A document by sourav ghosh. Click on the document to view its contents.

Detailed information is available in the TechRxiv preprint accessible through the following DOI: DOI: 10.36227/techrxiv.170317597.77165320/v1  .

The discovery of the 'Einstein' monotile represents one of the most significant advancements in geometry in 2023. Research based on this monotile has been initiated across various fields. This paper introduces a limited field-of-view (LFOV) phased array based on the 'Einstein' monotile (Hat polykite) to address grating lobes. The proposed phased array demonstrates reduced implementation complexity compared to aperiodic phased arrays constructed from periodic or conditionally aperiodic tiles. It also exhibits increased engineering practicality compared to aperiodic phased arrays made from non-'Einstein' aperiodic tiles, particularly in assembly with loadbearing lattice structures. Two examples of Hat polykite-based phased arrays are presented in this paper. In Example A, a phased array is introduced where each subarray consists of a single antenna element. The proposed phased array is optimized to achieve a maximum grating lobe level (MGL) of-15 dB. In Example B, a subarray based on the Hat polykite comprises 8 antenna elements. The optimized phased array achieves an aperture efficiency of 90% and maintains a flat grating lobe level within a beam scanning range of 18°.

José Gustavo Cuervo A.1, Anthony Flagg2, Víctor López3, Iván M. Castillero41Academia GBM, GBM Corporation2Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá3Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá4Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua * Autor por correspondencia: José Gustavo Cuervo A.,gcuervo@gbm.net

Synthetic data generation offers a promising solution to enhance the usefulness of Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR) by generating realistic de-identified data. However, the existing literature primarily focuses on the quality of synthetic health data, neglecting the crucial aspect of fairness in downstream predictions. Consequently, models trained on synthetic EHR have faced criticism for producing biased outcomes in target tasks. These biases can arise from either spurious correlations between features or the failure of models to accurately represent subgroups. To address these concerns, we present Bias-transforming Gen-erative Adversarial Networks (Bt-GAN), a GAN-based synthetic data generator specifically designed for the healthcare domain. In order to tackle spurious correlations (i), we propose an information-constrained Data Generation Process (DGP) that enables the generator to learn a fair deterministic transformation based on a well-defined notion of algorithmic fairness. To overcome the challenge of capturing exact subgroup representations (ii), we incentivize the generator to preserve subgroup densities through score-based weighted sampling. This approach compels the generator to learn from underrepresented regions of the data manifold. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. Our results demonstrate that Bt-GAN achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while significantly improving fairness and minimizing bias amplification. Furthermore, we perform an in-depth explainability analysis to provide additional evidence supporting the validity of our study. In conclusion, our research introduces a novel and professional approach to addressing the limitations of synthetic data generation in the healthcare domain. By incorporating fairness considerations and leveraging advanced techniques such as GANs, we pave the way for more reliable and unbiased predictions in healthcare applications.

Spam Unveiled: Exploring Types and Approaches in Handling Spam MessagesNurul Firzana Binti SamliFaculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara, UiTM Tapah, Malaysia2022923861@student.uitm.edu.myNur Atikah Binti ZolkeflyFaculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara, UiTM Tapah, Malaysia

A document by Faten Mostafa Hatem. Click on the document to view its contents.

Voice authentication has become critical for secure access control while achieving usability. Background noise and increased security requirements, however, continue to be problems. This paper presents MelSpectroNet, an innovative voice authentication system using Siamese neural network trained on over one million samples. It leverages mel spec-trograms for efficient feature extraction and employs noise reduction, enhancing reliability. The model achieves 96.62% test accuracy, demonstrating efficacy. Our methodology involves audio denoising, meticulous spectrogram preprocessing, a tailored Siamese architecture, and rigorous training. Testing demonstrates MelSpectroNet's exceptional performance and ability to generalize. However, enhancing longitudinal accuracy by accounting for natural voice variations over time still needs exploration. Overall, MelSpectroNet pioneers highly accurate and usable voice au-thentication with enhanced security. It balances user convenience and stringent authentication needs. This research motivates further work to optimize these systems for diverse conditions while advancing security and inclusiveness.

This research proposes a context-aware language model designed to predict the subsequent user question based on a given context. Harnessing the capabilities of Google-FLAN-T5, an advanced language model, our approach integrates a memory mechanism to preserve the generated question within the specified context. The model's proficiency in capturing context and generating pertinent questions leads to an enhanced user interaction experience, fostering improved outcomes in diverse applications. The research encompasses a systematic methodology for constructing the machine learning model, encompassing data collection, preprocessing, tokenization, model implementation, and fine-tuning stages. Our model's performance evaluation is executed via comprehensive experiments, incorporating an array of assessment metrics, including BLEU-1, BLEU-2, BLEU-3, BLEU-4, ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-L. The results showcase the efficacy and practical applicability of our proposed approach, underscoring its potential to drive advancements in context-aware question generation utilizing expansive language models and external APIs, exemplified by Cohere.

The intermediate infrared region (IMIR, 4 – 8 µm) provides significant advantages over the visible-shortwave infrared and mid-infrared for quantitative determination of mafic mineral composition. In particular, olivine’s sharp spectral features in IMIR spectra exhibit systematic shifts in wavelength position with iron-magnesium content. Previous IMIR studies have used laboratory data, with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and spectral resolutions greater than those expected of imaging spectrometers. Here we employ a feature fitting algorithm to quantitatively assess the influence of SNR and sampling rate on olivine detection and compositional interpretation from IMIR data. We demonstrate that olivine is easily distinguished from pyroxene and other lunar-relevant minerals across IMIR wavelengths, with the feature-fitting algorithm effectively determining olivine composition for various synthetic, terrestrial, Martian, and lunar samples with an average error of only 6.4 mol%. We then apply the feature-fitting routine to degraded spectra with reduced SNRs and sampling rates, establishing data-quality thresholds for accurate determination of olivine composition. Spectra for the sample most relevant to lunar exploration, an Apollo 74002 drive tube consisting of microcrystalline olivine and glass-rich pyroclastics, required SNRs ≥ 200 for sampling rates ≤ 25 nm to predict composition within ±11 Mg# (molar Mg/[Mg+Fe] * 100) of the sample’s true composition. Derived limits on SNRs and sampling rates will serve as valuable inputs for the development of IMIR imaging spectrometers, enabling comprehensive knowledge of olivine composition across the lunar surface and providing valuable insight into the Moon’s crustal history and thermal evolution.

Increased anthropogenic stressors (e.g., warming, acidification, wildfires and other extreme events) present complex observational challenges for Earth science, and no one sensor can ‘do it all.’ While many remote sensing technologies are available at present, scientific disciplines are often trained to use only a specific subset, greatly limiting scientific advancements. Here we present open-source software (‘icepyx’) that lowers the barrier for entry for two remote platforms offering vertically-resolved information about the ocean’s subsurface: ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2) and Argo floats. icepyx provides object-oriented code for querying and downloading ICESat-2 and Argo data within a single analysis workflow. icepyx natively handles ICESat-2 data access and read-in; here we introduce the Query, Unify, Explore SpatioTemporal (QUEST) module as a framework for adapting icepyx to easily access and ingest other datasets and present Argo data as the initial use case. Seamless retrieval of coincident data from ICESat-2 and Argo enables improved targeted and exploratory studies across the cryosphere and open ocean realms. We close with recommendations for future work, a discussion of the value of open science, relevance of our work to upcoming satellite missions, and an invitation to join our programming community.

West Africa continues to host a growing number of low and intermediate-magnitude earth- quakes (M2-5) along its passive margins, and its continental interior. Earthquake activity in these regions raises the need to comprehend the causes and the tectonic controls of the seismicity. Unfortunately, such studies are rare. Here, we apply single-station inversion techniques to constrain fourteen focal mechanisms, computed after compiling a set of high- quality waveforms. We describe the connection between seismicity, the contemporary stress field, anthropogenic activity, and Holocene fault scarps in the region. Our results indicate transpressive stresses acting on the inherited brittle structures in the passive margins. We also observe a compressive regime in the intracontinental failed rifts. We attribute the seismicity to the reactivation of ‘weak’ faults in the Neoproterozoic and Mesozoic failed rifts, the passive transform structures, and the intracratonic Precambrian brittle shear zones.

Financial relationships between board-certified neurologists and pharmaceutical industry in Japan Anju Murayama1,2*; Kenichi Higuchi1; Yuki Senoo, MD, MUDr3

INTRODUCTION:Advanced chronic kidney disease is described as stages 3-5 of the chronic kidney disease classification defined as a reduction in glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/min (1). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been known as one of the prominent risk factors for coronary artery disease (2). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become an acceptable alternative to open heart surgery in patients suffering from coronary artery disease (3). This procedure improves patient survival, appropriately controls angina symptoms, reduces the need for long-term hospitalization, and reduces treatment costs (4-5). However, similar to other invasive or even minimally invasive therapeutic interventions, this procedure should be performed in high-risk groups with some considerations and precautions. These patients may experience far different outcomes than low-risk patients who have PCI. In patients with chronic kidney disorders, the need to use contrast material, scheduling consecutive dialysis sessions, the risk of microembolization, and requiring arterial wall instrumentation may lead to poorer outcomes of the PCI procedure, and the clinical benefits of PCI may be lower in such patients (6). In the last decade, various trials have evaluated the outcomes of the procedure in patients with CKD, which were basically associated with contradictory results. In a large, randomized trial (ISCHEMIA-CKD) on 777 CKD patients who underwent PCI procedure or medical therapy, 3.2-year outcomes including death, cardiac ischemic attack, or re-hospitalization were shown to be similar in both groups (7). In several trials, the presence of underlying chronic kidney disease was considered a major risk factor for long-term poorer outcomes following PCI, such as higher mortality and progression of renal impairment (8-9), also the impaired renal elimination of antithrombotic drugs exposes these patients to a higher likelihood of bleeding complications (10-11). During our literature review on databases, we found a small number of studies looking into the impacts of PCI on ACKD patients, Limpijankit and his colleague as one of the few studies in this matter determined one-year survival of PCI among 207 CKD patients stage 4-5 without dialysis and 5 with dialysis was 65.2%, 68.0% and 69.4 respectively (12).   Therefore, the outcome of PCI procedures in patients with ACKD still remains uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the clinical outcomes of PCI in cases with Advanced chronic kidney disease and compared the in-patient mortality rate of PCI between ACKD and non-ACKD candidates.

Modern hybrid robot cells leverage heterogeneous agents to provide agile production solutions. Effective agent coordination is crucial to avoid inefficiencies and potential hazards for human operators working among robots. This paper proposes a new human-aware task allocation and scheduling model based on Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) to optimize efficiency and safety during task planning, scheduling, and allocation. The approach introduces a synergy index that encodes the coupling effects between pairs of tasks executed in parallel by the agents. These terms are learned from previous process executions by means of a Bayesian linear estimation. The task planning model is enhanced by the knowledge of synergy terms to adapt the nominal duration of the plan to consider the effect of the operator's presence. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in obtaining a proactive human-aware solution starting from the task planning level. The proposed model reduces process execution time and achieves solutions with less agent interference, more considerable human-robot distance, and, thus, safer for agents.

A document by Ying Chen. Click on the document to view its contents.

The preprint version of this work has now been formally published. Going forward, please cite the final WRR publication instead of the preprint:Wang, J., Pottier, C., Cazals, C., Battude, M., Sheng, Y., Song, C., Sikder, M.S., Yang, X., Ke, L., Delhoume, M., Gosset, M., Oliveira, R.R.A., Grippa, M., Girard, F., Allen, G.H., Xu, X., Zhu, X., Biancamaria, S., Smith, L.C., Crétaux, J.-F., and Pavelsky, T. (2025). The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission (SWOT) Prior Lake Database (PLD): Lake mask and operational auxiliaries. Water Resources Research, 61, e2023WR036896. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036896

A document by Kelvin Prince YANKEY. Click on the document to view its contents.

W John Martin MD, PhD.

Abstract

W John Martin MD, PhD. and Steve GruhnInstitute of Progressive MedicineSouth Pasadena CA 91030Running Title: Ecological Restoration Through the Action of KELEA on Polluted WaterAuthor Mailing Address: 1634 Spruce Street South Pasadena CA 91030E-Mail: wjohnmartin@ccid.orgPhone: 01-626-616-2868Author ORCID Number: 0000-0002-9947-4374Conflicts of Interests: NoneWord Count w/o References, Figure Legends, and Acknowledgement: 1,710AbstractThis article introduces a simple and cost-effective method to restore ecological allostasis in disordered environments damaged by water pollution. It is achievable by elevating the water level of a life force energy appropriately called KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction). KELEA is proposed as the driving force of the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) pathway. This pathway differs from cellular energy obtained via metabolism from the calories in consumed food. Previously pulverized, heated, and subsequently pelleted volcanic rock material, marketed as Kiko Technology, can initiate a continuing process beginning with KELEA activation of water molecules. This can lead to a reduction in dissolved contaminants, some of which can be further removed using adsorbing charcoal (42-Biochar). This combination has led to a reemergence of normal fauna in a treated tributary of the Big Spirit Lake in Iowa. Many of the resulting adaptive environmental changes may reflect an early increase in the levels of beneficial microbes within the treated water. Continuing allosteric adaptations can recreate an environment conducive to larger animal species’ survival. Providing sufficient cellular energy to empower Nature’s capacity for self-healing represents a major paradigm shift from relying upon filtrations and additions of complex chemicals to cleanse polluted water.Key Words:KELEA, Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction, ACE, Alternative Cellular Energy, Nature, Water Pollution, Tipping Points, Blue green algae, zebra mussels, hydrogen sulfide, ecology, fauna, Kiko pellets, Biochar, Water, Big Spirit Lake, Allostasis, Beaver, Muskrat, Beneficial microbesIntroductionMost natural phenomena undergo considerable day-to-day and/or season-to-season variabilities. Yet, through allosteric adaptations to temporary changes [1], Nature maintains a rather constant and predictable mean value when viewed over extended periods. There is, however, a growing realization that some phenomena, such as global warming, may have exceeded the limits from which the natural restoration toward the norm is no longer possible. So too can be the intrinsic capacity of Nature to recover from excessive regional levels of water and atmospheric pollution. This irreversibility reflects the folly of humans who have forced aspects of Nature beyond what have become tipping points. These situations can be framed within the context of the accumulation of detrimental effects surpassing and overwhelming the resilient capacity of natural repair and regeneration.Nature has endowed humans with many wonderments in terms of beauty and resources. Humans have also gained a better understanding of ways of assisting Nature to return to a more self-sustainable eco-balance. There is both an opportunity and an obligation to use this understanding to give back to Nature.This article describes the continuing secondary benefits that can be triggered by using a simple approach to initiate improvements in the quality of water, which has been environmentally damaged. The approach is based on the cost-effective utilization of a natural force termed KELEA, an abbreviation for Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction [2]. It is proposed that Nature depends on this energy to prevent the fusion and potential annihilation of electrostatically attracted opposing electrical charges. KELEA also serves as a life force energy mainly through its ability to loosen the electrostatic hydrogen bonding between water molecules [3]. It reduces the bonding of water molecules to hydrophilic chemicals as well as to various electrolytes. Conversely, KELEA can increase the capacity of water to accommodate hydrophobic molecules, including oxygen. Many chemical reactions can be equated with the transfer of KELEA between the reacting molecules [4]. KELEA’s life-supporting activities occur through what has been termed the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) pathway [5].A reasonable speculation is that KELEA comes to the earth in association with the electrical charges that comprise cosmic rays. It has been further proposed that the atmospheric electrical charges, which are created by the greatly increased levels of manmade electromagnetic transmission, have reduced the levels of KELEA reaching the earth’s surface [6]. This is a potential explanation for some of the environmental changes affecting the earth, including a reduced natural self-correcting allostatic ability to maintain healthy water.Regional Areas of Unhealthy WaterThe quality of water in many lakes and rivers has deteriorated over the last several decades. In addition to the proposed reduction in KELEA, much of the deterioration is blamed on contaminating toxic chemicals, including fertilizers, pesticides, industrial wastes, and heavy metals. Among the unfavorable outcomes is the loss of diversity of life forms, with periods of excessive growth of dominating organisms like toxin-producing algae, phytoplankton, and in some locations, invasive species such as zebra mussels in the Great Lakes of North America [7]. Anaerobic microbial metabolism can lead to the production of malodorous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4).Increasing the Availability of KELEACertain compounds and devices with fluctuating electrical charges can amplify the local levels of KELEA [8-11]. When placed into or even nearby to water, these compounds and devices can increase the level of KELEA in the water. Volcanic rock material that is formed into small pellets after being pulverized into a fine powder and heated to around 1,200o Celsius provides a low-cost way of increasing the levels of KELEA in accumulated bodies of water. These pellets are being marketed under the name Kiko. Relatively few Kiko pellets are needed in a body of water because the locally loosened water molecules can begin to attract KELEA with the further horizontal and vertical spreading of the KELEA-mediated water-activating process.Capacity of Biochar to Adsorb Toxins and to Add to the Level of Water ActivationBiochar refers to carbon-rich particulate material that can be produced by the burning of biological materials in an environment with insufficient oxygen to convert the carbon content of the material to carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The resulting carbon particles typically have an excess of negative hydroxyl charges that can bind positively charged heavy metals, some of which can further link to other negative charges. In this way, adding biochar to water can help reduce levels of both positive-charged and negative-charged toxic chemicals. Electrostatic biochar (animated ash) can also attract environmental KELEA enabling an additional level of water activation.Beneficial MicrobesNature has a dynamic fluidity of interacting components, broadly classified as inorganic or organic. Bacteria and other microbes play major roles in the bilateral conversions between these two categories. They also form the foundations for the continuing vitality of other life forms, including plants, animals, and humans. Alterations within the microbial populations are associated with many types of disorders. An empirical observation is that KELEA activated water is more supportive of beneficial versus altered microbes. This is supported by ongoing studies, which include the use of small additions of minerals and amino acids supplements to KELEA activated water.Specific ProtocolSix Kiko pellets were placed in two water-permeable bags containing approximately 20 pounds of 42-biochar. The bags were submerged into the water in a narrow tributary close to where it enters the Big Spirit Lake in Iowa. Within a few days, there was a noticeable reduction in the surface algae and a marked reduction in the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas. Without any further interventions, the water became progressively clearer over the next several weeks. What next occurred was truly remarkable. Beavers appeared and constructed a dam across the waterway (Figure 1). A long-term resident could not recall seeing signs of beavers anywhere along this waterway over the last 20-30 years. Beavers are sometimes considered keystone species in helping to create ecological environments that are supportive of other animals [12]. Consistent with this premise, there were sounds and sightings of bullfrogs and the appearance of muskrats’ mounds. Again, the long-term resident could recall hearing or seeing either over the last 20-30 years. He also saw far more birds than on his prior visit.The indications are that the improved water quality is extending further along the tributary with more live animals appearing on the water banks. The simple intervention has seemingly restored a sustainable and expanding self-correcting ecosystem. Indeed, the bags containing the Kiko pellets and biochar have now been removed from the water.The use of Kiko pellets in conjunction with biochar was seemingly able to reduce certain critical components, which were preventing spontaneous and adaptive repair of the ecosystem. Bringing these components back below the threshold or trigger point has reenabled a continuing capacity for self-repair. Having pushed Nature beyond these thresholds, it is fitting that humans actively contribute to Nature’s reentry into the allosteric zone of self-reinvigoration [13].Based on these results, several other tributaries into the Big Spirit Lake have now been treated using all three approaches (Kiko pellets, biochar, and nutrients). Quality of water improvements are occurring in the treated areas. Other areas of contaminated water are currently undergoing similar treatments with equally favorable results. These include water on a major golf course that had been contaminated for years with blooms of toxic algae.PerspectiveConventional efforts to enhance water quality typically focus on eliminating toxic substances through filtration, absorption, and chemical interventions to control overgrown harmful organisms. The repeated occurrences of noxious algae blooms and the persistent presence of pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, industrial wastes, and heavy metals in Big Spirit Lake and its tributaries underscore the limitations of these methods. Additionally, the invasive zebra mussels throughout the lake contribute to clogged pipes and diminished plankton levels. While Nature can naturally adapt to certain levels of disturbances through allostasis, exceeding these levels leads to a breakdown in self-repairing mechanisms. This then results in disorder, which becomes further reflected in the loss of wildlife and consequential additional environmental damage. Rather than trying to address individual aberrations, such as using copper to poison zebra mussels [14], a more straightforward approach is to simply provide Nature with additional life-force energy. This is intended to bring Nature back into the allostasis zone (Figure 2). By doing so, Nature can initiate further progressive allosteric adaptations toward self-repair. Thus, even minimal human intervention by elevating the water levels of KELEA has the potential to reinvigorate multiple life forms. The life-repairing process probably begins with the support of beneficial microbes, possibly reactivating some that had become dormant. These beneficial microbes, in turn, contribute to creating favorable environments for more complex life forms, fostering further environmental improvement. The approach of harmonizing with Nature, rather than manipulating individual components, extends to the use of KELEA in improving human and animal health, agriculture, and creating more efficient industrial processes, including fuel consumption [15-21].Acknowledgment. Mr. James Osugi Chairman of Kiko Technology Limited, registered in Hong Kong SAR, provided the Kiko pellets and directions for their use. Mr. Steve Gruhn is an executive in the corporation that provided the 42-biochar. He lives near the Big Spirit Lake and personally applied pellets and biochar to the first selected site. Mr. Dave Sybesma of D&K Investments has treated the other five sites on the lake. He has also supplied the mineral water solution. Research on KELEA and the ACE Pathway is supported by MI Hope Inc., a non-profit public charity. One of the missions of MI Hope Inc. is to help in the compiling and reporting of data relating to clinical, agricultural, and industrial applications of KELEA. Information on KELEA is available in the cited references.ReferencesSchulkin J (2004) Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation . Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom pp 372Martin WJ (2014) Stealth Adapted Viruses; Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) & KELEA Activated Water. Author House, Bloomington IN USA p321.Martin WJ (2015) KELEA: A natural energy that seemingly reduces intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water and other liquids. Open J. Biophysics 5(3): 69-79.Martin WJ (2017) Is KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) a source of chemical energy? MOJ Biorg. Org. Chem.1(2): 54‒58.Martin WJ (2017) The many biological functions of the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. Int. J. Complement. Alt. Med.7(5): 00237.Martin WJ (2016) KELEA, cosmic rays, cloud formation and electromagnetic radiation: Electropolution as a possible explanation for climate change. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 6(2): 174-179.Larson JH, Bailey SW, Evans MA (2022) Biofouling of a unionid mussel by dreissenid mussels in nearshore zones of the Great Lakes.Ecol Evol 12(12): e9557.Martin WJ (2015) KELEA activation of water and other fluids for health, agriculture and industry. J. Water Resources and Protection 7(16): 1331-1344.Martin WJ (2015) Interacting light paths attract KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) and can lead to the activation of water. Open J Biophysics 5(4): 115-121.Martin WJ (2015) Interacting electric fields attract KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) and can lead to the activation of water. Int. J. Complement. Alt. Med. 1(6): 00034.Martin WJ (2015) Is the brain an activator of the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway? Int J Complement Alt Med. 1(1): 00002.Fedyń I, Przepióra F, Sobociński W, Wyka J, Ciach M. Eurasian beaver - A semi-aquatic ecosystem engineer rearranges the assemblage of terrestrial mammals in winter (2022) Sci, Total Environ. 831: 154919.Schulkin J (2004) Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation . Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom pp 372Le TTY, Grabner D, Nachev M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Hendriks AJ, Sures B. (2021) Modelling copper toxicokinetics in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, under chronic exposures at various pH and sodium concentrations. Chemosphere 267: 129278.Martin WJ (2014) KELEA activated water leading to improved quantity & quality of agricultural crops. Adv. Plants & Agriculture Research 2(1): 00033.Martin WJ (2015) KELEA activation of water and other fluids for health, agriculture and industry. J. Water Resources and Protection 7(16): 1331-1344.Martin WJ (2021) Enhancing the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway with KELEA activated water as therapy for infectious diseases.Infectious Disorders – Drug Targets 21(3): 314-19.Martin WJ (2023) A low-cost practical approach to markedly improving rice cultivation using Kiko volcanic rock derived pellets to enhance the plants’ alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway via KELEA activation of groundwater. agriRxiv October 25.Martin WJ (2015) Improved efficiency of heat exchange using KELEA activated water. Open J. Energy Efficiency 4: 36-43.Martin WJ (2016) KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) can markedly improve the performance of gasoline and diesel fuels in power generation and transportation. J. Transportation Technologies 6(3): 148-154.Martin WJ (2017) Using KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) to improve the efficiency of fuel combustion. Open J. Air Pollution 6(3): 103-116.Legend to Figure 1. Photograph of the beaver dam across the tributary to the Big Spirit Lake. The photo was taken by Mr. Steve Gruhn three months after he had added KELEA-attracting Kiko pellets and 42-biochar to this same site. At the time of the addition, the water at this location was covered with blue green algae and was producing noxious hydrogen sulfide gas.Legend to Figure 2. An illustration of the limited extent to which Nature by itself can respond to changed environmental conditions using energy-dependent allosteric adaptations. Additional sources of energy are required to bring a discorded, energy-insufficient, environment back past the tipping points ( ) into the zone of self-correcting allostasis. KELEA can potentially provide this energy, especially through its water-activating actions. Only minimal amounts of KELEA, as indicated by the arrows, may be required to initiate the self-healing process.

A document by Musrea Ghaseb . Click on the document to view its contents.

 In recent years, advancements in food packaging have been developing beyond the bars. Is this alarming? Consumers perceive packaged food as more convenient and extravagant. It is a red signal; we need to be vigilant with these plastic packages. Our lives have been surrounded by plastic; do we take it for granted? The plastic packages still remain an astonishing discovery by mankind, but also a threatening one. The problems here to inculcate are those migrants from the plastics. Regulatory agencies provide regulations on the usage of these migrants, but why is it still a matter of discussion? Over time, research studies peel back the layers and illuminate the detrimental effects of plastics. But they are still in applications, and what more can we expect? The current study provides insight into the plastic food packaging system and the migrants, specifically Bisphenol A and Phthalates.

Citation: Principe, L.; Lupia, T.; Andriani, L.; Campanile, F.; Carcione, D.; Corcione, S.; Rosa, F.G.D.; Luzzati, R.; Stroffolini, G.; Steyde, M.; et al.