A novel multi-conductor electromagnetic coupling model for the sensitive-wire subject to driven wire in a high-precision machining workbench is proposed in this paper. The general coupling model for an N-wire system is derived and is used to evaluate the wire coupling effect. Furthermore, 4-wire and 3-wire models are demonstrated to verify the accuracy through full-wave electromagnetic simulation below 10 MHz. The results show that the error between the proposed method and the full-wave electromagnetic simulation is less than 10%, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. When the parameters of the driven power wire and the most sensitive wire are fixed and the parameters of neighboring wires are swept, the maximum fluctuation of the induced current on the most sensitive wire is 6.1 dB. The efficient calculation method proposed in this work helps reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference in complex electronic systems and improves the design efficiency of wires. It is promising to become a high-performance method with high efficiency and precision.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the top three most prevalent and lethal cancers for men and women. The overall annual CRC incidence rate has decreased Since 1985. However, despite continued overall declines, CRC is rapidly shifting to diagnosis at a younger age. Studies suggest that there were significant differences of early-onset CRC in epidemiology, etiology, molecular features, it is a heterogeneous disease. So further characterization of early-onset CRC is required to reveal the difference in clinical and pathological characteristics as well as prognosis between the 2 groups. It may help improve the treatment strategy in the future.

The stability of isolated communities is determined by foodweb complexity. However, it is unclear how local stability interacts with dispersal in multitrophic metacommunities to shape biodiversity patterns. Furthermore, metacommunity dynamics in landscapes with non-trivial and dynamic structures are less understood. We aim to evaluate the influence of local stabilizing factors versus dispersal in determining the sensitivity of metacommunity biodiversity to increasing site availability asynchrony. Additionally, we assess the role of foodweb and landscape complexities as modulating factors. To achieve these goals, we developed a model based on random matrices for local communities linked by stochastic dispersal over explicit, dynamic landscapes. Both local and regional stabilizing factors determined the sensitivity of metacommunities to landscape asynchrony. Local factors were more influential in landscapes with fewer sites and lower modularity, and in more complex foodwebs. We delve into the mechanisms underlying our results and discuss potential extensions of our study.

Root detritusphere, i.e., the soil in vicinity of decomposing root residues, plays an important role in soil microbial activity and C sequestration. Pore structure (size distributions and connectivity of soil pores) in the detritusphere serves as a major driver for these processes and, in turn, is influenced by physical characteristics of both soil and roots. This study compared pore structure characteristics in root detritusphere of soils of contrasting texture and mineralogy subjected to >6 years of contrasting vegetation: monoculture switchgrass and polyculture prairie systems. Soil samples were collected from five experimental sites in the US Midwest representing three soil types. Soil texture and mineralogy were measured using hydrometer and X-ray powder diffraction, respectively. The intact cores were scanned with X-ray computed micro-tomography to identify visible soil pores, biopores, and particulate organic matter (POM). We specifically focused on pore structure within the detritusphere around the POM of root origin. Results showed that detritusphere of coarser-textured soils, characterized by high sand and quartz contents, had lower porosity in the vicinity of POM compared to finer-textured soils. POM vicinities in finer soils had high proportions of large (>300 μm Ø) pores, and their pores were better connected than in coarser soils. Lower porosity in outer (>1 mm) parts of detritusphere of switchgrass than of prairie suggested soil compaction by roots, and the effect especially pronounced in coarser soils. The results demonstrated that soil texture and mineralogy played a major, while vegetation a more modest, role in defining the pore structure in root detritusphere.

Global fires are expanding, and it is necessary to establish an active fire prevention and evaluation system. Among them, active fire risk assessment is a key part of fire prevention. Based on the Fire Sensitivity Index (FSI), this paper uses the data of active fire, population density, NPP, minimum temperature and altitude to evaluate the active fire risk under the coupling characteristics of the spatial distribution of different geographical elements and the location of active fire. At the same time, using the Fire Potential Index model (FPI), Based on temperature, relative humidity, and vegetation coverage, assess the potential risk of global active fires under the existing vegetation distribution. The results show that the regions in high value FSI are distributed in both temperate and tropical zones, and the occurrence regions are mainly at middle and low altitudes with relatively sparse population. The regions in low value of the FPI is transitioning to the middle value regions, that is, the probability of active fire occurrence in some regions increases, and the fire risk increases. Moreover, the regions in high value of the FPI has decreased, and it is also transitioning to the middle value regions. Even though the global fire risk assessment results based on the FPI show that the high-risk regions have decreased, the low-risk areas are gradually transitioning to the medium-risk regions. In this paper, the global large-scale research area is divided into several regular grids, and the spatial expression of the FSI of small-scale active fire occurrence is realized by optimizing the active fire occurrence risk assessment model. The results have important implications for active fire management decision-making.

Understanding the changes of sediment concentration (SC) in rivers is of great significance for correctly evaluating the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures. By comparing the variation of SC in a typical watershed at the multi-year and the flood event scale, as well as the field investigations of sediment retained in check dams during a heavy rain in the Loess Hilly Area, the effect of check dams on SC were analyzed in this paper. Results showed that the check dam retained 56% of the eroded sediment in the watershed during the heavy rain on July 26, 2017, and greatly reduced the sediment transport to the downstream. Under the heavy rain condition, the slope measures (afforestation, grassing and terraces) had limited effect on reducing sediment yield, and can not stop the occurrence of hyperconcentrated flow. The average SC of runoff in the dam-controlled catchments was 438 kg/m 3, while it was only 148 kg/m 3 at the watershed outlet. The gully measures (check dams) played an important role in altering the characteristic of hyperconcentrated flow at the outlet of the watershed. In order to control the transport of hyperconcentrated flow to the downstream, more attention should be paid to the construction of check dams while carrying out vegetation ecological construction in the Loess Hilly Area.

For many plants, asexual, clonal reproduction appears to be the predominant form of reproduction at their geographic range edge, but how long clonal populations persist and their role in range dynamics are largely unknown. If asexuality enables well-adapted genotypes to persist, this may allow species to expand beyond their sexual niche. Under this scenario, genomic signatures of long-term asexuality should be detectable in range-edge populations. We investigated this hypothesis in the wetland plant, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae), which reproduces predominantly through clonal reproduction at its northern range limit. We assembled the transcriptome de novo, identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and compared patterns of genetic variation in sexual and asexual populations at and approaching the range limit. Asexual genotypes exhibited several signatures of long-term asexuality including higher heterozygosity, fewer unique homozygous SNPs (doubletons), and a breakdown of isolation by distance. They also tended to include more deleterious non-synonymous and radical amino acid altering mutations. However, the frequency of unique heterozygous SNPs (singletons) did not differ between sexual and asexual genotypes, and average genetic differentiation was unexpectedly higher among sexual than among asexual genotypes. Yet, overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that asexual reproduction enabled D. verticillatus to expand its range further north than would have been possible under sexual reproduction alone. Understanding the factors that influence range dynamics is becoming increasingly important to better anticipate the capacity of species to adapt and shift their ranges in response to anthropogenic environmental changes and to prioritize range-edge populations for conservation.

Xylem conduits have lignified walls to resist crushing pressures. The thicker the double-wall ( T) relative to its maximum diameter ( D), the greater the collapse/implosion resistance. Having xylem that is more resistant than necessary incurs high costs and reduced flow, while having xylem not resistant enough may lead to catastrophic collapse under drought. Despite the importance of xylem implosion safety in determining plant drought resistance, it is still unclear how leaves scale Tx D to trade-off among implosion safety, flow efficiency, mechanical support, and construction cost. We measured T and D in over 7,000 leaf xylem conduits of 122 ferns and angiosperms species to investigate how the Tx D scaling varies across species, clades, habitats, growth forms, and vein orders. Overall, leaf xylem conduits grow wider than thicker, potentially resulting in high flow efficiency and lower cost, but at the expense of high vulnerability to implosion. Conduits seem particularly vulnerable to implosion in monocots, aquatic species and in species from hydric habitats, as well as in major veins. The absence of strong trade-offs within the leaf functional traits examined suggests that implosion safety at the whole-leaf level cannot be easily predicted by the sum of the individual conduits’ resistance to collapse.

Photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) is a promising route to alleviate the energy crisis and provide clean renewable energy. OWS using monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has gained substantial interest due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties. However, TMDCs based OWS undergo high photo-corrosion in aqueous environment which hinder the hydrogen conversion efficiency and catalytic reactions. In this work, a pioneering first-principles screening of TMDCs monolayers were conducted, assessing their thermodynamic stability, solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency, stability in aqueous solution and catalytic activities. We have identified MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and CrS2 monolayers in 2H phase, as well as PtSe2, PdSe2, and NiSe2 monolayers in 1T phase, to be highly stable in aqueous solution and efficient towards OWS. The screened TMDCs monolayers can effectively resist oxidative and reductive photo-corrosion in both acidic and alkaline environments. The oxidation and reduction potentials of the selected monolayers can be adjusted by tuning the pH level of the electrolyte to inhibit photo-corrosion. TMDCs monolayers have robust catalytic activities with low overpotentials of (0.31˗1.57) V for the oxygen and (0.19˗0.49) V for hydrogen evolutions. Moreover, the monolayers have high STH efficiencies such as MoS2 (10.4%), MoSe2 (16%), WS2 (11.1%), CrS2 (27.3%), PtSe2 (22.2%), PdSe2 (19.6%) and NiSe2 (20.1%), making them highly promising for commercial applications in hydrogen fuel conversion.

This study explores enhancing salinity gradient power using 2D materials due to their surface-governed charge. However, achieving high-performing membranes with superior ion selectivity and low ionic resistances remains challenging. To address this issue, Al(OH)4- anions were incorporated into graphene oxide membranes to increase their spontaneous negative surface charge. The anions were successfully formed and encapsulated through a reaction with the alumina support under alkaline conditions during the membrane formation. The membranes’ physicochemical properties were analyzed by means of selected characterization techniques. The incorporation of Al(OH)4- anions significantly improved permselectivity and ionic resistance, reaching approximately 95% and 2 Ω cm2, respectively. A modeling of the system was carried out to further understand the anchoring of these ions within the membrane matrix and their role in boosting the charge of the membrane and, therefore, their electrochemical properties. The study delved into the utilization of GO membranes as monovalent-selective membranes, an approach to boost reverse electrodialysis power densities. The membranes demonstrated impressive selectivity, overcoming 70 folds for divalent cations over K+.

Electro-induced water splitting module is a fascinating strategy for the conversion of electricity into scalable and clean H2 as a future energy carrier and has significantly attracted the attention of the scientific community. However, despite countless research, cost-effective and durable electrode materials with high conversion efficiency remain a challeng in this quest. This critical review is devoted to systemically presenting the upsurge of recently explored highly stable benchmark electrocatalysts (both noble and non-noble) to understand the design principles, performances, mechanistic studies, and compelling reasons/chemistry behind the ameliorated catalytic potential over traditional electrocatalysts for half-cell oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Moreover, the highly stable electrode materials (at least ≥ 50 h) and their bi-functional conduct evaluated in prototype electrolyzer (two electrode systems) integrated with photovoltaic PV or batteries at the laboratory level are discussed, yet an untold and unsummarized story in electrochemical water splitting. Next, the current status of this technology, socio-economic challenges, possible solutions, and fundamental principles/concepts behind the water splitting conversion scheme is outlined from the point of practical application. Typical challenges remain regarding identifying, preparing, and scaling the potential electrocatalysts, but the foundations are now strong, and the outlook is visible for this exciting next-generation technology.

In this paper, we propose a robust controller that achieves natural and stably fast locomotion on a real blind quadruped robot. With only proprioceptive information, the quadruped robot can move at a maximum speed of 10 times its body length per second, and has the ability to pass through various complex terrains. The controller is trained in the simulation environment by model-free reinforcement learning and no specific human knowledge such as a foot trajectory generator are used in the training architecture. Our research finds that there is a problem of data symmetry loss during training, which leads to unbalanced performance of the learned controller on the left-right symmetric quadruped robot structure, and proposes a mirror-world neural network to solve the performance problem. The learned controller composed of the mirror-world network can make the robot achieve excellent anti-disturbance ability. The learned controller can coordinate the robot’s gait frequency and locomotion speed, and has good generalization ability to reach locomotion speed it has never learned and traverse terrains it has never seen before.

Microservice architectures can enhance software development by using multiple programming languages and deployment infrastructures, isolating failures within individual services, and accelerating the debugging and fixing of issues in independent services. Locating performance degradation becomes challenging, due to the presence of numerous service instances with complex interactions compounded by parallelism. Although end-to-end tracing allows tracing execution paths across services, and detecting their latencies, it is limited to high-level information. Indeed, end-to-end tracing cannot pinpoint the root causes of performance degradation between the processes. Moreover, many existing performance analysis tools lack a comparison feature to give developers a comprehensive view of the performance differences between two groups of requests. This paper introduces DTraComp (Distributed Trace Compare), an open-source framework, compatible with various microservice trace standards, and integrated with Eclipse Trace Compass™. Our framework offers robust visual comparison capability for two groups of executions within distributed systems, which includes nested spans executed in parallel. Furthermore, it provides system kernel details for each thread involved in the execution of each span, allowing it to pinpoint the reasons for performance degradation across distributed systems. We used our proposed framework to analyze five practical use cases. By evaluating the efficiency of our tool, it was determined that the overall time complexity scales linearly O(n) with the trace size, indicating its suitability for deployment in production environments. It is currently used within Ericsson company for performance evaluation purposes.

Background: Ocular diseases, especially corneal diseases, are common in horses and their occurrence is associated with trauma. It is not known if management practices promote or prevent the development of ocular diseases, such as corneal ulcers. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how stable management practices, such as environment, feeding, or use of fly masks, are related to the development of eye diseases, primarily corneal ulceration, in horses. Study design: A survey of horse owners in the state of North Carolina was conducted which asked owners how they managed their horses and their responses were correlated to the types of eye diseases the horses experienced. Methods: Data collected from the survey included the primary environment of the horse (stable or pasture), type and method of feeding of hay, use of fly masks, and eye diseases that the horses have developed. Correlations between management practices and eye disease were then performed. Results: Of 446 horses, 161 (36% of total) had been diagnosed with a corneal ulcer, 44 (10%) had multiple corneal ulcers, 65 [15%] horses had uveitis, and 15 (3%) had immune-mediated keratitis. Horses that were kept in pasture exclusively were significantly less likely to have had a corneal ulcer than horses kept in a combination of pasture and stalls (p=0.0348). There were no significant correlations between types of hay or how hay was fed with the occurrence of corneal ulceration or other ocular diseases. Main limitations: Results, such as disease diagnoses, are solely based on horse owner responses and not medical professionals. Conclusions: Horses kept primarily in pasture have fewer ocular diseases, likely because they sustain less ocular trauma compared to horses kept in stables. How hay is fed does not correlate with the incidence of corneal or other ocular disease.

Introduction COVID-19 in newborns is a variable disease that remains relatively understudied. In symptomatic newborns, infection may progress with subtle or non-specific clinical and laboratory findings. Lung ultrasound (LUS) can serve as a valuable imaging tool for evaluating lung damage caused by COVID-19, all without radiation exposure. Additionally, the long-term effects of COVID-19 in the neonatal population are still inadequately investigated. Population and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January to December 2022 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Monaldi Hospital in Naples, which serves as a hub for managing newborns with COVID-19 in our region. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was established through the analysis of nasal/oral-pharyngeal swabs using RT-PCR molecular methods. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental parameters of each newborn were assessed during hospitalization and a 6-month follow-up period. LUS was performed in the supine, prone, and lateral positions, with the results compared to Chest-X-ray (CXR). Results A total of 31 patients with positive RT-PCR results were admitted. Of these, 65% were male, with a median weight of 3514.1 ± 560.2 grams and a median corrected age of 39 ± 2 weeks. The median age at admission was 21.1 ± 12.2 days. The median time for naso-pharyngeal swab negativization was 13.3 ± 5.4 days. The most common clinical manifestations in our sample included fever (64.5%), respiratory distress (16%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (10%). Antibiotics for suspected superimposed bacterial infections were administered in 16% of cases, and hemodynamic support was required in 6%. Additionally, 16% of infants needed respiratory support, either in the form of high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) or oxygen therapy. Pathological findings were observed in approximately 10% of infants on chest X-rays, while lung ultrasound (LUS) revealed alterations in 22.5% of cases. The predominant LUS pattern identified was characterized by A-lines (horizontal reverberation artifacts), with a few B-lines (ring-down artifacts), and a thin pleural hyperechoic line. Correlation analysis showed that the time for swab negativization was not influenced by other variables. Higher ferritin values at admission were associated with a more severe disease course, particularly in terms of respiratory distress and the need for ventilatory support (ρ 0.58; p 0.001). The ROC curve indicated 82% sensitivity and 58% specificity for this parameter. During the 6-month follow-up, all infants exhibited regular growth, a healthy appearance, and normal vital signs. Mild to moderate transient neutropenia was observed in 25.8% of infants. Only one infant displayed persistent LUS alterations (a few B-lines) at 1 and 3-month follow-up, which were no longer visible at the 6-month evaluation. Conclusion The overall data from our population indicated favorable outcomes in infants affected by COVID-19. Higher ferritin values at admission were associated with a more severe disease course. The most common LUS pattern observed included a reduction in A-lines, an increase in/fusion of B-lines, and, at times, an abnormal/fragmented hyperechoic pleural line. LUS appeared to be a sensitive and non-invasive tool for the comprehensive evaluation of pulmonary pathology caused by COVID-19 in newborns.

Childhood interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease and immune mediated is the second most common chILD diagnostic category. As knowledge of the molecular and genetic underpinnings of these rare disorders advances, the recognized clinical spectrum of pulmonary manifestations that can be associated with them continues to broaden. This review will focus on chILD and other pulmonary complications associated with primary immune disorders, namely monogenic inborn errors of immunity as well as acquired systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Pulmonary complications, including ILD in these diseases can confer increased risk for morbidity and mortality and can be complex to manage due to the multiple organ systems that can be impacted in these systemic disorders. Thankfully, pulmonologists do not have to work alone. These diseases often have stereotypical patterns of extra-pulmonary features which aid in their recognition. In collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of subspecialists, the pulmonary and other systemic manifestations can be managed effectively together. The goal of this review is to familiarize the reader with the distinct patterns of ILD and associated systemic/immunologic features that are characteristic of monogenic inborn errors of immunity and systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, this review will highlight current, emergent and innovative therapeutic strategies and will underscore the important role of multidisciplinary management to improving outcomes for these patients.

Clinical neuroimaging data is naturally hierarchical. Different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences within a series, different slices covering the head, and different regions within each slice all confer different information. In this work we present a hierarchical attention network for abnormality detection using MRI scans obtained in a clinical hospital setting. The proposed network is suitable for non-volumetric data (i.e. stacks of high-resolution MRI slices), and can be trained from binary examination-level labels. We show that this hierarchical approach leads to improved classification, while providing inter-pretability through either coarse inter-and intra-slice abnormality localisation, or giving importance scores for different slices and sequences, making our model suitable for use as an automated triaging system in radiology departments.

This research investigates methods to enhance the performance of radial heat sinks in LED lighting systems, emphasizing the impact of different perforated fin designs on thermal resistance. The study uncover that larger perforation holes, particularly in annular and cylindrical fins, significantly reduce thermal resistance and improving heat dissipation compared to rectangular and pin fins. Furthermore, it highlight the importance of heat sink orientation, as it significantly influences cooling efficiency, particularly in real-world applications with varied LED fixture positions. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach considering both fin design and orientation for optimal performance. Notably, certain orientations exhibit reduced sensitivity to fin perforations. A compelling outcome of this study is the potential for lighter and cost-effective heat sinks, with perforated fins reducing material usage by 10-30%, fostering eco-friendly and aesthetically pleasing LED designs. These findings collectively offer insights into improving heat sink performance in LED systems, focusing on perforation size, orientation, and material savings, ultimately benefiting the efficiency and sustainability of LED lighting.

In the current study, we have simultaneously addressed a problem related to the unsteady heat and mass transmission processes in Casson and Williamson nanofluid (i.e., nano sized particles are suspended in considered non-Newtonian fluids). Here both the fluids are considered with electrically conducting property and it is guessed that fluid flow is due to the slippery inclined stretching flat sheet with the appearance of a non-uniform internal heat generation/absorbtion effect. This study also explores the response of viscous dissipation, magnetic strength and Joule heating. Thermophoresis impact along with Brownian motion effect is incorporated and Buongiorno’s model is employed to examine these two aspects. Non-linear equations are made more simpler with the assistance of similarity variables. The numerical solutions are calculated by two different methods, viz., the Runga-Kutta Fehlberg method and bvp5c (along with shooting method) in MATLAB. Graphs are used to express the numerically examined results of concentration, velocity, temperature, Sherwood number, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. There is a very good correlation between the current findings and prior published studies in a few specific, constrained situations. The unsteadiness parameter is observed to have a diminishing relationship with the Casson and Williamson fluid momentum boundary layer thickness, thermal profile, and nanoparticle concentration profile. It’s important to remember that a magnetic field raises both the temperature and the nanoparticle concentration within boundary layer.

A three-step discrete-time incremental analog-to-digital converter (IADC) combines zoom, IΔΣM and dual-mode SAR-assisted extended counting (EC). The IADC reuses the SAR ADC to reduce hardware cost by reconfiguring its DAC array to either a 2-bit quantizer of the core IΔΣM or a 5-bit EC ADC. Clocked at 4MHz with an OSR=99, the proposed IADC achieves SNDR and DR of 93dB and 98.5dB, respectively, in a BW of 20.2kHz.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that help communities address social-ecological challenges such as flooding and polluted groundwater. Nevertheless, research shows that in practice, NBS confront several barriers in planning and implementation, many of which are related to the different attitudes of political and administrative actors. We used Q-methodology to explore the attitudes towards the implementation of a constructed wetland as NBS, interviewing decision-makers from the Tárcoles River Basin Commission in Costa Rica, the administrative body in charge of the integrated management of the river. We determined three recognizable viewpoints: "the nature lover", "the cost concerned", and "the participation seeker". Although all members of the commission shared a common vision, it was clear that their priorities differed. Regarding the ways of implementing NBS, interviewees agreed that the country urges a paradigm shift in policy design towards ecosystem-based approaches and emphasized the need for more cooperation among bodies of administration in river basin decision-making. We conclude with suggestions to improve planning and implementation of NBS.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins is a kind of post-translational modification that regulates the signal transduction in cellular process. The dephosphorylation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) on signal transduction proteins contributed their role as a convergent node to mediate cross-talk between signaling pathways. In cancer, PTPs-mediated pathways served as signaling hubs through which cancer cells alleviated stress following the clinical therapy, via promoting constitutive activation of growth-stimulatory signaling pathways or influencing the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Preclinical evidences suggested that anticancer drugs will release their greatest therapeutic potency when combined with PTP inhibitors, reversing drug resistance that was responsible for clinical failures during cancer therapy. Here, this review elaborated recent insights that substantiated the role of PTPs-mediated pathways in resistance to targeted cancer therapy and immune-checkpoint therapy, leading to the proposal of targeting PTPs inhibition in anticancer combination therapy for long-term disease regression. Clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combination therapy in advanced-stage tumors.

This paper presents the development of an interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter with single-phase high-frequency isolation associated with two different pulse width modulations (PWM), one for each power flow direction. The converter stages analysis, DC voltage gains expressions, and voltage/current stresses in CCM are presented. The proposed converter advantages are new modulation, the current ripple frequency and voltage in two ports is four times higher than the switching frequency, volume and weight reduction of passive elements, and balanced current distribution between the legs. Besides, the single-phase transformer that provides galvanic isolation between the DC bus and the battery or supercapacitor. An experimental prototype is implemented in the laboratory to validate the mathematical and theoretical analysis for both energy flow senses under the test conditions at converter-rated power 2.5kW, Low voltage side 180V, and high voltage side 380V.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with and without a history of lifetime suicide attempts had differences in more severe depressive, anxious, and manic symptoms, functional impairment, quality of life, and childhood maltreatment, besides cytokines Method: The cross-sectional study enrolled 54 suicide attempters and 154 non-suicide attempters. All individuals were assessed through a questionnaire, structured clinical interview (SCID) for diagnoses of major affective disorders, and scales (17 item-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Quality of life). We also assessed anthropometric measures and laboratory biomarkers . Results: Individuals with history of lifetime suicide attempts showed significantly positive correlations regarding soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF–RI) and severity of depressive symptoms (p= 0.013); interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and severity of depressive symptoms (p= 0.04); absenteeism from work and childhood physical abuse (p= 0.012). Suicide attempters presented higher levels of interleukins (IL-13, IL-5), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and lower IL-4 levels. Conclusions: The data suggest that a subgroup of patients with history of lifetime suicide attempts in major affective disorders was associated with childhood maltreatment and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.