The legalization of cannabis and awareness of its end-use applications has resulted in the renewed consumer demand. An important challenge is achievement of high yield with minimum input for indoor production. The beneficial phytomicrobiome as a sustainable approach gives its potential and ability to enhance plant growth has already been evaluated for a range of plants. This study evaluated three individual plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR, Bacillus sp., Mucilaginibacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) on cannabis (cv. CBD Kush) cuttings’ root development and subsequent plant growth. Our hypothesis was that the PGPR would improve rooting speed of cuttings, yield attributes, and physiological variables. When compared to control (mock inoculation with MgSO4), inoculation with PGPR increased root length at vegetative stage and enhanced flower fresh weight by 5.13%, 6.94% and 11.45%, inoculating with Bacillus sp., Mucilaginibacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. While the plant height, node number, branch number and leaf area treated with PGPR was rarely different from control. Throughout growth (vegetative and reproductive), inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. resulted in the greatest increase in photosynthetic rate. Future research should investigate the effects of PGPR on the cannabinoid profile and the effect of various cell densities at inoculation, or different inoculation timings.

In this paper, by using rotational matrice which is the subgroups of the manifold M corresponding to rotation, some certain results of describing the surface are given in detail obtaining Killing vector field in G3, the rotational surfaces generated by the rotational matrices are given using an isotropic curve and isotropic matrice of rotation in G3. Moreover, taking the Gaussian and mean curvatures of this special rotational surface, we express the conditions being linear Weingarten surfaces and HK−quadric surface, harmonic surface.

The current study is devoted to finding the numerical solution of space and time-fractional hyperbolic Pennes bioheat equation (HPBE). The generalised Caputo fractional derivative is used to get space and time-fractional HPBE. A technique of collocation has been introduced for numerical solution. In this technique, discretizations for space and time are not depending on each other. Hence, we have used a fusion of two different basis functions, namely radial basis functions and Chebyshev polynomials, obtained with the aid of the Kronecker product. We have examined the behavior of the heat transfer process for the fractional rate of change in the parabolic as well as the hyperbolic Pennes bioheat model.

Abstract Background Safe vaccination worldwide is critical for eliminating the COVID-19 pandemic elimination. We aimed to evaluate adverse reactions to vaccination using a web-based questionnaire and to examine the risk factors for the occurrence of immunisation stress-related response (ISRR). Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey using Google Form® among employees of St. Marianna University Hospital who had received the COVID-19 vaccine between April 2021 and May 2021, 1 week after the first and second vaccinations. We developed and used a questionnaire to identify individuals with ISRR, according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. A generalised linear mixed model was constructed with ISRR onset as the dependent variable, subjects as the random factor, and each parameter as a fixed factor. A multivariate model was constructed using the forced imputation method with factors that were significant in the univariate analysis. Results We enrolled 2,073 and 1,856 respondents in the first and second questionnaire surveys, respectively. Fifty-five and 33 ISRR cases were identified in the first and second vaccinations, respectively. In the univariate analysis, strong pre-vaccination anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–4.12, p=0·004) and history of allergy (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.14–2.24, p=0·007) were significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis also showed that strong pre-vaccination anxiety (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.15–3.80, p=0.016) and history of allergy (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.09–2.15, p=0.014) were significant risk factors. Conclusions Confirmation of allergy prior to vaccination and subsequent action are essential for addressing ISRR.

Three-phase partitioning (TPP) is a simple, fast, cost-effective, and highly efficient process that can be used in the purification of laccases. In this study, microorganisms with laccase enzyme activity were isolated from water samples collected from the Agri-Diyadin hotspring. The isolate with the highest laccase activity was the A2 strain. As a result of molecular (16S rRNA sequence) and conventional (morphological, biochemical and physiological) analyses, it was determined that the A2 isolate was 99% similar to Enterococcus faecium (Genbank number: MH424896). The laccase was purified to 0.95-fold with 64.59% recovery using the TPP. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found by SDS-PAGE to be 50.11 kDa. Optimum pH 8.0 and optimum temperature for laccase enzyme were determined as 80 °C. It was determined that the enzyme maintained its activity at a rate of 90% after 1 h of incubation in the temperature range of 20-90 °C and showed activity and stability in a wide pH range (pH 3.0-9.0). The enzyme remained highly stable in the presence of surfactants, and increased its activity in the presence of organic solvents, Cr2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ metals. The Km and Vmax values of laccase enzyme for ABTS substrate were 0.68 mM and 5.29 μmol mL-1min-1.

Background: This study aimed to identify the impact of prior cancer on the overall survival (OS) of patients with osteosarcoma and to describe their characteristics and then establish a nomogram. Procedure: Data of patients with osteosarcoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The difference was balanced by propensity score matching. Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of prior cancer. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a testing cohort. A nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year OS was established by multivariate Cox analyses. The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram were assessed by C-index values and calibration plots. Results: In total, 615 patients were identified, of which 103 (16.74%) had prior cancer. The most frequently reported type was breast cancer (12.62%). Patients with prior cancer possessed a poorer OS than those without prior cancer (p =0.023). Importantly, patients with prior bone sarcoma, breast, gastrointestinal, and hematological cancers had a non-inferior OS. The nomogram demonstrated favorable discriminatory ability as indicated by the C-index (0.728). Calibration plots indicated optimal agreement between the nomogram-predicted survival and the actual observed survival. Conclusions: This is the first study to report that osteosarcoma patients with prior cancer have a poor OS and provide a novel prognostic nomogram based on prior cancer history. Different prior cancer types had various effects on the OS. The nomogram facilitated individual prognosis prediction and clinical decision-making.

Objective To explore optimal handover processes in maternity care to address service quality and women’s safety. Design Mixed-methods study. Setting Maternity hospitals in Banjul, The Gambia. Sample 110 shift-to-shift handovers across maternity wards. Methods Handovers were observed and compared against a standard, investigating content and environment alongside semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with doctors, midwives and nurses. Main outcome measures Number of information topics handed-over categorised by SBAR, description of handover environment, supported by qualitative themes on barriers and facilitators. Results Only 666 of 845 women (79%) were handed over. Doctors had no scheduled handover. Shift-leads alone gave/received handover, delayed [median 35 minutes, IQR 24-45] 82% of the time; 96% of handovers were not confidential and 29% were disrupted. Standardised guidelines and training were lacking. A median 6 of 28 topics [IQR 5-9] were communicated per woman. Information varied significantly by time, high-risk classification and location. For women in labour, 10 [IQR 8-14] items were handed-over, 8 [IQR 5-11] for women classed ‘high-risk’, 5 [IQR 4-7] for ante/postnatal women (p<0.001); >50% had no care management plan communicated. 21 interviews and 2 focus groups were conducted. Barriers and facilitators surrounding three health service factors emerged; health systems, organisation culture and individual clinician factors. Conclusions Maternity handover was inconsistent, hindered by contextual barriers including delays, lack of team communication and guidelines, with some women omitted entirely. Findings alongside clinicians views demonstrate feasible opportunities for enhancing handover, thereby improving women’s safety globally. Funding Arthur Thompson Trust and BMedSc student funding.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of lymphadenectomy on clinical outcome in patients with low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC). Design: Case-control multicenter retrospective study. Setting: University Hospital-based research center. Population: 147 patients with LGSOC. Methods: Propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was used to balance the basic characteristics of patients with lymphadenectomy or not, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the impact of clinical prognosis. Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to analyze the high-risk factors associated with clinical prognosis. Main outcome measures: Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 147 women from 4 medical centers were enrolled. In the before matching cohort, 101 (68.7%) patients underwent lymphadenectomy. Fifty-two (35.4%) patients experienced recurrence, and 25 (17%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in DFS(P=0.058) and OS(P=0.067) in the after matching cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed age (P=0.012), the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P=0.031) and effective cytoreductive surgery (P=0.044) were 3 high-risk factors associated with recurrence. Age (P=0.031) and effective cytoreductive surgery (P=0.009) were 2 high-risk factors associated with death. Conclusions: Lymphadenectomy seems not to provide a significant benefit neither DFS nor OS in our study. Age, the FIGO stage and effective cytoreductive surgery are high-risk factors associated with clinical prognosis in LGSOC patients.

Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is a recalcitrant glycoprotein mainly produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and contributes to soil carbon sequestration. Human activities (grazing, fertilization, etc.) can change plant productivity, soil carbon pool, and microbial community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. However, no study has reported on the effect of human activities on GRSP. Besides, the effect of the interaction between environmental factors and human activities on GRSP is unknown. This study assessed GRSP response to grazing intensity gradients and fertilization in an alpine grassland (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The result showed that livestock grazing changed GRSP stability in alpine grassland. Moreover, the content of total GRSP and easily extractable GRSP were gradually decreased with increasing grazing intensities in both surface and subsurface soils. GRSP was highly positively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP) but negatively correlated with the soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and PH (P<0.001). GRSP promoted SOC by 3.7-14.18%. In contrast, N and P addition for five years did not affect SOC and GRSP contents. Therefore, GRSP is a stable organic carbon essential for SOC fixation. Short-term distractions cannot affect GRSP stability, while long-term overgrazing can gradually reduce GRSP stability. This study provides new insights into soil carbon pool and ecological stoichiometry in the grassland succession process on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

Just as competition, cooperation is also a fundamental aspect of species growth; for survival and optimum population growth, an optimal degree of aggregation is necessary, which perfectly balances the competition and cooperation. Like cooperation, species memory is also an important aspect in terms of species behavior and it is debatable as to whether a species uses its memory for the evaluation of cooperation in an ecosystem or not. In this paper, we attempt to provide a new outlook on the relation between these two phenomena, memory and cooperation. We have studied and analyzed time series abundance data for a large number of species available in the global population dynamics database (GPDD) exhibiting the evidence of cooperation. Our analysis indicates that among the insect community, the moth species, have strong memory. We have also provided a discussion on the interplay between memory and cooperation with regard to the stability of the system. These findings can open up new avenues in understanding species behavior in the ecological niche.

Traits related to reproduction and dispersal drive the assembly and dynamics of species communities and can explain and predict how species respond to habitat loss and fragmentation and to the changing climate. For fungi, such links remain poorly known. We examine how spore production rate, a key demographic trait, is influenced by the interaction between environmental conditions and species traits. We monitored the spore production of 97 wood-inhabiting fungal species on 107 decaying logs and analyzed the data with a hierarchical community model. Our study shows that species display different seasonal and diurnal release patterns, with important implications for dispersal. We also provide the first quantitative evidence that fungi face the classic trade-off of investing either in the number or size of offspring. We provide new angles towards understanding different fungal life history strategies, which have implications for species' ability to survive the ongoing biodiversity crisis.

Let G be a molecular graph. The total-eccentricity index of graph G is defined as the sum of eccentricities of all vertices of G. The extremal trees, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs, and extremal conjugated trees with respect to total-eccentricity index are known. In this paper, we extend these results and study the extremal conjugated unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with respect to total-eccentricity index.

For the reduced canonical system of integro-differential equations of viscoelasticity, direct and inverse problems of determining the velocity field of elastic waves and the relaxation matrix are posed. The problems are replaced by a closed system of integral equations of the second kind of Volterra type with respect to the Fourier transform in the variables $x_1$, $x_2$ for solving the direct problem and unknowns of the inverse problem. Further, the method of contraction mappings in the space of continuous functions with a weighted norm is applied to this system. Thus, we prove global existence and uniqueness theorems for solutions to the problems posed.

In this paper, the optimized decomposition method, which was developed to solve integer-order differential equations, will be modified and extended to handle nonlinear fractional differential equations. Fractional derivatives will be considered in terms of Caputo sense. The suggested modifications design new optimized decompositions for the series solutions depending on linear approximations of the nonlinear equations. Two optimized decomposition algorithms have been introduced to obtain approximate solutions of broad classes of IVPs consisting of nonlinear fractional ODEs and PDEs. A comparative study of the suggested algorithms with the Adomian decomposition method was performed by means of some test illustration problems. The executed numerical simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithms give better accuracy and convergence compared with Adomian's approach. This confirms the belief that the optimized decomposition method will be effectively and widely used in solving various functional equations.

The aim of this paper is to study the existence of stable standing waves for the following nonlinear Schr\”{o}dinger type equation with mixed power-type and Choquard-type nonlinearities \[ i\partial_t \psi+\Delta \psi+\lambda | \psi|^q \psi+\frac{1}{|x|^\alpha}\left(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}\frac{| \psi|^p}{|x-y|^\mu|y|^\alpha}dy\right)| \psi|^{p-2} \psi=0, \] where $N\geq3$, $0<\mu0$, $\alpha\geq0$, $2\alpha+\mu\leq{N}$, $0

Cancer is the most threatening disease induces death. The main aim of hyperthermia is to raise the temperature inside biological tissue. Therefore, it is very important to know the temperature distribution inside the tissue. In this paper, a new numerical method is proposed for the numerical solution of space-time fractional bioheat equation for describing the heat transfer in biological tissues during hyperthermia treatment with external electromagnetic (EM) heating. The numerical solution of the space-time fractional bioheat model is obtained by using the collocation method and finite difference method (FDM) with a proper choice of collocation points. The Chebyshev polynomials are utilized as a basis function. The fractional derivative is used in the form of the Caputo sense. The present problem is transformed into a system of algebraic equations by using the Chebyshev collocation method and FDM. The proposed method is characterized by its simplicity and efficiency. The numerical results are interpreted in both of the cases, i.e., standard case and anomalous cases for different fractional order derivatives in time and space. The numerical results are given graphically in both standard and anomalous cases for different values of parameters. All computational results are obtained by the present method in dimensionless form.

Stingless bees belonging to the Meliponinae subfamily, are known as meliponines. Scaptotrigona affinis postica Latreille, 1807 from northeast of Brazil is popularly known as ‘tubi’ in Maranhão State. Scaptotrigona, which is widely distributed in neotropical regions, includes species that build their hives in pre-existing cavities. Flavones di-C-glycosides, and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid 7-(3-methoxy-2- methylbutyryl)-9-echimidinylretronecine were reported previously in propolis from S. postica. Fractions 40 AEP and 40 MEP from ethanolic extract were analyzed by LC-MS. The chromatographic profile of fractions 40 AEP and 40 MEP revealed the presence of many pyrrolizidine alkaloids, among them, lithosenine (14), lithosenine arabinoside (19), 7-angeloyl-9-(2,3- dihydroxybutyryl) retronecine (1), 7-(2-methylbutyryl) retronecine (3), 9-sarracinoylretronecine (13) and viridinatine (8), besides the flavonoids schaftoside (15), aromadendrin-7-O-methyl ether (12), 7-methoxy-5,6,3’,4’,5’,6’-hexahydroxy-flavone-3-O-glucuronide (11), mangiferin (10) and 3-O-methyl mangiferin (17). Fractions 40 AEP and 40 MEP showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli D31- streptomycin resistant. Cell viability was expressed in terms of the relative absorbance of treated and untreated cells (control). There was no statistical difference between treated and untreated cells.

Objective: Nephrin is a protein in the glomerular podocyte slit diaphragm; therefore, its presence in urine implies damage to podocytes. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of nephrin as a biomarker in maternal urine to predict preeclampsia (PE). Design and setting: This prospective study included pregnant women admitted for delivery at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: March 2019 – May 2020. Population: Patients who had been diagnosed with PE were included and patients without a history of underlying diseases were recruited for the control group. Important clinical data has been collected. Methods: Urine samples were obtained, and nephrin signaling was detected through test strips using a lateral flow assay. Main Outcome Measures: The results of the point-of-care test were compared between the 2 groups: patients with PE, and without (control group) using the exact concentration of nephrin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Clinical characteristics – maternal age, rate of nulliparity, proportion of twin pregnancies, height, weight, cesarean section rate – were comparable between the PE and control groups. Nephrin signals were classified into four groups. In the PE group, signals 0, 1, 2, and 3 were found in 18.4% (9/49), 44.9% (22/49), 24.5% (12/49), and 12.2% (6/49) of participants, respectively. This was significantly different from the control group, in which 84.3% (43/51) were found to have signal 0 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Nephrin signaling in maternal urine could be a noninvasive and useful test for predetecting severity of PE.

Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes great damage to agriculture. We performed RNA-seq from 15 individuals of S. litura, including different larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also sequenced the Spodoptera frugiperda to compared with the S. litura. A total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the S. litura may undergo active development and basic metabolism, such as xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism, during its larvae and adult stages, which explains the difficulty to control it. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and developmental, but S. litura were highly enriched in energy and metabolic processes, whereas S. frugiperda had stronger nervous and olfactory functions. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota can both participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes in them, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than that of S. litura. Therefore, we can conclude that the detoxification ability of S. frugiperda is stronger than that of in S. litura, which is related to the wide adaptation and strong resistance of S. frugiperda. Our study might provide clues to the development of novel pest control strategies.

Objective: AIDS patients need life-long ART, the cost of which has become a heavy medical burden on health systems. In this study, the CD4 cell count variable is modeled to subdivide the ART-treated patients, aiming to reduce the medical burden. Methods: The data of outpatients at the research unit between August 2009 and December 2020 were exported. A recency-frequency (RF) model was established to distinguish and preserve ART-treated patients. The common factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the three indicators of the baseline/mean/last CD4 cell counts to obtain critical variables, which were then subjected to k-means modeling to subdivide ART-treated patients, and their medical burden was analyzed. Results: A total of 12,106 pieces of ART-treated patients were preserved by RF modeling. The baseline/mean/last CD4 cell counts served as important variables employed for modeling. The patients were divided into 15 types, including two types with poor compliance and poor immune reconstitution, two types with good compliance but poor immune reconstitution, four types with poor compliance but good immune reconstitution and seven types with good compliance and good immune reconstitution. The frequency of visits was 5.25-9.95 visits/person/year, and the percentage of examination fees was 44.24-59.05%, with a medical burden of 4,114-12,677 yuan/person/year, of which 42.62-70.09% was reducible. Poor compliance and poor immune reconstitution lead to excessive visits and frequent examination, which were the leading causes of the heavy medical burden of ART. Conclusion: RF modeling can be used to distinguish ART-treated patients, which can be subdivided by the CD4 cell count.

Objective To explore if CD4 can be used as an index to guide the ART compliance and predict the feasibility of post-ART immune reconstitution. Methods The data of outpatients with AIDS visiting the research unit from August 2009 to April 2021 were used. The patients were divided according to the grouping variable (CD4 in the last 1-6 consecutive times ≥ 500 cells/μL) into good immune reconstitution and poor immune reconstitution groups. Based on the baseline CD4 value, the patients were classified into 6 types. The optimal grouping variable was used to establish the post-ART immune reconstitution prediction models, and inference rules were generated. Results A total of 7,872 pieces of valid data were obtained, including 4,834 in the incomplete immune reconstitution group (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/μL or < 500 cells/μL). Taking CD4 in the last 6 consecutive times ≥ 500 cells/μL as the optimal grouping variable, 6 immune reconstitution prediction models were established, with accuracies ranging within 89.4-93.29%, and 29 inference rules were generated. Good immune reconstitution rules were more complex than poor immune reconstitution rules and had more additional conditions; the confidence was high. It was found to usually take 42 months of adherence to ART treatment to enter a good immune reconstitution state. Conclusion The model established based on the optimal grouping variable of CD4 in the last 6 consecutive times ≥ 500 cells/μL and the corresponding inference rules can effectively guide ART, assess the post-ART immune reconstitution status and lower the medical burden of ART.

Objectives: An estimated 20-60% of head and neck cancer patients have reported distress during the evaluation and management of their disease. This study aims to assess for a relationship between distress scores and several perioperative metrics. Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Single tertiary care center Main Outcome Measures: 34 head and neck cancer patients during the designated time period were evaluated for their distress screening results. Primary outcomes evaluated are distress scores, stratified by age and subsite, as well as, staging. Power analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Significantly lower distress scores were associated with a skin primary site (OR = 0.06, 0.003-0.41 95% CI, p = 0.01<0.05), and there was a trend toward lower distress score with Medicare insurance (OR=0.11, 0.01-0.76 95% CI, p=0.06>0.05) indicating potential protective factors against distress scores >3. Conclusions: Identifying specific protective factors may objectively help identify new head and neck cancer patients who are at higher risk for greater levels of distress.

Two characteristics (magnitude and duration-frequency) of two indices of high (Qmax, annual flooding) and low intensities (Q90) floods and the morphology (bankfull width and sinuosity) of channels were compared for the Matawin (1,390 km²) and Petite Nation (1,330 km²) rivers on the Canadian Shield, which are differentiated mainly by wetland and forest areas. Wetlands cover 9% and 15% respectively in the Matawin and Petite Nation watersheds. This comparison revealed that the magnitude of high floods (Qmax) in the Matawin River was on average about twice the magnitude of high floods in the Petite Nation River from 1945–2019. No significant difference was observed in the magnitude of low floods (Q90) between the two rivers. As for the duration-frequency of heavy floods (Qmax), it was, on average, about three times higher in the Petite Nation River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed. The opposite is true for low floods (Q90). Morphologically, this difference in the magnitude and duration-frequency of heavy floods is seen in the bankfull width and sinuosity between the channels of the two rivers. The Matawin River channel is narrower and more sinuous than the Petite Nation River channel. This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of wetlands on channel morphology for Canadian Shield rivers in southern Quebec.

During cardiogenesis, cardiac cells receive various stimuli, such as biomechanical and chemical cues, from the surrounding microenvironment, and these signals induce the maturation of heart cells. Mechanical force, especially tensile force in the heart, is one of the key stimuli that induce cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation through mechanotransduction, a process through which physical cues are transformed into biological responses. However, the effects and mechanisms of tensile force on cell maturation are poorly studied. In this study, we developed a cyclic stretch system that mimics the mechanical environment of the heart by loading tensile force to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs. HiPSC-CMs cultured with the cyclic stretch system showed increased cell alignment, sarcomere length and expression of maturation markers in mRNA, such as TNNI3, MYL2 and TTN, compared to static cultures. Especially, the expression of genes related to nuclear mechanotransduction, such as Yap1, lamin A/C, plectin (PLEC), and desmin (DES), was increased in the cyclically stretched hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, the volume of the nucleus was increased by as much as 120% in the cyclic stretch group. These results revealed that nuclear mechanotransduction induced by tensile force is involved in CM maturation. Together, these findings provide novel evidence suggesting that nuclear mechanotransduction induced by tensile force is involved in the regulation of cardiac maturation.