Radar High Resolution Range Profile (HRRP), which can provide target structure information with great potential for target recognition. However, the structural information is not fully exploited by most existing deep learning methods, which focus only on local or sequence information. Furthermore, existing methods equalise target and non-target regions in HRRP. This is not conducive to target feature extraction. In this letter, we propose a target recognition method using wavelet patch merging and contraction Transformer, called CT. CT can adaptively focus on the target region and efficiently extract local and sequence information. CT used convolution to extract local features and contraction self-attention to extract sequential features. Wavelet patch merging was used to avoid oversampling. Finally, the experimental results show that the CT can effectively extract structural features in HRRP to improve target recognition performance. It is also robust under low signal-to-noise conditions.

The asymmetric hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes provides an efficient method for the synthesis of optically active cyclic secondary amines. In this paper, we described an asymmetric hydrogenation of phenanthridines using a chiral mono-alkene-derived borane. A variety of dihydrophenanthridines were furnished in high yields with up to 93% ee. The current catalytic system was very sensitive for the steric hindrance of phenanthridines. Bulky substituents at one phenyl group of phenanthridines were required to obtain the high enantioselectivity. But large substituents adjacent to the C=N bonds would diminish the reactivity sharply.

Gamete traits can vary widely among species, populations and individuals, influencing fertilisation dynamics and overall reproductive fitness. Sexual selection can play an important role in determining the evolution of gamete traits with local environmental conditions determining the strength and direction of sexual selection. Here we test for signatures of post-mating selection on gamete traits in relation to population density, and possible interactive effects of population density and sperm concentration on sperm motility and fertilisation rates among natural populations of mussels. Our study shows that males from high density populations produce smaller sperm compared with males from low density populations, but we detected no effect of population origin on egg size. Our results also reveal that females from low density populations tended to exhibit lower fertilisation rates across a range of sperm concentrations, although this became less important as sperm concentration increased. Variances in fertilisation success were higher for females than males and the effect of gamete compatibility between males and females increases as sperm concentrations increase. These results suggest that local population density can influence gamete traits and fertilisation dynamics but also highlight the importance of phenotypic plasticity in governing sperm-egg interactions in a highly dynamic selective environment.

During hybrid speciation, homoeologues combine in a single genome. Homoeologue expression bias (HEB) occurs when one homoeologue has higher gene expression than another. HEB has been well characterized in plants but rarely investigated in animals, especially invertebrates. Consequently, we have little idea as to the role that HEB plays in allopolyploid invertebrate genomes. If HEB is constrained by features of the parental genomes, then we predict repeated evolution of similar HEB patterns among hybrid genomes formed from the same parental lineages. To address this, we reconstructed the history of hybridization between the New Zealand stick insect genera Acanthoxyla and Clitarchus using a high-quality genome assembly from Clitarchus hookeri to call variants and phase alleles. These analyses revealed the formation of three independent diploid and triploid hybrid lineages between these genera. RNA sequencing revealed a similar magnitude and direction of HEB among these hybrid lineages, and we observed that many enriched functions and pathways were also shared among lineages, consistent with repeated evolution due to parental genome constraints. In most lineages, a slight majority of the genes involved in mitochondrial function showed HEB towards the maternal homoeologues, consistent with only weak effects of mitonuclear incompatibility. We also observed a proteasome functional enrichment in most lineages and hypothesize this may result from the need to maintain proteostasis in hybrid genomes. Reference bias was a pervasive problem, and we caution against relying on HEB estimates from a single parental reference genome.

A comprehensive understanding of the dietary habits of carnivores is essential to get ecological insights into their role in the ecosystem, potential competition with other carnivorous species, and their effect on prey populations. Genetic analysis of non-invasive samples, such as scats, can supplement behavioural or microscopic diet investigations. The objective of this study was to employ DNA metabarcoding to accurately determine the prey species in grey wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) scat samples collected in the Julian Alps and the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia. The primary prey of wolves were red deer (Cervus elaphus) (detected in 96% scat samples), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (68%), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (45%). A smaller portion of their diet consisted of mesocarnivores, small mammals, and domestic animals. In contrast, the lynx diet mostly consisted of European roe deer (82%) and red deer (64%). However, small mammals and domestic animals were also present in lynx diet, albeit to a lesser extent. Our findings indicate that the dietary habits of wolves and lynx are influenced by geographical location and prey availability. Snapshot dietary analyses using metabarcoding are valuable for comprehending the behaviour and ecology of predators, and for devising conservation measures aimed at sustainable management of both their natural habitats and prey populations. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of wolf and lynx dietary habits and ecological impact, it would be essential to conduct long-term genetic monitoring of their diet.

In this study, we aim to investigate the geometry of surfaces corresponding to the geometry of solutions of the geometric curve flows in Euclidean 3-space R 3 considering the Frenet frame. In particular, we express some geometric properties and some characterizations of u-parameter curves and t-parameter curves of some trajectory surfaces including the Hasimoto surface, the shortening trajectory surface, the minimal trajectory surface, the √ τ-normal trajectory surface in R 3 .

A document by Kang Xiang Tan. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background: Vitamin D may contribute to the balance in between regulatory and suppressive functions of T cells to modulate the inflammatory process in asthma. Objective: To assess serum vitamin D levels and their relationship with asthma control, asthma severity and its anti-inflammatory effect in children. Methods: This systematic review was based on articles published between 2009 and August 2022. Children under 18 years old with asthma were included. Results: The initial database search identified 2,015 manuscripts. Through screening identified only 25 eligible articles, but only eight studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that in six studies involving 588 participants, mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in children with uncontrolled asthma compared to those with controlled asthma, with a mean difference of -5.07 (-8.57, -1.57) and a high rate of heterogeneity I 2 = 89%. In five studies comprising 362 patients, the relationship between vitamin D and asthma severity was assessed. Lower levels of vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of severe asthma in children, with a mean difference of -6.00 (-8.09, -3.90) and substantial heterogeneity (90%, p<0.00001). In most patients, no significant correlation was found between vitamin D and lung function. Furthermore, serum vitamin D showed an association with interleukins and with regulatory T lymphocytes. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays a critical role in reducing asthma attacks. However, more randomized studies are necessary for a thorough evaluation and definitive recommendation for vitamin D supplementation.

ABSTRACTAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is rare autoimmune neurological multifocal disorder characterised by inflammatory demyelination of brain and spinal cord usually in response to infection or sequelae of immunisation, most commonly affecting the children.Though a rare one it is estimated that 1 in 125,000-250,000 population is affected by ADEM each year. And such a case of 15 years old girl presented with acute onset of fever and headache and single episode of seizure followed by unconsciousness with GCS 6(E2V2M2).signs of meningeal irritation like neck rigidity, Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign were positive. investigation report showed Hb-11.4 g/dl ,neutrophlic leukocytosis , normal range of serum electrolytes ,ICT for malaria was negative and MRI of brains showed multiple abnormal T2 hyperintense signal in both parieto-frontal white matter. so she was diagnosed a case of ADEM and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days followed by oral corticosteroid in tapering dose for 6 weeks.IntroductionADEM also known as post -infectious encephalomyelitis is a rare autoimmune inflammatory neurological disorder of nervous system mainly central which is characterised by demylination of the brain and spinal cord as a result of infection or sequelae of immunisation. Children are the most affected one but adult case of ADEM occurs following vaccination against Mumps,Measles and rubella(1)(2) . Though rare one estimated of 1 in 125,000-250,000 individuals are affected by ADEM each year(1). More commonly male are the most affected one with a male and female ratio of 1.3 to 1.The risk factors for ADEM include genetics, exposure to infectious organisms,immunization exposure and lighter skin pigmentation. All the ethnic groups are affected globally. The majority of cases follow either viral or bacterial infection and in majority of cases causative pathogen is unidentified(1). The pathogenesis is not fully understood but antigentic exposure in genetically susceptible individuals may cause ADEM either through molecular mimicry and or due to T cell mediated immune mechanism. It has also been suggested that ADEM may occur due to CNS injury secondary to generalised inflammation of brain and spinal cord(4).ADEM patients usually have presentation like rapid onset of fever, headache ,nausea or vomiting confusion, fatigue and neurological features like numbness, difficulty swallowing, vision, seizure, difficult in coordinating voluntary movements such as walking and some degree of impairment of consciousness(1)(3). Though there is no diagnostic criteria for ADEM but presence of signs and symptoms and radiological findings can help in diagnosis of ADEM. In patients with ADEM T2-Weighted and FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) of brain shows bilateral,hyperintense lesion that are diffuse and poorly demarcated(4).ADEM being a autoimmune disease treatment includes I/v Methyl prednisolone at dosage of 20 to 30 mg/kg (max 1g/day) for 3 to 5 days followed by oral corticosteroids in a tapering dose for 4 to 6 weeks.(5). Full recovery is seen in 50 to 70% of cases and ranging of 70 to 90% with some minor residual disability. In some case severity ranges to 8 to 30% with ataxia and hemiparesis.(6)Case report;We hereby present a case of 15 years old girl brought to the Mymensingh Medical College by her parents with the complaints of fever and headache for 3 days. Fever was high grade ,acute in onset without any chills and rigor with no evening rise of temperature . Headache was severe and prolonged for 3 days following which she suddenly developed single episode of seizure followed by unconsciousness for which she was brought to the hospital.On examination she had altered consciousness with GCS 6(E2V2M2),Temperature was raised, blood pressure was 100/80 mm of Hg and signs of meningeal irritation like neck rigidity, Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign were positive and bilateral planter extensor was found.Other systematic examination findings were normal. As per the clinical findings she was treated for meningoencephalitis with Inj.Ceftriaxone 1g I/V BD, inj. Acyclovir 250mg 1 vial I/v BD ,inj.dexamethasone 1 amp i/v TDS and investigation showedHb-11.4 g/dl with increased sedimentation, neutrophilic leukocytosis with WBC Count 25000/mm^3 and 87% of neutrophils, Serum electrolytes and blood glucose were within the normal limit.ICT for malaria was negative .MRI OF BRAIN revealed. -Multiple abnormal T2 hyperintense signal in both parieto-frontal white matter suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM)

An encrusted Foley Balloon: an uncommon etiology of urinary retention

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. In this study aimed was to investigate the association between expression levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 as two candidate lncRNAs and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results: In this case-control study, the relationship between AMI and expression levels of BAT5 (HLA-B-Associated Transcript 5) and IL21R-AS1 (IL21R antisense RNA 1), in 231 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions were investigated. Expression levels of lncRNAs in leukocytes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The m 6A modification regions and subcellular localizations of these lncRNAs were predicted by in silico analysis. Ranked ANCOVA tests were used to compare expression levels of lncRNAs between groups after adjusting for gender and use of cardiovascular drugs. The crude and adjusted expression levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 in leukocytes of AMI patients (n=128) were found to decrease compared to the control cases (n=103) (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The intracellular functional localization of both lncRNAs is non-nuclear. The number of high confidence m 6A modification regions of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 transcripts was determined as 5 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that MI patients are associated with decreased expression levels of BAT5 and IL21R-AS1 in leukocytes compared with controls and may have an impact on myocardial infarction pathogenesis in the acute phase.

Salonwings is the most demanding hair and beauty salon software available in India, situated in ludhiana, punjab,india. All-in-one software that is simple to use and includes appointment booking, billing, SMS, inventory management, employee commission and enquiry for beauty salons, barbershops, hair salons, luxury salons, nail salons, and beauty parlours.For more information, visit our website at https://www.salonwings.com/

The advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has been revolutionary for the field of evolutionary biology. This technology has led to an abundance of available genomes and transcriptomes for researchers to mine. Specifically, researchers can mine for various types of molecular markers that are vital for phylogenetic, evolutionary, and ecological studies. Numerous tools have been developed to extract these molecular markers from NGS data. However, due to an insufficient number of well-annotated reference genomes for non-model organisms, it remains challenging to obtain these markers accurately and efficiently. Here, we present GeneMiner, an improved and expanded version of our previous tool, Easy353. GeneMiner combines the reference-guided de Bruijn graph assembly with seed self-discovery and greedy extension. Additionally, it includes a verification step using a parameter-bootstrap method to reduce the pitfalls associated with using a relatively distant reference. Our results using both experimental and simulation data showed GeneMiner can accurately acquires phylogenetic molecular markers for plants using transcriptomic, genomic, and other NGS data. GeneMiner is designed to be user-friendly, fast, and memory efficient. Further, it is compatible with Linux, Windows, and macOS. All source codes are publicly available on GitHub for easy accessibility and transparency (https://github.com/yyscu/GeneMiner).

In the globalized business landscape, cross-cultural marketing plays a critical role as companies expand their operations internationally. Understanding cultural nuances and tailoring advertising strategies have become paramount for success. This article aims to explore the effectiveness of cross-cultural advertising strategies and their impact on consumer behaviors. By conducting an extensive analysis of existing research, theoretical frameworks, and practical case studies, we delve into the intricacies of cross-cultural marketing. The primary objective is to analyze how different advertising approaches in different cultures affect the buying habits of consumers. By investigating consumer responses to cross-cultural advertising campaigns compared to non-cultural-specific approaches, the study aims to uncover the effectiveness of cultural adaptation in engaging diverse audiences. The study aims to identify the key elements and techniques that contribute to successful cross-cultural advertising campaigns. By analyzing a collection of cross-cultural advertising campaigns from various industries and cultural contexts, the study aims to pinpoint the specific elements that influence advertising success in diverse cultural environments.

A document by Muhammad Sajjad. Click on the document to view its contents.

A document by Arunkumar K. Click on the document to view its contents.

Correspondence to “Association between Chronic Rhinosinusitis and New Onset Asthma Implications for Prevention”To the Editor,We have attentively reviewed the article by Schwartz et al. titled ’Sinus inflammation and chronic rhinosinusitis are associated with a diagnosis of new onset asthma in the following year’1. This study significantly advances our understanding of the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the onset of new asthma diagnoses. However, we would like to offer some suggestions.First and foremost, it is important to consider potential confounders that might influence the observed association between CRS and the development of asthma. Factors such as environmental exposures or socio-economic status could potentially impact this relationship.2,3Secondly, this study focuses on the CRS-asthma association but doesn’t probe how CRS treatments affect asthma outcomes. Phillips et al4showed timely CRS treatments, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) might lower asthma risks. Addressing eosinophilic inflammation and related conditions, e.g. depression, could also influence asthma results5,6. Understanding CRS treatment impacts on asthma is crucial for patient care, necessitating more research to inform clinical guidance.Furthermore, it’s important to consider that this study might have overestimated the connection between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma due to certain methodological limitations. The study did not take into account the 12-week duration requirement for CRS, potentially leading to an overrepresentation of cases and an overestimation of the associations . Additionally, the reliance on electronic health records (EHR) for identifying disease outcomes introduces the possibility of measurement errors or biases, which could further contribute to the overestimation of the observed associations . Therefore, it is crucial for future research endeavors to refine their methods and address these limitations in order to obtain a more accurate understanding of the strength of the CRS-asthma association.In conclusion, this study by Schwartz et al.’s research highlights a link between CRS and new asthma cases, but further exploration is needed on potential confounders, the effect of CRS treatments, and potential overestimations.1. Schwartz BS, Pollak JS, Bandeen-Roche K, et al. Sinus inflammation and chronic rhinosinusitis are associated with a diagnosis of new onset asthma in the following year. Allergy . Oct 2023;78(10):2659-2668. doi:10.1111/all.157712. Celebi Sozener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol . Jun 2020;145(6):1517-1528. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.0243. Velasquez N, Gardiner L, Cheng TZ, et al. Relationship between socioeconomic status, exposure to airborne pollutants, and chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Feb 2022;12(2):172-180. doi:10.1002/alr.228844. Phillips KM, Bergmark RW, Hoehle LP, Caradonna DS, Gray ST, Sedaghat AR. Chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations are differentially associated with lost productivity based on asthma status. Rhinology . Dec 1 2018;56(4):323-329. doi:10.4193/Rhin18.0335. Shah SA, Kobayashi M. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and a prominent T2 endotype. Heliyon . Sep 2023;9(9):e19249. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e192496. Brunner WM, Schreiner PJ, Sood A, Jacobs DR, Jr. Depression and risk of incident asthma in adults. The CARDIA study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . May 1 2014;189(9):1044-51. doi:10.1164/rccm.201307-1349OCAuthorIressa Cheng 1, Chin-Yuan Yii MD2,3. Su-Boon Yong4,5,Liang-Chun Shih MD, PhD 4,61 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan;3 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.4 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.5 Department of Allergy and Immunology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.6 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryAuthor Contributions:Iressa Cheng: Conceptualization, Writing - Original Draft PreparationChin-Yuan Yii: Conceptualization, Writing - Review & EditingLiang-Chun Shih: Writing - Review & EditingJiu Yao Wang: Conceptualization, Writing - Review & Editing, SupervisionSu-Boon Yong: Conceptualization, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project Administrationconflict of interests :The authors declare no conflict of interest.Corresponding author:1.Su-Boon Yong MD, PhD.Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Department of Allergy and Immunology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.yongsuboon@gmail.com2. Jiu Yao Wang MD, PhDCenter for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology (AIR), China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China.a122@mail.ncku.edu.tw

ORCiD: [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-2343] Keywords: Root imaging, root-system architecture (RSA), soybean, 2D-phenotyping & 3D-phenotyping Roots are a major part of plant systems and are essential to obtaining water and nutrients. Despite their importance, roots have not been extensively examined as compared to their aboveground counterparts, due primarily to the difficulties of access and lack of standard methods to quantify root morphology. While there have been several experiments performed under controlled environments, comparatively fewer studies have examined root architectures under field conditions. Here, we apply two imaging techniques to characterize variability in Root System Architecture (RSA) in diverse soybean genotypes under field settings with two contrasting soil conditions. Thus, our objectives are to (1) quantify root system architecture using 2D image techniques (e.g., Winrhizo and Image J) and (2) evaluate a contrasting subset of these samples (n = 30) using a novel 3D phenotyping approach. The research seeks to meet the need for enhanced methods in root system architecture analysis across diverse field conditions potentially leading to more resilient, high-yielding soybean varieties.

Understanding population dynamics requires estimation of demographic parameters like mortality and productivity. Because obtaining the necessary data for such parameters can be labour-intensive in the field, alternative approaches that estimate demographic parameters from existing data can be useful. High-resolution biologging data are now frequently available for large-bodied bird species, and can be used to estimate survival and productivity. We build on existing approaches to develop a new tool (‘NestTool’) that uses GPS tracking data at hourly resolution to estimate important productivity parameters such as territory acquisition, breeding propensity and breeding success. We developed NestTool with data from 258 individual red kites (Milvus milvus) from Switzerland tracked for up to 7 years. NestTool first extracts 42 movement metrics such as time within a user-specified radius, number of revisits, home range size, and distances between most frequently used day and night locations from the raw tracking data for each individual breeding season. These variables are then used in three successive random forest models to predict whether individuals exhibited home range behaviour, initiated a nesting attempt, and successfully raised fledglings. The models achieved > 95% accurate classification of home range and nesting behaviour in cross-validation data, but slightly lower (> 80%) accuracy in classifying the outcome of nesting attempts, because some individuals frequently returned to nests despite having failed. NestTool provides a graphical user interface to manually annotate those individual seasons for which model predictions fall below a user-defined threshold of certainty. When applied to tracking data from different red kite populations in Germany, NestTool yielded accurate predictions with > 80% accuracy in all parameters. NestTool is available as R package at https://github.com/Vogelwarte/NestTool and we encourage ornithologists to adapt it for different populations and species. NestTool will facilitate the more widespread estimation of demographic parameters from tracking data to inform population assessments

Seabirds are considered key indicator species for the global health of the marine environment. However, some populations are still poorly known. Here we combine experimental studies with field observation over three years (2019-2021) to determine the breeding biology and nesting orientation preference of the white-faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina eadesorum) colony in Laje Branca, Maio Island, Cabo Verde. We estimated the size of this colony at 2,440 breeding individuals. White-faced storm petrels showed an even distribution throughout the sandy plateau on Laje Branca, with similar occupied burrow densities in habitats close to the sea compared to the interior of the islet. Experimental results indicate that there is no influence of burrow orientation on burrow’s selection. The breeding season started in mid-November and ended in mid-June, with most burrow occupancy occurring between early February and April. There was an average occupancy rate of 59% in artificial burrows. The mean incubation period was 47 days (±7.08 SD) and breeding success was 64%, being respectively the lower and upper limits recorded for P. marina. We estimate a total of 1,220 occupied burrows (0.36 occupied burrows/m2) out of 3,162 burrows for the islet (0.93 burrows/m2). Considering the general decline of seabird populations worldwide and in Cabo Verde in recent centuries, the fact that Laje Branca has no permanent human presence and has a relatively high breeding success means that it is considered a site of national importance for the reproduction of this species and for the global conservation of the species.

Due to influences of a control strategy reliant on photovoltaic(PV) inverters, weak feedback of PV power plants and controlled characteristics of current phases make the measured impedance of PV-side distance protection of outgoing transmission lines unable to reflect the location of faults. In this paper, the solution equations of the line short-circuit impedance are accurately derived according to the fault component sequence network diagram of the transmission line. Based on the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) connected to the DC bus of the photovoltaic station, the traditional low-voltage-ride-through(LVRT) control strategy is changed. The unknowns in the equations are eliminated by the control and protection coordination, and then the short-circuit impedance is solved. Compared with the existing methods, there is no approximate calculation in this method, and the accuracy of the calculation is greatly improved. In addition, while reasonably solving the unreliable action of distance protection, it also takes into account the reactive power support of the photovoltaic station for the power grid during the fault period. Instead of being weakened, the LVRT capability is even enhanced.

In interconnected microgrids, the control method for Soft Open Point (SOP) dynamically switches from PQ to Uf control after fault incidents to preserve system stability. However, this mode switching induces frequency and voltage fluctuations, jeopardizing the operational stability of distributed generations (DGs). This paper presents a seamless mode switching control strategy specifically tailored for SOP-based interconnected microgrids incorporating Electric Vehicle (EV) clusters. We investigate the fluctuations and transient impacts associated with emergency control switching and propose a decentralized Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy for energy storage systems. This strategy factors in the State of Charge (SOC) of batteries to mitigate imbalances between source and load during switching delays. Additionally, we introduce a seamless switching method encompassing collaborative phase angle compensation, control mode transition, and pre-synchronization techniques to minimize transient disturbances. Validation through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and RT-LAB experiments shows effective suppression of fluctuations and transient impacts, thus enabling seamless mode switching in interconnected microgrids.

This study conducts a wideband multi-path propagation measurement at the 95 GHz sub-terahertz band for short-range communication in a conference room desktop scenario. Regardless of the fact that the current 3rd generation partnership (3GPP) stochastic channel model (SCM) targets the frequency up to 100 GHz for various scenarios, neither detailed measurements at the 95 GHz band nor a compatible channel modeling/generation framework for indoor short-range communication scenarios have been conducted. To fill these voids, based on a real-world measurement at 95 GHz with a bandwidth of 4 GHz, this study analyzes the multi-path propagation characteristics and yields the following insights for developing a 3GPP SCM-compatible channel generation framework at this band. First, the exponential power decay with delay time and quasi-uniform azimuth angles of arrival (AAoAs) are observed, which should be revisited to develop a channel generation framework. Secondly, distribution models for root mean squared (RMS) delay/AAoA spreads and omnidirectional path loss model are derived, which serves as a foundation for developing a channel generation framework at this band. Moreover, these established models are compared with the recently conducted measurement results at the 60 GHz band in the same scenario, shedding light on the hypothesis that the models for these parameters at the 60 GHz can be generalized for the 95 GHz band. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.

A document by Farah Shehani. Click on the document to view its contents.