- and cost-effective fashion. This study developed a biomonitoring toolkit, demonstrating the considerable advantages of this state-of-the-art technology in boosting the development and application of panels of molecular assays for the monitoring and management of natural resources that can be applied to a range of monitoring programmes. Keywords: DNA, High Throughput, qPCR, biomonitoring, shellfish

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a drug hypersensitivity reaction characterized by rash, multiple systemic symptoms, and eosinophilia. DRESS syndrome develops following exposure to inciting medications, typically antibiotics and antiepileptics. Anticoagulants are not classically associated with this syndrome, though cases exist in association with vitamin K antagonists and oral anticoagulants. There are two known cases of enoxaparin-induced DRESS syndrome in adults, but no reports in the literature in the pediatric setting. In this report, we present the case of a pediatric patient who developed classic symptoms and lab findings of DRESS syndrome secondary to enoxaparin therapy.

Idiopathic purpura fulminans (IPF) is a rare but severe prothrombotic coagulation disorder. Acquired IPF is usually due to a cross-reactivity against virus and anticoagulant proteins; Protein C and less commonly Protein S. This molecular mimicry generates antibodies against anticoagulant proteins. Most used treatments are fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and heparin. In refractory cases immunoglobulins, corticosteroids and plasmapheresis can be used. Furthermore, debridement of necrotic areas is sometimes needed. Skin involvement commonly appears in lower limbs or torso, in contrast of other types of purpura fulminans were a more acral involvement is seen. Our case describes for the first time an IPF with facial location.

Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the probability of occurrence of wildfires. Also known as bushfires, the catastrophe can be attributed to climate changes and extreme weather conditions. Australia’s dry and warm climate makes it prone to wildfires, which risks the ecosystem and decreases the forest area. Hence it is necessary to reduce bushfire risk by monitoring their intensity. The availability of remotely sensed data enables us to analyse wildfires, explore and discover patterns, and help provide real-time warnings. This paper examines the forest fire data from 2018-2020, considering parameters like Brightness (Prediction) and Fire Radiative Power (Classification). The analysis is conducted using several machine learning algorithms like Random Forest (RF), Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (xGB), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), etc. The prediction models are evaluated using Mean squared error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R squared (R2), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). In contrast, the classification models are evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score. Our study shows that the RF model is the best prediction model, and the ANN model is the best classification model compared to the baseline models.

Dehydration of serine/threonine residues necessitates the activity of a dehydratase enzyme (domain) during the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP). Recently, it was reported that the dehydration process in thioviridamide relies on a distinct dehydratase complex which showcases the activities of a phosphotransferase TvaC for serine/threonine phosphorylation and a lyase TvaD for subsequent phosphate elimination. Herein, we report that the dehydration process of lantibiotic cacaoidin involves a similar dehydratase complex, CaoK/CaoY. Remarkably, this dehydratase complex exhibits flexible enzymatic activity and tolerates significant variations in its substrate peptide sequence. By binding with the leader peptide (LP) sequence of precursor peptide CaoA, the dehydration reactions proceed directionality from the C-terminus of the core peptide (CP) to its N-terminus, and C-terminally truncated variants of CP are acceptable. We show that fusing CaoK to CaoY in a 1:1 molar ratio enables the resulting enzyme CaoYK to exert enhanced dehydration activity. CaoK binds with the LP to improve its own solubility and to ensure the phosphate transfer activity, while CaoY functions independently of the LP. This work advances our understanding of the dehydration process of cacaoidin, and provides valuable enzymes and methods for the studies of the rapidly emerging RiPPs.

Title of the paper

Objective The immune response is a double-edged sword, and COVID-19 shares similarities with pancreatitis in terms of natural immune response, immune storm, and multi-organ involvement. However, whether a causal association between them remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal association between COVID-19 and pancreatitis using a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. Methods The study analyzed three variables related to COVID-19 (severity, hospitalization, and susceptibility) with a sample size ranging from approximately 1,059,456 to 1,557,411. Additionally, four types of pancreatitis (acute, chronic, alcohol-induced acute, and chronic) were examined, with a sample size ranging from 337,126 to 377,277. Causal associations were estimated using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), median weighted, and MR-Egger methods. Results The IVW model indicated potential causal associations between genetic susceptibility to severe and hospitalized COVID-19 and a decreased risk of acute pancreatitis (OR = 0.914, p = 0.01; OR = 0.884, p = 0.008) and alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis (OR = 0.852, p = 0.013; OR = 0.768, p = 0.002), including chronic pancreatitis. Inconsistent associations were observed between IVW and sensitivity analyses in acute and chronic pancreatitis of severe and hospitalized COVID-19. Conversely, no significant associations were found between pancreatitis traits and COVID-19-related variables in reverse MR analysis. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was found. Conclusions Host genetic liability to severe and hospitalized COVID-19 was causally associated with declining risk of alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, while no significant association was observed for pancreatitis on COVID-19 outcomes. This study has significant implications for unraveling their pathogenesis and guiding clinical management.

Objectives: Early trauma exposure is common among young adults receiving public mental health services, posing increased risk for PTSD. While d supports the feasibility of PTSD screening, clinicians often fail to screen for PTSD in this population. This study aimed to examine the demographic factors, psychiatric comorbidity, and predictors of charted PTSD diagnosis among treatment-seeking young adults with positive PTSD screens in a community mental health care system. Methods: Screening for trauma history and PTSD symptoms was implemented among clients receiving community mental health services. There were 266 treatment seeking young adults (aged 18-35) endorsed at least one traumatic event and had a score of at least 45 on the DSM-IV PTSD Checklist (PCL), indicating probable PTSD. Results: Treatment-seeking young adults with positive PTSD screens were predominantly female (68%), minority (69%), and diagnosed with mood disorders (66%), with nearly 25% diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Of the young adults with positive PTSD screens (PCL >=45), only 15% had a chart diagnosis of PTSD. Variables significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of PTSD detection included a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, exposure to fewer types of traumatic events, male gender, and white race. Conclusion: Routine PTSD screening and early trauma intervention for treatment-seeking young adults with mental health conditions should be prioritized to address the long-term impact of trauma. Keywords: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma screening, community mental health care