In the present paper, we deal with the following Kirchhoff-Schr\”{o}dinger-Poisson system with logarithmic and critical nonlinearity: \begin{equation*} \begin{array}{ll} \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \ds\B(a+b\int_\Omega|\nabla u|^2\mathrm{d}x \B)\Delta u+V(x)u-\frac{1}{2}u\Delta (u^2)+\phi u=\lambda |u|^{q-2}u\ln|u|^2+|u|^4u, &x\in \Omega, \\ -\Delta \phi=u^2,& x\in \Omega, \\ u=0,& x\in \R^3\setminus\Omega, \end{array} \right . \end{array} \end{equation*} where $\lambda,b>0,a>\frac{1}{4},4

The determinant of species diversity in a community is one of the most fundamental topics in ecology. Although serious concerns have been given, there is very little consensus on this question and other related issues, such as species coexistence, latitudinal diversity gradient, the distribution of species relative abundance and so on. This study treats the community as an energy transfer system, which is supposed to be restricted by the second law of thermodynamics and the rule of increasing entropy. The main purpose is to understand the processes of energy division among species according to the second law and increasing entropy. To this end, a thought experiment is presented and three theoretical conclusions are derived. (1) The theoretical maximum of species diversity is 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4… ; (2) Richness is infinite in theory; (3) Species diversity will be affected by the factors that act on the entropy, which is the essence of diversity. These points are tested by empirical samples that include 8,272 quantitative communities from three datasets. If these conclusions can be verified by further investigations, a unified theory of species diversity may be developed toward the nice prospect for the reform of the basic understanding of community.

Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypes is of importance in evolutionary biology, and genetic improvement of economic animals. The Giant strain of fighting fish, Betta splendens, provides a unique material for dissecting the genetic architecture of overgrowth of body size because of its giant body size. We re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 54 fighting fish. Genome-wide FST and selective sweeps scans using 3,582,429 DNA variants revealed that three genomic regions at chr1, chr9 and chr11 were associated with the giant body size. These regions, with a total length of ~ 3.5 Mb, were highly diverged between the Giant and the non-Giant bettas. In contrast, no signature of selection was detected in the wild type fish. Transcriptome analysis in the brain and muscle samples from Giant and non-Giant betta fish identified 14 candidate genes that were likely responsible for the giant body size. Our data provide novel insight into the genetic basis of body size variation. The genome and transcriptome sequences, DNA sequence variants and candidate genes for body size provide valuable resources for further biological and evolutionary studies, as well as for rapid improvement of growth-related traits.

Hydatid cyst of pulmonary artery is extremely rare. There were few reports of intramural involvement of pulmonary artery secondary to cardiac or lung hydatic cyst in literature. To the best of our knowledge there was no report of primary isolated extraluminal hydatid cyst of left pulmonary artery. A twenty-eight–year-old female presented to the hospital with complaint of progressive dyspnea. The patients had no common COVID-19 infection symptoms. The RT-PCR for COVID-19 RNA was negative. Spiral chest CT-scan demonstrated a cystic mass sized 83×34 in middle mediastinum. Intraoperatively, the intrapericardial mass arising from left pulmonary artery and extended to the hilum of left atrium. The mass was resected and pathology report noted a hydatid cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged with administration of albendazol for 3 months. However hydatid cyst primary isolated extraluminal hydatid cyst of pulmonary artery are extremely rare, in cases with pulmonary artery stenos or hypertension manifestation should be considered as a probable differential diagnoses. Regarding to ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the present case misdiagnosed with coronavirus infection.

The prevalence of asthma in children in Europe is an average of 10.3%. The role of asthma as a risk factor for COVID-19 in children is unknown. Our aim was to study the prevalence of asthma in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to compare them in hospitalized children and those with mild ambulatory symptoms. We conducted an observational retrospective study in 99 children (between 3- 17 years of age) with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and December 2020. The existence of a history of asthma was investigated using the validated ISAAC questionnaire and clinical data on COVID-19 were compiled. The median age was 10 years (IQR=13-5), and 60/99 (60.6%) patients had mild infections controlled as outpatient, while 39/99 (39.4%) required admission. The prevalence of asthma ─affirmative response to question 6 of the ISAAC questionnaire─ was 11.1% (11/99). The prevalence of asthma in children who required admission increased to 17.9% and to 21.4% in patients requiring PICU, while in outpatients children was 6.7% (p=0.079). We found a significant association between the use of salbutamol during the last year and the need for admission (23.1% in hospitalized patients vs 3.3% in outpatients; OR= 8.7, 95%CI 1.7-42.8). Likewise, budesonide treatment in the last year (17.9% vs 1.7%, OR= 12.9, 95%CI 1.5-109.5) was also a risk factor for admission. Therefore, a history of asthma was not a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in our series, but active asthma could be a risk factor for severity and need for hospitalization for COVID-19 in children

COVID-19 has caused global pandemics since the emergent outbreak and resulted in a large number of deaths. IL-6, as an important autoimmune cytokine, had been suggested for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients in COVID-19. A review of the relevant literature revealed more than one role for IL-6 in the lung infection because of its diverse biological effects. It may have a variety of different physiological functions in the development of lung infection. We have summarized its role in different progress of COVID-19, including lung infection, pneumonia, ALI, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung translation and even lung cancer. This will facilitate a deeper understanding of the role of IL-6 in the treatment of COVID-19.

Introduction: The study explored the effect of management system on the haematological profiles of African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys ansorgei) as compared to the natural environment standard procedures were observed in determining haematological parameters. Method: The blood samples were collected from the rats both wild and captivity rats, analyzed using statistically the descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were done using SPSS version 20. Results: The southern giant pouched rats in the wild had higher counts (mean ± standard deviation) for RBC (6.5±1.5) and lymphocytes (38.1±15.7) than housed rats. The rats in captivity had high reading of total white blood cell counts (8.7±2.4), neutrophils (3.5±2.4) and eosinophil (1.4±1.01) than the wild rats. The blood indices showed that wild rats have relatively higher reading on PCV (42.1±7.4) and HBC (18.5±1.8); whereas the rats in captivity had high reading on MCV (72.9±6.7), Thrombin concentration (380.2±104.5) and MPV (7.6±0.9). The determination of sex versus blood cells and indices; it was shown that female wild rats had high reading on RBC (7.2±1.3), WBC (7.8±1.7) and lymphocytes (35.0±1.8) compared to males; the male rats had high reading on monocytes (3.3±1.9), neutrophils (2.3±1.3) and eosinophil (1.0±0.5). The relation of sex to the determined heamotological parameters had no significant difference. The blood indices with respect to se of the rats; it was shown that wild male rats had high reading on MCV (67.0±18.8), PCV (39.8±9.6), HBC (14.9±4.4) and thrombin concentration (387.0±109.0); meanwhile the rats in captivity the reading were not significant different. Conclusion: The present study presents preliminary haematological profiles of southern giant pouched rats in Morogoro which could be useful to researchers in animal physiology. The authors are adamant that these findings provide an insight on further research areas for laboratory based animals and studies on human parameters involving rats or mine in the tropics

Objective To examine whether the risk of low birth weight stratified by preterm and term deliveries was different between pregnant women exposed or unexposed to violence. Design A population-based retrospective cohort study. Population Four national databases in Taiwan were linked for analysis. Method A total of 1,322 subjects associated with a report of domestic violence during pregnancy were compared with 485,981 subjects without any record of reported domestic violence. Results The percentage of low birth weight in the group exposed to domestic violence was significantly higher than in the unexposed group with full-term delivery (48.6% vs. 46.7%, P=0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference with preterm delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women exposed to domestic violence had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI: 10.5, 1.79) for low birth weight in full-term delivery; however, domestic violence was not significantly associated with low birth weight in preterm delivery. Conclusions Women whose full-term neonate had low birth weight should be high-priority targets for domestic violence screening in the perinatal health care system.

Objective:To compare the effects of conventional treatment alone and combined with quadratus lumborum(QL) dry needling on maximal isometric force of the gluteus medius(GM), knee pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrom(PFPS). Methods:Participants with PFPS(N=56) were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy for 6 sessions. Besides the above intervention, the intervention group received also QL dry needling for 3 sessions. Pain (Visual analog scale), function (Kujala score) and maximal isometric force of GM were recorded at baseline, immediately after the first and sixth session. Analysis of variance(2groups*3times) was used to compare within- and between-group differences. Results:At baseline, no variable showed significant differences between groups (P>0.05). The six-session treatment led to a significant reduction in pain intensity and function and improvement of maximal isometric force of GM in both groups compared to baseline and immediately after the first session (p <0.05). There were no significant differences in all variables between two groups after six sessions. Conclusions:The current clinical trial suggests that QL dry needling did not result in improved outcomes for maximal isometric force of the GM, knee pain and function in individuals with PFPS. What is already known about this topic? Gluteus medius dysfunction may cause patellofemoral pain syndrome. In response to dysfunction of Gluteus medius, Quadratus lumborum , which is the synergy of this muscle, is prone to become overuse. muscle overuse can lead to the development of trigger points. Subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome have a higher prevalence of trigger points in Quadratus lumborum causing inhibition of Gluteus medius. What does this article add? the effects of Quadratus lumborum dry needling were investigated among people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. maximal isometric force of the Gluteus medius, knee pain and function were assessed to evaluate the impact of Quadratus lumborum dry needling.

Ectopic potentials in the SVC can act not only as a trigger but also as a driver of AF. In the present case, the atrium resumed a sinus rhythm spontaneously on the completion of SVC isolation and AF could no longer be induced. However, there was residual fibrillatory activity in the SVC. These findings suggest that residual activity in the SVC worked as a driver of AF. In the presence of a fibrillatory pattern, conventional activation mapping techniques cannot map residual SVC activity. ICL mapping using the CARTO system can identify the target site of ablation in the isolated SVC.

Background: In sickle cell disease (SCD), cognitive impairment is a manifestation of end organ damage with devastating functional effects. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for the highest annual SCD burden in the world, yet little is known about cognitive impairment in children from Africa with SCD. Additionally, it is unknown if hydroxyurea, the first FDA-approved drug for SCD, preserves cognitive functioning. The primary objective of this study was to assess the potential cognitive benefits of hydroxyurea administered for ≥ 1 year in children with SCD from Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The cognitive functioning (psychomotor function, attention, working memory and executive function) of children with SCD (aged 5-13 years) on hydroxyurea (cases) was compared to that of an age-matched group not on hydroxyurea (controls). Results: Children taking hydroxyurea (n=30) had higher hemoglobin (mean 9.34 vs 8.32 g/dL, P=0.012) and red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (mean 94 vs 77 fL, P<0.001) when compared to the non-hydroxyurea group (n=28). Children in the hydroxyurea group performed significantly better in the area of working memory (adjusted difference -0.06, p=0.03), while there was no significant difference in the other domains. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in Africa exploring the impact of hydroxyurea on cognitive functioning. While causality cannot be inferred in this observational study, our results suggest that hydroxyurea may improve cognitive functioning. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to further assess potential cognitive benefits of hydroxyurea, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Auricular haematoma is often seen in the external ear of people commonly involved in contact sports. Failure to recognize and drain the haematoma results in cauliflower ear.

There is a high demand for the production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli for biotechnological applications but their production is still limited by their insolubility. Fusion tags have been successfully used to enhance the solubility of aggregation-prone proteins; however, smaller and more powerful tags are desired for increasing the yield and quality of target proteins. Herein, NEXT tag, a 53 amino acid-length solubility enhancer, is described. The NEXT tag showed outstanding ability to improve both in vivo and in vitro solubilities with minimal effect on passenger proteins. The C-terminal region of the tag was mostly responsible for in vitro solubility, while the N-terminal region was essential for in vivo soluble expression. The NEXT tag appeared to be intrinsically disordered and seemed to exclude neighboring molecules and prevent protein aggregation by acting as an entropic bristle. This novel peptide tag should have general use as a fusion partner to increase the yield and quality of difficult-to-express proteins.

Targeted delivery has not been achieved for anthelmintic treatment, leading to excess drugs and side effects for therapeutics. For that, drug-loaded, biocompatible nanoparticles were made using lipids that helminths uptake as a food source. The formulation showed excellent drug (albendazole) loading efficiency of 83.3 ± 6.5 mg/g with sustained-release properties and showed 86.4 ± 3.9 % of drug release within 24 h. Furthermore, upon ingestion of Rhodamine B loaded particles by Haemonchus contortus, a time-dependent release of dye was observed in the alimentary canal followed by dissemination in the whole worm. The intestinal sustained-release property was shown by the particles that caused enhancement of albendazole potency for up to 50 folds. Therefore, this formulation has immense potential as an anthelminthic drug delivery vehicle that will not only be able to reduce the dose but will also reduce the drug-induced side effects by enhancing the bioavailability of the drug.

The first contribution of this paper is the extension of the non-iterative transformation method, proposed by T\”opfer more than a century ago and defined for the numerical solution of the Blasius problem, to a Blasius problem with extended boundary conditions. This method, which makes use of the invariance of two physical parameters with respect to an extended scaling group of point transformations, allows us to solve numerically the Blasius problem with extended boundary conditions by solving a related initial value problem and then rescaling the obtained numerical solution. Therefore, our method is an initial value method. However, in this way, we cannot fix in advance the values of the physical parameters, and if we need just to compute the numerical solution for given values of the two parameters we have to define an iterative extension of the transformation method, which is the second contribution of this work.

Letter to the Editor

Background Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive symptoms. Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy may be associated with antenatal or postpartum depression along with other neurocognitive symptoms including restless leg syndrome. Objectives: To systematically review the literature regarding vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency in pregnancy and effects on the maternal neurocognitive state. Search Strategy: Medline, Embase, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to October, 2020. Selection Criteria: Reports on vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnancy were searched. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were synthesized and presented narratively. Main Results: The five studies included in the analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant link between vitamin B12 deficiency or insufficiency and either restless leg syndrome or depression in pregnancy. Conclusions: To date, evidence is lacking that would support a causal link between suboptimal vitamin B12 serum levels and maternal restless leg syndrome or depression.

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is among the most common causes of non-odontogenic pain in the orofacial region. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression level with TMDs in young conscripted males as a populationwith chronic stresses . Methods: A total number of 144 conscripted males with chronic stress and different levels of depression were assigned to four groups according to the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The control group consisted of age-matched conscripted males without chronic stress. The diagnosis of TMD was made according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria Axis I. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. Results: The participants with severe depression were significantly more susceptible to have TMD (p < 0.05) followed by the moderate depression, borderline clinical depression, mild mood disturbance, and control groups. The TMD diagnoses were more prevalent within depression groups compared with the control population (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The level of depression is associated with the presence of TMD in young conscripted males. The incidence of TMD increased by an increase in the severity of depression.

Small molecules non fullerene acceptors (NFAs) especially fused ring electrons accepters (FREAs) are the potential agents of revolution in organic photovoltaic devices. Fused ring core based organic solar cells (OSCs) have been revealed high power conversion efficiency; however, they still need further modification due to their low electron mobility. To make better FREAs with better electron mobility and enhanced optoelectronic properties, designing of accepter molecules through variation of end-capped units is considered a useful strategy now a day. Herein, an effort has been made to design and propose eight novel quad-rotor shaped fused ring core electron accepters (QRFR-1-QRFR-8) through modulating the four end-capped units of recently synthesized BFTT-TN molecule having quad–rotor structure., Employing DFT and TDDFT, optoelectronic properties of newly proposed accepter molecules have been determined through frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, density of states (DOS) analysis, transition density matrix (TDM), analysis of charge transfer and compared with reference molecule (BFTT-TN as QRFR).All the tailored molecules (QRFR-1-QRFR-8) disclose reduction in energy gap and intensive absorption near IR region than reference QRFR after end-capped engineering. The highest value of open circuit voltage (Voc) with respect to HOMOPM6–LUMOacceptor is found in QRFR-6 (1.66 V) than reference QRFR (1.63V) and comparable to reference QRFR in QRFR-8 molecule. Binding energies values of all designed molecules are found to be better and comparable with QRFR molecule. The reorganization energies of electron (λe) are found to be smaller than reference QRFR in all molecules except QRFR-5 molecule. The hole reorganization energies of QRFR-4, QRFR-8 QRFR-1, QRFR-2 are found to be less than QRFR. While λh of QRFR 6, QRFR-7, QRFR-3 and QRFR-5 are found to be higher than QRFR. The proposed quad-rotor shaped novel molecules have proficient hole and electron transfer mobilities and can serve as best candidate when blended with PM6 film. This study not only enlighten the researchers to use end-capped group modification as successful strategy for designing new quad-rotor shaped materials, but also provide novel materials to experimentalist for synthesis and their potential usage in future photovoltaic application of organic solar cell.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is managed with long-term corticosteroid and is suggested to higher dose, based on the general sick day principles. I presented a 5-year-old CAH case by pneumonia managed in our pediatrics department. Considering stress doses of cortisone in management of CAH patients with COVID19 should be considered.

For $00$ such that our problem (\ref{EQ}) has $m$ pairs of solutions for all $\lambda\in\left(0,\Lambda_{m}\right]$.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is continuously challenged by various biotic stresses including fungal, bacterial, viral, parasites, and insect pests. These stresses threaten global rice productivity each year. Numerous resistance (R) genes have been identified, but only a few of them have been deployed in rice improvement programs due to the rapid breakdown of resistance, pleiotropic effects, and negative associations with important agronomic traits. Modern varieties are being developed by pyramiding multiple R-genes from diverse germplasm. However, unregulated expression of R-genes often comes with unexpected yield trade-offs and poor plant fitness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that function as master regulators for balancing immunity and yield. Defense-related miRNAs such as Osa-miR156, Osa-miR162, Osa-miR396, and Osa-miR1873 have been identified in rice that fine-tunes immunity and yield under various biotic stresses. Recent advances showed that many immune-responsive miRNAs also regulate many complex traits of agronomic importance. This allows researchers to assemble the appropriate combinations of agriculturally important traits to be targeted using genetic engineering approaches that involved miRNAs.

Brucellosis is an age-old most common zoonotic disease having global distribution, and the disease affects people of all age groups and gender. The disease which is associated with protean manifestation causes a lot of morbidity and loss of man-hours which results in significant economic loss. Brucellosis can be often misdiagnosed as pyrexia of unknown origin due to the similarity in clinical manifestations. The impact of the disease in low-income populations, as well as the economy, raises the importance to study the disease in detail. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified brucellosis as one of the world’s leading neglected zoonotic diseases because of the burden that the infection places, especially on low-income countries. The article provides a brief outlook into the major aspects of brucellosis disease.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been reported to be endemic in Cambodia with numerous outbreaks in cattle, pigs, and other susceptible animal species. These outbreaks are caused by the FMD virus (FMDV) of serotype O PanAsia and Mya-98 lineages and serotype A Sea-97 lineage. However, the recent trans-pool movement of FMDV has raised concerns regarding infection with the new genotype or serotype of FMDV in this region. In this study, clinical samples (n = 33) originating from FMDV-affected cattle farms in Cambodia, in January through March, 2019 were genetically characterized to investigate the possible circulation of novel genotypes or serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed that all recent field viruses belonged to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e (15.8%), O/ME-SA/PanAsia (52.7%), and A/ASIA/Sea-97 (31.5%). Importantly, field viruses of the novel sublineage, O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e, were similar to strains that have caused recent outbreaks of FMD in India and Myanmar with 95.7–96.8% nucleotide sequence similarity. This is the first report of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e infection in Cambodia, suggesting that the trans-pool movement of the new genotype should be closely monitored for efficient control of FMD.