Abstract: The genetic studies were carried on accessions of the Andropogon gayanus-Andropogon tectorum complex (Poaceae) in southwestern Nigeria to determine the chromosome numbers and meiotic dynamics in the species. This involves meiotic chromosome and pollen studies using standard procedures. Studies on the morphology and meiotic behaviour of collections of A. gayanus (2n = 40) and A. tectorum (2n = 20, 40) have been made. The cytogenetic studies show that the chromosome configuration of A. gayanus is a tetraploid (2n = 40) on a basic chromosome number of 10. A. tectorum occurs as a regular diploid on a chromosome number of 2n = 20 and it is the only species found in Ekiti State. Kiwani was found to be a tetraploid A. tectorum with a chromosome number of 2n = 40. This study has also established the stability of the genome of the Andropogon complex. In spite of the occurrence of univalent and multiple associations, meiosis ensures a high percentage of pollen grains. The pollens of Kiwani (> 35 µm) were generally larger than those of other accessions while the other accessions of both A. gayanus and A. tectorum have modal pollen sizes less than 35 µm, although the A. tectorum accessions were generally smaller. The study concluded that the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 40 in AT10, Kiwani can be attributed to apomixis occurring in a lonely plant.

Objectives: patient safety in the operating room is very important. The aim of this study was evaluation the quality of the surgical team in performing patient safety standards in Iranian hospitals. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 180 surgical cases in the operating room of selected centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools include a checklist (including demographic characteristics of patients and 134 items in 4 dimensions of standards of anesthesia care before, during and after surgery, observance of essential points in safe surgery, observance of the relationship between the surgical team and the standard of patient movement and position during Surgery). Software SPSS 16 was used to analyze the information. Results: Respectively, the highest mean score to observe the standards of anesthesia care, before, during and after surgery with the highest score (70.7 ± 10.5), then observing the essential points in safe surgery (65.4 ±19.3), Observing the relationship between the surgical team (57.5 ± 18.8) and the standard of patient movement and position during surgery (25.7 ± 7.9) were in the next ranks. In examining the relationship between demographic characteristics and patient safety, patients’ gender and education did not have a significant effect on the performance of the surgical team (p>0.05), but with increasing age and weight, the performance of the surgical team in observing safety standards has increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, all members of the surgical team should be more aware of safe surgery and more training programs should be developed for members of the surgical team on compliance with the standards of patient safety in operating room.

Epichloë endophytes can improve the resistance of host grasses to pathogenic fungi in grasslands. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect of Epichloë sibirica on the resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum to Curvularia lunata by metabolomics approaches. The results demonstrated that before and after pathogen inoculation, 58 and 157 differential metabolites (DMs) were respectively induced by endophytes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of DMs showed that amino acids and phenols were mostly accumulated by endophytic infection. Integrated transcriptome and metabolomics KEGG analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly enriched. After measurement, we found that endophytic infection increased jasmonic acid (JA) concentration before pathogen inoculation and increased ethylene (ET) and pipecolic acid concentration after pathogen inoculation. Exogenous phytohormones treatment verified that endophytes improved the disease resistance of A. sibiricum by promoting JA and ET accumulation. In phenylpropanoid synthetic pathway, the endophytes promoted the accumulation of ferulic acid, p-coumaroylagmatine, and feruloylputrescine which was related to resistance against plant disease. Overall, our research suggests that Epichloë endophytes presumably trigger induced systemic resistance of the hosts to pathogenic fungi via activating JA/ET signaling pathways and promoted antimicrobial phenol accumulation in hosts.

Being extensively applied in various fields of chemistry and chemical industry, the development of a green and versatile method for the synthesis of amides is in line with the demand of sustainable chemistry. Herein, a direct, highly selective, and scale-up (5–20 mmol) method for photocatalytic synthesis of amides through aerobic oxidative amination of alcohols with amines was developed under visible light, room temperature, using air as the oxidant. Benefiting from the adsorption of sodium hemiaminal on catalyst lengthens the C–H bond (1.148 Å), this novel process is feasible for a broad range of functionlized amides (69 examples), especially those for drug manufacture (e.g., moclobemide and pipobroman). Imines was almost prevented with excellent amide selectivity up to 99% could be ascribed to the low energy barrier for hemiaminal dehydrogenation while that for dehydration is high (2.13 eV). This green and efficient protocol represents an ideal alternative to the currently known methods.

The primal-dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) algorithm has been applied for solving linearly constrained convex problems. However, it ‎was ‎shown ‎that ‎without ‎some additional ‎assumptions, convergence may fail. ‎In ‎this ‎work, ‎we propose a new competitive prediction-correction primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm to solve this kind of problem. Under some conditions, we prove the global convergence for the proposed algorithm with the rate of ‎$‎O(1/N)‎$ ‎in a nonergodic sense‎.‎ Comparative performance analysis of our proposed approach with other related methods on some matrix completion and wavelet-based image inpainting test problems shows the outperformance of our approach, in terms of iteration number and CPU time.

Primary myelofibrosis in childhood is a rare occurrence. We report a case of 12-year-old female who had a three year history of progressive abdominal distension with two months history of increasing pallor and associated symptoms. On evaluation she was found to have primary myelofibrosis with a novel frameshift deletion in the Calreticulin gene leading to premature truncation of the protein. Patient responded to hydroxyurea and low dose steroid therapy. Our case highlights the typical adult like presentation with a novel mutation in CALR gene, emphasizing the need to perform mutational analysis in pediatric myelofibrosis with no secondary etiology

In this paper, we mainly solve the explicit analytical expressions for the expected values of the Gutman index, Schultz index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and additive degree-Kirchhoff index of a random cyclooctatetraene chain with $n$ octagons. We also obtain the average values of these four indices with respect to the set of all these cyclooctatetraene chains.

Around 25% of the global population suffer from one or more parasitic infections, of which food and vector-borne parasitic zoonotic diseases are the major concern. Additionally, in recent years, zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals have gained increasing attention worldwide. Great changes in the climatic conditions, cropping pattern, demography and food habits, increasing international travels, marketing and trades, deforestation and urbanization play vital roles in the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic zoonoses. Although, underestimated, however, collected burden of food and vector-borne parasitic diseases is attributed to ~60 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Of the 20 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) listed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13 diseases are of parasitic origin. Besides, there are about 200 zoonotic diseases where WHO enlisted eight diseases as Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs) in the year 2013, of them four diseases namely cysticercosis, hydatidosis, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are caused by the parasite. In this review, we discussed global burden and impacts of food and vector-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases.

Aims Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type of stroke. Fingolimod is a sphingosine analog that acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors(S1PR). Recently, the safety and efficacy of fingolimod in both patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and patients with AIS have been investigated in proof-of-concept trials. In this review, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fingolimod for AIS. Methods This study was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analysis) statement. We searched for publications on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical trials, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM up to August 2021. We compiled 5 studies; a main Meta-analysis forest plots were conducted for the values of the proportion of patients whose modified Rankin scale(MRS) score was 0-1 at day 90. A sensitivity analysis was performed with a mean difference (MD) of the efficacy of fingolimod plus standardized treatment versus standardized treatment alone. Random effect karyotype is used for Meta-analysis regardless of the I2 index. The methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCTs) was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias (ROB). Results A meta-analysis of 5 studies with 228 participants was conducted. The risk ratio of patients whose MRS score was 0-1 at day 90 between fingolimod plus standardized treatment and standardized treatment alone was 2.59. Conclusions The Fingolimod plus standard treatment group resulted in more ischemic penumbra rescue and improved clinical function than the standard treatment.

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic agent, but at the same time, overdosing with acetaminophen is one of the leading causes of hospital admission. The administration of the specific antidote, N-acetylcysteine, should be initiated but renal replacement therapy, therapeutic plasmapheresis or even liver transplantation may be necessary. We present a case of severe metabolic lactic acidosis and coma after massive intake of acetaminophen. The patient was treated with N¬-acetylcysteine at a higher dose and received hemodialysis. He presented with severe liver failure, and despite optimal treatment, except liver transplantation, he died 70 hours after hospitalization. We describe the treatment of massive acetaminophen overdose and discuss the literature about the need for higher doses of N-acetylcysteine in these situations and the need for increasing doses, when co-administering hemodialysis. Other treatment strategies are mentioned.

Nasal administration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of application. With the gradual maturing of technology and pharmacological advances, nasal preparations of TCM have undergone significant changes. Nasal TCM formulations are used not only for treatment of pneumonia, asthma, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis but also Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as antidepressants and antiepileptics, and in ischemia reperfusion. In this study, we reviewed the development and application of different nasal preparations of TCM from the aspects of nasal structure, origin, factors affecting absorption and common dosage forms, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety. In the near future, we expect that more nasal preparations of Chinese medicine with independent intellectual property rights will be marketed to meet the needs of clinical disease management.

Abstract: In this paper, we mainly study the existence and non-existence of global solutions to degenerate Kirchhoff problem. More precisely, we find two invariant sets in which the behaviors of solutions are different for lower energy case. For high energy case, we applied ω-limit to prove that the problem admits a blow-up solution. At last, we give asymptotic estimates when the source term is by the differential term.

The density of metallic materials, along with strength and corrosion-resistance, is one of the main physical characteristics. This property is critical for nickel alloys, which are widely used in space and aeronautics, where it is extremely important to minimize the mass of each part. When developing new types of the alloys, it is essential to have a reliable and accurate method for estimating density. Unfortunately, no unified method for calculating the density has yet been proposed, except several regression models that give more or less accurate results. In this paper, we analyze and critically evaluate the available approaches, and provide a group of advanced analytical equations that accurately calculate the density of a nickel alloy based on its chemical composition. The method takes into account the spatial fcc structure of the alloys, the molar mass and molar volume of the alloying elements, as well as, the behavior of light ligands. We verify the accuracy of the equation based on real density and chemistry data for 69 nickel alloys. Using all equations, we calculate the density and compare the calculated data with real values. Comparison of the results shows that the proposed method provides the best accuracy of all those considered. The RMSE between the calculated values and the real ones is about 0.07. The error of the regression methods is 0.5 at best. Thus, the proposed approach increases the accuracy of calculating the density of nickel alloys by about an order of magnitude, while significantly simplifying it.

Delusion is an important symptom in psychiatry practice and can be a sign of a serious mental disease. Many psychiatric disorders include delusions in their clinical presentations. There are different theories about the nature of delusions but one of the most dominant ones is that delusions are beliefs in essence. In this paper, we suggest that this shared doxastic nature of delusions and beliefs, alongside DSM-5's subjective definition, makes it difficult for psychiatrists to distinguish delusions from non-pathological religious beliefs. This difficulty can lead to noticeable consequences.

Background and Aim: Identifying and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of nursing care provided to improve the quality of nursing care is increasingly emphasized and achieving it requires the use of valid tools in this field. This study aimed to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Good Nursing Care Scale. Methods: The present study is a methodological study in which the psychometric dimensions of Good nursing care from the perspective of patients with the participation of 200 patients admitted to the hospitals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were studied. After translating the original version of the scale, its validity and reliability were evaluated and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and AMOS software version 24. Results: The effect score of the item in the evaluation of face validity for each item was above 2.4. The content validity ratio for the scale was 0.88 and the content validity index tool was 0.86 respectively. The correlation of total instrument scores with the standard instrument was 0.839. According to the results of factor analysis, the values of factor loading of items were between 0.62 and 0.91, which were all significant. Therefore, the seven dimensions introduced in the main tool were approved. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha results of 0.865 and correlation of 0.894 in test-retest showed that the questionnaire has internal consistency and acceptable stability. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Good Nursing Care Scale has acceptable psychometric properties in the Iranian population and can be used as a valid tool in the areas of quality assessment of nursing care, education and nursing research.

A series of Cu/lamellar-SiO2 catalysts were obtained after reduction of a copper phyllosilicate precursor, which were prepared using the one-step sol–gel method followed by calcination under different temperatures varying from 400 to 700 ℃. Various characterization techniques were employed to reveal the structural properties and catalytic performance of Cu/lamellar-SiO2 catalysts. When the calcination temperature was 500 ℃, the conversion of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) was 98.5% and the selective for methyl glycolate (MG) was 52.1%. In addition, Cu/lamellar-SiO2 catalyst exhibited excellent stability during DMO hydrogenation under a pressure of 2 MPa, reaction temperature of 473 K and H2/DMO of 100. The characterization results indicated that the lamellar structure maintained in the catalyst can improve the dispersion of Cu species, and is beneficial to provide stable Cu+, thereby enhancing the selectivity of the preliminary hydrogenation product, MG.

The amphiphilic Janus-like CA-MoS2 fibrous sponges were synthesized and employed to remove oil from wastewater. The efficiency of treating 100 L of emulsion containing 10 mg/L of oil by CA-MoS2 fibrous sponge in a one pass flow through reactor was examined under different flow rate, pH and temperature conditions. The oil concentrations in the treated effluent were all below the industrial discharge requirement of 5 mg/L. The spent sponges were successfully regenerated and reused in multiple cycles. It was found that the adsorption of oil followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.988) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.995). Artificial neural networking (ANN) was developed to optimized the oil removal. The trained ANN was used to predict the oil removal of two new conditions. This study provides the basis for the development of an efficient material that can treat large volume of dilute oil containing wastewater for water reuse.

Hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) have been widely used as antireflection coatings. However, it is difficult to incorporate them into optical polymer matrices because of their larger size and agglomerations problem, making the haze and transparency worse. Herein, the sub-20 nm HSNs were firstly synthesized by a reverse microemulsion method and the scale-up preparation was successfully achieved in a rotating-packed-bed reactor. The prepared nanocomposites possess super-high transparency and almost unchanged haze.

This theory seeks to define species and to explore evolutionary forces and genetic elements in speciation and species maintenance. The theory explains how speciation and species maintenance are caused by natural selection acting on non-Mendelian and Mendelian variation, respectively. The emergence and maintenance of species as groups of populations are balanced by evolutionary forces including complementary mechanisms of gene flow within and between populations at population-specific rates: sexual and asexual reproduction, recombining and nonrecombining genome regions, vertical and horizontal DNA transfer, and transposon proliferation and control. While recombining genome regions carry conserved genes and are subjected to meiotic recombination, nonrecombining genome regions carry accessory genes and are not subjected to such structural restrain. Sexual reproduction, vertical DNA transfer, recombining genome regions and transposon control keep species in existence by maintaining recombining chromosome number and structure, while asexual reproduction, horizontal DNA transfer, nonrecombining genome regions and transposon proliferation help species emerge by promoting reproductive isolation and changes in chromosome number and structure. The theory is based on the analysis of the genome sequences of isolates in the Fusarium oxysporum complex. The rate of horizontal supernumerary chromosome transfer in this complex was estimated to be 0.1 per genome per year.

In this research, we investigate the fuzzy integral equations related to traffic flow. Using the Banach fixed point theorem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution for such equations. Using the Picard iterative method, we obtain the upper bound for an accurate and approximate solution. Finally, we obtain an error estimation between the exact solution and the solution of the iterative method. Example show the applicability of our results.

The Squaretail mullet Ellochelon vaigiensis is a commercial fish and distributed from marine to freshwater in Indo-Pacific, including the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Data on the length-weight relationship (LWR), growth pattern, and condition factor (CF) play an essential role in fisheries assessment but are limited to E. vaigiensis. This study examined whether growth pattern and CF of E. vaigiensis vary with sex, season, month, and site variables. The analysis results of 942 fish specimens (525 male and 416 female) showed that total length (TL=17.86±0.13 cm) and weight (W=54.29±1.05 g) changed with sex, season, month, and site. The W of squaretail could be estimated from a given TL due to high determination coefficients of LWRs (r2>0.8). The species showed negative allometry as the b value (2.34±0.30) obtained LWR was <3, indicating that most fish specimens were caught in the immature stage. The growth pattern of this species did not change with sexes, seasons and sites, but varied with months ranging from negative allometry to isometry. The CF of E. vaigiensis showed sexual variation as this value of females (1.08±0.01) was higher than that of males (0.99±0.01). Also, the CF showed spatiotemporal variation ranging from 0.81±0.01 to 1.25±0.02. Overall, the CF of this species (1.02±0.01) was higher than 1, indicating that E. vaigiensis lived an adequate food availability condition.

Maintaining potable water resources is a challenge that humanity cannot ignore, given the growing increase in potential contaminants of different classes. In the scenario of viable alternatives to the remediation of this environmental setback, adsorption stands out for its effectiveness, relative operational simplicity, and low cost. The use of models in a simulated environment that represents the adsorptive dynamics in a fixed bed column is presented to anticipate viable scenarios and execution conditions before elaborating a full-scale project. Analytical models are often used due to their simplicity of application. However, their parameters remain limited to the specific experimental curve used in their adjustment. In this sense, this work adopts the mechanistic approach to using a model capable of providing more detailed information about an adsorptive bed, such as axial dispersion and mass transfer in the solid phase. We carried out the verifications presented here from the perspective of Bayesian inference. It allows the use of all previous knowledge of the phenomenon and experimental measurements and their associated uncertainties. The mean and standard deviation of the prior probability distribution of the parameters were varied. We adopted the Monte Carlo method via Markov Chains (MCMC) to obtain the estimates and implemented them according to the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Estimates showed that information obtained at bed outlet could predict breakthrough curves at other points in the column where measurements are not available.

This paper is concerned with a fractional-order eco-epidemiological model with disease in predator species and prey harvesting. The nonlinear incidence rate and Monod-Haldane functional response for interactions between species are considered. The existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of solutions are established for this fractional-order model. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the local asymptotic stability of equilibrium points. The proposed fractional-order model is very sensitive to varying the fractional-order, prey harvesting and initial conditions. Theoretical results are illustrated by using numerical simulations.

Patulous eustachian tube (PET) is often misdiagnosed due to the difficulties to perform the tests designed to evaluate the function of the eustachian tube (ET). We describe a simple but very efficient test that can be performed in the clinic or by the patient himself at home to diagnose this problem by nose irrigation of physiological serum. Key points: Patulous eustachian tube, autophonia, deafness, tinnitus, physiological serum, diagnosis. Key Points: Question: Patulous eustachian tube sometimes doesn´t relieves lying in a lordotic position. Additional problems: Ussualy the problem is intermittent and diagnostic criteria include oclusion of the eustachian tube. Test design: We designed a test to occlude the eustachian tube by the patient himself at home with physiological serum. Findings: The occlusion with serum is effective in almost all the patients. Meaning: Occlusion with physiological serum is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patulous eustachian tube.